Chapter I: Front Matter

+-------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's note: | | | |Obvious typographic errors have been corrected. | | | +-------------------------------------------------+

_Engraved for Stevenson's Narrative of South America._]

A

HISTORICAL

AND

DESCRIPTIVE NARRATIVE

OF

TWENTY YEARS' RESIDENCE

IN

SOUTH AMERICA,

_IN THREE VOLUMES_;

CONTAINING TRAVELS IN ARAUCO, CHILE, PERU, AND COLOMBIA;

WITH AN ACCOUNT OF

THE REVOLUTION, ITS RISE, PROGRESS, AND RESULTS.

BY W. B. STEVENSON,

FORMERLY PRIVATE SECRETARY TO THE PRESIDENT AND CAPTAIN GENERAL OF QUITO, COLONEL, AND GOVERNOR OF ESMERALDAS, CAPTAIN DE FRAGATA, AND LATE SECRETARY TO THE VICE ADMIRAL OF CHILE,--HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD COCHRANE, &c.

VOL. III.

LONDON:

HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO.

CONSTABLE & Co. AND OLIVER & BOYD, EDINBURGH.

MDCCCXXV.

CONTENTS OF VOL. III.

PAGE CHAP. I.--First Revolutionary Symptoms in South America....Morales and Quiroga....Character of Morales....Of Quiroga....Discovery made by Captain Salinas to two Friars....Their Report to the Government....Imprisonment of Morales, Quiroga, Salinas, and Riofrio....Character of Salinas....Of Dr. Riofrio....Liberation of the Prisoners.... Junto formed at Quito....Advice of to the President, Count Ruis....Manner in which the Revolution was conducted....New Oath....Marquis of Selva Alegre....Character of....Dissensions in the New Government....Count Ruis reinstated....Arrival of Troops from Lima and Santa Fé....Imprisonment of the Insurgents....Trial of....Character of the Count Ruis....Of the Oidor Don Felipe Fuertes Amar....Of the Fiscal Arrechaga ....Of Colonel Arredonda...._Proceso_ sent to Santa Fé 1

CHAP. II.--Second Revolution at Quito....Massacre of the Prisoners....General Meeting held....Spanish Troops leave Quito....Revolution at Santa Fé....Arrival of Don Carlos Montufar at Quito....Arredonda invades Quito....Arrives at Huaranda....Flies from....Montufar marches towards Cuenca ....Desists from attacking the City....Returns to Quito....My Appointment to Esmeraldas....Capture and Escape....General Montes enters Quito....Death of Montufar....Quito taken by General Sucre 26

CHAP. III.--State of Lima in 1811....Constitution proclaimed ....Some Effects of....Wishes of the Inhabitants of Lima....Manifest of Venezuela 45

CHAP. IV.--State of Lima....Expedition to Chile under Colonel Gainsa....Exit of....Regiment of Talavera arrives from Spain ....Part of sent to Huamanga....Revolution of Cusco and Arequipa....Death of Pumacagua, and the Patriot Melgar.... Arrival of Flags taken by Osoria in Chile....Viceroy Abascal superseded by Pesuela....Character of the former....Beginning of Pesuela's Administration....Arrival of La Serna....State of Lima to 1817....Battle of Chacabuco in Chile....Extract of a Journal....New Expedition to Chile under Osoria....News of Battle of Maypu....Loss of the Spanish Frigate Maria Isabel, and part of Convoy....Arrival of Lord Cochrane off Callao 120

CHAP. V.--State of Lima on the Arrival of the Chilean Squadron....Arrival of at Huacho....At Supe....Chilean Naval Force, how composed....Capture of the Maria Isabel by Commodore Blanco....Arrival of Lord Cochrane....Appointed Admiral....Leaves Valparaiso....Arrives at Callao, Huacho, Barranca, Huambacho....Proclamation of Cochrane, San Martin, and O'Higgins....Description of Huambacho....Paita taken.... Proceed to Valparaiso....Arrival....Description of....Road from Valparaiso to Santiago 141

CHAP. VI.--Santiago....Foundation....Description of the City....Contrast between the Society here and at Lima....State of Chile....Manners and Customs....Revolution ....Carreras....O'Higgins....Defeat at Rancagua....Chileans cross the Cordillera....Action of Chacabuco....Of Maypu.... Death of Don Juan Jose, and Don Luis Carrera....Murder of Colonel Rodrigues....Formation of a Naval Force....Death of Spanish Prisoners at San Luis....Naval Expedition under Lord Cochrane....Failure of the attack on Callao....Attack at Pisco....Death of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles....Capture of Vessels at Guayaquil....Squadron returns to Chile 169

CHAP. VII.--Passage from Guayaquil River to Valdivia....Lord Cochrane reconnoitres the Harbour....Capture of the Spanish Brig Potrillo....Arrival at Talcahuano....Preparations for an Expedition to Valdivia....Troops furnished by General Freire....O'Higgins runs aground....Arrival off Valdivia.... Capture of Valdivia....Attempt on Chiloe fails.... Return of Lord Cochrane....Leaves Valdivia for Valparaiso....Victory by Beauchef.....Arrival of the Independencia and Araucano.... O'Higgins repaired....Return to Valparaiso....Conduct of Chilean Government....Lord Cochrane resigns the Command of the Squadron 211

CHAP. VIII.--Lord Cochrane and the Chilean Government.... Preparations for the Expedition to Peru....Captain Spry ....Charges presented by the Admiral against Capt. Guise ....Lord Cochrane throws up his Commission....Letters from the Captains and Officers....Commission returned by the Government....Offer made by San Martin to the Foreign Seamen....Embarkation of Troops for Peru....Announcement of Sailing of the Expedition....Force of the Squadron 243

CHAP. IX.--Sketch of O'Higgins, San Martin, Lord Cochrane, Las Heras, and Monteagudo....Sailing of the Expedition, and arrival at Pisco....Debarkation....Occurrences at Pisco.... Colonel Arenales, with a division of the Army, marches to Arica....Troops embark, and proceed to Ancon....News of the Revolution of Guayaquil....Capture of the Spanish Frigate Esmeralda....Army goes down to Huacho....Head Quarters at Huaura 275

CHAP. X.--Battalion of Numancia joins the Liberating Army ....Victory at Pasco by Arenales....Route of Arenales from Ica....Courts Martial held in the Squadron on Officers.... Conduct of General San Martin....Viceroy Pesuela deposed.... Expedition to Pisco....To Arica....Action at Mirabe under Lieutenant-Colonel Miller....Description of Arica....Of Tacna....Of Ilo....Armistice celebrated by Generals San Martin and La Serna....Prorogation of....Lord Cochrane leaves Mollendo, and arrives at Callao 303

CHAP. XI.--Lima evacuated by La Serna....Occupation of by the Liberating Army....Loss of the San Martin....Arrival of Lord Cochrane at Lima....Conduct of the Spaniards after leaving Lima....Independence of Peru sworn....San Martin constitutes himself Protector of Peru....Interview between Lord Cochrane and San Martin....Announcement of the views of the Spanish Army....State of the Squadron....San Martin takes the Field ....Arrival and Departure of Cantarac....Proclamation of San Martin....Treasure taken at Ancon by Lord Cochrane ....Surrender of Callao....Tribunal of Purification established at Lima....Lieutenant Wynter arrested at Callao ....Paroissien and Spry visit the Squadron at Midnight ....Squadron leaves Callao, arrives at Guayaquil 339

CHAP. XII.--Revolution and State of Guayaquil....Squadron leaves....Island of Cocos....Bay of Fonseca....Visitors from the Shore....Leave Fonseca....Volcano....Arrive at Acapulco ....General Waevell and Colonel O'Reilly....Letter from Iturbide....Leave Acapulco....Description of....Gale of Wind off Tehuantepec....Tacames or Atcames....News of the Enemy ....Arrive at the Puná....Guayaquil....Lord Cochrane hoists the Chilean Flag in the Vengansa....Conduct of the People at Guayaquil....Treaty with the Government....Letter from General La Mar....Leave Guayaquil, and arrive at Huambacho....Callao 396

CHAP. XIII.--Commercial Code at Lima....Provincial Statutes announced....Liberty of the Press....Foreigners declared amenable to the Laws....Institution of the Order of the Sun ....New Commercial Rules....Titles changed....Order to convene the Constituent Congress....San Martin delegates his Authority to the Marquis de Torre Tagle....San Martin leaves Lima and returns....Army defeated under Tristan at Ica....State of Lima on our Arrival....Visit of Monteagudo to Lord Cochrane ....San Martin annuls the Treaty at Guayaquil....Exile of Spaniards from Lima....Lord Cochrane leaves Callao for Valparaiso....Spanish Vessels that surrendered to the Chilean Squadron....Convention of Chile meets....Monteagudo exiled from Lima....Disturbances in Chile....San Martin arrives at Valparaiso....O'Higgins abdicates....Lord Cochrane leaves the Pacific 423