Chapter XLIX: Appendix: Table of Presidents

NAME STATE PARTY YEAR IN VICE-PRESIDENT OFFICE 1 George Washington Va. Fed. 1789-1797 John Adams 2 John Adams Mass. Fed. 1797-1801 Thomas Jefferson 3 Thomas Jefferson Va. Rep. 1801-1809 Aaron Burr George Clinton 4 James Madison Va. Rep. 1809-1817 George Clinton Elbridge Gerry 5 James Monroe Va. Rep. 1817-1825 Daniel D. Tompkins 6 John Q. Adams Mass. Rep. 1825-1829 John C. Calhoun 7 Andrew Jackson Tenn. Dem. 1829-1837 John C. Calhoun Martin Van Buren 8 Martin Van Buren N.Y. Dem. 1837-1841 Richard M. Johnson 9 Wm. H. Harrison Ohio Whig 1841-1841 John Tyler 10 John Tyler[20] Va. Whig 1841-1845 11 James K. Polk Tenn. Dem. 1845-1849 George M. Dallas 12 Zachary Taylor La. Whig 1849-1850 Millard Fillmore 13 Millard Fillmore[20] N.Y. Whig 1850-1853 14 Franklin Pierce N.H. Dem. 1853-1857 William R. King 15 James Buchanan Pa. Dem. 1857-1861 J.C. Breckinridge 16 Abraham Lincoln Ill. Rep. 1861-1865 Hannibal Hamlin Andrew Johnson 17 Andrew Johnson[20] Tenn. Rep. 1865-1869 18 Ulysses S. Grant Ill. Rep. 1869-1877 Schuyler Colfax Henry Wilson 19 Rutherford B. Hayes Ohio Rep. 1877-1881 Wm. A. Wheeler 20 James A. Garfield Ohio Rep. 1881-1881 Chester A. Arthur 21 Chester A. Arthur[20] N.Y. Rep. 1881-1885 22 Grover Cleveland N.Y. Dem. 1885-1889 Thomas A. Hendricks 23 Benjamin Harrison Ind. Rep. 1889-1893 Levi P. Morton 24 Grover Cleveland N.Y. Dem. 1893-1897 Adlai E. Stevenson 25 William McKinley Ohio Rep. 1897-1901 Garrett A. Hobart Theodore Roosevelt 26 Theodore Roosevelt[20]N.Y. Rep. 1901-1909 Chas. W. Fairbanks 27 William H. Taft Ohio Rep. 1909-1913 James S. Sherman 28 Woodrow Wilson N.J. Dem. 1913-1921 Thomas R. Marshall 29 Warren G. Harding Ohio Rep. 1921- Calvin Coolidge

FOOTNOTES:

[20] Promoted from the vice-presidency on the death of the president.

POPULATION OF THE OUTLYING POSSESSIONS: 1920 AND 1910

----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------
AREA | 1920 | 1910
----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------
United States with outlying possessions |117,857,509 | 101,146,530
+--------------+---------------
Continental United States |105,708,771 | 91,972,266
Outlying Possessions | 12,148,738 | 9,174,264
+--------------|---------------
Alaska | 54,899 | 64,356
American Samoa | 8,056 | 7,251[21]
Guam | 13,275 | 11,806
Hawaii | 255,912 | 191,909
Panama Canal Zone | 22,858 | 62,810[21]
Porto Rico | 1,299,809 | 1,118,012
Military and naval, etc., service | |
abroad | 117,238 | 55,608
Philippine Islands |10,350,640[22]| 7,635,426[23]
Virgin Islands of the United States | 26,051[24]| 27,086[25]
----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------

FOOTNOTES:

[21] Population in 1912.

[22] Population in 1918.

[23] Population in 1903.

[24] Population in 1917.

[25] Population in 1911.

A TOPICAL SYLLABUS

As a result of a wholesome reaction against the purely chronological treatment of history, there is now a marked tendency in the direction of a purely topical handling of the subject. The topical method, however, may also be pushed too far. Each successive stage of any topic can be understood only in relation to the forces of the time. For that reason, the best results are reached when there is a combination of the chronological and the topical methods. It is therefore suggested that the teacher first follow the text closely and then review the subject with the aid of this topical syllabus. The references are to pages.

=Immigration=

I. Causes: religious (1-2, 4-11, 302), economic (12-17, 302-303),
and political (302-303).
II. Colonial immigration.
1. Diversified character: English, Scotch-Irish, Irish, Jews,
Germans and other peoples (6-12).
2. Assimilation to an American type; influence of the land
system (23-25, 411).
3. Enforced immigration: indentured servitude, slavery, etc.
(13-17).
III. Immigration between 1789-1890.
1. Nationalities: English, Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians
(278, 302-303).
2. Relations to American life (432-433, 445).
IV. Immigration and immigration questions after 1890.
1. Change in nationalities (410-411).
2. Changes in economic opportunities (411).
3. Problems of congestion and assimilation (410).
4. Relations to labor and illiteracy (582-586).
5. Oriental immigration (583).
6. The restriction of immigration (583-585).

