Chapter XXV: Conclusion (2)

[64] The conclusion arrived at, after a careful consideration of all producible evidence, by the Rorke’s Drift Commission, in 1878.

[65] A liability transferred to the Zulu king by Sir Bartle Frere in his correspondence with the Bishop of Natal.

[66] That is to say, that they may be bribed by substantial benefits to acquiesce in the loss of their liberties.

[67] Was it by inadvertence that Sir T. Shepstone speaks of “us” and “we,” thus producing a sentence so strangely and unhappily applicable?

[68] Italics not Sir B. Frere’s.

[69] Author’s italics throughout.

[70] Author’s italics.

[71] “_Ama_-Swazi” for the plural correctly, as also “Ama-Zulu.”

[72] Sir Henry Bulwer, speaking of the disputed territory generally, writes as follows: “The Zulu king had always, in deference very much to the wishes and advice of this Government (Natal), forborne from doing anything in respect of the question that might produce a collision, trusting to the good offices of this Government to arrange the difficulty by other means. But no such arrangement had ever been made; and thus the question had drifted on until the formal annexation of the disputed territory by the Government of the Republic last year, and their subsequent attempt to give a practical effect to their proclamation of annexation by levying taxes upon the Zulus residing in the territory, provoked a resistance and a feeling of resentment which threatened to precipitate a general collision at any moment.”—SIR H. BULWER, _June 29th, 1876_ (C. 1961, p. 1).

[73] Umtonga escaped again, and is now living in the Transvaal. His brother was still living in Zululand, as head of Umtonga’s kraal, at the beginning of the war, and no injury appears to have been done to any of the four.

[74] Thereby pointing the truth of his own remark at a previous date—March 30th, 1876 (1748, p. 24): “But messages from the Zulu king are becoming more frequent and urgent, and _the replies he receives seem to him to be both temporising and evasive_.” (Author’s italics).

[75] Immediately after they had signed the instrument of appointment the two Zulu messengers were sent in to the Government by Messrs. Smith and Colenso, and took with them a letter (C. 2000) which mentioned them as its bearers, and announced what they had done.

[76] ’Mfunzi and ’Nkisimane were sent down again to ’Maritzburg by Cetshwayo, at the request of Sir H. Bulwer, and denied the whole transaction, though it was attested by the signatures of the notary and two white witnesses. It was afterwards discovered that they had been frightened into this denial by a Natal Government messenger, who told them that they had made the Governor very angry with them and their king by making this appointment; and John Dunn also, after receiving letters from ’Maritzburg, told them that they had committed a great fault, and that he saw that they would never _all_ come home again.

[77] Messrs. Smith and Colenso’s explanatory letter to Sir M. Hicks-Beach, dated June 9th, 1878, concludes as follows:

“This business, as far as we are concerned, is, therefore, ended. We had hoped to be instrumental in embodying in a contract a proposal which we knew was advantageous to both parties. To do so only required the intervention of European lawyers trusted by Cetewayo. We knew that he trusted us, and would trust no others. The task of acting for the king was, therefore, imposed on us as lawyers and as gentlemen. Of pecuniary reward, or its equivalent, our labours have brought us nothing. We do not require it. Honour we did not desire, nor had a savage prince any means of conferring it. The duty thus undertaken we give up only in despair, and we have nothing to regret.

“Such information, however, as we have gleaned in the course of our agency you are entitled to hear from us, as we are British subjects.

“The Zulus are hostile to the Boers of the Transvaal, and would fight with them but for fear of being involved in a quarrel with the English. But neither Cetewayo himself, who is wise and peaceful, nor the most hot-blooded of his young warriors have any desire to fight with England, _i.e._ Natal.

