Chapter XII: The Rise of Physical Chemistry 170

Relations of chemistry to physics. Relations of heat
to chemical phenomena. Improvements in the mercurial
thermometer. Newton. Shuckburgh. Brooke Taylor. Cavendish.
Black. Discovery of latent heat by Black. Discovery of
specific heat. Experiments of Lavoisier and Laplace. Law
of Dulong and Petit: its value in determining atomic
weights. Specific heat of compounds. Neumann. Discovery of
isomorphism by Mitscherlich. Foreshadowing of the kinetic
theory of gases. Discovery of the law of gaseous diffusion by
Graham. Liquefaction of gases. Monge and Clouet. Northmore.
Faraday. Value of a knowledge of weights of unit volumes of
gases in determining their molecular weights. Methods of
vapour-determination by Dumas and Gay Lussac. Dalton and
Henry’s law of gaseous solubility. Work of Schröder and Kopp
on volume relations of liquids and solids. Connection between
the chemical nature of a liquid and its boiling-point.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 183

INDEX 187

HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY