Chapter VII: Part III: Appendices (2)

Forsamekle as the Kingis Majestie and lordis of secrete counsell ar informed that Capitane Hay Capitane Ker and Capitane Sinclar hes tane up and listit some companyis of men within this kingdome to be transportit to the weares of Swaden his Majestie noways being acquented nor maid foirsene thairof nor his Majesteis licence haid and obtenit to that effect wharin thair presumptioun is so muche the moir in that thir levyis ar maid aganis his Majesteis darrest bruthir the King of Denmark his Majestie haveing formerlie refuised the King of Swaden to grant him ony supplie in that querrell, And besydis this heich presumptioun of the saidis Capitanes to levey his Majesteis borne subjectis to serve a forreynnar without his Majesteis allowance they haif to the further contempt of the Kingis Majestie violentlie tane grite nombaris of honnest menis bairnis and servandis and hes caryed thame aboord of thair schippis quhair they ar detenit as slaves and captaves aganis thair will quhill the commoditie of thair transport be offerrit This is ane abuse most intollerable, the lyk quhairof hes not bene hard of in this Kingdome quhairupoun suche ane generall and universall complaint is maid be his Majesteis subjectis throughout the haill Kingdome as yf thay levit not in the conditioun of frie subjectis bot war under the slaverie and tyrrannie of strangearis Thairfoir the saidis lordis ordanes lettres to be direct to command charge and inhibite the saidis three Capitanes and utheris officiaris and memberis of thair companyis that they onnawys presome nor tak upoun hand to cary or transport furth of this realme to the said Kingdome of Swaden ony sojouris and men of weare under quhatsomevir cullour or pretext quhill first they obtene licence of oure Soverane Lord to that effect, and that this licence be intimat to his Majesteis counsell and thair consent haid thairunto under the pane of dead As alsua that thay onnawise presome to presse and be violence to tak and detene ony men heirefter under the said pane certifeing thame that failyees or sall do in the contrair heirof that they salbe followit and persewit takin apprehendit and execute to the dead without favour And siclyk to command charge and inhibite the maisteris awnaris skipperis and marinaris of all and quhatsomevir shippis and veshellis that they onnawyse presome nor tak upoun hand to louse and mak saill nor to transport ony of the saidis Capitanes or thair companyis furth of this realme under quhatsomevir cullour or pretens under the pane of confiscation of the saidis schippis and veschellis to his Majesteis use, and furder under the pane of dead to be execute upoun the saidis maisteris awnaris skipperis and marineris incais thay failyee in the premissis, And for this effect to fens and arrest the saidis schippis and veschellis and to tak thair saillis fra the raes quhairthrough thay depairt not And to command and charge the provestis and bailleis of the burrowis and townes in whose roadis or harboryis the saidis schippis and veshellis ar lyand that they go aboard of the saidis schippis concurre with his Majesteis officeris in making of the said arrestment and taking of the saillis fra the raes And siclyk that they examine the haill personis being within the saidis schippis quhidder or not they haif bene violentlie tane and detenit aganis their willis and yf ony within the saidis schippis will complene of violent taking and detentioun, that the saidis provestis and bailleis see thame put to libertie furth of the saidis shippis And siclyk to command and charge all schireffis justices of peace and utheris magistratis and officeris to burgh and land that quhensoevir thay sall heir or be adverteist be complaynt or utherwis that ony personis ar violentlie tane and detenit that thay immediatlie rys follow and persew the same personis and the takaris of thame and keep thame in sure firmance quhill ordour be tane for thair triall and punneishment as appertineth.

4.

[Sidenote: Charge aganis Colonell Ramsay.]

Forsamekle as the lordis of secrete counsell hes laitlie ressavit some directioun from the Kingis Majestie concerning thir men of weare listit under the pay and command of Colonell ---- Ramsay to be transportit to the weares of Swaden Thairfoir the saidis lordis ordanes lettres to be direct chargeing the said Colonell ---- Ramsay to compeir personalie befoir the saidis lordis upoun the morne efter the charge to heir and sie his Majesteis will pleasour and directioun in this mater imparted and signifeit unto him and such ordour tane thairin as may gif unto his Majestie contentment and satisfactioun under the pane of rebellioun etc. with certificatioun etc.

Followis his Majesteis missive and warrant for the
proclamatiounis and actis abovewritten.

Richt trustie and richt weilbelovit cosen and counsellour We greit you weill At what tyme the last service of Sir Robert Ker of Ancrum in the Midle schyres wes relaitit unto ws, we understood that he haid apprehendit a nomber of malefactouris quhairof some wer executed some sett at libertie upoun cautioun and some sent to Swaden, whiche last point we nather could then nor yett can understand what it meaneth, for whareas it is said that thair is a Colonell and certane Capitanes leveying men thair to go to Sweden we wonder that ony subject of ouris dare presome in that kynd to serve ony forreyne prince not onlie without oure licence bot directlie aganis oure meaning and speciall promeis maid to our deare bruther the King of Denmark: in respect quhairof we planelie refuisit the King of Swaden to assist or send ony of oure subjectis to his service and also recalled Sir James Spens of Wolmerstoun not sufferring him ather ony longer to serve the said King or to remane in his dominionis till now that we haif sent him as our ambassadour It is thairfoir our pleasour that ye certifie us what that leveying of soldiouris meaneth by what authoritie it is done and that ye mak stay of all proceiding thairin till yee sall be adverteist of oure fardir pleasour concerning that mater. And so we bid you fairweill at our court at Kirbie the last of July 1612.

