Chapter XLIX: Appendix: Recent Educational Movements (2)

Nisibis, catechetical school at, 107.

Nitric acid discovered, 145.

Normal schools, in France, 297, 300, 301.
in Germany, 290, 294.
in Massachusetts, 287.
in United States, 314.
La Salle establishes first, 228.
teachers appointed in, 290.

_Novum Organum_, Bacon's, 207.

Obedience, cardinal Chinese virtue, 23.

Object teaching, beginning of, 266.
of Jansenists, 189.
Pestalozzi's, 270.

Occam, leader of scholasticism, 122.

Occupation, a factor in education, 16.

Odessa, catechetical school at, 107.
first Christian common school at, 105.

Olympia, Holy Land of Greece, 55.

Olympiad, basis for computing time, 55.

Olympian games, influence and character of, 54, 55.

Orations of Cicero, 82, 83.

Oratory, ideal of education in Rome, 77, 78, 80.
Quintilian's views regarding, 87.

_Orbis Pictus_, Comenius's first illustrated text-book, 214, 215.

Order of Jesus. See Jesuits.

Oriental civilization, basis of, 89.

Oriental education, aim of, 91.
summary of, 51, 52.

Origen, character of, 110.
education of, 110.
pedagogy of, 110.
service to education, 101.

Orleans, university at, 141.

Ormuzd, principle of light in Persian religion, 39.

Orphan asylum, at Halle, founded, 233, 234.

Oxford, cloister school at, 118.
Locke tutor at, 221.
University of, 131, 141.

Pagan education, conflict with Christian, 111-115.

Pagan literature, opposition to, 94, 113, 115, 120.

Pantaenus, establishes catechetical school, 107.

_Pantagruel_, Rabelais's, 193.

Paper, invented, 148.

_Paradise Lost_, Milton's, 217.

Paris, cloister school at, 118.
university at, 124, 140, 141.

Parker, Colonel, on Horace Mann, 284, 286.

Parliamentary grants for school expenses, 306.

Parochial schools, 139 _n_.

Pascal, leader of Port Royalists, 188.

Pastor, superintendent of German schools, 181.

Paul, services to education, 102.

Paul III., Pope, recognizes Jesuits, 183.

Paulsen, on John Sturm, 175, 176, 177.
on Neander's text-books, 180.

Pedagogium, established by Francke, 234, 236.

Pedagogue, duty of, in Athens, 56, 58.
in Rome, 77.

Pedagogy, begins with history of education, 15.
elevated to dignity of a science, 282.
of Agricola, 158.
of Alfred the Great, 131.
of Aristotle, 66, 67.
of Ascham, 190-192.
of Bacon, 207-209.
of Basedow, 251-256.
of Basil the Great, 106.
of Benedictines, 118, 119.
of Boccaccio, 157.
of Charlemagne, 127-129.
of Christ, 91, 97-100.
of Chrysostom, 105.
of Cicero, 83.
of Clement of Alexandria, 109.
of Comenius, 214-217.
of Confucius, 28.
of Dante, 156.
of Erasmus, 162, 163.
of Fenelon, 226, 227.
of Feudalism, 132-135.
of Francke, 234-236.
of Froebel, 275-277.
of Herbart, 282, 283.
of Humanists, 153.
of Innovators, 204.
of Jesuits, 184-188.
of La Salle, 227, 228.
of Locke, 221-223.
of Loyola, 183.
of Luther, 169.
of Mann, 285-288.
of Melanchthon, 172.
of Milton, 218, 219.
of Mohammedans, 145.
of Montaigne, 195-198.
of Neander, 179-181.

Pedagogy, of Origen, 110.
of Pestalozzi, 269-271.
of Petrarch, 151.
of Plato, 63-65.
of Port Royalists, 189.
of Pythagoras, 73.
of Quintilian, 87.
of Rabelais, 194, 195.
of Ratke, 211.
of Reuchlin, 160.
of Rousseau, 243-249.
of St. Augustine, 115.
of Scholastics, 124.
of Seneca, 85.
of Socrates, 62.
of Sturm, 176, 177.
of Tertullian, 113.
of Trotzendorf, 178, 179.

Pekin, royal library at, 25.

Pendulum, applied to reckon time, 145.

Pensions to teachers, in England, 308.
in France, 302.
in Germany, 294.

Pericles, Age of, 54, 57.
Athenian statesman, 56.

Perioeci, in Sparta, 68.

Persia, 36, 39.
criticism of education, 38.
geography and history, 36.
home, religion in, 37.
military education in, 16, 38.
motive for education in, 52.
state education in, 37, 38.
status of women in, 37.
training of children in, 37.
Zoroaster, 39.

Persian education, criticism of, 38.

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, childhood and character, 257, 258.
Christian ministry, 259.
failures of, 259, 260, 262.
farming, 260.
influence of, 18.
law, 260.
lesson of love taught by, 271.
marriage, 261.
Neuhof, experiences at, 262.
object teaching of, 189.
pedagogy of, 269, 271.
purposes of, 259.
school at Burgdorf, 266.
school at Stanz, 264, 265.
school at Yverdon, 267, 268.
schooling of, 258.
unites with Kruesi, 267.
work of, 269.
writings of, 263, 264.

Peter the Hermit, crusade of, 136.

Petrarch, father of humanism, 155, 156.

Petrarch, influence of, 151-153.
lays foundation of modern education, 157.

Pfefferkorn, John, antagonism to Hebrew works, 160.

_Phaedo_, Plato's, 63.

Philanthropin, established, 251.
failure of, 252-254.
purpose of, 252.

Philip Augustus, of France, aids university at Paris, 141.
leads third crusade, 137.

_Philippics_, of Cicero, 82.

Philosophical discoveries, of Hindus, 35.

Philosophy, in Athens, 59.
in catechetical schools, 108.
in Egypt, 47.
in gymnasium, 293.
in Jesuit schools, 185.
in Mohammedan schools, 145.
in Roman schools, 78.
in schools of prophets, 44.
natural, in Milton's scheme of education, 219.
of Christ, 98.
scholasticism, 124.

Phoenicians, invent alphabet, glass making, and purple dyeing, 51.

Phonic method of spelling, introduced, 189.

Physical education, in Aristotle's scheme, 66.
in Athens, 58.
in Erasmus's scheme, 163.
in Fenelon's scheme, 226.
in Feudalism, 133, 135.
in Innovators' scheme, 204.
in Locke's scheme, 221, 229.
in Luther's scheme, 170.
in Milton's scheme, 220.
in Persia, 38.
in Pestalozzi's scheme, 263.
in Plato's scheme, 64, 65.
in Rome, 77.
in Rousseau's scheme, 244.
in Sparta, 70.

Pietism, influence of, 232.
purpose of, 231.

Plato, Athenian philosopher, 56.
disciple of Socrates, 63.
first systematic scheme of education, 65.
founds school at Athens, 63.
republic, 63.
State to have control of citizens, 64.
testimony to Socrates, 62.

Play, educational force in Athens, 57, 60.
in Fenelon's pedagogy, 226.
in Froebel's system, 274.

Poetry, in Athens, 57, 59.
in Roman schools, 78.
in schools of prophets, 44.

Poitiers, university at, 141.

Political freedom of Greeks, 54.

Political rights, extension of, 239.

Polygamy, in China, 22.
in Egypt, 49.
in India, 31.

Polytechnic schools, in China, 27.

Port Royalists, purpose of, 189.
services to education, 199.

Practical training of Roman children, 79.

Practice school, at Jena, 281.
at Koenigsberg, 280.
Herbart's, 280.

Prague, battle of, 212.
university established at, 124, 141.

_Praise of Folly_, Erasmus's, 162.

Prerau, Moravian School at, 212.

Priests, influence in Egypt, 47, 48.

Primary education. See Elementary Education.

Printing, invented, 26, 148.
influence on universal education, 150, 164, 165.

Printing press, invented, 148.

Privat Docent, in German universities, 232 _n._ 2.

_Progymnasia_, in Germany, 292 _n_.

Pronunciation, in Roman education, 76, 78.

Prophets, schools of, 44.

_Prorealgymnasia_, 292 _n_.

Protestant educators, 174-181.
_Gymnasium_ at Strasburg, 175.
Melanchthon's course of study, 174.
Neander, 179.
Sturm, 175.
Trotzendorf, 178. See also Humanistic Educators and Reformation.

Protestant Reformation, 165-173.

Protestantism, spirit of, among common people, 200.
spread of, checked, 182.

Protogenes, establishes school at Odessa, 105.

Provinces, thirteen royal, school administration in, 290.

Prussia, kindergarten in, 275, 276.
school system of, 128, 289-295.

Psalms, translated into Anglo-Saxon, 131.

Ptolemaic system of astronomy, 148.

Ptolemies, found Alexandrian library, 50.

Public schools, first Christian, 105, 107.
in England, 306.
in France, 298.
in Germany, 293.
in Massachusetts, 286.

Public schools, in Rome, 78.
in United States, 313.
Quintilian advocates, 88.

Punishment, Basil the Great's views regarding, 106.
Cicero's views regarding, 83.
Fenelon's views regarding, 226.
in Jesuit schools, 186.
Montaigne's views regarding, 196, 197.
Quintilian's views regarding, 87.
Seneca's views regarding, 85.
See also Corporal Punishment.

Pupil teachers, 307.

Pupils, number assigned to one teacher among Jews, 43.
number of, fixed by State in Athens, 58.

Puritans, struggles with established church, 200.

Pythagoras, life of, 73.
mathematical system of, 73.
philosophy of, 73.

Quadrivium, second course in seven liberal arts, 118, 119.

Quick, on Ascham, 192.
on Basedow's system, 254.
on demands of Reformers, 204.
on Jesuit education, 186, 187.
on Milton, 218.
on Pestalozzi, 258, 268, 269, 270.
on Ratke, 209, 211.
on Rousseau's hatred of books, 241.
on the Philanthropin, 251, 252.

Quintilian, education and life of, 86.
founds school at Rome, 86.
_Institutes of Oratory_, 87.
pedagogy of, 87.
receives title of Professor of Oratory, 86.
works of, studied in monastic education, 119.

Quincy Movement, the, 317.

Rabbis, schools of, 44.

Rabelais, compared with Lucretius, 194, 195.
friend of Calvin, 193.
_Gargantua and Pantagruel_, 193.
influence of Locke on, 223.
introduces realism into education, 194.
life of, 192, 193.
pedagogy of, 194.

Ramadan, fast of, 144.

Ramsauer, on Pestalozzi's method of teaching, 266.

_Ratio Studiorum_, of Jesuits, 186.

Ratke, method of teaching language, 209, 210.
pedagogy of, 211.
reforms of, 204.

Raumer, on Comenius, 213.

Reading, in Athenian schools, 58.
in Chinese schools, 24.
in Jewish schools, 43.
in monastic schools, 119.
in Persian schools, 38.
in Roman schools, 78.
in schools of India, 32.
not taught in Sparta, 71.
taught during Charlemagne's reign, 128.
taught by Quintilian, 88.

_Real-school_ in Germany, course in, 293.
founded, 236.

_Realgymnasia_, 292 _n_.

Realism, in education, 194.

Reformation, as an educational influence, 164-174, 199.
conditions at beginning of sixteenth century, 164.
instills love for religious liberty, 200.
intellectual conditions, 166.
invention of printing, 165.
Luther, 167-169.
Melanchthon, 170-173.
spread of educational ideas of, 180.

Registration, book of, in French schools, 299.

Reichstag, school interests represented in, 290.

Rein, Professor Wilhelm, chief exponent of Ziller school, 281.
on Herbart's pedagogy, 278, 282.
practice school under, 281.

Religion, center of school course, 181.
Chinese, 21, 28.
Christian. See Christianity.
in Egypt, 48, 50.
in India, 31, 35.
in Milton's scheme of education, 219.
in Persia, 37, 39.
of Jews, 41, 42, 45.
of Romans, 75.
taught in Sturm's school course, 177.

Religious freedom attained, 201, 240.

Religious instruction, Cicero advocates, 84.
in Egypt, 50.
in German schools, 170.
Rousseau's views regarding, 247, 248.
See also Christian education.

Removal of teachers, causes for, 294, 301.

Renaissance, 148-173.
defined, 148, 173.
humanistic movement, 149-163.
influence on Teutonic race, 149.
inventions and discoveries during, 149, 150.
revival of classics, 150.
universal education advocated, 150, 151.

