Chapter XVII: ) shows clearly that the ὀξύβαφον was a small measure, (2)

Among vases which do not exactly fall under the heading of any particular shape may be noted certain types of moulded vases, and those with reliefs modelled on them or attached. Many of these almost fall under the category of terracotta figures, but still must be reckoned as vases, even when painted in the methods of terracottas rather than pottery. Such are the large aski described on page 119, and the contemporary ornamental vases modelled in the form of female heads, of Maenads, or of Athena (as B.M. G 1). Other types we have described elsewhere,[735] such as the rhyta ending in animals’ heads, the kanthari and rhyta of the R.F. period in the form of human or Dionysiac heads, and the analogous vases of the archaic period. Again, there are such forms as the flasks with flat circular bodies, and the large pyxides which are often found in Southern Italy.[736] They usually bear a subject in relief, covered with a white slip and painted in pink and blue, like the Canosa vases; a specimen from Pompeii, with rich remains of colouring, has lately been acquired by the British Museum. The curious type of vase sometimes found in Sicily, with a tall conical cover, the ornamentation being partly in encaustic, partly in gilded relief, has been already mentioned.[737] There is also a late variety of the so-called kernos (p. 195), consisting of four cups united on an elaborate fluted stand, of which the British Museum possesses two good examples.[738]

It should be borne in mind that all these exceptional shapes are probably imitations of metal-work, perhaps made for the benefit of those who could not afford the more expensive material, just as imitation jewellery was sometimes made in gilt terracotta. Throughout the Hellenistic period (to which the classes we are discussing chiefly belong), the universal tendency is to substitute metal vases for pottery, and moulded or relief-wares for painted decoration, and the potter, finding the painted vases were no longer appreciated, was forced to confine himself to imitating metal, and thus keep abreast with the new fashion. The whole subject of the plastic decoration of vases has been more fully dealt with elsewhere (Chapter XI.).

-----

Footnote 447:

L. 64.

Footnote 448:

“And in earthenware baked in the fire, within the closure of figured
urns, there came among the goodly folk of Hera the prize of the
olive-fruit” (Myers).

Footnote 449:

“And he won five garlands in succession at the Panathenaic games,
amphorae full of oil” (Frag. 155, _ed._ Bergk = _Anth. P._ xiii. 19).
See also Schol. _in_ Ar. _Nub._ 1005, and _Inscr. Gr._ (_Atticae_),
ii. 965_b_.

Footnote 450:

Cf. Schol. _in_ Plat. _Hipp. Min._ 368 C: Λήκυθον δὲ ἀγγεῖόν τι φασίν
οἱ Ἀττικοὶ ἐων ᾡ τοῖς νεκροῖς ἕφερον τὸ μύρον.

Footnote 451:

“And raise the great goblets, or if, Oikis, thou desirest aught else
... pour in and mix one and two full up to the brim, and let the one
goblet oust the other.”

Footnote 452:

_Graec. Ling. Dialect_, i. p. 247.

Footnote 453:

viii. 381: see also p. 50.

Footnote 454:

See p. 499.

Footnote 455:

Suet. _Ner._ 47: see Robert, _Homer. Becher_, and _Class. Review_,
1894, p. 325. The British Museum possesses a silver phiale, with
terracotta replicas (G 117, 118), one of which is shown on Plate
XLVIII. See also p. 500.

Footnote 456:

Cf. the use of the word δημόσιον on bronze and lead weights.

Footnote 457:

Egger in _Revue Archéol._ xvi. (1867), p. 292.

Footnote 458:

See Hultsch, _Metrologie_, p. 99 ff.

Footnote 459:

Arist. _Categ._ 12; also Polybius, iv. 56, ἡτοίμασαν οίνου κεράμια
μύρια.

Footnote 460:

B.M. F 175.

Footnote 461:

Other instances are: Millingen-Reinach, 2; Munich 423; Reinach, i.
291–92.

Footnote 462:

Cf. B.M. E 534–37, 548–53; also Stackelberg, _Gräber der Hellenen_,
pl. 17. Fig. 15 is from the vase F 101 in the British Museum.

Footnote 463:

Cf. B.M. F 457–66.

Footnote 464:

_Suppl._ 463.

Footnote 465:

_E.g._ B.M. E 494. See also Chapter XV.

Footnote 466:

See Schol. _in_ Ar. _Ran._ 218, and _J.H.S._ xx. p. 110 ff.

Footnote 467:

For explanation and parallels see Frazer, _Golden Bough_, ii. p. 119
ff.

Footnote 468:

Raoul-Rochette in _Revue Archéol._ viii. (1851), p. 112: see also
Theocr. xv. 113 ff.

Footnote 469:

_Revue Archéol. l.c._ p. 118; Mart. xi. 19; Pliny, _H.N._ xix. 59.

Footnote 470:

_Hist. Plant._ vi. 7.

Footnote 471:

Pernice in _Jahrbuch_, 1899, p. 60 ff. He would also regard the
so-called σμηματοθήκη (see p. 198) as a vase of this class; but this
seems much more doubtful. See also p. 167, under πλημοχόη.

Footnote 472:

Cf. Böhlau, _Ion. u. Ital. Nekrop._ p. 39; Berlin 1108.

Footnote 473:

Pernice’s arguments have been directly impugned by Kouroniotes in Ἐφ.
Ἀρχ. 1899, p. 233, and by Robinson in _Boston Mus. Report_, p. 73;
and it certainly seems more probable that metal vessels would have
been used for this purpose; moreover, the form of the θυμιατήριον is
well known. But he has personally assured the present writer that the
clay κώθωνες show traces internally of the use of fire.

Footnote 474:

Reinach, i. 235 = Naples 3255.

Footnote 475:

See p. 214.

Footnote 476:

_Adv. Leoch._ 1086, 1089.

Footnote 477:

Cf. _B.M. Cat. of Sculpture_, i. p. 297.

Footnote 478:

See note on p. 132 above. The custom seems to have been specially in
favour in the fourth century B.C.

Footnote 479:

_E.g._ B.M. D 65, 70–1; _J.H.S._ xix. pl. 2. On the subject
generally, see _ibid._ p. 169 ff.

Footnote 480:

Fig. 20 = F 93, a Lucanian hydria in the British Museum, is a very
fine instance, several of the vases being represented with painted
subjects. Among them is a Panathenaic amphora (see above, p. 132), on
which is depicted a chariot-race.

Footnote 481:

_Il._ xxiii. 253.

Footnote 482:

Q. Smyrn. iii. 737.

Footnote 483:

It no doubt suggested Tennyson’s “Two handfuls of white dust, shut in
an urn of brass.” Cf. l. 1142 (κήτει).

Footnote 484:

_Brit. School Annual_, 1901–2, pls. 18–19, p. 298; _Mon. Antichi_, i.
p. 201, pls. 1–2.

Footnote 485:

B 130: see also p. 46.

Footnote 486:

No. 2422 = Furtwaengler and Reichhold, pl. 34.

Footnote 487:

E 811: see for other instances, Jahn, _Vasensamml. zu München_, p.
lxxxv, note 600, and p. 39 above.

Footnote 488:

_Cat. of Terracottas_, C 12.

Footnote 489:

Mr. J. L. Myres, on opening a tomb at Amathus, in Cyprus, in 1894,
found jugs, bowls, and other kinds of vases ranged round the body,
like a dinner-service set out on a table.

Footnote 490:

A good instance is the Python krater in the British Museum (F 149),
one of the handles of which has been repaired with lead. See also
Jahn, _Vasens. zu München_, p. ci, note 731; B.M. B 607, B 608, E
106; Berlin 1768.

Footnote 491:

Gerhard, _Auserl. Vasenb._ ii. 145 = Reinach, ii. 75.

Footnote 492:

_Rev. Arch._ iii. (1904), p. 50.

Footnote 493:

Juvenal, xiv. 308.

Footnote 494:

_Vespae_, 1437.

Footnote 495:

The use of this form of vase is further illustrated by the
_hydrophoria_-scenes on B.F. vases, in which it constantly occurs.
See below, p. 166.

Footnote 496:

B.M. A 1054, B 450; Boeckh, _C.I.G._ i. 545.

Footnote 497:

See Chapter XVII., where examples are given.

Footnote 498:

Cf. also Bk. v. 198 ff.

Footnote 499:

x. 62 ff.

Footnote 500:

_Recherches sur les véritables Noms des Vases Grecs_, Paris, 1829.

Footnote 501:

_Observations sur les Noms des Vases Grecs_, etc., Paris, 1833, and
_Supplément_, 1837–38.

Footnote 502:

_Rapporto Volcente_ in _Ann. dell’ Inst._ 1831, p. 221 ff.; and in
criticism of Letronne, _Berlins ant. Bildwerke_, i. p. 342 ff., and
_Ann. dell’ Inst._ 1836, p. 147 ff.

Footnote 503:

_Handbuch d. Archäol._ § 298–301.

Footnote 504:

_Ueber die hellenischen bemalten Vasen_, Munich, 1844.

Footnote 505:

_De Nominibus Vasorum Graecorum_, Kopenhagen, 1844. This work is very
useful for its exhaustive references to classical literature. It is
also critically up to the mark.

Footnote 506:

_Angeiologie_, Halle, 1854.

Footnote 507:

_Vasensamml. zu München_, p. lxxxvi ff. (1854).

