Chapter I: Part 1

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BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}
_and under the Patronage of_
Her Majesty the Queen.

HISTORICAL RECORDS
_OF THE_
British Army

_Comprising the_
_History of every Regiment_
_IN HER MAJESTY’S SERVICE_.

_By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._

_Adjutant General’s Office, Horse Guards._
London.
_Printed by Authority._
]

GENERAL ORDERS.

_HORSE-GUARDS_,
_1st January, 1836_.

His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of doing the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars, viz.:--

---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of
the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time
employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations
in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any
Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies,
&c., it may have captured from the Enemy.

---- The Names of the Officers, and the number of
Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the
Enemy, specifying the place and Date of the Action.

---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their
Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the
Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other
Marks of His Majesty’s gracious favour.

---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers,
and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in
Action.

And,

---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been
permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges
or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted.

By Command of the Right Honorable
GENERAL LORD HILL,
_Commanding-in-Chief_.

JOHN MACDONALD,
_Adjutant-General_.

PREFACE.

The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted.

Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honorable career, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication.

The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the “London Gazette,” from whence they are transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign’s approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes.

It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic account of their origin and subsequent services.

This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad.

From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose.

In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved.

The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against superior numbers.

In the Official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of individual bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments.

These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty’s special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant General’s Office; and while the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service.

There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment to everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood “firm as the rocks of their native shore:” and when half the world has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens in arms,--a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us,--will certainly prove acceptable to the public.

Biographical Memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth.

As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall be completed the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession.

INTRODUCTION

TO

THE INFANTRY.

The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority of the British troops over those of other countries has been evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar’s favourite tenth legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, however, unavailing against Cæsar’s legions: in the course of time a military system, with discipline and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full development of the national character followed, and it shone forth in all its native brilliancy.

The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords and spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and javelins.

The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior degree, they proved stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipendiary troops were employed, infantry always constituted a considerable portion of the military force; and this _arme_ has since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period.

The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, that it was almost impossible to slay them.

The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; and, owing to the inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable acquisition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century.

During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in every hundred men forty were “_men-at-arms_,” and sixty “_shot_;” the “men-at-arms” were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and thirty pikemen; and the “shot” were twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his principal weapon, a sword and dagger.

Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John Smithe) in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on each flank of the halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank of the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers, and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the company for skirmishing.[1] It was customary to unite a number of companies into one body, called a REGIMENT, which frequently amounted to three thousand men: but each company continued to carry a colour. Numerous improvements were eventually introduced in the construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, viz.: _musketeers_, armed with matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and _pikemen_, armed with pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords.

In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men. He caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming four regiments into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not adopted until near a century afterwards.

In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled the Admiral’s regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks. In this year the King added a company of men armed with hand grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was designated the “grenadier company.” Daggers were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets similar to those at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards.

An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry pikes.

King William III. incorporated the Admiral’s regiment in the second Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.[2]

During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand grenades; and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the Army in this reign.

About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the Seven Years’ War. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been limited to the musket and bayonet.

The arms and equipment of the British Troops have seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European states; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained over very superior numbers.

Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any arms. At _Crecy_, King Edward III., at the head of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 men; here British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the King of Bohemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black Prince, defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of France, and his son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although greatly exhausted by marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, at _Agincourt_, the Constable of France, at the head of the flower of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, and gained a complete victory.

During the seventy years’ war between the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish monarchy, which commenced in 1578 and terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the States General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and firmness;[3] and in the thirty years’ war between the Protestant Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British Troops in the service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British army under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French army, which had been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that country; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British Government. These achievements, with others of recent dates, in the distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons of the nineteenth century.

The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to command, whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading causes of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the various battle fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought and conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory; these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of time.

The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in the various parts of the world, where the calls of their Country and the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental operations, or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and unfavourable climes.

The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements of this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements have from time to time been introduced, to ensure that simplicity and celerity by which the superiority of the national military character is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons who have the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:--

__|
| |
|__|
|
20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20
|
Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses.
Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers.

The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10th of a pound; and the harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25th of a pound.

[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at the siege of Barcelona in 1705.

[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed in 1590, observes:--“I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the field, let them be chosen where they list.” Yet at this time the Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during the Seventy Years’ War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot, or Buffs.

[4] _Vide_ the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of Foot.

[5] “Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under circumstances of peculiar difficulty.”--_General Orders in 1801._

In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope (afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, 1809, it is stated:--“On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not how to yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will ensure victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human means.”

HISTORICAL RECORD

OF

THE THIRTY-SIXTH,

OR THE

HEREFORDSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT:

CONTAINING

AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT
In 1701,

AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES
To 1852.

COMPILED BY

RICHARD CANNON, ESQ.,
ADJUTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS.

Illustrated with Plates.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONARY OFFICE.
PUBLISHED BY PARKER, FURNIVALL, AND PARKER,
30, CHARING CROSS.

1853.

THE THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT
BEARS ON THE REGIMENTAL COLOUR AND
APPOINTMENTS

THE WORD “FIRM;”

ALSO THE WORD “HINDOOSTAN,”
IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS DISTINGUISHED SERVICES
IN THE SEVERAL ACTIONS IN WHICH IT
WAS ENGAGED IN INDIA FROM
1790 TO 1793;

AND
THE WORDS “ROLEIA,” “VIMIERA,”
“CORUNNA,” “SALAMANCA,” “PYRENEES,”
“NIVELLE,” “NIVE,” “ORTHES,”
“TOULOUSE,” AND “PENINSULA,”

IN TESTIMONY OF ITS GALLANTRY IN THE SEVERAL
ACTIONS FOUGHT DURING THE WAR IN PORTUGAL,
SPAIN, AND THE SOUTH OF FRANCE, FROM
1808 TO 1814.

THE

THIRTY-SIXTH,

OR

HEREFORDSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT.

CONTENTS

OF THE

HISTORICAL RECORD.

Year. Page.

1700. INTRODUCTION 1

1701. Formation of the regiment 2

” William Viscount Charlemont appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

1702. War of the Spanish succession 3

” Expedition to _Cadiz_ 4

” The regiment embarked for _Cadiz_ 5

” Embarkation return of the regiment 6

” Detached to the West Indies 7

1704. Returned to Ireland _ib._

1705. Embarked for Spain 8

” Siege of _Barcelona_ 9

” Capture of _Montjuich_ 11

” Surrender of _Barcelona_ _ib._

1706. _Barcelona_ invested by the French and Spaniards 13

” Successful defence of the place by the Allies _ib._

” Withdrawal of the enemy from Barcelona 13

” Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Alnutt appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

” The regiment embarked for Valencia 14

” Capture of _Requena_ and _Cuenza_ _ib._

1707. Battle of _Almanza_ 15

” Casualties of the regiment 16

1708. Recruiting of the regiment 17

1709. Colonel Archibald Earl of Ilay appointed Colonel of
the regiment 18

1710. Colonel Desney appointed Colonel of the regiment _ib._

1711. Expedition against _Quebec_ 19

” The regiment selected to form part thereof _ib._

” Returned to England 20

1712. Embarked for Dunkirk _ib._

1713. Treaty of Utrecht signed _ib._

1714. The regiment returned to England 21

” Proceeded to Ireland _ib._

1715. Colonel William Egerton appointed Colonel of the
regiment _ib._

” The regiment embarked for Scotland _ib._

” Battle of _Sheriffmuir_ _ib._

” Arrival of the Pretender in Scotland 22

1716. The Pretender returned to France _ib._

” Termination of the Rebellion _ib._

1718. The regiment proceeded to Ireland _ib._

1719. Embarked for Great Britain _ib._

” Brigadier-General Sir Charles Hotham, Bart.,
appointed Colonel of the regiment 23

1720. The regiment returned to Ireland _ib._

” Colonel John Pocock appointed Colonel of the
regiment _ib._

1721. Lieut.-Colonel Charles Lenoe appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

1732. Brigadier-General John Moyle appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

1737. Lieut.-Colonel Humphrey Bland appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

1739. The regiment removed from Ireland to Great Britain 24

1740. Part of the regiment embarked for the West Indies _ib._

1741. Lieut.-Colonel James Fleming appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

” Operations against _Carthagena_ 25

” Siege of Bocca-Chica and of the Castle of _Lazar_ _ib._

” Return of the expedition to Jamaica 26

” The portion of the regiment which had been employed
on this service returned to England _ib._

1743. The regiment stationed in Great Britain _ib._

1744. War of the Austrian Succession _ib._

” The regiment embarked for Flanders 27

1745. Rebellion in Scotland _ib._

” The regiment returned to England _ib._

1746. Battle of _Falkirk_ 28

” Battle of _Culloden_ 29

” Suppression of the Rebellion 30

1747. The regiment returned to Flanders _ib._

” Battle of _Laffeld_, or _Val_ _ib._

1748. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 31

” The regiment returned to England _ib._

1749. Embarked for Gibraltar _ib._

1751. Colonel Lord Robert Manners appointed Colonel of the
regiment 31

” Royal Warrant of the 1st of July 1751 for ensuring
uniformity in the clothing, standards, and colours
of the army, and regulating the number and rank
of regiments _ib._

1754. The regiment embarked at Gibraltar for England _ib._

” Stationed in North Britain 32

1755. The regiment removed to South Britain _ib._

1756. Augmented to two battalions _ib._

” Encamped at Chatham _ib._

1757. Encamped at Barham Downs _ib._

1758. The second battalion of the THIRTY-SIXTH formed into
a distinct corps, and numbered the _Seventy-fourth_
regiment 33

” The THIRTY-SIXTH regiment formed part of the
expedition against St. Maloes _ib._

” Returned to England 34

” Second expedition to the coast of France _ib._

” Capture of _Cherbourg_ _ib._

” Destruction of the batteries in the bay of St.
Lunaire _ib._

” Return of the regiment to England _ib._

1759. Encamped at Chatham _ib._

1760. Encamped at Sandheath _ib._

1761. Proceeded with the expedition against _Belle-Isle_ 35

” Capture of the island 36

” The regiment returned to England _ib._

1762. Encamped at Sandheath _ib._

1763. Treaty of Fontainebleau concluded _ib._

1764. The regiment embarked for Jamaica _ib._

1765. Major-General Richard Pierson appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

1773. Return of the regiment to England from Jamaica 37

1774. The light company reviewed in Richmond-park by King
George III. _ib._

1775. Embarkation of the regiment for Ireland _ib._

1778. Colonel the Hon. Henry St. John appointed Colonel of
the regiment _ib._

1782. The THIRTY-SIXTH designated the HEREFORDSHIRE
regiment _ib._

” Removed from Ireland to England _ib._

1783. Embarked for the East Indies 38

” Employed against the forces of Tippoo Saib, the
Sultan of Mysore _ib._

” Proceeded to _Mangalore_ _ib._

” Capture of _Cannanore_ 39

1784. Peace concluded with Tippoo Saib _ib._

1785 }
to } The regiment stationed in the Madras presidency _ib._
1788. }

1789. Renewal of hostilities with Tippoo Saib 39

1790. The regiment selected to form part of the force
under Major-General Medows 40

” Advance of the troops towards the Coimbatore country _ib._

” The regiment detached to the relief of Colonel Floyd 41

” Battle of _Sattimungulum_ _ib._

” Battle of _Shawoor_ 46

” Subsequent operations against Tippoo Saib 49

1791. The army reviewed by General Charles Earl Cornwallis 50

” Siege of _Bangalore_ 51

” Capture of that fortress 53

” Advance of troops towards _Seringapatam_ 54

” Returned to Bangalore 55

” Capture of _Nundydroog_ 57

1792. March of the troops towards _Seringapatam_ 58

” Assault of the fortified camp of Tippoo Saib 61

” Siege of _Seringapatam_ 62

” Treaty of peace concluded with Tippoo Saib _ib._

1793. War with France 63

” The regiment ordered to the Coromandel coast _ib._

” Capture of the French settlement of _Pondicherry_ 64

” The regiment returned to Madras _ib._

1794. Stationed at Trichinopoly _ib._

1795. Proceeded to Negapatam _ib._

1796 }
and } Stationed at Warriore _ib._
1797. }

1798. Embarked at Madras for England _ib._

1799. Arrived at Greenhithe, and afterwards proceeded to
Winchester _ib._

” Authorized to bear the word “HINDOOSTAN” on the
regimental colour and appointments _ib._

