Chapter VII

MEANS FOR THE PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF PARTS OF NORMAL
ANATOMY, OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY, AND OF NATURAL HISTORY,
ANTERIOR TO THE GANNAL PROCESS, p. 141.--Importance of
such preparations to the physician and naturalist--Plan of
a museum--Engravings: pieces in wax, artificial pieces in
carton, in white wood--The methods of preparing recent organs
and tissues--Process of Swan, of Chaussier--1. Generalities
concerning the operations which precede preservation--Choice
of subjects--Dissection--Maceration and corrosion--Injections;
evacuants; repletives; conservatives; washings; ligature of
vessels--Separation and distention of parts--2. Methods of
preservation of naturalists--Preservation by desiccation--Methods
divided into four series; rectified spirits of wine; deuto-chloride
of mercury, and other metallic substances--Earthy salts--Process
of tanning--Desiccation--Preservation in liquids, acids,
alkalies, salts, alum, volatile oils, alcoholic liquors--Means
of preservation practised by naturalists: soap of Bécoeur,
soapy pomatum--tanning liquor--antiseptic powder--gummy
paste--preservative powder--German powder--powder of Naumann, and
of Hoffman--Preservatives in liquors: bath, naturalist preparors
in Paris, tanning liquor, bath of the Abbe Manesse--Liquors as
washes; essence of serpolet, of turpentine--Liquor of Sir S.
Smith--Bitter spirituous liquors--Varnish--Liquors employed as
injections--Liquors in which objects are preserved which do not
admit of drying--Spirit of wine--Liquor of Nicholas--Of George
Graves--Of the Abbe Manesse--Critical reflections--Appreciation
of each of the proposed means--(1.) For desiccation--New methods
which I propose for the preparation of dry parts--Example
of an injection by my method--The subject submitted to the
examination of a scientific commission--Application of my process
to the preservation of mammiferous animals--Of birds--State
of the tissues--(2.) For preservation in liquids--Nitric
Acid--Alcohol--Weakened alcohol--Alum: chemical demonstration of
its insufficiency for preservation--(3.) Means of preservation
applied to each tissue--Fibrous tissue--Articulations--Aponeuroses,
tendons and ligaments--Process of M. J. Cloquet--Osseous
tissue--Maceration--Ebullition--Bleaching--Cutaneous
tissue--Cellular tissue--Synovial and serous
tissues--Brain--Spinal marrow--Nerves--Blood-vessels--Muscular
tissue--Heart--Lungs--Eye--Fœtus--Envelopes.