Footnote 508:

There are some very useful articles in Daremberg and Saglio’s
_Dictionnaire_ under the respective headings, so far as the work has
appeared (down to M in 1904).

Footnote 509:

Cf. also xi. 462 D.

Footnote 510:

Pliny (_H.N._ iii. 82) states that the island of Pithecusa (the
modern Ischia) was so called not from πίθηκος, an ape, but from πίθος
(_a figulinis doliorum_), implying that wine-casks were made here in
antiquity, as they are at the present day.

Footnote 511:

Athen. xi. 465 A, and cf. 495 B; _Il._ xxiv. 527; see Ussing, p. 33,
and Suidas, _s.v._ The comic poets also speak of a πιθάκνη, or small
πίθος, used for holding wine at festivals.

Footnote 512:

See Chapter XX., and a relief in the Villa Albani, Helbig,
_Führer_^2, ii. p. 56, No. 853; cf. also Hesychius, ἐν πίθῳ, and Ar.
_Eq._ 792.

Footnote 513:

See Chapter XIV. (Fig. 126).

Footnote 514:

B.M. B 464, F 210.

Footnote 515:

_Op. et Di._ 98; the word has been confused with πυξίς, meaning a
box. See _J.H.S._ xx. p. 99.

Footnote 516:

Hesych. _s.v._; Pollux, vii. 163.

Footnote 517:

This must be distinguished from κάναβος (see p. 111), a skeleton
frame on which statues were modelled. See _Geoponica_, vi. 3, p. 4;
Pollux, vii. 164; Jahn in _Ber. d. sächs. Gesellsch._ 1854, p. 42;
Blümner, _Technologie_, ii. p. 42.

Footnote 518:

_Brit. School Annual_, 1899–1900, p. 22; cf. _Amer. Journ. of Arch._
1901, p. 404.

Footnote 519:

_Ath. Mitth._ 1903, pp. 96 ff., 140 ff., Beilagen 1–5.

Footnote 520:

_Troja und Ilion_, i. p. 315.

Footnote 521:

See Pottier, _Louvre Cat._ ii. p. 381 ff.; _Ath. Mitth._ 1886, pl. 4;
_Röm. Mitth._ xii. (1897), p. 256; _Arch. Zeit._ 1881, p. 44 ff.;
Kekulé, _Terracotten von Sicilien_, pls. 55–7, 60; and p. 496.

Footnote 522:

Hom. _Il._ xxiii. 170; _Od._ ii. 290, ix. 164; _Inscr. Gr._
(_Atticae_), ii. 965 _b_ (oil); and see Chap. XXI., _s.v._ See also
Jahn, _Vasens. zu München_, p. xcii, and cf. the amphora in Rome with
the oil-selling scene (Helbig, 70 = Reinach, i. p. 106).

Footnote 523:

ἀμφιφορεύς, from ἀμφί, “on either side,” and φέρω, “I carry.”
Athenaeus (xi. 501 A) explains it as ὁ ἑκατέρωθεν κατὰ τὰ ὧτα
δυνάμενος φέρεσθαι.

Footnote 524:

_Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit._ 2nd Ser. iii. (1850), p. 7.

Footnote 525:

Dumont, _Inscrs. Céramiques_, pl. 9.

Footnote 526:

The order here given is that suggested by H. von Gaertringen in
_Inscr. Gr._ xii. pt. 1, p. 8.

Footnote 527:

Dumont, _Inscrs. Céramiques_, pl. 6; see also _Revue Archéol._ N.S.
iii. (1861), pls. 9, 10, p. 283.

Footnote 528:

_Jahrbücher für Philol._ Suppl. xvii. (1890), p. 281.

Footnote 529:

Boeckh, _C.I.G._ ii. 2121.

Footnote 530:

_Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit._ iii. (1850), p. 84.

Footnote 531:

_C.I.L._ iv. 2584; other examples from Pompeii are given in Chapter
XXI.

Footnote 532:

Stoddart in _Trans. Roy. Soc. Lit._ 2nd Ser. iii. (1850), p. 1 ff.,
iv. (1853), p. 1 ff.; Boeckh, _C.I.G._ iii. Nos. 5375–5392,
5555–5566, 5751 (Sicily); _Philologus_, 1851, p. 278 ff. (Sicily);
_Jahrb. für Philol._ Suppl.-Bd. xviii. p. 520 ff.; _Abh. d.
phil.-phil. Kl. d. k. bayer. Akad. d. Wiss._ ii. (1837), p. 781 ff.;
_Mélanges Gréco-Romaines_, i. p. 416 ff. (Olbia); Dumont, _Inscrs.
Céramiques de Grèce_, Paris, 1872; _Ath. Mitth._ 1896, p. 127 ff.;
_Jahrb. für Philol._ Suppl.-Bd. iv. p. 453, v. p. 447, x. pp. 1, 207
(Olbia); _Inscr. Gr._ (_Ins. Maris Aegaei_), xii. pp. 175–203, Nos.
1065–1441 (amphora-handles from Rhodes); and other references already
given.