Reuchlin, humanistic leader, 153.
introduces Greek into Germany, 160.
professor at Tuebingen, 159.
services to Hebrew learning, 159.
teacher of Melanchthon, 171.

Revival of learning. See Renaissance.

Revolution, American, lessons of, 239.
French, 239, 264.
of 1688, 200.

Rheims, first normal school established at, 228.

Rhetoric, in Athenian schools, 59.
in catechetical schools, 108.
in monastic education, 119.
in Sturm's school course, 176.
the climax of education, 88.

Richard the Lion-Hearted, leads third crusade, 137.

Rod, discipline of, in China, 24.
Montaigne's opposition to, 196, 197.
used in Roman schools, 78.

Rollin, reforms of, 204.

Roman church, duty of, to education, 182.

Roman educators, 81-88.
Cicero, 81-84.
Quintilian, 86-88.
Seneca, 84-86.

Rome, 74-80.
Age of Augustus, 74, 75.
birth of Christ, 74.
criticism of education, 80.
education in, 77-79.
educators of, 81-88.
government in, 75.
home in, 76.
home training of children, 76, 77.
influence of Greek culture on, 74.
oratory highest art in education, 77, 80.
persecution of Christians, 94.
philosophers from, visit Museum of Alexandria, 50, 51.
practical training of children, 79.
religion of, 75.
supremacy of, 74.
utility the aim of education, 79.
woman's status in, 90.

Rosetta stone, furnishes key to interpretation of hieroglyphics, 47.

Rostock, University of, 141.

Rote learning, in Chinese schools, 24.

Rouen, cloister school at, 118.

Roundheads, struggles with cavaliers, 200.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, _Emile_, 244-248.
influenced by Montaigne, 195, 196.
life of, 241, 242.
on Christ, 97.
on education of women, 248.
pedagogy of, 243.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Pestalozzi applies principles of, 269, 270.
scheme of education, as outlined in _Emile_, 244-248.
works of, 243.

Rugby, college, founded at, 174, 306.

Russia, serfs freed in, 238.

St. Augustine. See Augustine, St.

St. Gall, cloister school at, 118, 120.

Saint-Simon, on Fenelon, 224.

Saladin, captures Jerusalem, 137.

Salaries of teachers, in England, 308.
in France, 300, 302.
in Germany, 295.
in United States, 314.

Salerno, university at, 140.

Sallust, Roman writer, 74.

Salzburg, cloister school at, 118.

Salzmann, leader of Philanthropin, 254.

Sanskrit, language of India, 30, 34.

Saracens, conquer Holy Land, 136.
schools of, 140.

Saxony School Plan, principles of, 172, 173, 174, 177.

Schmidt, Karl, on Alfred the Great, 130.
on Aristotle, 67.
on corruption of the church, 151.
on culture, 43.
on emancipation of the individual, 52.
on history of humanity, 15, 16.
on Johann Sturm, 177.
on St. Augustine's _Confessions_, 114.
on scholasticism, 123.
on teachings of Jesus Christ, 97, 100.
on the _Emile_, 249.

Scholasticism, benefits of, 123, 124.
defined, 121.
downfall of, 123.

_Scholemaster_, Roger Ascham's, 190.

School attendance, in England, 306.
in France, 297, 298.
in Germany, 291, 292.
in United States, 311, 312.

School board, in England, 305.
in France, 296.
in Germany, 290, 291.
in United States, 310.

School fund in United States, 309.

School government, Trotzendorf's reforms in, 178, 179.

School hours, in Athens, 58, 60.
in Germany, 292.

Schoolhouses in India, 33.
public, none in China, 23.

School inspector, in German schools, 290.

Schoolmaster, German, position of, 295.

"School of the Palace," established, 127.

School pence, expense of English schools met by, 307.

School system, Comenius's organization of, 215.
of England, 304-308.
of France, 296-303.
of Germany, 289-295.
of United States, 309-314.