5.

Apud Edinburgh quinto Augusti 1612.

Sederunt

SECRETER SIR JEDEOUN MURRAY
ADVOCAT SIR JOHNNE ARNOT

[Sidenote: Charge aganis maisteris of shippis].

The lordis of secrete counsell according to the Kingis Majesteis will pleasour and directioun signifeit unto thame ordanes officeris of armes to pas command and charge the maisteris awneris skipperis and marineris of shippis and veshellis frauchted for transport of sojouris to Swaden, that thay bring in thair shippis to the harborie of Leyth and thair suffer thame to ly and onnawise lowse nor depairt quhill thay understand the counsellis will and pleasour towardis thame within twa houris nixt efter the charge undir the pane of rebellioun and putting of thame to the horne, and yf thay failyee the said space being bipast to denunce thame rebellis and to put thame to the horne and to command and charge the Admirall and his deputis the provest and bailleis of Edinburgh the bailleis of Leyth and Bruntyland to convocat his Majesteis lieges yf neid beis and to go aboard of the saidis schippis and to see this directioun and command be satisfeit and obeyit and as the occasioun sall fall out upoun the refuisall and dissobedience of the saidis skipperis or oppositioun and resistance to be maid be ony of the personis within the schippis, that the saidis Admirall provest and bailleis with the concurrance and assistance of his Majesteis goode subjectis to be assemblit be thame, compell and force the saidis skipperis and marineris to gif thair obedyence and to bring thair shippis to the said harborie, for doing quhairof thir presentis salbe unto thame a warrant and commissioun And yf ony personis being within the saidis schippis complene of thair forceable detentioun and that the Capitanes and utheris refuis to put thame to libertie, that the saidis Admirall provest and bailleis assist and see thame put to libertie, and suche malefactouris as wer delyverit unto the Capitanes to be transportit that the said Admirall provest and bailleis tak thame bring thame ashoir and put thame in sure firmance quhill thay understand the counsellis will towardis thame.

6.

Apud Edinburgh decimo quinto Augusti 1612.

Sederunt

BLANTYRE
SECRETER ADVOCAT
KILSYTH SIR JOHNNE ARNOT

[Sidenote: Charge aganis souldiouris.]

Forsamekle as it hes pleasit the Kingis Majestie upoun some speciall caussis and considerationis to gif ordour and directioun that the companyis of men laitlie listed undir the charge and commandiment of Colonell Ramsay and some utheris capitanes for the weares of Swaden salbe brokin and that thay sall noway be transportit to Swaden to serve in these wearres, And seing the saidis companyis according to his Majesteis pleasour and commandiment ar now to be sett on land to the effect that thay and every ane of thame may repair to the placeis of thair former aboad and residence and thair attend thair severall charge and calling Necessar it is for the better preserving of his Majesteis peace and keeping of good reule ordour and quyetnes in the countrey and for eschewing of suche disordouris and insolencyis as may fall out alsweill amangis the companyis thameselffis as be thair occasioun aganis his Majesteis good subjectis yf thay be sufferrit ony space to remane togidder or to travell in nomberis and companyis through the countrey That thairfoir immediatlie efter thair landing thay dissolve thame selffis and that no nomberis of thame remane togidder bot that thay seperat thame selffis and addresse thame in peaceable and quyet manner without offending his Majesteis subjectis in thair travelling through the countrey, ffor quhilk purpois ordanes lettres to be direct to command and charge all and sindrie personis listed and tane up for the wearres of Swaden be oppin proclamatioun at the shoir and peir of Leyth at the mercat croce of Bruntyland and utheris places neidfull, that thay and every ane of thame within the space of tua houris after thair landing dissolve thameselffis and repair every ane of thame in quyet and peaceable manner to thair awne dwellingis and placeis of residence and that no nomberis nor companyis of thame exceiding tua personis remane togiddir upoun quhatsomevir cullour or pretens under the pane of dead Certifeing thame that failyees or dois in the contrair that thay salbe apprehendit and the said pane of dead execute upoun thame and to command and charge all schireffis justices of peace and magistratis to burgh and land, that thay and every ane of thame as thay sall happin to challange ony personis travelling through the countrey who ar or may be suspectit to be men of wearre yf thay pas tua in nomber or yitt yf thay commit ony disordour or insolence in thair going through the countrey that thay apprehend thame and committ thame to waird as malefactouris and detene thame quhill ordour be gevin for thair puneishment.

7.

[Sidenote: Act anent the landing of the soldiouris.]

The lordis of secrete counsell haveing hard the propositioun maid be Colonell Ramsay tuicheing his willing dispositioun to randir his obedience to the Kingis Majestie by dissolveing and brecking of the companyis of men of wearre laitlie listit under his regiment and commandiment for the wearres of Swaden and tuicheing the advis and opinioun cravit be him in what forme and ordour he sould dissolve his companyis and quhair he sould sett thame on land The saidis lordis being advisit with the said propositioun thay haif prescryvit and sett down to the said Colonell the ordour following to be observit and keept be him in the dissolving and landing of his saidis companyis, videlicet, that he sett the ane half thairof aland at Leyth and the uther half of the same at Bruntyland, and that the said Colonell tak exact triall and examinatioun amangis his capitanes and sojouris what personis wer delyverit to thame be the commissionaris of the lait bordouris and quhat uthiris personis thay haif ressavit out of the toilbuith of Edinburgh and Dunbar And that he caus all thir personis be delyverit in suirtie to the bailleis of Edinburgh to be committit to waird in thair toilbuith ay and quhill ordour be tane with thame as appertynes, and that this pairt be first performed afoir the landing of the rest of the companyis.

8.

Apud Edinburgh xj Septembris 1612.

Sederunt

CHANCELLAR JUSTICE CLERK
ROXBURGH CLERK REGISTER
BLANTYRE ADVOCAT
PRESIDENT SIR ALEXANDER DRUMOND
PREVIESEILL SIR JOHNNE ARNOT

[Sidenote: Charge aganis Colonell Ramsay.]

The lordis of secrete counsell ordanes lettres to be direct chargeing Colonell ---- Ramsay to compeir personalie befoir the saidis lordis upoun the xviij day of September instant to answer to suche thingis as salbe demandit of him tuicheing the lait levey maid be him of a grite nomber of his Majesteis subjectis to haif bene transportit be him furth of this realme for the weares of Swaden under the pane of rebellioun and putting of thame to the horne with certificatioun to him and he failyee lettrez salbe direct simpliciter to put him thairto.

9.

Apud Edinburgh xviij Septembris 1612.

Sederunt

CHANCELLAR PRESIDENT
ERGYLE CLERK REGISTER
MONTROIS ADVOCAT
LOUTHIANE JUSTICE CLERK
ROXBURGH SIR JEDEOUN MURRAY

[Sidenote: Denunce Colonell Ramsay].

Anent the charge gevin be vertew of oure Soverane lordis lettres to Colonell Andro Ramsay to haif comperit personalie befoir the lordis of secrete counsell this present auchtene day of September instant to haif answerit to suche thingis as sould haif bene demandit of him tuicheing the lait levey maid be him of a grite nomber of his Majesteis subjectis to haif bene transportit be him furth of this realme for the weares of Swaden under the pane of rebellioun and putting of him to the horne with certificatioun to him and he [failyeed] lettres wald be direct simpliciter to put him thairto lyk as at mair lenth is contenit in the saidis lettrez executionis and indorsationis thairof Quhilkis being callit and the said Colonell Andro Ramsay not comperand Thairfoir the lordis of secrete counsell ordanes lettres to be direct chargeing officeris of armes to pas and denunce the said Colonell Andro Ramsay his Majesteis rebell and to put him to his hienes horne and to escheat etc.

FOOTNOTE:

[143] "Extracts from the Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, MS., General Register House, Edinburgh."

III.

DOCUMENTS[144] FROM STATE ARCHIVES, STOCKHOLM.

COMMISSION FROM GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS TO SIR JAMES SPENS.

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, Dei gratiâ, Svecorum, Gothorum, Wandalorumq^e princeps hæreditarius; Magnus dux Finlandiæ, Esthoniæ Wesmanniæq^e princeps, etc.

Gratiam favorem, singularemq^e nostram benignitatem atq^e clementiam etc. illustris et generose nobis sincere dilecte, domine Jacobe Spentz; non dubitamus qvin recenti in memoria habeas, qvid serenissimo potentissimoq^e principi ac Domino, Domino CAROLO nono, Svecorum, Gothorum, Wandalorumq^e regi etc. Domino et parenti nostro charissimo, laudatissimæ recordationis, sancte sincereq^e promiseris, qvidve Sua Regia Majestas à te clementer suas per literas postulaverit. Cum itaq^e bellum à rege Daniæ adversus Dominum parentem pie sancteq^e prædefunctum, nos, nostramq^e patriam iniqve susceptum continuetur, et nos ad reprimendos hostium impetus, milite etiam peregrino indigeamus, eam ob causam te qvam clementer rogatum volumus, ut cum ter millenis illis promissis, probatæ fidei spectatæq^e fortitudinis militibus, et qvidem peditibus (equites enim non curamus) tuum ad nos reditum matures, omnemq^e in id operam impendas, ut ad Calendas Aprilis, anni iam proximi seqventis, cum præfato militum numero armis necessariis probè instructo, in portu Elsburgensi comparere qveas. Hoc autem ut eò felicius faciliusq^e præstare valeas, utq^e nos absq^e mora et tergiversatione, tuâ militumq^e tuorum operâ adversus hostes nostros uti possimus, clementer tibi, vel plenam abs te potestatem habentibus viginti millenos imperiales, in civitate Hamburgensi, per serenissimæ reginæ, matris nostræ charissimæ, nostrosq^e commissarios numerandos curabimus; clementer etiam atq^e etiam desiderantes, ut eam, quâ serenissimo parenti, gloriosissimæ memoriæ, obligatus tenebaris, fidelitatem serenissimæ qvoq^e matri nostræ, nobis, nostrisq^e regnis præstare haud tergiverseris. Cum præterea certò nobis persvasum habeamus, hæc omnia, aliaq^e salutem nostram, nostrorumq^e regnorum incrementum concernentia (quæ iudicio tuo tuæq^e discretioni relinqvimus), per te qvam diligentissime effectum iri, non dubitabis qvin ipsum id, qvemadmodum etiam qvicqvid in præfatos milites, ultra viginti millenos illos imperiales, nostro nomine impenderis, tibi à nobis, suo tempore, qvam clementissime compensetur. Porro tibi significandum duximus, nos cum duce nostro, nobis sincerè dilecto Johanne Mœnichovio, transegisse, ut millenos, omnibus necessariis armis probè instructos, milites pedites, ex Hollandia, vere primo, Elsburgam asportet. Si itaq^e naves militesq^e tuos navibus prænominati Mœnichovii adjunxeris, foret hoc nobis qvam gratissimum. Ita enim esset classis vestra hostium classi, si forte vobis obviam venerit, non modo par, verum etiam, ut bene speramus, longè superior. Qvod te haud celandum censuimus.