Footnote 533:

_E.g._ Athens 657.

Footnote 534:

_Bull. de Corr. Hell._ 1898, pls. 4, 6; Plate XLVII.

Footnote 535:

_E.g._ Baumeister, iii. p. 1975, fig. 2114; Athens 688, 690.

Footnote 536:

_Berlins ant. Bildw._ p. 346; see also Thiersch, _Tyrrhen. Amphoren_,
p. 1 ff.

Footnote 537:

See below, p. 388, and Karo in _J.H.S._ xix. p. 147 ff.

Footnote 538:

See note 536 above; also p. 324.

Footnote 539:

A “transitional” example has recently been published by Hartwig in
_Röm. Mitth._ 1901, pl. 5, p. 117.

Footnote 540:

See also Plate XXXV.

Footnote 541:

Cf. B 603–609 with F 331, 332 in the Fourth Vase Room of the Brit.
Mus. But it appears in Southern Italy at an earlier period than the
fourth century; see Patroni, _Ceram. Antica_, p. 138, and below, p.
485.

Footnote 542:

See for examples F 339, 340 in Brit. Mus., and Patroni, _Ceramica
Antica_, p. 142.

Footnote 543:

See Patroni, _Ceramica Antica_, p. 79.

Footnote 544:

Instances in B.M., E 350, and Brussels Museum (Noel des Vergers,
_Étrurie_, pls. 32–36); also a plain wine-amphora of this form,
dredged up from the sea, in the Terracotta Room, British Museum, Case
51.

Footnote 545:

See Pollux, x. 78; Athen. xi. 495 A. The former gives πελίκα as an
Aeolic synonym of λεκάνη.

Footnote 546:

B.F. “pelikae” in B.M., B 190–192.

Footnote 547:

x. 72. Cf. also Plat. Com. _apud_ Athen. xi. 783 D.

Footnote 548:

_Lys._ 196. See also Demosth. _Lacr._ 933, where eighty stamni of
sour wine are mentioned.

Footnote 549:

Οἰνοδόχον ἀγγεῖον, _ad Il._ xviii. 1163, 23. Cf. also Herodotos, i.
194; Xen. _Anab._ i. 9, 25.

Footnote 550:

Lucian, _Meretr. dial._ 14; Athen, iii. 116 F.

Footnote 551:

xi. 784 D.

Footnote 552:

Pollux, vi. 14.

Footnote 553:

_Vesp._ 676, and Schol. _ad loc._

Footnote 554:

See below for an account of this word (p. 176).

Footnote 555:

xi. 499 B, _q.v._ for several quotations illustrative of this word;
also _Anth. P._ vi. 248 (στειναύχην).

Footnote 556:

_Quaest. Conviv._ i. 1, 5, p. 614 E (λαγυνίς): cf. Phaedr. i. 26, 8.

Footnote 557:

Hesych. _s.v._ βυτίον.

Footnote 558:

See for a fine instance, _Brit. Mus. Cat. of Bronzes_, 650.

Footnote 559:

Cf. Hdt. iii. 20; Athen. xi. 483 D; Hor. _Od._ iv. 11, 2; 12, 17.

Footnote 560:

_Av._ 1032; _Eccl._ 1002.

Footnote 561:

Ussing, p. 45. Cf. Pind. _Ol._ vi. 68; also Schol. _in Nem._ x. 64.

Footnote 562:

xi. 496 A. See _Boston Mus. Report_, 1899, p. 73.

Footnote 563:

Cf. 327 with 539. See for other mentions of the word, Ussing, p. 44.

Footnote 564:

_Trapezitae_, 33; cf. Lucian, _Hermot._ 40, 57 (κάλπις), and Chap.
XXI.

Footnote 565:

Soph. _O.C._ 473, λαβὰς ἀμφιστόμους. He is here speaking of a κρατήρ,
but in l. 478 he calls the same vase a κρωσσός.

Footnote 566:

Cf. also Aesch. _Fr._ 91, and Eur. _Cycl._ 89; _Ion_, 1173; Theocr.
xiii. 46.

Footnote 567:

Mosch. iv. 34; _Anth. P._ vii. 710.

Footnote 568:

_Alex._ 20.

Footnote 569:

Hesych. _s.v._; Pollux, viii. 66.

Footnote 570:

xi. 495 A.

Footnote 571:

Cf. Hdt. i. 25 and the Sigean inscription (Roberts, _Gk. Epigraphy_,
i. p. 78).

