Chapter I: Front Matter

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HISTORY
OF
THE COMMUNE OF 1871

THE REFORMERS' BOOKSHELF.

_Large crown 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d. each._

1. THE ENGLISH PEASANT: His Past and Present. By RICHARD
HEATH.

2. THE LABOUR MOVEMENT. By L. T. HOBHOUSE, M.A.
Preface by R. B. HALDANE, M.P.

3 & 4. SIXTY YEARS OF AN AGITATOR'S LIFE: George Jacob
Holyoake's Autobiography. 2 vols.

5 & 6. BAMFORD'S PASSAGES IN THE LIFE OF A RADICAL. Edited,
and with an Introduction by HENRY DUNCKLEY ("Verax"). 2 vols.

7. RICHARD COBDEN AND THE JUBILEE OF FREE TRADE. By P.
LEROY-BEAULIEU, HENRY DUNCKLEY ("Verax"), Dr. THEODOR BARTH,
the Right Hon. LEONARD COURTNEY, M.P., and the Right Hon.
CHARLES VILLIERS, M.P.

8 & 9. THE ECONOMIC INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY: Lectures on
Political Economy and its History, delivered at Oxford,
1887-1888. By Professor THOROLD ROGERS. Third edition. 2 vols.

10 & 11. THE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
By Professor THOROLD ROGERS. 2 vols.

12. THE GLADSTONE COLONY. By JAMES FRANCIS HOGAN, M.P.

13 & 14. CHARLES BRADLAUGH: A Record of His Life and Work.
By His Daughter, HYPATIA BRADLAUGH BONNER. 2 vols.

15 & 16. THE INNER LIFE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. Selected
from the Writings of WILLIAM WHITE, with a Prefatory Note by
his Son, and an Introduction by JUSTIN MCCARTHY, M.P.

17. POLITICAL CRIME. By LOUIS PROAL.

18 & 19. THE LIFE OF RICHARD COBDEN. By JOHN MORLEY. 2 vols.

LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN.

HISTORY
of
THE COMMUNE OF 1871

FROM THE FRENCH OF
LISSAGARAY

LONDON
T. FISHER UNWIN
1902

CONTENTS.

PROLOGUE.
PAGE
HOW THE PRUSSIANS GOT PARIS AND THE RURALS FRANCE 1

CHAPTER I.

FIRST ATTACKS OF THE COALITION AGAINST PARIS--THE BATTALIONS
OF THE NATIONAL GUARD FEDERALISE AND SEIZE THEIR CANNON--THE
PRUSSIANS ENTER PARIS 58

CHAPTER II.

THE COALITION OPENS FIRE ON PARIS--THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
CONSTITUTES ITSELF--M. THIERS ORDERS THE ASSAULT 69

CHAPTER III.

THE EIGHTEENTH OF MARCH 78

CHAPTER IV.

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE CONVOKES THE ELECTORS--THE MAYORS OF
PARIS AND DEPUTIES OF THE SEINE TURN AGAINST IT 88

CHAPTER V.

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE AFFIRMS ITSELF, REORGANISES THE PUBLIC
SERVICES, AND HOLDS PARIS 101

CHAPTER VI.

THE MAYORS, THE DEPUTIES, THE JOURNALISTS, THE ASSEMBLY
COMBINE AGAINST PARIS--THE REACTION MARCHES ON THE PLACE
VENDOME, AND IS PUNISHED 108

CHAPTER VII.

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE TRIUMPHS OVER ALL OBSTACLES AND
CONSTRAINS THE MAYORS TO CAPITULATE 116

CHAPTER VIII.

PROCLAMATION OF THE COMMUNE 126

CHAPTER IX.

THE COMMUNE AT LYONS, ST. ETIENNE, AND CREUZOT 131

CHAPTER X.

THE COMMUNE AT MARSEILLES, TOULOUSE, AND NARBONNE 142

CHAPTER XI.

THE COUNCIL OF THE COMMUNE WAVERS FROM ITS FIRST SITTINGS
--THE MAYORS AND ADJUNCTS ELECTED DESERT EN MASSE 153

CHAPTER XII.

SORTIE OF THE THIRD APRIL--THE PARISIANS ARE REPULSED
EVERYWHERE--FLOURENS AND DUVAL ARE KILLED--THE VERSAILLESE
MASSACRE SOME PRISONERS 162

CHAPTER XIII.

THE COMMUNE IS VANQUISHED AT MARSEILLES AND NARBONNE 171

CHAPTER XIV.

THE GREAT RESOURCES OF THE COMMUNE--THE GREAT WEAKNESS OF
THE COUNCIL--NOMINATION OF CLUSERET--DECREE CONCERNING THE
HOSTAGES--THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE--THE BANK 182

CHAPTER XV.

THE FIRST COMBATS OF NEUILLY AND ANSNIERES--ORGANISATION AND
DEFEAT OF THE CONCILIATORS 190

CHAPTER XVI.