“If they wished to do so there is nothing to prevent them, and never has been. As they march, they could march from their border to this city or to Durban in a little more than twenty-four hours. Their only fear is, that the English will come with an army ‘to make them pay taxes.’ They say they will rather die than do so. The king says the same. Almost every man has a gun. Guns and ammunition are cheaper at any military kraal in Zululand than at Port Natal. These goods are imported by Tonga men, who come in large gangs from Delagoa Bay, for white merchants. An Enfield rifle may be had for a sheep of a Tonga man; many have breech-loaders. The missionaries, whose principal occupation was trading, deal in ammunition. The missionaries have recently lost most of their converts, who have gone trading on their own account. Without these converts the missionaries cannot do business, and they have left the country, except Bishop Schreuder, who has gone back, that it may not be said that a white man is not safe there. Cetewayo says that he has asked the missionaries to stop. They have certainly not been turned out or threatened. Their going makes the Zulus think that we are about to invade the country.

“Nothing but gross mismanagement will bring about a quarrel between England and the Zulus.”—(P. P. [C. 2144] pp. 215, 216).

[78] This is apparently a figure of speech, since Luneburg, near which the kraal was being built, would seem by the map _not_ to lie “to the rear”—as seen from Zululand—of Utrecht, where Sir T. Shepstone was staying.

[79] Compare the account of the delay on the part of the Boer Government when Mr. Keate proposed to arbitrate. See last chapter, p. 182.

[80] 2144, p. 191.

[81] The Zulus, of course, would not have appreciated the convenience of a table and chairs; they had no “documents” to lay upon the former; and their opinion of the comfort of the latter is best expressed by the well-known Zulu saying that, “_Only Englishmen and chickens sit upon perches._” The mats provided for them were, therefore, a proper equivalent to the tables and seats placed for the other delegates.

[82] Sir Bartle Frere gives a very unfair account of this matter-of-course fact when he transmits to the Secretary of State the above despatch, “informing me of the incomplete result, in consequence of the attitude of Cetshwayo’s representatives at the Commission of Inquiry.”

[83] The king’s kraal at that time.

[84] The homestead specially spoken of in this case does not appear to have been destroyed or injured till March, 1879, in the midst of the war, nor was any human being, white or black, belonging to these farms, killed by this “savage, unbridled, revengeful nation,” before the war began.

[85] Apparently by Sir T. Shepstone’s orders, as the following phrase appears in one of the Boer protests against arbitration, April 25th, 1873: “The majority of the people have, by order of your Excellency, trekked into laager on December 14th last, and after having remained in laager for nearly five months, _we are to go and live on our farms again_.”

[86] The married women work in the mealie-gardens, etc., and the _little_ girls carry the babies; but the marriageable young women seem to have an interval of happy freedom from all labour and care.

[87] This was comprehensible during the attempt, which proved so signal a failure, on the part of Sir T. Shepstone, to impose a _marriage tax_ upon the natives. The tax was so extremely unpopular that it was thought advisable to relinquish it, and to make the desired increase in the revenue of the colony by doubling the hut-tax.

[88] Sir T. Shepstone, when he says (1137, p. 18) “Natal gives up the _cattle_ of Zulu refugees.... The refugees themselves are not given up,” plainly includes women amongst the cattle or “property” of the Zulus.

[89] And later, Nov. 18, 1878 (2222, p. 173), he says: “I do not hold the King responsible for the commission of the act, because there is nothing to show that it had his previous concurrence or even cognizance. But he becomes responsible for the act after its commission, and for such reparation as we may consider is due for it.”

[90] Since rifled by our troops, and the bones of the old king brought over to England.

[91] No “demand” was made until it appeared in Sir B. Frere’s ultimatum.

[92] On perusing the above italicised words, one learns for the first time that the ultimatum, which Sir Bartle Frere sent to the Zulu king a few months later, was actually sent for the express purpose of putting “an end to pacific relations with our neighbours.” This is hardly the light in which the British public has been taught to look upon the matter.

[93] Mr. H. Shepstone (Secretary for Native Affairs in the Transvaal) acknowledges that this fine was paid (2222, p. 99).

[94] Manyonyoba owed allegiance to Cetshwayo (as did Umbilini). He lived north of the Pongolo, in a part of the country over which Sir Bartle Frere and Sir Henry Bulwer altogether deny Cetshwayo’s supremacy, and was claimed as a subject of the Transvaal Government.