=Expansion of the United States=

I. Territorial growth.
1. Territory of the United States in 1783 (134 and color map).
2. Louisiana purchase, 1803 (188-193 and color map).
3. Florida purchase, 1819 (204).
4. Annexation of Texas, 1845 (278-281).
5. Acquisition of Arizona, New Mexico, California, and other
territory at close of Mexican War, 1848 (282-283).
6. The Gadsden purchase, 1853 (283).
7. Settlement of the Oregon boundary question, 1846 (284-286).
8. Purchase of Alaska from Russia, 1867 (479).
9. Acquisition of Tutuila in Samoan group, 1899 (481-482).
10. Annexation of Hawaii, 1898 (484).
11. Acquisition of Porto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam at
close of Spanish War, 1898 (493-494).
12. Acquisition of Panama Canal strip, 1904 (508-510).
13. Purchase of Danish West Indies, 1917 (593).
14. Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo, and
Nicaragua (593-594).
II. Development of colonial self-government.
1. Hawaii (485).
2. Philippines (516-518).
3. Porto Rico (515-516).
III. Sea power.
1. In American Revolution (118).
2. In the War of 1812 (193-201).
3. In the Civil War (353-354).
4. In the Spanish-American War (492).
5. In the Caribbean region (512-519).
6. In the Pacific (447-448, 481).
7. The rôle of the American navy (515).

=The Westward Advance of the People=

I. Beyond the Appalachians.
1. Government and land system (217-231).
2. The routes (222-224).
3. The settlers (221-223, 228-230).
4. Relations with the East (230-236).
II. Beyond the Mississippi.
1. The lower valley (271-273).
2. The upper valley (275-276).
III. Prairies, plains, and desert.
1. Cattle ranges and cowboys (276-278, 431-432).
2. The free homesteads (432-433).
3. Irrigation (434-436, 523-525).
IV. The Far West.
1. Peculiarities of the West (433-440).
2. The railways (425-431).
3. Relations to the East and Europe (443-447).
4. American power in the Pacific (447-449).

=The Wars of American History=

I. Indian wars (57-59).
II. Early colonial wars: King William's, Queen Anne's, and King
George's (59).
III. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763 (59-61).
IV. Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 (99-135).
V. The War of 1812, 1812-1815 (193-201).
VI. The Mexican War, 1845-1848 (276-284).
VII. The Civil War, 1861-1865 (344-375).
VIII. The Spanish War, 1898 (485-497).
IX. The World War, 1914-1918 [American participation, 1917-1918]
(596-625).

=Government=

I. Development of the American system of government.
1. Origin and growth of state government.
_a._ The trading corporation (2-4), religious congregation
(4-5), and proprietary system (5-6).
_b._ Government of the colonies (48-53).
_c._ Formation of the first state constitutions (108-110).
_d._ The admission of new states (_see_ Index under each
state).
_e._ Influence of Jacksonian Democracy (238-247).
_f._ Growth of manhood suffrage (238-244).
_g._ Nullification and state sovereignty (180-182, 251-257).
_h._ The doctrine of secession (345-346).
_i._ Effects of the Civil War on position of states (366,
369-375).
_j._ Political reform--direct government--initiative,
referendum, and recall (540-544).
2. Origin and growth of national government.
_a._ British imperial control over the colonies (64-72).
_b._ Attempts at intercolonial union--New England
Confederation, Albany plan (61-62).
_c._ The Stamp Act Congress (85-86).
_d._ The Continental Congresses (99-101).
_e._ The Articles of Confederation (110-111, 139-143).
_f._ The formation of the federal Constitution (143-160).
_g._ Development of the federal Constitution.
(1) Amendments 1-11--rights of persons and states (163).
(2) Twelfth amendment--election of President (184, note).
(3) Amendments 13-15--Civil War settlement (358, 366, 369,
370, 374, 375).
(4) Sixteenth amendment--income tax (528-529).
(5) Seventeenth amendment--election of Senators (541-542).
(6) Eighteenth amendment--prohibition (591-592).
(7) Nineteenth amendment--woman suffrage (563-568).
3. Development of the suffrage.
_a._ Colonial restrictions (51-52).
_b._ Provisions of the first state constitutions
(110, 238-240).
_c._ Position under federal Constitution of 1787 (149).
_d._ Extension of manhood suffrage (241-244).
_e._ Extension and limitation of negro suffrage (373-375,
382-387).
_f._ Woman suffrage (560-568).
II. Relation of government to economic and social welfare.
1. Debt and currency.
_a._ Colonial paper money (80).
_b._ Revolutionary currency and debt (125-127).
_c._ Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140-141).
_d._ Powers of Congress under the Constitution to coin money
(_see_ Constitution in the Appendix).
_e._ First United States bank notes (167).
_f._ Second United States bank notes (257).
_g._ State bank notes (258).
_h._ Civil War greenbacks and specie payment (352-353, 454).
_i._ The Civil War debt (252).
_j._ Notes of National Banks under act of 1864 (369).
_k._ Demonetization of silver and silver legislation
(452-458).
_l._ The gold standard (472).
_m._ The federal reserve notes (589).
_n._ Liberty bonds (606).
2. Banking systems.
_a._ The first United States bank (167).
_b._ The second United States bank--origin and destruction
(203, 257-259).
_c._ United States treasury system (263).
_d._ State banks (258).
_e._ The national banking system of 1864 (369).
_f._ Services of banks (407-409).
_g._ Federal reserve system (589).
3. The tariff.
_a._ British colonial system (69-72).
_b._ Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140).
_c._ The first tariff under the Constitution (150, 167-168).
_d._ Development of the tariff, 1816-1832 (252-254).
_f._ Tariff and nullification (254-256).
_g._ Development to the Civil War--attitude of South and West
(264, 309-314, 357).
_h._ Republicans and Civil War tariffs (352, 367).
_i._ Revival of the tariff controversy under Cleveland (422).
_j._ Tariff legislation after 1890--McKinley bill (422),
Wilson bill (459), Dingley bill (472), Payne-Aldrich bill
(528), Underwood bill (588).
4. Foreign and domestic commerce and transportation
(_see_ Tariff, Immigration, and Foreign Relations).
_a._ British imperial regulations (69-72).
_b._ Confusion under Articles of Confederation (140).
_c._ Provisions of federal Constitution (150).
_d._ Internal improvements--aid to roads, canals, etc.
(230-236).
_e._ Aid to railways (403).
_f._ Service of railways (402).
_g._ Regulation of railways (460-461, 547-548).
_h._ Control of trusts and corporations (461-462, 589-590).
5. Land and natural resources.
_a._ British control over lands (80).
_b._ Early federal land measures (219-221).
_c._ The Homestead act (368, 432-445).
_d._ Irrigation and reclamation (434-436, 523-525).
_e._ Conservation of natural resources (523-526).
6. Legislation advancing human rights and general welfare
(_see_ Suffrage).
_a._ Abolition of slavery: civil and political rights of
negroes (357-358, 373-375).
_b._ Extension of civil and political rights to women
(554-568).
_c._ Legislation relative to labor conditions (549-551,
579-581, 590-591).
_d._ Control of public utilities (547-549).
_e._ Social reform and the war on poverty (549-551).
_f._ Taxation and equality of opportunity (551-552).