Schools, apprentice in France, 299.
catechetical, 107.
catechumen, 104.
cathedral, 139 _n_.
charity, in China, 23.
church, 102, 181.
cloister, 118.
common, 78, 88, 105, 107, 181, 286, 287, 292, 293, 298, 313.
elementary. See Elementary Schools.
established in Germany, 180.
graduate, in United States, 312.
_Gymnasium_, in Germany, 293.
high. See High Schools.
in Athens, under state inspection, 58, 60.
industrial, for poor, 262.
_infant_, in France, 298.
Jesuit, 183-188.
Jewish, 42.
manual training, 222.
Mohammedan, 145, 146.
_mother_, in France, 298.
national, in England, 305.
normal. See Normal Schools.
of mines, in France, 299.
of the prophets, 44.
of the rabbis, 44.
pagan, abolished, 115.
parochial, 139 _n_.
primary, in France, 298, 299.
public. See Public Schools.
_Real_, in Germany, 236, 293.
secondary, in United States, 312.
summer, in United States, 313.
support of, in England, 306, 307.
support of, in France, 299, 300.
support of, in Germany, 293.
support of, in United States, 313.
teachers' salaries in. See Teaching.
technical, in France, 299.
undergraduate, in United States, 312.
voluntary, in England, 306.

Schulthess, Anna, marries Pestalozzi, 261.

Schwegler, on number, 73.
on scholasticism, 122, 124.

Schwickerath, on the scholastics, 123.
on Luther, 183.

Science, among ancient Egyptians, 47.
instrumental in civilization, 239.
monastic opposition to, 116.

Science, natural, Neander favors study of, 179.
natural, taught in Egypt, 47, 50.
of Chinese, 26.
Rabelais gives first rank to, 195.

Scientific discoveries, results of, 239.

Scriptures, Holy, in schools, 217.

Secondary schools, in United States, 312.

Secular courses of study established, 118.

Self-government of students, Trotzendorf introduces, 178, 179.
the principle established, 239.

Seminar, in Germany, 281.

Seneca, compared with Fenelon, 225, 226.
education of, 84.
pedagogy of, 85.
religious sentiment of, 85.
suicide of, 85.
tutor of Nero, 84.

Sense-realism, Innovators advocate, 224, 229.

Serapis, temple of, library in, 107, 108.

Servants, fourth caste in India, 30.
marriage of, 32.

Seven liberal arts, 118.
basis of school instruction, 127.

Seventeenth century, education during, 200-236.

Seventh Annual Report of Horace Mann, 287.

Shaftesbury, Earl of, friendship with Locke, 221.

Shastas, commentary on Vedas, 31.

Shrewsbury, school at, 306.

Siculus Diodorus, Greek writer, 47.

Simultaneous method, inaugurated, 227.

Sixteenth century, education of, 164-199.

Slavery, abolition of, 238.

Slaves, in Athens, 56.
in Egypt, 49.
in Rome, 77.
in Sparta, 68.

Sleep of children, Locke's rules regarding, 221.

Sobieski, John, checks Mohammedan advance, 144.

Social Contract, Rousseau's, 243.

Socrates, Athenian philosopher, 56.
death of, 62, 63.
dialectical methods of, 62.
doctrines of, 62.
influence of, 18.
life and home of, 61.
methods of teaching, 62.
personal appearance of, 61.
religious belief of, 62.

Solomon, founder of Hebrew literature, 44.

Solon, Athenian lawgiver, 57.

_Some Thoughts Concerning Education_, Locke's, 221.

Songs, church, 107.

_Songs for Mother and Nursery_, Froebel's, 277.

Sophists, teachers of grammar, 59.

Soroee, Basedow professor at, 251.

Sparta, 68-73.
coeducation in, 71.
contrasted with Athens, 56.
criticism of education, 71.
history of, 68.
home in, 69.
Lycurgus, 72, 73.
martial training in, 69, 70, 71.
physical education in, 16.
State control of children, 69, 70, 73.
status of woman in, 69-71.
tyranny, the spirit of, 56.

Spartan education, criticism of, 71.

Spelling, phonic method introduced, 189.

Spencer, Herbert, on function of education, 217.

Spener, Philipp Jakob, originator of Pietism, 231.

Stagira, Aristotle founds school at, 65.

Stanz, Pestalozzi's school at, 264.

State, assumes responsibility of education in Germany, 174.
controls citizens in Plato's scheme of education, 64.
controls education in Persia, 37, 38.
controls education of Spartan children, 70.
controls schools in Athens, 60.
interest of, aim of oriental education, 91.
supervises English schools, 306.
supports schools in France, 298.