1800. Embarked for Ireland 65

” Proceeded with an expedition against the coast of
France _ib._

” Landed at _Quiberon_ _ib._

” Embarked at _Minorca_ _ib._

1801. Stationed in that island _ib._

1802. Peace of Amiens _ib._

” The regiment returned to Ireland _ib._

1803. Renewal of the war with France _ib._

1804. A second battalion added to the regiment 66

1805. The first battalion embarked for Germany _ib._

1806. Returned to England 67

” The first battalion embarked for _Buenos Ayres_ _ib._

1807. Operations against _Buenos Ayres_ 68

” Return of the battalion to Europe 69

” Stationed in Ireland _ib._

1808. Embarked for Portugal with the troops under
Lieut.-General the Hon. Sir Arthur Wellesley _ib._

” Battle of _Roleia_ 70

” Authorized to bear the word “ROLEIA” on the regimental
colour and appointments _ib._

1808. Battle of _Vimiera_ 70

” Authorized to bear the word “VIMIERA” on the regimental
colour and appointments 71

” Advance into Spain 72

” Joined the army under Lieut.-General Sir John Moore _ib._

” Retreat on _Corunna_ 73

1809. Battle of _Corunna_ 74

” Authorized to bear the word “CORUNNA” on the regimental
colour and appointments 75

” Embarkation of the battalion for England _ib._

” Proceeded with the expedition to the _Scheldt_ 75

” Arrived at _Walcheren_ _ib._

” Siege and capture of _Flushing_ _ib._

” Casualties of the battalion _ib._

” Returned to England 77

1810. Stationed at Battle _ib._

1811. Embarked for the Peninsula _ib._

” Actions at _Fuentes d’Onor_ _ib._

” Affair of _Barba del Puerco_ _ib._

” Affairs of _Especha_ and _Ronda_ 78

1812. Siege and capture of _Ciudad Rodrigo_ 79

” Siege and capture of Badajoz _ib._

” Battle of _Salamanca_ 80

” Authorized to bear the word “SALAMANCA” on the
regimental colour and appointments 82

” Siege of _Burgos_ _ib._

” Retreat from _Burgos_ _ib._

1813. Battle of _Vittoria_ 83

” Crossing of the _Pyrenees_ _ib._

” Operations near _Pampeluna_ _ib._

” Action at _Sorauren_ _ib._

” Authorized to bear the word “PYRENEES” on the
regimental colour and appointments 84

” Affairs of _Urdax_ _ib._

” Battle of the _Nivelle_ 85

” Authorized to bear the word “NIVELLE” on the
regimental colour and appointments _ib._

” Passage of the _Nive_ 86

” Authorized to bear the word “NIVE” on the regimental
colour and appointments _ib._

” Blockade of _Bayonne_ _ib._

1814. Battle of _Orthes_ 87

” Authorized to bear the word “ORTHES” on the regimental
colour and appointments 88

” Affairs of _Vic Bigorre_ and _Tarbes_ _ib._

” Battle of _Toulouse_ 89

” Authorized to bear the words “TOULOUSE” and “PENINSULA”
on the regimental colour and appointments 91

” Sortie from _Bayonne_ 92

” Termination of the Peninsular war _ib._

” The second battalion disbanded _ib._

1815. Return of Napoleon to France _ib._

” Battle of _Waterloo_ 93

” The regiment embarked for Ostend _ib._

” Marched to Paris _ib._

1815. Returned to England 93

1816. Stationed at Portsmouth _ib._

” Permitted to resume the word “FIRM” on the regimental
colour and appointments 94

1817. Embarked for Malta _ib._

1818. General George Don appointed Colonel of the regiment _ib._

1820. Embarked for the Ionian Islands 95

1821. Casualties from sickness _ib._

1825. Augmentation of establishment 97

” Formed into _six service_ and _four depôt_ companies _ib._

” Returned from the Ionian Islands to England _ib._

1827. Embarked for Ireland _ib._

1829. Lieut.-General Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, Bart.,
appointed Colonel of the regiment 98

1830. Formed into _six service_ and _four depôt_ companies _ib._

” _Service_ companies, embarked for the West Indies _ib._

1833. Removed from Barbadoes to Antigua _ib._

1835. Proceeded to St. Lucia 99

” _Depôt_ companies removed from Ireland to England _ib._

1837. _Service_ companies returned to Barbadoes _ib._

1838. _Depôt_ companies returned to Ireland _ib._

” _Service_ companies embarked for Nova Scotia _ib._

” Complimentary Order prior to embarkation 100

1839. _Service_ companies stationed at Fredericton,
New Brunswick _ib._

1841. Removed to St. John’s, New Brunswick 101

1842. Embarked for Ireland _ib._

1845. Removed from Ireland to Great Britain _ib._

1846. Formed into two battalions _ib._

” Presentation of new colours 102

1847. The first and reserve battalion embarked for the
Ionian Islands _ib._

1848. The reserve battalion employed in suppressing an
insurrection in Cephalonia 103

1849. Part of the first battalion employed on a similar
service 104

” The reserve battalion again employed in operations
connected with the outbreak 105

1850. The establishment of the regiment reduced _ib._

” The reserve consolidated with the first battalion _ib._

1851. The four _depôt_ companies embarked at Cephalonia for
England _ib._

” The _service_ companies proceeded from Corfu to
Barbadoes _ib._

” Major-General the Lord Frederick FitzClarence, G.C.H.,
appointed Colonel of the regiment _ib._

1852. The _service_ companies removed from Barbadoes to
Trinidad _ib._

” The _depôt_ companies proceeded from Parkhurst to
Fort Pembroke Dock _ib._

” CONCLUSION _ib._

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS

OF

THE THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT.

Year. Page.

1701. William Viscount Charlemont 107

1706. Thomas Alnutt 110

1709. Archibald Earl of Ilay 110

1710. Henry Desney 112

1715. William Egerton _ib._

1719. Sir Charles Hotham, Bart. 113

1720. John Pocock _ib._

1721. Charles Lenoe 114

1732. John Moyle _ib._

1737. Humphrey Bland 115

1741. James Fleming _ib._

1751. Lord Robert Manners 116

1765. Sir Richard Pierson, K.B. _ib._

1778. The Honorable Henry St. John _ib._

1818. Sir George Don, G.C.B. 117

1829. Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, Bart. 118

1851. Lord Frederick FitzClarence, G.C.H. 119

APPENDIX.

Page.

Copy of the General Orders issued by the Commander-in-chief
of Madras, upon the regiment being ordered to return to
Great Britain 121

Copy of an Order issued by the Governor in Council upon the
regiment quitting Madras _ib._

Copy of a Letter from Lieut.-General the Honorable Sir Arthur
Wellesley, K.B., to Viscount Castlereagh, Secretary of State,
respecting the exemplary conduct of the regiment at the
battle of Vimiera 122

General orders of the 18th of January and 1st of February
1809, relating to the battle of _Corunna_ and the death of
Lieut.-General Sir John Moore 124

List of regiments which composed the army under
Lieut.-General Sir John Moore 128

Documents relating to the word “FIRM” borne by the regiment 129

Memoir of Lieut.-General Robert Burne, formerly
Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment 133

PLATES.

Page.

Colours of the regiment _to face_ 1

Battle of Vimiera 71

Costume of the regiment 106

QUEEN’S COLOUR.

REGIMENTAL COLOUR.

For Cannon’s Military Records

_Madeley Lith., 3 Wellington S^t., Strand_]

HISTORICAL RECORD

OF

THE THIRTY-SIXTH,

OR THE

HEREFORDSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT.

[Sidenote: 1700.]

Charles II., King of Spain, being affected with a dangerous indisposition, the European powers, in order to prevent the contention which was expected to arise on the decease of that monarch, determined to divide the Spanish territories among the several competitors. The first “_Partition Treaty_” was concluded between France, England, and Holland, on the 29th of August 1698; but a second Treaty was rendered necessary, in consequence of the death of the Electoral Prince of Bavaria, who had been declared heir to the Spanish Crown; accordingly, on the 15th of March 1700, a second Treaty was entered into between the same contracting powers, by which it was arranged that Charles Archduke of Austria, the second son of Leopold Emperor of Germany, should succeed to the throne of Spain, a certain portion of the territories of that Kingdom being, as before, allotted to the Dauphin of France; and the Duke of Lorrain was to receive Milan in exchange for his own country, which was to be given to the French nation.

The long expected demise of the King of Spain occurred on the 1st of November 1700; and that Sovereign, incensed at the dismemberment of his dominions, bequeathed the Spanish monarchy to Philip Duke of Anjou, second son of the Dauphin of France; and Louis XIV., disregarding the treaties to which he had been a party, determined to support his grandson’s accession to the throne of Spain.

The French at this period overran the Spanish Netherlands and seized several strong towns, partly garrisoned by the Dutch, which compelled the States of Holland to acknowledge the Duke of Anjou’s title, with a view of obtaining their soldiers, who were not permitted to return, without difficulty.