THE MANIFESTO OF THE COUNCIL--THE COMPLIMENTARY ELECTIONS OF
THE 16th APRIL SHOW A MINORITY WITHIN THE COUNCIL--FIRST
DISPUTES--THE GERMS OF DEFEAT 199

CHAPTER XVII.

OUR PARISIENNES--SUSPENSION OF ARMS FOR THE EVACUATION OF
NEUILLY--THE ARMY OF VERSAILLES AND THAT OF PARIS 207

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE PUBLIC SERVICES--FINANCE--WAR--POLICE--EXTERIOR--JUSTICE
--EDUCATION--LABOR AND EXCHANGE 217

CHAPTER XIX.

THE FREEMASONS JOIN THE COMMUNE--THE FIRST EVACUATION OF THE
PART OF ISSY--CREATION OF THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY 236

CHAPTER XX.

ROSSEL REPLACES CLUSERET--THE RIVALRIES--THE DEFENCE OF THE
FORT OF ISSY 246

CHAPTER XXI.

PARIS IS BOMBARDED--THE FORT OF ISSY SUCCUMBS--THE COUNCIL
ELECTS A NEW COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY--ROSSEL FLIES 254

CHAPTER XXII.

THE CONSPIRACIES AGAINST THE COMMUNE 265

CHAPTER XXIII.

M. THIERS' POLICY WITH REGARD TO THE PROVINCES--THE EXTREME
LEFT BETRAYS PARIS 271

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE IMPOTENCE OF THE SECOND COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY--
EVACUATION OF THE FORT OF VANVES AND OF THE VILLAGE OF ISSY
--THE MANIFESTO OF THE MINORITY--THE EXPLOSION IN THE AVENUE
RAPP--FALL OF THE VENDOME COLUMN 288

CHAPTER XXV.

PARIS ON THE EVE OF DEATH 293

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE VERSAILLESE ENTER PARIS ON SUNDAY, 21ST MAY, AT THREE
O'CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON--THE COUNCIL OF THE COMMUNE
DISSOLVES 304

CHAPTER XXVII.

MONDAY 22ND--THE VERSAILLESE INVADE THE QUARTERS OF THE
EAST--PARIS RISES 313

CHAPTER XXVIII.

TUESDAY 23RD--MONTMARTRE IS TAKEN--THE WHOLESALE MASSACRES
--WE LOSE GROUND--PARIS ON FIRE--THE LAST NIGHT OF THE
HOTEL-DE-VILLE 326

CHAPTER XXIX.

WEDNESDAY 24TH--THE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL EVACUATE THE
HOTEL-DE-VILLE--THE PANTHEON IS TAKEN--THE VERSAILLESE SHOOT
THE FEDERALS BY HUNDREDS--THE FEDERALS SHOOT SIX HOSTAGES--
THE NIGHT OF THE CANNON 339

CHAPTER XXX.

THURSDAY 25TH--THE WHOLE LEFT BANK FALLS INTO THE HANDS OF
THE TROOPS--DELESCLUZE DIES--THE BRASSARDIERS STIMULATE THE
MASSACRE--THE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL EVACUATE THE MAIRIE OF
THE ELEVENTH ARRONDISSEMENT 353

CHAPTER XXXI.

THE RESISTANCE CENTRES IN BELLEVILLE--FRIDAY, FORTY-EIGHT
HOSTAGES ARE SHOT IN THE RUE HAXO--SATURDAY 27TH, THE WHOLE
TWENTIETH ARRONDISSEMENT IS INVADED--THE PERE LACHAISE IS
TAKEN--SUNDAY 28TH, THE BATTLE ENDS AT ELEVEN O'CLOCK IN THE
MORNING--MONDAY 29TH, THE FORT OF VINCENNES IS SURRENDERED 365

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE VERSAILLESE FURY--THE SLAUGHTER-HOUSES--THE PREVOTAL
COURTS--THE DEATH OF VARLIN--THE BURIALS 382

CHAPTER XXXIII.

THE CONVOYS OF PRISONERS--THE ORANGERIE--THE ARRESTS--SATORY
--THE DENUNCIATORS--THE PRESS--THE LEFT INSULTS THE
VANQUISHED--DEMONSTRATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES 395

CHAPTER XXXIV.

THE PONTOONS--THE FORTS--THE PRISONS--THE FIRST TRIALS 408

CHAPTER XXXV.

THE COURTS-MARTIAL--THE EXECUTIONS--BALANCE-SHEET OF THE
CONDEMNATIONS 424

CHAPTER XXXVI.

NEW CALEDONIA--EXILE--BALANCE-SHEET OF BOURGEOIS VENGEANCE
--THE LIBERAL CHAMBER AND THE AMNESTY 445

APPENDIX 467

HISTORY OF THE COMMUNE.