State Board of Education, duties of, 311.
established, 286.

State school system, in United States, 310.

State support of public instruction in American schools, 310.

Stettin, first Prussian normal school at, 228.

Stoy, Karl Volkmar, establishes practice school at Jena, 281.

Strasburg _Gymnasium_, organization of, 175, 176.
Sturm, rector of, 175.

_Studia inferiora_ and _superiora_ of Jesuit schools, 185.

Sturm, Johann, education of, 175.
influence of, 177.
rector at Strasburg Gymnasium, 175, 176.
school course of, 176, 177.

Sulphuric acid, Arabians discover, 145.

Summer school, in United States school system, 313.

Superintendent of schools, duties of, 310, 311.

Superstition of Romans, 76.

Support of schools, in England, 306.
in France, 299.
in Germany, 293.
in United States, 313.

Swinton, on antiquity of Egyptian history, 47.
on influence of Egyptian priests, 48.

Switzerland, Herbart in, 279.
kindergarten in, 276.

Talich, Hermann, school course of, 176 _n_.

Talmud, extracts from, 45, 46.
influence of, 45.
on discipline of children, 43.
origin of sayings in, 44.

Tax for schools, in United States, 313.

Taylor, Bayard, on Charles V., Emperor of Germany, 166.
on Thirty Years' War, 201.

Teachers, in Athens, 58, 59.
in China, 23, 24.
in Egypt, 49, 50.
in England, 235, 307.
in France, 300-302.
in Germany, 290, 291, 293, 294.
in India, 32, 33, 34.
in Jesuit schools, 185.
in Jewish schools, 43.
in Mohammedan schools, 146.
in Persia, 38.
in United States, 313.
professional training of, 163, 170, 188, 228, 235, 280, 294, 307, 313.
salaries of, 58, 59, 286, 295, 300-302, 308, 313.
tenure of office of, 294, 302, 307, 314.

Teacher's Institute, in United States school system, 313.

Technical schools, in France, 299.

_Telemachus_, Fenelon's, 225.

Tenure of office of teachers, in England, 307.
in France, 302.
in Germany, 294.
in United States, 314.

Tertullian, birth of, 112.
conversion of, 112.
founder of Christian Latin literature, 113.
joins Montanists, 113.

Testament, Greek, Erasmus's translation, 162.

Testament, Old, books of, stimulated by prophets, 44.

Teutonic nations, leaders in civilization, 103, 149.

Text-book, first illustrated, 215.

Thales, father of philosophy, 73.

Thebes, institution for higher learning at, 50.

Theocratic education, of Jews, 40.

Theology, in Gymnasium, 293.
in Jesuit schools, 185.
in schools of rabbis, 44.

Thirty Years' War, 201, 212.

_Toga virilis_, when assumed, 79.

Toulouse, university at, 141.

Tours, cloister school at, 118.

Township system of education, in United States, 311.

Toys, lack of, in China, 23.
of Athenian children, 57.
of Persians, 57.
of Spartans, 69.

_Tractate on Education_, Milton's, 217, 218.

Tradesmen's castes, in India, 30.

Tradespeople, third caste in Egypt, 48.

Training school, in United States, 313.

Translation, double, for language study, 192.

Transmigration of souls, Chinese belief in, 22.

Trier, university at, 141.

Trigonometry, in Milton's scheme of education, 219.
taught by Mohammedans, 145.

Trivium, first course in seven liberal arts, 118, 119.

Trotzendorf, Valentine, discipline and methods of, 178.
life of, 178.
pupil of Melanchthon, 178.
rector at Goldberg, 178.

Tuebingen, center of humanistic movement, 153, 159.
university at, 141.

Twelve Tables, of Roman Law, 76.

Undergraduate school, in United States, 312.

Understanding, development of, 189.

United States, administration of schools, 310.
attendance in schools, 311.
education in, 309-314.
land grants for education, 309, 310.
State system, 309, 310.
support of schools, 313.
teachers, 313, 314.

Universal education, advocated by Charlemagne, 128, 131.

Universal education, in German schools, 131, 170.

Universal German Educational Institute, at Griesheim, 275.