[Sidenote: 1701.]

It is a singular circumstance of the time, that King William, seeing the unwillingness of the nation to engage in a fresh war, actually acknowledged the Duke of Anjou as King of Spain, and sent him a letter of congratulation. In May 1701, however, the House of Commons unanimously resolved to assist the Dutch, and provide succours for the States General, in order to maintain the liberties of Europe. Several regiments were in the following month embarked for Holland; and additions were also made to the army and navy.

On the 28th of June 1701 a Royal Warrant was issued authorizing William Viscount Charlemont to raise a regiment in Ireland, which was afterwards numbered the THIRTY-SIXTH.

England might have abstained from open hostilities with France had it not been for the following circumstance:--In the midst of these preparations the decease of James II. occurred at St. Germains on the 16th of September 1701, and his son, the titular Prince of Wales, was immediately proclaimed, by order of Louis XIV., as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by the title of King James III. This indignity to the British Sovereign and Nation, added to the contemplated union of the crowns of France and Spain, made war inevitable; and King William, with the Emperor of Austria and the States General, concluded “_the Grand Alliance_,” the principal objects of which were to procure the Spanish Netherlands as a barrier for the Dutch, and to prevent France and Spain becoming eventually under the sway of the same Prince.

[Sidenote: 1702.]

War was thus on the eve of being proclaimed, when King William met with the accident which terminated in his decease on the 8th of March 1702; the accession of Queen Anne, however, caused no alteration in the policy of her predecessor; and war was declared against France and Spain on the 4th of May following; additional forces were sent to Flanders, and the Earl of Marlborough was appointed to command the British, Dutch, and auxiliary troops, with the rank of Captain-General. The contest which ensued is known as “_the war of the Spanish succession_.”

Six regiments had been added to the regular army in the year 1702 as _marine_ corps, and six other of the regular regiments of infantry (the THIRTY-SIXTH being among the number) were appointed for _sea service_; as shown in the following list:--

The six regiments of marines were,--

Colonel Thomas Saunderson’s, now Thirtieth foot.
Colonel George Villiers’s, now Thirty-first foot.
Colonel Edward Fox’s, now Thirty-second foot.
Colonel Harry Mordaunt’s, disbanded in 1713.
Colonel Henry Holl’s, disbanded in 1713.
Colonel Viscount Shannon’s, disbanded in 1713.

The six regiments of foot for _sea service_ were,--

Colonel Ventris Columbine’s, now Sixth foot.
Colonel Thomas Erle’s, now Nineteenth foot.
Colonel Gustavus Hamilton’s, now Twentieth foot.
Colonel Lord Lucas’s, now Thirty-fourth foot.
Colonel Earl of Donegal’s, now Thirty-fifth foot.
Colonel Viscount Charlemont’s, now THIRTY-SIXTH foot.

The following is a copy of the Royal Warrant for levying this body of men, which was dated the 1st of June 1702.

“ANNE R.

“Our pleasure is, that this establishment of _six regiments of
marines_ and six other regiments for _sea service_ do commence
and take place from the respective times of _raising_.

“And our further pleasure is, that the order given by our dearest
brother, the late King deceased, and such orders as are, or shall
be, given by us, touching the pay or entertainment of our said
forces, or any of them, or any charges thereunto belonging, shall
be duly complied with; and that no new charge be added to this
establishment without being communicated to our High Treasurer or
Commissioners of our Treasury for the time being.

“_Given at our Court at St. James’s, on the first day
“of June, in the first year of our reign.

“By Her Majesty’s command,_

“GODOLPHIN.”

Prior to the decease of King William the reduction of Cadiz had been contemplated, after which it was resolved to embark an expedition against the possessions of Spain in the West Indies. Queen Anne following out this policy, it was arranged that a combined fleet of English and Dutch ships, consisting of fifty sail of the line, besides frigates, under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and a land force, amounting to nearly fourteen thousand men, under the command of the Duke of Ormond, should proceed to the coast of Spain. The following corps were selected for this service, namely,--

Officers
and Men.

