Chapter I: Front Matter

HISTORY OF EGYPT CHALDEA, SYRIA, BABYLONIA, AND ASSYRIA

By G. MASPERO, Honorable Doctor of Civil Laws, and Fellow of Queens College, Oxford; Member of the Institute and Professor at the College of France

Edited by A. H. SAYCE, Professor of Assyriology, Oxford

Translated by M. L. McCLURE, Member of the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund

CONTAINING OVER TWELVE HUNDRED COLORED PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Volume IV.

LONDON

THE GROLIER SOCIETY

PUBLISHERS

_THE FIRST CHALDEAN EMPIRE AND THE HYKSÔS IN EGYPT_

_SYRIA: THE PART PLAYED BY IT IN THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD-- BABYLON AND THE FIRST CHALDÆAN EMPIRE--THE DOMINION OF THE HYKSÔS: ÂHMOSIS._

_Syria, owing to its geographical position, condemned to be subject to neighbouring powers-Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon, the valley of the Orontes and of the Litâny, and surrounding regions: the northern table-land, the country about Damascus, the Mediterranean coast, the Jordan and the Dead Sea-Civilization and primitive inhabitants, Semites and Asiatics: the almost entire absence of Egyptian influence, the predominance of that of Chaldæa._

_Babylon, its ruins and its environs--It extends its rule over Mesopotamia; its earliest dynasty and its struggle with Central Chaldæa-Elam, its geographical position, its peoples; Kutur-Nakhunta conquers Larsam-Bimsin (Eri-Aku); Khammurabi founds the first Babylonian empire; Ids victories, his buildings, his canals--The Elamites in Syria: Kudurlagamar--Syria recognizes the authority of Hammurabi and his successors._

_The Hyksôs conquer Egypt at the end of the XIVth dynasty; the founding of Avaris--Uncertainty both of ancients and moderns with regard to the origin of the Hyksôs: probability of their being the Khati--Their kings adopt the manners and civilization of the Egyptians: the monuments of Khiani and of Apôphis I. and II--The XVth dynasty._

_Semitic incursions following the Hyksôs--The migration of the Phoenicians and the Israelites into Syria: Terah, Abraham and his sojourn in the land of Canaan--Isaac, Jacob, Joseph: the Israelites go down into Egypt and settle in the land of Goshen._

_Thébes revolts against the Hyksôs: popular traditions as to the origin of the war, the romance of Apôphis and Saquinri--The Theban princesses and the last Icings of the XVIIth dynasty: Tiûdqni Kamosis, Ahmosis I.--The lords of El-Kab, and the part they played during the war of independence--The taking of Avaris and the expulsion of the Ilylcsôs._

_The reorganization of Egypt--Ahmosis I. and his Nubian wars, the reopening of the quarries of Turah--Amenôthes I. and his mother Nofrîtari: the jewellery of Queen Âhhotpû--The wars of Amenôthes I., the apotheosis of Nofrîtari--The accession of Thûtmosis I. and the re-generation of Egypt._