Footnote 572:

Examples of such painted stands in the B.M. are A 383–85, 464
(Geometrical); A 1349; B 167 (does not belong to the amphora below
which it is placed). A 741 is unpainted; F 279 is placed on an
ornamental open stand of bronze.

Footnote 573:

See Hdt. iv. 61, 152; Athen. xi. 472 A and v. 198 D, 199 B, 199 E.

Footnote 574:

See p. 246 and Plate XII.

Footnote 575:

The Aristonoös krater (see p. 297) is almost of the Mycenaean form,
and represents the transition to the Corinthian. Cf. also _Notizie
degli Scavi_, 1895, p. 185, for one found at Syracuse.

Footnote 576:

For specimens found at Corinth, see _Amer. Journ. of Arch._ 1898, p.
196; the form is also depicted on the Corinthian pinakes (_Ant.
Denkm._ i. pl. 8, Nos. 12, 18).

Footnote 577:

xi. 475 D. But Couve, in his valuable article in Daremberg and
Saglio’s _Dictionnaire_ (_s.v._ Kelebe), is equally confident that
the passage implies a kind of krater.

Footnote 578:

The Antaios krater in the Louvre, G 103.

Footnote 579:

See _Berlins Ant. Bildw._ p. 358, No. 18.

Footnote 580:

Cf. _B.M. Cat. of Vases_, iv. p. 6.

Footnote 581:

Cf. F 37, 269–73 in B.M.

Footnote 582:

See Chap. XVIII; Patroni, _Ceramica Antica_, p. 25; _Röm. Mitth._
1897, p. 201 ff.

Footnote 583:

_E.g._ Fig. 108, p. 482.

Footnote 584:

Cf. Plat. _Symp._ 214 A, where it is described as holding more than
eight kotylae.

Footnote 585:

_J.H.S._ xix. pl. 6, p. 141; cf. _Arch. Anzeiger_, 1889, p. 91;
Daremberg and Saglio, i. p. 821, fig. 1026.

Footnote 586:

A vase of the same type, but probably used as a “puzzle-jug,” is
published in the _Bull. de Corr. Hell._ xix. pls. 19, 20.

Footnote 587:

E 767, 768, the latter signed by Duris; see also _J.H.S._ _l.c._
Another good example is the Euphronios psykter in Petersburg (p. 431).

Footnote 588:

Cf. Athen. xi. 503 C and 467 D. In § 467 F he identifies the δεῖνος
with the ποδανίπτηρ; this use would be parallel to the Homeric use of
the λέβης for washing (see below).

Footnote 589:

Cf. Schol. _in Ar. Nub._ 280, 1472 ff.

Footnote 590:

Cf. the use of the word λέβης for a cinerary urn by Aeschylus and
Sophokles (_Ag._ 444; _Cho._ 686; _El._ 1401).

Footnote 591:

xi. 470 D. An example in the B.M. is F 306.

Footnote 592:

_E.g._ _Il._ xxi. 362; _Od._ xix. 386.

Footnote 593:

iv. 61.

Footnote 594:

_E.g._ B.M. B 221, B 328.

Footnote 595:

Paus. v. 10, 4.

Footnote 596:

Thuc. iv. 100.

Footnote 597:

Hence the word χυτρισμός. Cf. the episode in Ar. _Thesm._ 505 ff.

Footnote 598:

ix. 113–14.

Footnote 599:

Cf. Ar. _Ach._ 1076.

Footnote 600:

_Op. et Di._ 748.

Footnote 601:

_Ran._ 505.

Footnote 602:

vi. 89 and x. 66.

Footnote 603:

x. 66.

Footnote 604:

Eur. _Fr._ 373; Pherekr. Δουλοδ. 4 (_apud_ Athen. xi. 480 B).

Footnote 605:

_B.M. Vases_, iv. G 194.

Footnote 606:

Roberts, _Gk. Epigraphy_, i. p. 78.

Footnote 607:

v. 195 C, 199 E: see also Pollux, vi. 100; Plut. _Alex._ 20.

Footnote 608:

Ussing, p. 116; Poll. x. 77.

Footnote 609:

_Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture_, i. p. 166, No. 325_{11}.

Footnote 610:

Hdt. i. 200.

Footnote 611:

Athen. xi. 494 A (ποτήριον). See also Liddell and Scott, _s.v._

Footnote 612:

See Liddell and Scott, _s.v._

Footnote 613:

Cf. B.M. Nos. 587, 588, etc.; also _Olympia_, iv. pl. 34.

Footnote 614:

_Cat._ 1727.

Footnote 615:

See Chapter XIV.

Footnote 616:

Cf. Hom. _Od._ iii. 468, iv. 128, x. 361; _Il._ x. 576; also _J.H.S._
Suppl. iv. p. 139.