[95] Sir H. Bulwer says “they have suspected, quite wrongly, that we had some design against them in making it” (the new road to the drift). It is to be questioned how far their suspicion was a wrongful one, seeing that it was understood from the first that the drift was intended especially for military purposes, and was undoubtedly inspected by Mr. Smith for the same.

[96] Quotations from Mr. Deighton’s report to Mr. Wheelwright.

[97] Words applied to him by Mr. Brownlee, late Secretary for Native Affairs of the Cape Government.

[98] Author’s italics.

[99] On one of these visits a missionary is reported to have said to the king coarsely in Zulu, “You are a liar!” (unamanga!) upon which Cetshwayo turned his back to him, and spoke with him no more.

[100] Or rather he was angry with them for the rudeness which they committed in going _without taking leave_. He said they had never received anything but kindness from him, and might as well have paid him the compliment of a farewell salutation.

[101] Author’s italics.

[102] “Our Correspondent” of _The Daily News_ speaks, in to-day’s issue (November 17th, 1879), of the “tranquillising fear” of Cetshwayo having been removed from “our own native population.”

[103] A mere assertion, often made, but never supported by the slightest proof.

[104] And so the Rev. Mr. Glockner, speaking of the late war, says that they (the missionaries) had often warned the native chiefs of what would befall them, if they refused to become Christians.—_Vide The Scotsman, February 5th, 1880._

[105] Story of Maqamsela, from _The Natal Colonist_ of May 4th, 1877: “Another case referred to in our previous article was that of a man named Maqamsela, particulars of which, derived from eye-witnesses, we have received from different sources. On Friday, March 9th, he attended morning service at Etshowe mission station as usual, went home to his kraal, and at noon started to go over to the kraal of Minyegana, but was seized on the road and killed because he was a Christian!

“For many years he had wished to become a Christian, and this at his own desire was reported to Gaozi, his immediate chief, who _scolded him, saying, ‘it would occasion him_ (Gaozi) _trouble_.’ The earnest and repeated solicitation of Maqamsela was that the missionary (Mr. Oftebro) would take him to the king to obtain his permission to profess Christianity. Last winter the missionary consented to mention it to the king; but, _failing to see Gaozi first, deemed it imprudent to do so at that time_. Maqamsela was greatly grieved at this, saying, ‘I am not afraid of death; it will be well if I am killed for being a Christian.’ When an opportunity occurred of speaking to Gaozi about Maqamsela’s wish to be baptized, _he would give no direct answer, but complained of his bad conduct_. Maqamsela, however, persisted in his entreaties that his case should be reported to the king. ‘If they kill me because I believe, they may do so; the Lord will receive me. Has not Christ died for me? Why should I fear?’ A favourable opportunity of naming the matter to the king presented itself some time after. Cetshwayo appeared very friendly, and proposed that the Christians should pay a tax, but said that their service should be building houses for him when called; otherwise they might remain in peace. Maqamsela was then mentioned as being desirous to become a Christian. He was an old man, who could not leave his kraal, and could not come up to serve. He had therefore been eaten up, and had not now a single head of cattle. On his name being mentioned, the king replied that _he would say nothing, Gaozi, Minyegana, and Xubane not being there_. Maqamsela was glad when he heard what had been done, and said, ‘If they kill me now, it is all right.’

“A week later his time came. An induna, named Jubane, sent for him, and on his return from Jubane’s, an impi came to him, saying they had orders to kill him. He asked for what reason, and being told it was because he was a Christian and for nothing else, he said again, ‘Well, I rejoice to die for the word of the Lord.’ He begged leave to kneel down and pray, which he was allowed to do. After praying, he said, ‘Kill me now.’ They had never seen any man act in this manner before, when about to be killed, and seemed afraid to touch him. After a long pause, however, a young lad took a gun and shot him, and they all ran away.”

[106] This indiscriminate killing is disproved and denied by Cetshwayo himself and his principal chiefs (_vide_ “A Visit to King Ketshwayo,” “Macmillan’s Magazine,” March, 1878).

[107] Author’s italics throughout.