=Political Parties and Political Issues=

I. The Federalists _versus_ the Anti-Federalists [Jeffersonian
Republicans] from about 1790 to about 1816 (168-208, 201-203).
1. Federalist leaders: Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall,
Robert Morris.
2. Anti-Federalist leaders: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe.
3. Issues: funding the debt, assumption of state debts, first
United States bank, taxation, tariff, strong central
government _versus_ states' rights, and the Alien and
Sedition acts.
II. Era of "Good Feeling" from about 1816 to about 1824, a period
of no organized party opposition (248).
III. The Democrats [former Jeffersonian Republicans] _versus_ the
Whigs [or National Republicans] from about 1832 to 1856
(238-265, 276-290, 324-334).
1. Democratic leaders: Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun, Benton.
2. Whig leaders: Webster and Clay.
3. Issues: second United States bank, tariff, nullification,
Texas, internal improvements, and disposition of Western
lands.
IV. The Democrats _versus_ the Republicans from about 1856 to the
present time (334-377, 388-389, 412-422, 451-475, 489-534,
588-620).
1. Democratic leaders: Jefferson Davis, Tilden, Cleveland,
Bryan, and Wilson.
2. Republican leaders: Lincoln, Blaine, McKinley, Roosevelt.
3. Issues: Civil War and reconstruction, currency, tariff,
taxation, trusts, railways, foreign policies, imperialism,
labor questions, and policies with regard to land and
conservation.
V. Minor political parties.
1. Before the Civil War: Free Soil (319) and Labor Parties
(306-307).
2. Since the Civil War: Greenback (463-464), Populist (464),
Liberal Republican (420), Socialistic (577-579), Progressive
(531-534, 602-603).

=The Economic Development of the United States=

I. The land and natural resources.
1. The colonial land system: freehold, plantation, and manor
(20-25).
2. Development of the freehold in the West (220-221, 228-230).
3. The Homestead act and its results (368, 432-433).
4. The cattle range and cowboy (431-432).
5. Disappearance of free land (443-445).
6. Irrigation and reclamation (434-436).
7. Movement for the conservation of resources (523-526).
II. Industry.
1. The rise of local and domestic industries (28-32).
2. British restrictions on American enterprise (67-69, 70-72).
3. Protective tariffs (see above, 648-649).
4. Development of industry previous to the Civil War (295-307).
5. Great progress of industry after the war (401-406).
6. Rise and growth of trusts and combinations (406-412,
472-474).
III. Commerce and transportation.
1. Extent of colonial trade and commerce (32-35).
2. British regulation (69-70).
3. Effects of the Revolution and the Constitution
(139-140, 154).
4. Growth of American shipping (195-196).
5. Waterways and canals (230-236).
6. Rise and extension of the railway system (298-300).
7. Growth of American foreign trade (445-449).
IV. Rise of organized labor.
1. Early phases before the Civil War: local unions, city
federations, and national unions in specific trades
(304-307).
2. The National Trade Union, 1866-1872 (574-575).
3. The Knights of Labor (575-576).
4. The American Federation of Labor (573-574).
_a._ Policies of the Federation (576-577).
_b._ Relations to politics (579-581).
_c._ Contests with socialists and radicals (577-579).
_d._ Problems of immigration (582-585).
5. The relations of capital and labor.
_a._ The corporation and labor (410, 570-571).
_b._ Company unions and profit-sharing (571-572).
_c._ Welfare work (573).
_d._ Strikes (465, 526, 580-581).
_e._ Arbitration (581-582).