Universities, established through scholastic
influence, 124.
in England, 306.
in United States, 312, 313.
preparation for, in Germany, 293.
privileges granted to, 142.
rise of, 139-142.
services of, 142.
State, in France, 299.

Upsala, university at, 141.

Vasseur, Therese le, wife of Rousseau, 242.

Veda, Bible of India, 30.
reading lessons from, 33.

Vergil, Roman poet, 74.

Vespasian, honors Quintilian, 86.

Vienna, university established at, 124, 141.

Vogel, on errors of _Emile_, 244.

Volksschule (common school) in Germany, 292.

Voltaire, condemns Jesuit education, 187.
on Fenelon, 227.

Voluntary schools, in England, 305 _n._, 306.

Von Moltke, quoted, 295.

Waldenses, reformers in Italy, 165.

War, preparation for, chief end of education in Persia, 38.

Warens, Madame de, befriends Rousseau, 242.

Warriors, education of, 34.
marriage of, 32.
second caste in India, 30.

Weigel, Erhard, founds _Real-school_, 236.

Weimar, Duke of, law for compulsory education, 203.

Westminster, school at, 306.

Williams, Professor, on Comenius's services
to pedagogy, 214.
on Locke, 223.
on Ratke, 209.
on Sturm's school course, 176, 177.

Winchester, school at, 306.

Winship, Mr., on Mann's Seventh Annual Report, 287, 288.

Wittenberg, center of humanistic studies, 172.
Luther professor at, 168.

Women, education of, among Jews, 41.
education of, during Charlemagne's reign, 128.
education of, in Aristotle's scheme, 67.
education of, in Athens, 60.
education of, in China, 47.
education of, in Egypt, 50.
education of, in India, 35.
education of, in Persia, 38.
education of, in Rome, 80.
education of, in Sparta, 71.
education of, Rousseau's ideas of, 248.
improvement in culture of, 90.
Montaigne's contempt for, 198.
status of, among Jews, 41, 44.
status of, among oriental nations, 90.
status of, in Athens, 58.
status of, in China, 22, 27.
status of, in Egypt, 49, 51.
status of, in India, 31, 32, 35.
status of, in Persia, 37.
status of, in Rome, 76.
status of, in Sparta, 69, 71.

Working schools, Locke urges establishment of, 222.

Writing, during Charlemagne's reign, 128.
in Athens, 58.
in Chinese schools, 24.
in Egypt, 50.
in India, 32, 33.
in Jewish schools, 43.
in monastic education, 119.
in Persian schools, 38.
in Roman schools, 78.
neglected in Sparta, 71.

Wuertemberg, active in school work, 203.

Wuerzburg, University of, 141.

Wuttke, quoted, 34.

Wyclif, reformer, 165.

Xantippe, wife of Socrates, 61.

Xenophon, testimony to Socrates, 62.

Yellow Springs, Antioch College at, 288.

Yverdon, Froebel at, 274.
Pestalozzi's school at, 267, 268.

Zeus, Olympian festivals in honor of, 55.

Ziller School, 281.

Zoroaster, dualistic philosophy of, 39.
founder of Persian religion, 39.
religion of, in Persia, 37.

Zwingli, Swiss reformer, 165.

A SYSTEM OF PEDAGOGY

By EMERSON E. WHITE, A.M., LL.D.

Elements of Pedagogy $1.00 School Management and Moral Training 1.00 Art of Teaching 1.00

By the safe path of experience and in the light of modern psychology the ELEMENTS OF PEDAGOGY points out the limitations of the ordinary systems of school education and shows how their methods may be harmonized and cooerdinated. The fundamental principles of teaching are expounded in a manner which is both logical and convincing, and such a variety and wealth of pedagogical principles are presented as are seldom to be found in a single text-book.

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STANDARDS IN EDUCATION

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AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

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| Transcriber's Note: |
| |
| Typographical errors corrected in the text: |
| |
| Page 234 Pedagogism changed to Pedagogium |
| Page 319 Questionaire changed to Questionnaire |
| Page 340 Mechlenburg changed to Mecklenburg |
| Page 346 Schwickrath changed to Schwickerath |
| Page 349 Peslalozzi changed to Pestalozzi |
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