Hisce divini numinis protectioni te clementer commendamus. Ex arce Nycopensi, die 16 Novembris, Anni 1611.

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS.
M.P.

Illustri et generoso, copiarum nostrarum Britannicarum generali, Domino Jacobo Spentz, libero baroni in Wolmersthon, etc.

(_Traces of a seal._)

_Translation._

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, _by the grace of God, Hereditary Prince of the Swedes, the Goths, and the Vandals; Grand Duke of Finland, Prince of Esthonia, Westmannia, etc._

Our gracious favour, special benignity and grace, etc. Illustrious and noble, our truly and dearly beloved Sir James Spens; we have no doubt that you keep fresh in memory your sacred and true promise to the most serene and mighty Prince and Lord, CHARLES the Ninth, King of the Swedes, the Goths, Vandals, etc., our dearly beloved Lord and Sire, of highly extolled memory, (as to) what his Royal Majesty graciously required from you in his letters. Therefore, inasmuch as the war, unrighteously entered upon by the King of Denmark against our Sovereign Sire, predeceased in the odour of sanctity, against ourselves, and against our country, is continued, and we are in need of foreign soldiers as well [as native], wherewith to check the attacks of the enemy,--on this account we request you with all courtesy to hasten your return to us with those promised three thousand soldiers of proved faithfulness and bravery, and, namely, infantry (for we do not care to have cavalry); and that you will do your best to be present in Elfsborg Harbour by the first of April in this next coming year, with the before-mentioned number of troops, properly equipped with the needful accoutrements. Now, that you may be in a condition to do this the more successfully and easily, and that we, without delay and interruption, may be able to avail ourselves of your services and those of your soldiers against our enemies, we shall graciously order twenty thousand imperials, to be paid in the city of Hamburg, to you or to those fully authorized by you, through the agents of the Most Serene Queen, our dearly beloved Mother, and our own, urgently entreating you not to hesitate to observe the same loyalty by which you were held bound to our Most Serene Father of very glorious memory, to our Most Serene Mother also, to ourselves and our realms. Moreover, while we are surely persuaded that all these things, and others that concern our safety and the aggrandizement of our kingdom (which things we leave to your judgment and discretion), will be attended to by you with the utmost care, you will rest assured that the aforesaid sum, as also whatever you shall disburse in our name upon the above-mentioned soldiers over and above the twenty thousand imperials, shall be most graciously repaid by us at the proper time. Furthermore, we have thought right that it should be notified to you that we have arranged with our general, our truly beloved Johannes Mœnichovius, that he is to transport his thousand infantry, fully furnished with necessary arms, from Holland to Elfsborg in the beginning of the spring. If, therefore, you combine your fleet and army with the ships of the aforesaid Mœnichovius, we shall be extremely glad. For thus the combined fleet would be not merely equal to the enemy's fleet, if it should chance to come in contact with you, but, as we are justified in hoping, far superior. And we have considered that this should not be concealed from you. Herewith we graciously commend you to the protection of the divine Deity (Power). From the Castle of Nyköping, November 16, in the year 1611.

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS.
(_Sign manual._)

_Letter from_ SIR ROBERT ANSTRUTHER _to_ SIR JAMES SPENS.

Honarabile and my verie good Lord my best service remembred unto your selfe

* * * * *

in England all things are in lyke staite as you left I have recauite toe sundre letters from his Maieste, wharin he commands me to excuse his pairte, annent that leuie of men whitch coronell ramsay haith maide in scotland, he protests at it is score agienst his will and altogiddar disauutches the deede sainge at if he haide not heard of it in time, he haide biene the most dishonored prince by ther goinge, bot the are stayed and the men dissolued, except neere four hundreth[145] that went awaye afore the kould be stayed, captaine Hay, and captaine Sinckler, and captain Allexander ramsay brother to the princes man, and good Sir herie brusse are chanched in norrowaye, and are all killd by the bourrs except some faue prisoners, whitch are send for to be examined and we looke for them daylie; the common bruict blames you to be ther heade bot I stifflie denie it, assuring the king that I deare giue my woorde for your Innocence; other neus heere ar none....

* * * * *

Faruell from Koppenhauen the 26 of September Anno 1612

your treue and affectionet
and seruant att all time
ROBERT ANSTRUTHER.

To the ryght honorable, and my very
good Lord: The Lord off Wormeston,
Ambassadour from His
M^{tie} of Great Brittaine to Sueden.

_Letter from the Duke of Lennox[146]_ "_To the Right honorable my very good Lord My Lord Stainbuk Baron of Torpe and Overstaine, of his Ma^{tie} priuie counsell of Sweden_."

My Lord this gentleman Williame Stuart my seruant whome I ame bond to doo for bothe for his fathers caus whome I did affect, as also for his own, haueing giuen sufficient proue of his good cariage, a yeare ago did lift a company of fotmen to serue His Ma^{tie} of Sweden to his great Losse. Be reason that after he had sent before some parte of his company[147] whiche was stayed in Norway, himself with the rest was stayed by the kings [=com]andement heare. Wherfore the gentleman hauing an earnest desyre to give proue of his affection to his M^{aties} seruice could not be stayed be any persuasion of frends frome the said jornay: therfore out of the asseurance I doo giue my self of your L^{ps} loue, I most recommend him to y^r L favor, that for my caus you will vse the means to got him preferred, and what charge soever His Ma^{tie} shall esteem him worthie of I wil bee answearable for his fidelitie and duetifulnes in the same and I shall reputed it ase a singulare pleasure done to my self and shall alwyse be reddy to requyte it and all other your L. kyndnesses in what soever occasion I can stand you in stead: therfore trusting in your furtherance for this gentlemans preferment I shall ever rest

Your L^{ps} very Louing frend
LENOX.

Frome the Hage the 14 (19?) of Maj 1613.

FOOTNOTES:

[144] In manuscript.

[145] The true number was ascertained after the arrival of the prisoners at Copenhagen.

[146] Son of Esme Stewart of Aubigny, the first favourite of King James I. His uncle, Robert, sixth earl of Lennox, having agreed to accept the earldom of March in exchange for that of Lennox, he, in March 1580, received a charter of the latter earldom, which a year later was erected into a dukedom.

[147] Alexander Ramsay made no mention of these men in his deposition. (See page 145.)

IV.

DOCUMENTS[148] FROM STATE ARCHIVES, COPENHAGEN.

First Official Report to the DANISH CHANCELLOR respecting the Scottish Expedition, from the Norwegian Stadtholder ENVOLD KRUSE and Others.

_Translation from the Danish._[149]

(_Address._)

Our most friendly greeting now and ever in the Lord! Dear Lord Chancellor, particularly good friend, we thank the Chancellor kindly for favours evinced, which we would at all times desire to repay in whatever manner might be to the honour or benefit of the Chancellor.

In the next place, we cannot omit to communicate to the Chancellor somewhat at length, on account of the nature of the matter, how on or about the 19th or 20th of August last two Scottish ships arrived off Romsdalen, in the province of Bergenhuus, with a number of soldiers, and landed them there. What ports those ships hailed from, and by whom they were fitted out, as also who it was that procured them, is to be ascertained from their own report and deposition hereunto annexed.[150]

And straightway the next day after their arrival they betook themselves inland, and proceeded along the country road over a fjeld called Mæratoppene, whereupon they entered the valley of Gudbrandsdal, which is to the southward of the mountain range, and in this province of Aggershuus; and they had taken with them two Bönder of Romsdalen as guides. But when one of his Royal Majesty's lensmen in the parish of Vaage, which is situated in the above-mentioned bailiwick of Gudbrandsdal, by name Lauritz Hage, perceived this, he at once roused the Bönder and peasantry in the two parishes of Læssöe and Vaage, and went forth against the said Scots and foreign troops. And when he perceived they were too strong for him, he advanced for two or three days and kept before them along the road, without, however, engaging in any skirmish or fight. Meanwhile, he sent messengers to the peasantry in the two adjoining parishes, called Froen and Ringeböe, who quickly came to his assistance; and when they were in this manner gathered they were four hundred and five men strong. Thus he advanced in front of them along the road until he saw his advantage at a fjeld called Kringelen, situated in Vaage parish, which they were obliged to pass. Thus he hemmed them in between the rock on one side and a large river close by on the other side, in which advantageous position he quietly encamped in the woods, and there lay with his men until the foreign soldiers arrived there, without, however, supposing or knowing aught but that the Norwegian troops were still withdrawing along the road before them.

The above-mentioned Lauritz Hage, having made his arrangements and perceived his advantage, attacked, together with another lensmand, Peder Rankleff of Ringeböe, and with all their men together they fired upon the foreign troops and shot them to death during an hour and a half. Those who were not shot jumped into the river to save themselves, but were there drowned; and those of them who got alive over the river were quickly killed by the Bönder on that side,--all of which happened and occurred on the 26th of August last.

From the Bönder who were themselves present at the battle, and who buried and counted the dead and the defeated, we learn that the foreign soldiers must no doubt have numbered at the least five hundred and fifty men, although the Scots who remained alive, and of whom there are altogether eighteen, will not admit that they were more than three hundred and fifty men strong at the utmost.

On the day the battle took place one hundred and thirty-four Scots were taken prisoners, who were straightway the next day killed and shot by the Bönder, with the exception of the above-mentioned eighteen, the Bönder saying to each other that his Royal Majesty had enough to feed in those same eighteen. Some of these were, however, wounded, and some had bullets in their bodies when they arrived here. Of the above-mentioned eighteen soldiers we now send to you the three principal ones, who are a captain of the name of Alexander Ramsay, and his lieutenant of the name of Jacob Mannepenge (James Moneypenny), who has previously been both in Denmark and Sweden, and who on this their expedition served as an interpreter. The third is called Herrich Bryssz (Henry or Harry Bruce), who, according to his own statement, has served as a soldier in Holland, Spain, and Hungary.[151]

As regards the remaining fifteen persons, some of them have straightway taken service among good folk here in the country; some of them who will willingly serve your Royal Majesty in Jörgen Lunge's regiment I sent at once to Elfsborg. What has further occurred in this matter is, as already stated, all to be ascertained from their own statements, which are written down. As to what knowledge can be obtained from the letters that were found on them we can say nothing this time, for when they (the Scots) were taken prisoners the Bönder took all those letters to themselves, from which we now have our certain knowledge, (and) what can be ascertained from them, so soon as we receive them, shall be straightway sent to the Chancellor; and if we on our part can serve the Chancellor to his honour, advantage, and command, he shall always find us willing. The Chancellor is hereby commended to God Almighty. Done at Aggershuus the 17th of September 1612.

(Signed) ENWOLDT KRUSSZE.
Own hand.
(L. S.)

OLUFF GALDE.
Own hand.
(L. S.)

PEDER IFFRSEN.
Own hand.
(L. S.)

(Sealed with their several signets on uncoloured wax.)

Second Official Report to the DANISH CHANCELLOR and the Danish Stadtholder respecting the Scottish Expedition, from the Norwegian Stadtholder ENVOLD KRUSE and Others.

_Translation from the Danish._[152]

(_Address._)

To the honourable and well-born men, Christian Friis of Borreby, His Royal Majesty's Chancellor, and Breide Ranndtzow of Ranndtzshollen, His Majesty's Stadtholder, our particularly good friends, addressed in perfect friendliness.

Our most friendly greeting now and ever in the Lord. Dear friends, we thank you kindly for favours evinced, which we would at all times desire to repay, in whatever manner might be to your honour or benefit.

Dear friends, our last letter to you announced that, so soon as we received information from the bailie in Gudbrandsdal of certain letters found on the Scots who were defeated and taken prisoners at that place, we would forward it to you as soon as we received the letters, in case that any reliable information should be found in them respecting their plans and armament. And we do not believe that there is anything in them from which any information on those points can be obtained, so far as the said letters can be correctly read or construed.

We have now recently been written to and informed that their real colonel[153] and captain, the person mentioned by the Scots themselves in the Scottish Relation (which we sent you last), is now at sea with four ships filled with soldiers, with the same intention as the others of landing the troops somewhere in this country, and afterwards proceeding with them into Sweden. This the bailie at Sondmöer has written to Lauritz Gram, who is bailie in Gudbrandsdalen. This appears, however, not to be true, seeing that His Royal Majesty of England has forbidden them to do this, as is to be further seen by the before-mentioned Relation which was forwarded to you.

We have also since ascertained that those Scots who were defeated and captured on their march through this country have absolutely neither burned, murdered, nor destroyed anything on their march through this country, either in Romsdalen, or in Gudbrandsdalen, excepting alone one Danish man, who lives in the Romsdal, Söffrenn Settnes; from him they have taken a box filled with various kinds of silver, both tankards, belts, "stabbe," and other such wrought silver, which man has now recently been in Gudbrandsdalen, to the bailie there, and wanted to get back his silver, if any of it had been found on the defeated Scots; but the Bönder of Gudbrandsdalen will not hitherto acknowledge having got any. If otherwise is subsequently found to be the case, it shall all be returned to him. And it was the plan of the before-mentioned Scots to have made their way into Sweden through Gudbrandsdalen, over a mountain called Österdalsfjeld, in the parish of Tönset, which they all could have done easily in five days' time at the utmost, had not God the most Almighty by this defeat ... them.

Of the Norwegian people were only shot ... six men and ten or twelve somewhat "saa" ... (? saarede = wounded) ... remain alive. This ... "ligen"(?) will let you know.[154] And we will personally do whatever may be to your service or pleasure. Commending you hereby to God the most Almighty. Done at Aggershuus the third of October in the year 1612.

ENWOLDT KRUSSZE.
Own hand.
(L. S.)

ANDERS GREEN.
With own hand.
(L. S.)

OLUFF GALDE.
Own hand.
(L. S.)

PEDER IFFUERSON.
Own hand.
(L. S.)

This manuscript is endorsed,

"ENVOLD KRUSZIS, ANDERS GREENS,
OLUFF GALDIS, and PEDER IFFUERSENS.

"Letter. Rec^d (?) Haff. (Copenhagen) 4 Nov. 1612.

"1. Respecting the Scottish soldiers who were defeated in Gudbrandsdalen; transmitting a great heap of letters found on them.

"2. Their real commander said to be at sea with 4 ships; considered untrue.

"3. They neither took nor burned anything in Norway, unless it be some (?) silver they took from a Dane in Romsdalen."

FOOTNOTES:

[148] In manuscript.

[149] From a copy made from the original manuscript at Copenhagen, and more perfect than that obtained by Dean Krag. The thanks of the author are due in this respect to Mr. J. F. R. Krarup, Registrar of the Danish State Archives, as well as to Messrs. Herbst and Blom of Copenhagen for researches undertaken at the kind request of Professor George Stephens, LL.D., also of Copenhagen. Most of the proper names in this translation have been modernized.

[150] These documents have not hitherto been found in the Danish Archives.