=American Foreign Relations=

I. Colonial period.
1. Indian relations (57-59).
2. French relations (59-61).
II. Period of conflict and independence.
1. Relations with Great Britain (77-108, 116-125, 132-135).
2. Establishment of connections with European powers (128).
3. The French alliance of 1778 (128-130).
4. Assistance of Holland and Spain (130).
III. Relations with Great Britain since 1783.
1. Commercial settlement in Jay treaty of 1794 (177-178).
2. Questions arising out of European wars [1793-1801]
(176-177, 180).
3. Blockade and embargo problems (193-199).
4. War of 1812 (199-201).
5. Monroe Doctrine and Holy Alliance (205-207).
6. Maine boundary--Webster-Ashburton treaty (265).
7. Oregon boundary (284-286).
8. Attitude of Great Britain during Civil War (354-355).
9. Arbitration of _Alabama_ claims (480-481).
10. The Samoan question (481-482)
11. The Venezuelan question (482-484).
12. British policy during Spanish-American War (496-497).
13. Controversy over blockade, 1914-1917 (598-600).
14. The World War (603-620).
IV. Relations with France.
1. The colonial wars (59-61).
2. The French alliance of 1778 (128-130).
3. Controversies over the French Revolution (128-130).
4. Commercial questions arising out of the European wars
(176-177, 180, 193-199).
5. Attitude of Napoleon III toward the Civil War (354-355).
6. The Mexican entanglement (478-479).
7. The World War (596-620).
V. Relations with Germany.
1. Negotiations with Frederick, king of Prussia (128).
2. The Samoan controversy (481-482).
3. Spanish-American War (491).
4. The Venezuelan controversy (512).
5. The World War (596-620).
VI. Relations with the Orient.
1. Early trading connections (486-487).
2. The opening of China (447).
3. The opening of Japan (448).
4. The Boxer rebellion and the "open door" policy (499-502).
5. Roosevelt and the close of the Russo-Japanese War (511).
6. The Oriental immigration question (583-584).
VII. The United States and Latin America.
1. Mexican relations.
_a._ Mexican independence and the Monroe Doctrine (205-207).
_b._ Mexico and French intervention--policy of the United
States (478-479).
_c._ The overthrow of Diaz (1911) and recent questions
(594-596).
2. Cuban relations.
_a._ Slavery and the "Ostend Manifesto" (485-486).
_b._ The revolutionary period, 1867-1877 (487).
_c._ The revival of revolution (487-491).
_d._ American intervention and the Spanish War (491-496).
_e._ The Platt amendment and American protection (518-519).
3. Caribbean and other relations.
_a._ Acquisition of Porto Rico (493).
_b._ The acquisition of the Panama Canal strip (508-510).
_c._ Purchase of Danish West Indies (593).
_d._ Venezuelan controversies (482-484, 512).
_e._ Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo,
and Nicaragua (513-514, 592-594).

INDEX

Abolition, 318, 331

Adams, Abigail, 556

Adams, John, 97, 128, 179ff.

Adams, J.Q., 247, 319

Adams, Samuel, 90, 99, 108

Adamson law, 590

Aguinaldo, 497

Alabama, admission, 227

_Alabama_ claims, 480

Alamance, battle, 92

Alamo, 280

Alaska, purchase, 479

Albany, plan of union, 62

Algonquins, 57

Alien law, 180

Amendment, method of, 156

Amendments to federal Constitution: first eleven, 163
twelfth, 184, note
thirteenth, 358
fourteenth, 366, 369, 387
fifteenth, 358
sixteenth, 528
seventeenth, 542
eighteenth, 591
nineteenth, 563ff.

American expeditionary force, 610

American Federation of Labor, 573, 608

Americanization, 585

Amnesty, for Confederates, 383

Andros, 65

Annapolis, convention, 144

Antietam, 357

Anti-Federalists, 169

Anti-slavery. _See_ Abolition

Anthony, Susan, 564

Appomattox, 363

Arbitration: international, 480, 514, 617
labor disputes, 582

Arizona, admission, 443

Arkansas, admission, 272

Arnold, Benedict, 114, 120

Articles of Confederation, 110, 139ff., 146

Ashburton, treaty, 265

Assembly, colonial, 49ff., 89ff.

Assumption, 164ff.

Atlanta, 361

Australian ballot, 540

Bacon, Nathaniel, 58

Ballot: Australian, 540
short, 544

Baltimore, Lord, 6

Bank: first U.S., 167
second, 203, 257ff.

Banking system: state, 300
U.S. national, 369
services of, 407
_See also_ Federal reserve

Barry, John, 118

Bastille, 172

Bell, John, 341

Belleau Wood, 611

Berlin decree, 194

Blockade: by England and France, 193ff.
Southern ports, 353
law and practice in 1914, 598ff.

Bond servants, 13ff.

Boone, Daniel, 28, 218

Boston: massacre, 91
evacuation, 116
port bill, 94

Bowdoin, Governor, 142

Boxer rebellion, 499

Brandywine, 129

Breckinridge, J.C., 340

Bright, John, 355

Brown, John, 338

Brown University, 45

Bryan, W.J., 468ff., 495, 502, 503, 527

Buchanan, James, 335, 368

Budget system, 529

Bull Run, 350

Bunker Hill, 102

Burgoyne, General, 116, 118, 130

Burke, Edmund, 87, 96ff., 132, 175

Burr, Aaron, 183, 231

Business. _See_ Industry

Calhoun, J.C., 198ff., 203, 208, 281, 321, 328

California, 286ff.

Canada, 61, 114, 530

Canals, 233, 298, 508

Canning, British premier, 206

Cannon, J.G., 530

Cantigny, 611

Caribbean, 479

Carpet baggers, 373

Cattle ranger, 431ff.

Caucus, 245

Censorship. _See_ Newspapers

Charles I, 3

Charles II, 65

Charleston, 36, 116

Charters, colonial, 2ff., 41

Chase, Justice, 187

Château-Thierry, 611

Checks and balances, 153

_Chesapeake_, the, 195

Chickamauga, 361

Child labor law, 591

China, 447, 499ff.

Chinese labor, 583

Churches, colonial, 39ff., 42, 43

Cities, 35, 36, 300ff., 395, 410, 544

City manager plan, 545

Civil liberty, 358ff., 561

Civil service, 419, 536, 538ff.