Footnote 617:

_E.g._ F 332 in B.M. (Plate XLV.). An early specimen is given by
Wolters in _Jahrbuch_, 1898, p. 26; 1899, p. 126.

Footnote 618:

See Pollux, x. 76–78; Ar. _Av._ 840, 1143, _Vesp._ 600; Schol. _in
Pac._ 1244; Boeckh, _C.I.G._ ii. 3071; and generally, Ussing, p. 118.
The name has been conventionally given to a kind of jar; see above,
p. 164.

Footnote 619:

Budge, _Life and Exploits of Alexander_, p. 4 ff.

Footnote 620:

See p. 137, and B.M. E 533 ff., 548 ff.

Footnote 621:

Cf. the modern superstition against crossing a knife and fork on a
plate.

Footnote 622:

vi. 46.

Footnote 623:

xi. 479 F; cf. Boeckh, _C.I.G._ i. 150, line 30 = B.M. _Inscrs._ 29.

Footnote 624:

_Od._ i. 136; xviii. 398.

Footnote 625:

_E.g._ B.M. A 1532, B 33, B 52.

Footnote 626:

Athen. x. 425 D (in form ὄλπις); xi. 495 B.

Footnote 627:

German _Schnabelkanne_. This type of mouth is often seen in the
primitive pottery of Cyprus.

Footnote 628:

vi. 103; x. 92.

Footnote 629:

ii. 168.

Footnote 630:

Athen. x. 424 B; xi. 783 F.

Footnote 631:

Ar. _Eq._ 1091; Pollux, x. 63; Theophr. _Char._ 9.

Footnote 632:

Hesych. _s.v._; Pollux, vi. 19; Athen. x. 424 C; Boeckh, _C.I.G._ ii.
2139; Schol. _in_ Ar. _Vesp._ 855.

Footnote 633:

_Ach._ 245 and Schol.

Footnote 634:

_Ach._ 1067 and Schol.; Athen. iv. 169 B; Boeckh, _C.I.G._ i. 161, 3.

Footnote 635:

See also Pollux, x. 66.

Footnote 636:

It should be noted that the cups he describes are always of metal.

Footnote 637:

_Od._ ix. 346, xiv. 78; cf. the description in Theocr. i. 26 ff., and
see below, p. 185; also Ussing, p. 126.

Footnote 638:

xi. 488 ff.; cf. _Il._ xi. 632. It is described by Homer as “studded
with golden nails; and four handles there were; and about each rested
two golden doves; and beneath there were two bottoms.”

Footnote 639:

See Chapter XIII.; and below, p. 186.

Footnote 640:

Poll. vi. 96; Athen. xi. 478 B, F.

Footnote 641:

_Il._ v. 306.

Footnote 642:

Athen. xi. 478 E.

Footnote 643:

_Il._ xxii. 494. See for other instances of its use, _Od._ xv. 312,
xvii. 12 (πύρνον καὶ κοτύλην, “bite and sup”); Schol. _ad_ Ar.
_Plut._ 1054; and Athen. xi. 478–79.

Footnote 644:

_Apud_ Athen. 482 B.

Footnote 645:

_Od._ xiv. 112. See Athenaeus, xi. 498 for quotations; also Eur.
_Cycl._ 256, 390, 556, and Liddell and Scott, _s.v._

Footnote 646:

Athen. xi. 500 A; Macrob. v. 21, 16.

Footnote 647:

_E.g._ _B.M. Cat. of Bronzes_, 1244, 1272, 1309–14; Stephani,
_Ausruhende Herakles_, pp. 151 ff., 195 ff.

Footnote 648:

Ἡράκλειος δεσμός (500 A).

Footnote 649:

The sculptor Mys made a σκύφος Ἡρακλεωτικός with the sack of Troy
chased upon it (Athen. xi. 782 B).

Footnote 650:

In _C.I.G._ ii. 2852 silver σκύφοι chased with figures of animals are
recorded among the offerings in the temple of Apollo at Branchidae.

Footnote 651:

xi. 495 A.

Footnote 652:

_E.g._ B.M. E 152, and see _Cat._ iii. p. 14. The owl and
olive-branch seem to have been official marks; they appear on coins
and dicasts’ tickets.

Footnote 653:

xi. 783 D; 495 C; cf. Theocr. i. 25.

Footnote 654:

Cf. B.M. B 77, 78; _J.H.S._ xiii. p. 78.

Footnote 655:

xi. 784 D.

Footnote 656:

See _id._ xi. 477 E.

Footnote 657:

The word also occurs in Horace (_Od._ ii. 7, 22) for a large wine-cup.

Footnote 658:

_E.g._ B.M. B 370, 371, 681.

Footnote 659:

Robert, _Homerische Becker_, p. 3.

Footnote 660:

xi. 481 D.

Footnote 661:

xi. 782 F, 500 F.

Footnote 662:

Cf. Macrob. v. 21: _pocula procera ac navibus similia_. In
illustration of the resemblance of a bowl to a ship we may cite the
story of the wise men of Gotham, also the golden bowl of the Sun (p.
181), and the form of the Welsh coracle.

Footnote 663:

F 596.

Footnote 664:

Athen. xi. 483 B.

Footnote 665:

Cf. Ar. _Eq._ 600, and see the account of this cup given by Plutarch,
_Lycurg._ 9. The word for the inner rim or lip is ἄμβων (Pollux, vi.
97; Critias _apud_ Athen. xi. 483 B; see _ibid._ viii. p. 347 B). The
shape formerly regarded as a κώθων on account of its recurved lip has
been thought by Pernice to have been used for incense (_Jahrbuch_,
1899, p. 60); but see above, p. 140.

Footnote 666:

Boeckh, _C.I.G._ i. 161.

Footnote 667:

_Pac._ 1094.

Footnote 668:

Athen. xi. 483 F.

Footnote 669:

_Ibid._ 473 D.

Footnote 670:

Macrob. v. 21.

Footnote 671:

See _J.H.S._ xviii. p. 288. For typical examples see Athens 612 and
_Bull. de Corr. Hell._ 1897, p. 450 (Boeotian); also Berlin 1737,
2116–20, 2876, 2877, 4019; _Anzeiger_, 1891, p. 116.

Footnote 672:

xi. 474 E; cf. v. 198 B, C.

Footnote 673:

_E.g._ Visconti, _Mus. Pio-Clem._ iv. pl. 35; _B.M. Cat. of
Terracottas_, B 490.

Footnote 674:

_Georg._ iv. 380.

Footnote 675:

Boeckh, _C.I.G._ i. 140, 141, 150 = _B.M. Inscrs._ 27–29.

Footnote 676:

So called from being turned (κυλίεσθαι) on the wheel (Athen. xi. 480
B). The word constantly occurs in literature: Phokyl. 11; Sappho, 5;
Hdt. iv. 70, etc.

Footnote 677:

_E.g._ B.M. E 49, 50. Cf. Hermippus _apud_ Athen. xi. 480 E, and the
Ficoroni cista (Roscher, i. p. 527).

Footnote 678:

xi. 480 C (quoting Pindar).

Footnote 679:

See p. 215.

Footnote 680:

Athen. xi. 480 E.

Footnote 681:

This was also done in the case of some late Italian fabrics; see
_B.M. Cat. of Vases_, iv. p. 25 and below, p. 501.

Footnote 682:

xi. 470 E, 471 D; cf. v. 199 B.

Footnote 683:

xi. 469 B. In § 464 C he speaks of Ρὁδιακαὶ χυτρίδες, which lessened
the tendency to inebriety, and in § 496 F he describes a cup called
Ρὁδίας.

Footnote 684:

Pollux, vi. 95–98; x. 66.

Footnote 685:

Ar. _Lys._ 203.

Footnote 686:

B 379–82.

Footnote 687:

A recent writer (Böhlau, in _Athen. Mitth._ for 1900, p. 40 ff.)
attributes this shape to an Ionic origin.

Footnote 688:

See generally Athen. xi. 501 ff. Isidorus (_Etym._ xx. 5) says:
“Phyalae dictae quod ex vitro fiant” (_sc._ ὔαλον).

Footnote 689:

The words βαλανωτή, βαλανειόμφαλος, and καρυωτή also seem to be
descriptive of this type. Phialae (καρυωταί) dedicated to Agathe
Tyche, Themis, Leto, and Hekate, were among the possessions of the
temple of Apollo at Branchidae (Boeckh, _C.I.G._ ii. 2852).

Footnote 690:

G 117, 118: see Plate XLVIII.

Footnote 691:

_Il._ xxiii. 270, where it is described as ἀπυρωτός, implying that it
was used over a fire.

Footnote 692:

_Ibid._ l. 243.

Footnote 693:

_Rhet._ iii. 4: cf. Athen. x. 433 C.

Footnote 694:

See Athen. xi. _s.vv._; also Pollux, vi. 98.

Footnote 695:

Schol. _in_ Ar. _Pac._ 916.

Footnote 696:

Cf. B.M. E 784–803.

Footnote 697:

See for a discussion of this word, Athen. xi. 476 A.

Footnote 698:

_E.g._ B.M. B 42, 46, 181, 204, etc.

Footnote 699:

xi. 461 B, 497 B.

Footnote 700:

διατετρημένον, Athen. xi. 497 E.

Footnote 701:

Exx. in B.M. F 417–36.

