Chapter XIV

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER: EVOLUTION AND PROGRESS OF
GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE 135

SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHY 147

INDEX 149

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

A MISSIONARY LOOKING OVER THE EDGE OF THE WORLD _Frontispiece_

FIG. PAGE
1.--TAHITIAN MAP 2

2.--THE WORLD AS SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN CONCEIVED BY HECATÆUS 11

3.--THE WORLD ACCORDING TO HERODOTUS B.C. 450 15

4.--THE WORLD ACCORDING TO PTOLEMY 28–29

5.--THE WORLD ACCORDING TO COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES 35

6.--BEATUS’S MAP 38

7.--THE HEREFORD MAP 47

8.--CHART OF THE MEDITERRANEAN, 1500, BY JUAN DE LA COSA 49

9.--SCAPH 91

10.--ASTROLABE 91

11.--QUADRANT 92

12.--CROSS-STAFF 94

13.--DAVIS’S BACK-STAFF 95

14.--PRETORIUS’S PLANE-TABLE 96

15.--RAMSDEN’S THEODOLITE 97

16.--MODERN FIVE INCH TRANSIT THEODOLITE 98

17.--THE WORLD ACCORDING TO MERCATOR (1587) 100