Clarendon, Lord, 6

Clark, G.R., 116, 218

Clay, Henry, 198, 203, 248, 261, 328

Clayton anti-trust act, 489

Clergy. _See_ Churches

Cleveland, Grover, 421, 465, 482, 484, 489, 582

Clinton, Sir Henry, 119

Colorado, admission, 441

Combination. _See_ Trusts

Commerce, colonial, 33ff.
disorders after 1781, 140
Constitutional provisions on, 154
Napoleonic wars, 176, 193ff.
domestic growth of, 307
congressional regulation of, 460ff., 547
_See also_ Trusts and Railways

Commission government, 544

Committees of correspondence, 108

_Commonsense_, pamphlet, 103

Communism, colonial, 20f.

Company, trading, 2f.

Compromises: of Constitution, 148, 150, 151
Missouri, 325, 332
of 1850, 328ff.
Crittenden, 350

Conciliation, with England, 131

Concord, battle, 100

Confederacy, Southern, 346ff.

Confederation: New England, 61f.
_See also_ Articles of

Congregation, religious, 4

Congress: stamp act, 85
continental, 99ff.
under Articles, 139f.
under Constitution, 152
powers of, 153

Connecticut: founded, 4ff.
self-government, 49
_See also_ Suffrage
constitutions, state

Conservation, 523ff.

Constitution: formation of, 143ff.
_See also_ Amendment

_Constitution_, the, 200

Constitutions, state, 109ff., 238ff., 385ff.

Constitutional union party, 340

Contract labor law, 584

Convention: 1787, 144ff.
nominating, 405

Convicts, colonial, 15

Conway Cabal, 120

Cornwallis, General, 116, 119, 131

Corporation and labor, 571. _See also_ Trusts

Cotton. _See_ Planting system

Cowboy, 431ff.

Cowpens, battle, 116

Cox, J.M., 619

_Crisis, The_, pamphlet, 115

Crittenden Compromise, 350

Cuba, 485ff., 518

Cumberland Gap, 223

Currency. _See_ Banking

Danish West Indies, purchased, 593

Dartmouth College, 45

Daughters of liberty, 84

Davis, Jefferson, 346ff.

Deane, Silas, 128

Debs, E.V., 465, 534

Debt, national, 164ff.

Decatur, Commodore, 477

Declaration of Independence, 101ff.

Defense, national, 154

De Kalb, 121

Delaware, 3, 49

De Lome affair, 490

Democratic party, name assumed, 260
_See also_ Anti-Federalists

Dewey, Admiral, 492

Diplomacy: of the Revolution, 127ff.
Civil War, 354

Domestic industry, 28

Donelson, Fort, 361

Dorr Rebellion, 243

Douglas, Stephen A., 333, 337, 368

Draft: Civil War, 351
World War, 605

Draft riots, 351

Dred Scott case, 335, 338

Drug act, 523

Duquesne, Fort, 60

Dutch, 3, 12

East India Company, 93

Education, 43ff., 557, 591

Electors, popular election of, 245

Elkins law, 547

Emancipation, 357ff.

Embargo acts, 186ff.

England: Colonial policy of, 64ff.
Revolutionary War, 99ff.
Jay treaty, 177
War of 1812, 198ff.
Monroe Doctrine, 206
Ashburton treaty, 265
Civil War, 354
_Alabama_ claims, 480
Samoa, 481
Venezuela question, 482
Spanish War, 496
World War, 596ff.

Erie Canal, 233

Esch-Cummins bill, 582

Espionage act, 607

Excess profits tax, 606

Executive, federal, plans for, 151

Expunging resolution, 260

Farm loan act, 589

Federal reserve act, 589

Federal trade commission, 590

_Federalist_, the, 158

Federalists, 168ff., 201ff.

Feudal elements in colonies, 21f.

Filipino revolt. _See_ Philippines

Fillmore, President, 485

Finances: colonial, 64
revolutionary, 125ff.
disorders, 140
Civil War, 347, 352ff.
World War, 606
_See also_ Banking

Fishing industry, 31

Fleet, world tour, 515

Florida, 134, 204

Foch, General, 611

Food and fuel law, 607

Force bills, 384 ff., 375

Forests, national, 525ff.

Fourteen points, 605

Fox, C.J., 132

France: colonization, 59ff.
French and Indian War, 60ff.
American Revolution, 116, 123, 128ff.
French Revolution, 165ff.
Quarrel with, 180
Napoleonic wars, 193ff.
Louisiana purchase, 190
French Revolution of 1830, 266
Civil War, 354
Mexican affair, 478
World War, 596ff.

Franchises, utility, 548

Franklin, Benjamin, 45, 62, 82, 86, 128, 134

Freedmen. _See_ Negro

Freehold. _See_ Land

Free-soil party, 319

Frémont, J.C., 288, 334

French. _See_ France

Friends, the, 5

Frontier. _See_ Land

Fugitive slave act, 329

Fulton, Robert, 231, 234

Fundamental articles, 5

Fundamental orders, 5

Gage, General, 95, 100

Garfield, President, 416

Garrison, William Lloyd, 318

_Gaspee_, the, 92

Gates, General, 116, 120, 131

Genêt, 177

George I, 66

George II, 4, 66, 82

George III, 77ff.

Georgia: founded, 4
royal province, 49
state constitution, 109
_See also_ Secession

Germans: colonial immigration, 9ff.
in Revolutionary War, 102ff.
later immigration, 303

Germany: Samoa, 481
Venezuela affair, 512
World War, 596f.

Gerry, Elbridge, 148

Gettysburg, 362

Gibbon, Edward, 133

Gold: discovery, 288
standard, 466, 472

Gompers, Samuel, 573, 608

Governor, royal, 49ff.

Grandfather clause, 386f.

Grangers, 460ff.

Grant, General, 361, 416, 480, 487

Great Britain. _See_ England

Greeley, Horace, 420

Greenbacks, 454ff.

Greenbackers, 462ff.

Greene, General, 117, 120

Grenville, 79ff.

Guilford, battle, 117

Habeas corpus, 358

Hague conferences, 514

Haiti, 593

Hamilton, Alexander, 95, 143, 158, 162, 168ff., 231

Harding, W.G., 389, 619

Harlem Heights, battle, 114

Harper's Ferry, 339

Harrison, Benjamin, 422, 484

Harrison, W.H., 198, 263f.

Hartford convention, 201ff., 238

Harvard, 44

Hawaii, 484f.

Hay, John, 477, 500ff.

Hayne, Robert, 256

Hays, President, 416f.

Henry, Patrick, 85

Hepburn act, 523

Hill, James J., 429

Holland, 130

Holy Alliance, 205

Homestead act, 368, 432

Hooker, Thomas, 5

Houston, Sam, 279ff.

Howe, General, 118

Hughes, Charles E., 602

Huguenots, 10

Hume, David, 132

Hutchinson, Anne, 5

Idaho, admission, 442

Income tax, 459, 466, 528, 588, 606

Inheritance tax, 606

Illinois, admission, 226

Illiteracy, 585

Immigration: colonial, 1-17
before Civil War, 302, 367
after Civil War, 410ff.
problems of, 582ff.

Imperialism, 494ff., 498f., 502ff.

Implied powers, 212

Impressment of seamen, 194

Indentured servants, 13f.

Independence, Declaration of, 107

Indiana, admission, 226

Indians, 57ff., 81, 431

Industry: colonial, 28ff.
growth of, 296ff.
during Civil War, 366
after 1865, 390ff., 401ff., 436ff., 559
_See also_ Trusts

Initiative, the, 543

Injunction, 465, 580

Internal improvements, 260, 368

Interstate commerce act, 461, 529

Intolerable acts, 93

Invisible government, 537

Iowa, admission, 275

Irish, 11, 302

Iron. _See_ Industry

Irrigation, 434ff., 523ff.

Jackson, Andrew, 201, 204, 246, 280

Jacobins, 174

James I, 3

James II, 65

Jamestown, 3, 21

Japan, relations with, 447, 511, 583

Jay, John, 128, 158, 177

Jefferson, Thomas: Declaration of Independence, 107
Secretary of State, 162ff.
political leader, 169
as President, 183ff.
Monroe Doctrine, 206, 231

Jews, migration of, 11

Johnson, Andrew, 365, 368, 371f.

Johnson, Samuel, 132

Joliet, 59

Jones, John Paul, 118

Judiciary: British system, 67
federal, 152

Kansas, admission, 441

Kansas-Nebraska bill, 333

Kentucky: admission, 224
Resolutions, 182

King George's War, 59

King Philip's War, 57

King William's War, 59

King's College (Columbia), 45

Knights of Labor, 575ff.

Kosciusko, 121

Ku Klux Klan, 382

Labor: rise of organized, 304
parties, 462ff.
question, 521
American Federation, 573ff.
legislation, 590
World War, 608ff.

Lafayette, 121

La Follette, Senator, 531

Land: tenure 20ff.
sales restricted, 80
Western survey, 219
federal sales policy, 220
Western tenure, 228
disappearance of free, 445
new problems, 449
_See also_ Homestead act

La Salle, 59

Lawrence, Captain, 200

League of Nations, 616ff.

Le Boeuf, Fort, 59

Lee, General Charles, 131

Lee, R.E., 357

Lewis and Clark expedition, 193

Lexington, battle, 100

Liberal Republicans, 420

Liberty loan, 606

Lincoln: Mexican War, 282
Douglas debates, 336f.
election, 341
Civil War, 344ff.
reconstruction, 371

Literacy test, 585

Livingston, R.R., 191

Locke, John, 95

London Company, 3

Long Island, battle, 114

Lords of trade, 67ff.

Louis XVI, 171ff.

Louisiana: ceded to Spain, 61
purchase, 190ff.
admission, 227

Loyalists. _See_ Tories

_Lusitania_, the, 601ff.

McClellan, General, 362, 365

McCulloch _vs._ Maryland, 211

McKinley, William, 422, 467ff., 489ff.

Macaulay, Catherine, 132

Madison, James, 158, 197ff.

Maine, 325

_Maine_, the, 490

Manila Bay, battle, 492

Manors, colonial, 22

Manufactures. _See_ Industry

Marbury _vs._ Madison, 209

Marietta, 220

Marion, Francis, 117, 120

Marquette, 59

Marshall, John, 208ff.

Martineau, Harriet, 267

Maryland, founded, 6, 49, 109, 239, 242

Massachusetts: founded, 3ff.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province, Industry, Revolutionary War,
Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Commerce, and Industry

Massachusetts Bay Company, 3
founded, 3ff.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province

_Mayflower_ compact, 4

Mercantile theory, 69

Merchants. _See_ Commerce

_Merrimac_, the, 353

Meuse-Argonne, battle, 612

Mexico: and Texas, 278ff.
later relations, 594f.