[151] No mention of James Scott, who was among the prisoners at Copenhagen.

[152] This translation has been made from a more perfect copy than the one hitherto published, and for which the author is indebted to Mr. M. Birkeland, Keeper of the State Archives in Norway.

[153] No doubt Colonel Andrew Ramsay.

[154] The dots show where words are wanting, because a piece of paper (which was the upper part of that to which the seals were affixed) is lost from the third page.

Index to Names of Persons.

Anderson, J., 15.

Anne, of Denmark, 36.

Anstruther, Sir Robert, 15, 19, 34, 36, 42, 43, 47, 133, 135, 136,
138-142, 146, 157, 159, 177, 178.

Argyll, Duke of, 172.

Arneberg, Lieutenant, 59.

Arnot, Sir J., 160, 167, 169, 171.

Bache, N., 30.

Barre, Sieur de la, 151, 156.

Berg, C. J. C., 106.

Bergen, A. van, 126.

Bilde, Steen, 16, 23-29, 128.

Bing, 122.

Biockne, 87.

Birkeland, M., 184.

Bismarck, Prince, 19.

Bjelke, O., 129.

Björnstjerna, M. de, 15.

Blantyre, 169, 171.

Bloch, N. H. C., 121, 128.

Blom, 180.

Bratt, Thor, 128.

Breden, O., 92.

Bruce, Sir Henry, 43, 54, 113, 142, 143, 159, 177, 182.

Bruce, Robert, chaplain, 36.

Bulow, J., 152, 157.

Caithness, Earl of, 50, 51, 127.

Calder, J. T., 14, 71.

Carr, Sir Robert, 39, 46, 158, 166.

Chambers, 14.

Charles IX., 18, 20, 33, 43, 44, 75, 142, 143, 145, 151, 156, 173, 175.

Christian II., 80.

Christian IV., 18, 31, 33, 36, 49, 75, 76, 90, 128, 143, 145.

Christian V., 125.

Christian VI., 59, 122.

Cronholm, 19, 24, 28.

Cumberland, Duke of, 116.

Dickson, Thomas, 15.

Douglas, Robert, 19, 147, 150, 155.

Drummond, Sir A., 171.

Due, General, 19, 149, 154.

Dundee, 105.

Eckre, P., 129.

Elizabeth, Princess, 32.

Eneboe, B., 86.

Fenton, Viscount, 46, 146.

Fjerdingreen, K., 108, 120, 124.

Frederick, Elector Palatine, 32.

Frederick III., 126.

Frederick IV., 123.

Friis, C., 143-146, 184.

Galde, O., 183, 186.

Gordon, Sir Robert, 14, 50, 51.

Gram, L., 86, 90-92, 95, 185.

Green, A., 186.

Greig, 19, 149, 154.

Gude, artist, 11.

Gunstad, A. N., 101, 129.

Guri, 49, 101, 103, 104, 108, 130.

Gustavus Adolphus, 12, 14, 16, 18-20, 24, 29-33, 43, 65, 75, 134, 142,
149, 150, 153, 156, 173, 175, 177.

Hage, L., 13, 52, 53, 90-92, 95, 118, 128, 129, 181, 182.

Hakon VI., 127.

Halkett, General, 22, 45, 66, 144, 146.

Hay, Captain G., 38, 40, 43, 45, 51, 65, 67, 141, 144, 145, 164, 177.

Heftye, Consul Thomas, 64.

Heftye, Johannes, 64, 120, 121, 124.

Henderson, J., 50.

Hepburn, Sir J., 14.

Herbst, 180.

Hjorthöi, 94, 95, 104, 116, 123, 129.

Hume, Earl, 139.

Iffrsen, P., 183, 186.

Jahn, F. H., 19, 28, 34, 56.

James I. (England), 15, 16, 19, 32-37, 42, 46, 47, 57, 127, 137, 178.

James III. (Scotland), 127.

James V. (Scotland), 65.

John, Duke, 56, 149, 153.

Johnstone, Laird of, 50.

Jörgenstad, A., 92.

Jude, C. J., 16, 24.

Keith, Earl-Marshal, 36.

Ker, Captain, 38, 40, 164.

Ker, Sir Robert. _See_ Carr.

Killie, P., 120.

Kilsyth, Secretary, 160, 169.

Kingo, Bishop, 123.

Kingston, A., 15.

Kjerulf, O. R., 64, 122.

Klognæs, P., 48, 49, 80-83, 88, 89, 110, 115, 125.

Klüwer, 80.

Kostomaroff, 49.

Krabbe, T., 129.

Kraft, 126.

Krag, Rev. H. P. S., 12, 13, 48, 64, 75, 128, 180.

Krarup, J. F. R., 180.

Kruse, E., 13, 14, 42, 43, 49, 54, 55, 61, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 90, 92,
95, 98, 107, 110-112, 114, 180, 183, 184, 186.

Kruus, Colonel, 56.

Lache, Sir Thomas, 138, 142, 159.

Lagerheim, C. H. de, 15.

Laing, 14.

Laurgard, A., 92.

Laurvig, Count, 127.

Lauterbraos, T., 152, 157.

Learmonth, 19, 149, 153, 154.

Lennox, Duke of, 32, 46, 134, 146, 178, 179.

Lothian, 172.

Lunge, J., 54, 113, 152, 157, 183.

Mackay, John, 65.