Lloyd’s dragoons, now Third light dragoons (detachment) 275
Foot guards, the Grenadier and Coldstream 755
Sir H. Bellasis, now Second foot 834
Churchill’s, now Third foot 834
Seymour’s, now Fourth foot 834
Columbine’s, now Sixth foot 724
O’Hara’s, three companies, now Seventh Royal fusiliers 313
Erle’s, now Nineteenth foot 724
Gustavus Hamilton’s, now Twentieth foot 724
Villiere’s marines, five companies, now Thirty-first foot 520
Fox’s marines, now Thirty-second foot 834
Donegal’s, now Thirty-fifth foot 724
Charlemont’s, now Thirty-sixth foot 724
Shannon’s marines 834
-----
9,653
Dutch regiments commanded by Major-General }
Baron Sparre and Brigadier Pallandt } 3,924
------
13,577
======

The THIRTY-SIXTH regiment, having been selected as part of the force to share in this enterprise, was withdrawn from Ireland, and proceeded to the Isle of Wight in June 1702, and embarked for Cadiz in July.

In the Harleian Manuscripts at the British Museum, the embarkation return of the regiment is preserved, of which the following is a copy:--

_The Right Hon^{ble} ye Lord Viscount Charlemont’s Reg^t._

_Captains._ _Lieutenants._

{ W^m Lord Charlemont, James Crofton
{ _Colonel._
On board { Charles Wills, W^m Whitaker
the { _Lieut.-Colonel_.
Grey. { Arthur Moore, _Major_ Jas. Bamber
{ Thos. Alnutt Alex. Foster
{ Henry Frankland James Brough

_Ensigns._ _Serjts._ _Corpls._ _Drs._ _Centinels._

Tho^s Caulfeild 2 3 2 43
Mich^l Merritt 2 3 2 42
Rog^r Mosten 2 3 2 44
W^m King 2 3 2 43
---- 2 3 2 40

On board { Hen. Fulvile Hen. Fitzhugh
the { Jno. Hutchinson And^w Dunbar
Ruth. { Medburn Smith Rob^t Ennis
{ Jno. Dentilly Anth. Callion

Wm. Cuffe 2 3 2 43
Wm. Musgrave 2 3 2 42
Wm. Airs 2 3 2 42
---- 2 3 2 44

On board { James Brathwait Alex. Crage
the { Josias Campbell ----
Friendship. { Wm. Edwards Jno. Mabbott

Wm. Levinston 2 3 2 43
Jno. Lloyd 2 3 2 44
Wm. Hargrave 2 3 2 44

12 11
10 24 36 24 514

On board { Tobias Caulfeild, _Chaplain_.
the Grey. { Robt. Wilson, _Adjt. & Quarter Master_.

On board { Laur. Bondelt, _Surgeon_.
the Ruth. { Jno. Robins, _Surgeon’s Mate_.

_Detached of ye Regt., and put on board ye Vulture Fireshipp,
one Lieutenant, one Sergt, one Corpll., and twenty-six men._

(_Signed_) AR. MOORE.

The difference in the number embarked, as shown in the foregoing document, and that specified against the THIRTY-SIXTH in the list of regiments ordered to proceed to Cadiz, arises from the establishment being given in the first instance, while the embarkation return has reference only to effectives.

The armament appeared off Cadiz on the 12th of August, and the Duke of Ormond summoned the place; his terms being refused, a landing was effected between Rota and Fort St. Catherine on the 15th of that month, where the troops encountered and repulsed some Spanish cavalry. St. Catherine’s fort was compelled to surrender, and Port St. Mary’s was occupied by the British troops; the expedition, however, proved not of sufficient force to capture Cadiz, which was found much stronger and better garrisoned than was expected from the information which had been received in England prior to the fitting out of the armament, and the soldiers returned on board the fleet. The THIRTY-SIXTH regiment was afterwards detached from Cadiz to the West Indies with a division of the royal navy under Commodore Walker, and sailed on this service on the 24th of September.

[Sidenote: 1703.]

A powerful armament was prepared for the attack of the French and Spanish settlements in the West Indies in 1703, but this enterprise was subsequently abandoned.

[Sidenote: 1704.]

After losing several men from the effects of the climate, the regiment was withdrawn from the West Indies, and was stationed in Ireland in the year 1704.

[Sidenote: 1705.]

The successes obtained by the Duke of Marlborough in Flanders and Germany led to an attempt to place the Archduke Charles of Austria on the throne of Spain by force of arms. In the former year Gibraltar had been captured by the combined English and Dutch fleets, and in connexion with these events the THIRTY-SIXTH regiment was embarked from Ireland in April 1705, in order to proceed with the force under the Earl of Peterborough.