Michigan, admission, 273

Midnight appointees, 187

Milan Decree, 194

Militia, Revolutionary War, 122

Minimum wages, 551

Minnesota, admission, 275

Mississippi River, and West, 189f.

Missouri Compromise, 207, 227, 271, 325, 332

Molasses act, 71

Money, paper, 80, 126, 155, 369

_Monitor_, the, 353

Monroe, James, 204ff., 191

Monroe Doctrine, 205, 512

Montana, admission, 442

Montgomery, General, 114

Morris, Robert, 127

Mothers' pensions, 551

Mohawks, 57

Muckraking, 536f.

Mugwumps, 420

Municipal ownership, 549

Napoleon I, 190

Napoleon III: Civil War, 354f.
Mexico, 477

National Labor Union, 574

National road, 232

Nationalism, colonial, 56ff.

Natural rights, 95

Navigation acts, 69

Navy: in Revolution, 188
War of 1812, 195
Civil War, 353
World War, 610.
_See also_ Sea Power

Nebraska, admission, 441

Negro: Civil rights, 370ff.
in agriculture, 393ff.
status of, 396ff.
_See also_ Slavery

New England: colonial times, 6ff., 35, 40ff.
_See also_ Industry, Suffrage, Commerce, and Wars

New Hampshire: founded, 4ff.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and Constitutions,
state

New Jersey, founded, 6.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and
Constitutions, state

Newlands, Senator, 524

New Mexico, admission, 443

New Orleans, 59, 190
battle, 201

Newspapers, colonial, 46ff.

New York: founded by Dutch, 3
transferred to English, 49
_See also_ Dutch, Immigration, Royal province, Commerce, Suffrage,
and Constitutions, state

New York City, colonial, 36

Niagara, Fort, 59

Nicaragua protectorate, 594

Non-intercourse act, 196ff.

Non-importation, 84ff., 99

North, Lord, 100, 131, 133

North Carolina: founded, 6.
_See also_ Royal province, Immigration, Suffrage, and Constitutions,
state

North Dakota, admission, 442

Northwest Ordinance, 219

Nullification, 182, 251ff.

Oglethorpe, James, 3

Ohio, admission, 225

Oklahoma, admission, 443

Open door policy, 500

Oregon, 284ff.

Ostend Manifesto, 486

Otis, James, 88, 95f.

Pacific, American influence, 447

Paine, Thomas, 103, 115, 175

Panama Canal, 508ff.

Panics: 1837, 262
1857, 336
1873, 464
1893, 465

Parcel post, 529

Parker, A.B., 527

Parties: rise of, 168ff.
Federalists, 169ff.
Anti-Federalists (Jeffersonian Republicans), 169ff.
Democrats, 260
Whigs, 260ff.
Republicans, 334ff.
Liberal Republicans, 420
Constitutional union, 340
minor parties, 462ff.

Paterson, William, 196ff.

Penn, William, 6

Pennsylvania: founded, 6
_See also_ Penn, Germans, Immigration, Industry, Revolutionary War,
Constitutions, state, Suffrage

Pennsylvania University, 45

Pensions, soldiers and sailors, 413, 607
mothers', 551

Pequots, 57

Perry, O.H., 200

Pershing, General, 610

Philadelphia, 36, 116

Philippines, 492ff., 516ff., 592

Phillips, Wendell, 320

Pierce, Franklin, 295, 330

Pike, Z., 193, 287

Pilgrims, 4

Pinckney, Charles, 148

Pitt, William, 61, 79, 87, 132

Planting system, 22f., 25, 149, 389, 393ff.

Plymouth, 4, 21

Polk, J.K., 265, 285f.

Polygamy, 290f.

Populist party, 464

Porto Rico, 515, 592

Postal savings bank, 529

Preble, Commodore, 196

Press. _See_ Newspapers

Primary, direct, 541

Princeton, battle, 129
University, 45

Profit sharing, 572

Progressive party, 531f.

Prohibition, 591f.

Proprietary colonies, 3, 6

Provinces, royal, 49ff.

Public service, 538ff.

Pulaski, 121

Pullman strike, 465

Pure food act, 523

Puritans, 3, 7, 40ff.

Quakers, 6ff.

Quartering act, 83

Quebec act, 94

Queen Anne's War, 59

Quit rents, 21f.

Radicals, 579

Railways, 298, 402, 425, 460ff., 547, 621

Randolph, Edmund, 146, 147, 162

Ratification, of Constitution, 156ff.

Recall, 543

Reclamation, 523ff.

Reconstruction, 370ff.

Referendum, the, 543

Reign of terror, 174

Republicans: Jeffersonian, 179
rise of present party, 334ff.
supremacy of, 412ff.
_See also_ McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft

Resumption, 454

Revolution: American, 99ff.
French, 171ff.
Russian, 619

Rhode Island: founded, 4ff.
self-government, 49
_See also_ Suffrage

Roosevelt, Theodore, 492, 500ff., 531, 570

Royal province, 49ff.

Russia, 205, 207, 355, 479, 619

Russo-Japanese War, 511f.

Saint Mihiel, 612

Samoa, 481

San Jacinto, 280

Santa Fé trail, 287

Santo Domingo, 480, 513, 592

Saratoga, battle, 116, 130

Savannah, 116, 131

Scandinavians, 278

Schools. _See_ Education

Scott, General, 283, 330

Scotch-Irish, 7ff.

Seamen's act, 590

Sea power: American Revolution, 118
Napoleonic wars, 193ff.
Civil War, 353
Caribbean, 593
Pacific, 447
World War, 610ff.