Malmström, C. G., 15.

Mary, Queen of Scots, 64.

Matheson Family, 118.

Matzen, C., 19, 149, 154.

Maxwell, Lord, 50, 51.

Minas, General, 116.

Moneypenny, James, 43, 54, 113, 142-144, 146, 182.

Mönnichhofen (Munkhaven, Menigowe), 12, 15-25, 28-30, 32, 34, 37, 45,
58, 66, 75-78, 128, 136, 137, 144, 146, 149, 150, 154, 155, 174,
176.

Montrose, 172.

Moreno, General, 116.

Munch, A., 77.

Munthe, 114.

Murray, Sir J., 167.

Nielsen, Yngvar, 17, 21, 24, 45, 60.

Nisbet, James, 45, 144, 146.

Nordrehuus, 87.

Ogilvye, W., 137.

Olafsen, O. O., 14.

Oolstad, O., 92.

Orkney, Earl of, 127, 133, 134.

Oscar II, King, vi., 65.

Otto, Governor, 148, 153.

Pederson, J., 16, 24.

Pontoppidan, Bishop, 123.

Pottinger, Sir H., 71.

Pryngle, 134.

Puffendorff, 12, 13, 76.

Rahbek, K. L., 130.

Ramsay, Alexander, 35, 43-48, 54, 56, 65-67, 113, 141-146, 177, 178,
182.

Ramsay, Andrew, 19, 34, 35, 37-39, 41, 43-47, 49, 51, 66, 135-137, 140,
142, 144-148, 150, 152, 153, 155, 157-159, 166, 169-172, 184.

Ramsay, Sir John, 35.

Ramus, J., 75.

Randklev, P., 13, 53, 95, 128, 129, 182.

Rantzow, B., 44, 142-146, 184.

Rochester, Viscount, 46.

Romoengard, O., 92.

Roslyn, Earl of, 127.

Roxburgh, 171, 172.

Rutherford, General, 19, 149, 154.

St. Clair Family, 126, 127.

Salisbury, Earl of, 127.

Schefler, H., 151, 156.

Schell, 128.

Schlegel, 76.

Schöning, 84.

Scott, James, 43, 142-144, 146.

Scott, Sir Walter, 127, 137.

Sejelstad, B., 13, 95, 102, 104, 106, 121, 128, 129.

Setnæs, S., 55, 185.

Shepherd, J. S., 71.

Sinclair, Sir Andrew, 65, 126, 127.

Sinclair, David, 50, 126.

Sinclair, Francis, 126.

Sinclair, Gregers, 126.

Sinclair, Henry, 126.

Sinclair, George, 11, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 49-51, 57, 63, 65, 67, 71-73,
76-80, 82, 85, 87, 92, 96, 102-105, 111, 112, 120-122, 124-130,
141, 144, 145, 164, 177.

Sinclair, Mrs. G., 80, 108, 109, 124.

Sinclair, John, 51.

Skaktavl, 80.

Skjenna, A., 100, 130.

Skytte, J., 45.

Slange, N., 12, 24, 76-78, 90, 93, 95, 114, 122.

Sneedorff, F., 114.

Somerset, Earl of, 46.

Somerville, T. T., 75.

Sophia, Queen, 56.

Spens, Sir James, 16, 20, 24, 32-35, 43, 45, 75, 134, 137, 138, 167,
173, 175, 177, 178.

Steinbock, 133, 178.

Stephens, Dr. G., 180.

Stewart, Captain, 36, 134.

Stewart, Esme, 178.

Stewart, Robert, 133-136.

Stjernman, 126, 127.

Storm, E., 12, 14, 49, 55, 71, 77, 80, 85, 94, 99, 123, 130.

Ström, 126.

Stuart, 148-150, 152-154, 156.

Stuart, James, 134.

Stuart, William, 45, 134, 178.

Sturleson, S., 95.

Susanin, Ivan, 49.

Thaarup, 128.

Thott, Count, 128.

Tiedemann, artist, 11.

Tofte, 90.

Töndöffuel, T., 87.

Torrejos, General, 116.

Valde, J., 116, 117.

Ville, De la, 150, 154, 155.

Wang, J. S., 130.

Wauchope, 19, 149, 154.

Wergeland, H., 130.

Werlauff, 114.

Wibe, J., 125.

Widikindi, 12, 13, 76.

Willoughby, Lord, 19.

Wilse, 128.

Wormiston, Laird of. _See_ Spens.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

Superscripts are denoted by ^ for example S^r and M^{tie}.

Macrons over one or more characters are denoted by [= for example
ca[=n]ot and [=com]andement.

A line of asterisks denotes omitted text. Thought breaks, and new
sections, are denoted by two blank lines.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources. Punctuation or lack
of it in the Appendix documents has been left unchanged.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.

Pg 96 (Illustration caption), 'ROMUNDGAARD' replaced by 'ROMUNGAARD'.
Pg 98 (Illustration caption), 'ROMUNDGAARD' replaced by 'ROMUNGAARD'.
Pg 157, 'Lauterbaos' replaced by 'Lauterbraos'.
Pg 166, 'blank space' for missing name replaced by '----'.
Pg 172, 'blank space' for missing name replaced by '----'.
Pg 183, (L. S.) indicates a letter seal.
Pg 186, (L. S.) indicates a letter seal.