Footnote 702:

xi. 500 E. In the temple of Apollo at Branchidae there were
παλίμποτοι, τραγέλαφοι, πρότομοι, with dedicatory inscriptions to
Apollo and Artemis; evidently _rhyta_ of this kind (Boeckh, _C.I.G._
ii. 2852). An example in the B.M. (F 431) ends in the heads of a boar
and dog conjoined.

Footnote 703:

xi. 468 F; cf. 497 A.

Footnote 704:

xi. 496 E; other names for the rhyton are δικέρας (Pollux, vi. 97),
ἐνιαυτός, ὄλμος, and παλίμποτος: see note 702.

Footnote 705:

_In Meid._ 565 fin.

Footnote 706:

See p. 127 and Plate X.

Footnote 707:

Pollux, vi. 84–5; x. 86; Ar. _passim_; Lucian, _Somn._ 14, p. 723
(τρύβλιον); see Ussing, _De nom. vas. graec._ p. 160 ff.

Footnote 708:

Schöne in _Comm. phil. in hon. Mommseni_, p. 653, mentions a plate
with ΙΧΘΥΑΙ inscribed underneath. Cf. also Plate XLIV. and p. 487.

Footnote 709:

See p. 139.

Footnote 710:

Pollux, vi. 85; x. 86; Ar. _Ran._ 1440, _Plut._ 812, _Av._ 361;
Athen. ii. 67 D, xi. 494 C. Cf. for these words Chapter XVII.

Footnote 711:

x. 92. Liddell and Scott state that ἐρεύς is a _vox nihili_.

Footnote 712:

Pollux, x. 93.

Footnote 713:

xi. 476 E.

Footnote 714:

See _Brit. School Annual_, iii. (1896–97) p. 58; _Ath. Mitth._ 1898,
p. 271; Couve in Daremberg and Saglio’s _Dict. s.v._ Kernos.
Athenaeus cannot have known this type.

Footnote 715:

_Ath. Mitth._ 1898, pls. 13, 14; _Ephem. Arch._ 1885, pl. 9, 1897, p.
163 ff.

Footnote 716:

_Ath. Mitth._ _loc. cit._ p. 295.

Footnote 717:

See _Jahrbuch_, 1894, p. 57 ff.

Footnote 718:

Cf. Dem. _Fals. Leg._ p. 415, and p. 133 above.

Footnote 719:

Athen. xi. 784 B.

Footnote 720:

See Pollux, vii. 166; x. 63.

Footnote 721:

xi. 783 F; he derives the -βαλλος from βαλάντιον (_sic_). He also
says it is like the αρύστιχος, and that ἀρυστίς = πρόχοος.

Footnote 722:

See Athen. xi. 784 D; Pollux, vi. 98; Hippokrates, 494, 55.

Footnote 723:

He somewhat vaguely identifies it with the Thericleian and Rhodian
kylikes. Pollux (vi. 98) also implies it to be a cup.

Footnote 724:

See Ussing, p. 117; Pollux, vi. 106, x. 121; Ar. _Ach._ 1063.

Footnote 725:

Hesych. _s.v._ ῥύμμα. Also called σμηματοδοκίς.

Footnote 726:

_E.g._ B.M. 208, 225, 376, 386, 794, 810, D 65. But see on this shape
Pernice in _Jahrbuch_, 1899, p. 68, and Robinson in _Boston Mus.
Report_, 1899, p. 73. The latter rejects Pernice’s incense-burner
theory (see above, p. 140), and suggests their use for perfume or
scented water.

Footnote 727:

The B.M. has a late B.F. example, B 298.

Footnote 728:

_Jahrbuch___, 1899, p. 129.

Footnote 729:

E 774; E 810 in the B.M. is a good example of this form.

Footnote 730:

It was formerly thought to be a kind of roof-tile. See Robert in Ἐφ.
Ἀρχ. 1892, p. 247; B.M. B 597, 598; Athens 1588–92.

Footnote 731:

See _B.M. Cat. of Vases_, iii. p. 17.

Footnote 732:

See _op. cit._ iv. p. 8, fig. 18.

Footnote 733:

In the examples from Greek sites, such as the Cyrenaica, the handle
is arched over the back, as in Fig. 62.

Footnote 734:

For the Mycenaean “false amphora,” a variation of the askos, see p.
271 and Plate XV.

Footnote 735:

See Chapter XI. for a general discussion of the subject, and Chapter
V. for its technical aspect.

Footnote 736:

_B.M. Cat. of Terracottas_, D 204 ff.

Footnote 737:

See p. 88; also _B.M. Cat. of Terracottas_, D 1–2; _Röm. Mitth._
1897, p. 262.

Footnote 738:

_Cat. of Terracottas_, D 209–10.