Secession, 344ff.

Sedition: act of 1798, 180ff., 187
of 1918, 608

Senators, popular election, 527, 541ff.

Seven Years' War, 60ff.

Sevier, John, 218

Seward, W.H., 322, 342

Shafter, General, 492

Shays's rebellion, 142

Sherman, General, 361

Sherman: anti-trust law, 461
silver act, 458

Shiloh, 361

Shipping. _See_ Commerce

Shipping act, 607

Silver, free, 455ff.

Slavery: colonial, 16f.
trade, 150
in Northwest, 219
decline in North, 316f.
growth in South, 320ff.
and the Constitution, 324
and territories, 325ff.
compromises, 350
abolished, 357ff.

Smith, Joseph, 290

Socialism, 577ff.

Solid South, 388

Solomon, Hayn, 126

Sons of liberty, 82

South: economic and political views, 309ff.
_See also_ Slavery and Planting system, and Reconstruction

South Carolina: founded, 6
nullification, 253ff.
_See also_ Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Slavery, and Secession

South Dakota, 442

Spain: and Revolution, 130
Louisiana, 190
Monroe Doctrine, 205
Spanish War, 490ff.

Spoils system, 244, 250, 418, 536ff.

Stamp act, 82ff.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 564

States: disorders under Articles of Confederation, 141
constitutions, federal limits on, 155
position after Civil War, 366ff.
_See also_ Suffrage, Nullification, and Secession

Steamboat, 234

Stowe, H.B., 332

Strikes: of 1877, 581
Pullman, 581
coal, 526
_See also_ Labor

Submarine campaign, 600ff.

Suffrage: colonial, 42, 51
first state constitutions, 239
White manhood, 242
Negro, 374ff., 385f.
Woman, 110, 562ff.

Sugar act, 81

Sumner, Charles, 319

Sumter, Fort, 350

Swedes, 3, 13

Taft, W.H., 527ff.

Tammany Hall, 306, 418

Taney, Chief Justice, 357

Tariff: first, 167
of 1816, 203
development of, 251ff.
abominations, 249, 253
nullification, 251
of 1842, 264
Southern views of, 309ff.
of 1857, 337
Civil War, 367
Wilson bill, 459
McKinley bill, 422
Dingley bill, 472
Payne-Aldrich, 528
Underwood, 588

Taxation: and representation, 149
and Constitution, 154
Civil War, 353
and wealth, 522, 551
and World War, 606

Tea act, 88

Tea party, 92

Tenement house reform, 549

Tennessee, 28, 224

Territories, Northwest, 219
South of the Ohio, 219
_See also_ Slavery and Compromise

Texas, 278ff.

Tippecanoe, battle, 198

Tocqueville, 267

Toleration, religious, 42

Tories, colonial, 84
in Revolution, 112

Townshend acts, 80, 87

Trade, colonial, 70
legislation, 70. _See_ Commerce

Transylvania company, 28

Treasury, independent, 263

Treaties, of 1763, 61
alliance with France, 177
of 1783 with England, 134
Jay, 177, 218
Louisiana purchase, 191f.
of 1815, 201
Ashburton, 265
of 1848 with Mexico, 283
Washington with England, 481
with Spain, 492
Versailles (1919), 612ff.

Trenton, battle, 116

Trollope, Mrs., 268

Trusts, 405ff., 461, 472ff., 521, 526, 530

Tweed, W.M., 418

Tyler, President, 264ff., 281, 349

"Uncle Tom's Cabin," 332

Union party, 365

Unions. _See_ Labor

Utah, 290ff., 329, 442

Utilities, municipal, 548

Vallandigham, 360

Valley Forge, 116, 129

Van Buren, Martin, 262

Venango, Fort, 59

Venezuela, 482ff., 512

Vermont, 223

Vicksburg, 361

Virginia: founded, 3.
_See also_ Royal province, Constitutions, state, Planting system,
Slavery, Secession, and Immigration

Walpole, Sir Robert, 66

Wars: colonial, 57ff.
Revolutionary, 99ff.
of 1812, 199ff.
Mexican, 282ff.
Civil, 344ff.
Spanish, 490ff.
World, 596ff.

Washington: warns French, 60
in French war, 63
commander-in-chief, 101ff.
and movement for Constitution, 142ff.
as President, 166ff.
Farewell Address, 178

Washington City, 166

Washington State, 442

Webster, 256, 265, 328

Welfare work, 573

Whigs: English, 78
colonial, 83
rise of party, 260ff., 334, 340

Whisky Rebellion, 171

White Camelia, 382

White Plains, battle, 114

Whitman, Marcus, 284

William and Mary College, 45

Williams, Roger, 5, 42

Wilmot Proviso, 326

Wilson, James, 147

Wilson, Woodrow, election, 533f.
administrations, 588ff.

Winthrop, John, 3

Wisconsin, admission, 274

Witchcraft, 41

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 556

Women: colonial, 28
Revolutionary War, 124
labor, 305
education and civil rights, 554ff.
suffrage, 562ff.

Workmen's compensation, 549

Writs of assistance, 88

Wyoming, admission, 442

X, Y, Z affair, 180

Yale, 44

Young, Brigham, 290

Zenger, Peter, 48

* * * * *

Printed in the United States of America.

* * * * *

[Transcriber's notes:

Punctuation normalized in all _Underwood and Underwood, N.Y._

Superscripted letters are denoted with a caret. For example, G^O WASHINGTON.

Period added after Mass on verso page. Original read "Mass, U.S.A."