The design of this expedition was either to aid the Duke of Savoy in driving the French out of Italy, to make an attempt on Naples and Sicily, or to further the progress of the Archduke in Spain. The fleet arrived at Lisbon in June, and additional forces were embarked; at the same time the Archduke Charles went on board the fleet to share in the toils and dangers inseparable from the enterprise. From Lisbon the expedition proceeded to Gibraltar, where it was joined by the Prince of Hesse Darmstadt and a reinforcement from the garrison.

The fleet next proceeded to the bay of Altea, in Valencia, and there the officers and soldiers had opportunities of observing the attachment of the inhabitants of that part of Spain to the Austrian Prince. A thousand Catalonians and Valentians who had thrown off their allegiance to the house of Bourbon, and had acknowledged the Archduke Charles as the Sovereign of Spain, seized on the town of Denia, while others made demonstrations of giving effectual aid to the expedition; such a spirit of enterprise was evinced by King Charles, the Earl of Peterborough, the Prince of Hesse Darmstadt, and others, that both officers and men became imbued with the ardent zeal of their superiors, and resolved to effect something great and remarkable.

Under these feelings, the celebrated city of _Barcelona_, the capital of Catalonia, and one of the most ancient towns in Spain, was selected as the scene of the first attempt. Its situation on a plain near the sea, with a mole capable of containing only galleys and small ships, defended by ten bastions, several old towers, and other works, with a strong castle and citadel named _Montjuich_, on a hill on the west side, and commanding the town; the garrison consisting of between five and six thousand men under the Viceroy of Catalonia, Don Francisco de Velasco, while the besieging army was unable to bring more than seven thousand men into the lines; these circumstances, with the fact that in 1697 this fortress resisted the Duke of Vendôme, with a French army of thirty thousand men, eight weeks with open trenches, and cost the French monarch twelve thousand men, gave an interesting and romantic character to the enterprise, in which the THIRTY-SIXTH, and other regiments employed, gained much honour. It is also to be noticed, that it was the same Prince of Hesse Darmstadt who was now engaged in capturing what he had before so nobly defended; for it was a question whether the Duke of Vendôme gained more glory by the taking, than the Prince of Darmstadt by defending Barcelona, when employed in the Spanish service.

The Earl of Peterborough landed his troops on the 23d and 24th of August near the river Bassoz, about three miles east of _Barcelona_. On the 28th of that month, King Charles came on shore, and several of the inhabitants of the neighbouring towns and villages greeted his landing with great acclamations. The progress of the siege was, however, retarded by opposite opinions and views entertained by the superior officers. It was at length determined to surprise the detached fortress of _Montjuich_, as proposed by the Prince of Hesse Darmstadt. The storming party of four hundred grenadiers, selected from the various corps employed in the siege, with a support of six hundred musketeers, commenced its march in the night of Sunday the 13th of September, round the mountains, and were followed by another detachment and a party of dragoons. The greater part of the way not being passable for above one man abreast, and the night very dark, the first detachment was nearly twelve hours on the march, and did not arrive at the foot of the mountain until break of day of the 14th of September; some Miquelets, in the service of the enemy, gave the alarm to the troops in the castle and in the town, so that the Prince of Hesse, on his arrival, found the garrison in arms, with guards in the outworks, who received the Confederates with a general discharge of artillery and small arms. Upon this the Prince of Hesse, and the Viscount Charlemont, Colonel of the THIRTY-SIXTH regiment, (who commanded on the 14th of September as Brigadier, in consequence of the indisposition of the Dutch Brigadier Schonenberg,) ordered Lieut.-Colonel Southwell, of the Sixth foot, to commence the attack with the grenadiers; this service was performed with signal intrepidity and resolution. Upon this success the Prince of Hesse Darmstadt advanced to possess himself of a post which would prevent the enemy’s communication with the town, and in the attempt was mortally wounded. The loss of this officer damped the spirits of the soldiers;--the enemy, perceiving some disorder amongst the Confederates, called out, “Long live King Charles!” and invited the assailants to come to them; upon Colonel Allen’s advance to the fort, with about two hundred and fifty men, the Spaniards opened the gate the better to conceal their stratagem, but immediately fired upon the men, and compelled this detachment to surrender; at the same time, a large reinforcement was seen advancing from the town to aid the garrison in the castle, whereupon the troops were seized with a panic, and Lord Charlemont, with other officers, endeavoured to counteract the disorder which ensued.