[108] Two Zulu prisoners, captured while on a peaceful errand, just before the commencement of hostilities, and who were permitted to reside at Bishopstowe when released from gaol, until they could safely return home, were questioned concerning these regulations, and said that they applied only to those who voluntarily joined the regiments, concerning which there was no compulsion at all, beyond the moral effect produced by the fact that it was looked upon, by the young people themselves, as rather a poor thing to do to decline joining. Once joined, however, they were obliged to obey orders unhesitatingly. These young men said that in the coast, and outlying districts, there were large numbers of people who had retained their liberty and married as they pleased, but that strict loyalty was the _fashion_ nearer the _court_. It was in these very coast districts that the Zulus surrendered during the late war, the _loyal_ inhabitants proving their loyalty to _the bitter end_.

[109] “We are equal,” said the interpreter; but the expression used is more correctly translated as above.

[110] The natives of Natal, “peaceful subjects of Her Majesty,” were living in perfect security on one side of the border, and the Zulus on the other, the two populations intermarrying and mingling in the most friendly manner, without the smallest apprehension of injury to life or property, when Sir B. Frere landed at Durban.

[111] Compare with 9 and 10 the distinct instructions on this point given by Lord Carnarvon during the previous year (1961, p. 60): “I request, therefore, that you will cause the missionaries to understand distinctly that Her Majesty’s Government cannot undertake to compel the king to permit the maintenance of the mission stations in Zululand.” Yet here the clause is made one of the conditions of an ultimatum, the alternative of which is war.

[112] Sir T. Shepstone’s incontrovertible, overwhelming, and clear evidence, sifted and proved worthless by the Commissioners.

[113] Sir Bartle Frere declares (Correspondence, p. 57) that Cetshwayo “could have known nothing of the memorandum,” although (_ibid._ p. 6) he himself asserts that “it was intended to explain for Cetshwayo’s benefit what was the nature of the cession to him,” and it was plainly very generally known, and therefore naturally by the king.

[114] Correspondence, p. 3.

[115] Ibid. p. 6.

[116] Compare with Sir Bartle Frere’s suggestion to Sir Henry Bulwer that the latter should persuade the Zulu king that the _Active_ and her fellows were mostly merchant vessels, but that the English war-vessels would be sufficient to _protect his coast_!

[117] Our own troops’ experience showed that this was no idle excuse.

[118] One of Colonel Durnford’s officers writes, January 26th, “that he (the Colonel) had worked so hard at equipping this Native Contingent, against much opposition, and took special pride in his mounted men, three hundred men, that he called ‘The Natal Native Horse.’”

[119] These words deserve special remark.

[120] After-events proved the fallacy of these “reports.” Even when the Zulus could have swept Natal with fatal effect, they refrained.

[121] Lord Chelmsford, January 16th, 1879. (P. P. [C. 2252] p. 63.)

[122] Captain N. Newman.

[123] Some Zulus (a chief named Gandama, and others) came into the camp on the 21st, saw the General, and were allowed to depart.—(P. P. [C. 2454] p. 182).

[124] P. P. (C. 2260) p. 81.

[125] Major Clery.

[126] “There were no high words,” Lieutenant Cochrane says, of any kind between the colonels, as some would lead the public to suppose. The above remarks are taken from Lieutenant Cochrane’s account of what passed; and he says: “I think no one lives who was present during the conversation but myself; so that anything said contradictory to my statement is _invented_.”

[127] Captain Essex, 75th Regiment.

[128] Lieutenant Raw, Natal Native Horse.

[129] Lieutenant Cochrane, 32nd Regiment.

[130] Mr. Brickhill.

[131] Having disengaged his men, Captain G. Shepstone said: “I must go and see where my Chief is,” and rode in again. His devotion cost him his life.

[132] Captain Gardner.

[133] Captain Essex.

[134] Lieutenant Curling, R.A.

[135] Captain Essex.

[136] Lieutenant Cochrane.

[137] Mr. Brickhill.

[138] Lieutenant Curling.

[139] Three mounted Zulu scouts were seen on the hills on the right from the rear guard, by an officer, who pointed them out to one of the staff.

[140] Some remarks made by Lieutenant Milne, R.N. (aide-de-camp), are worthy of notice: “_January 21st._—We then rode up to the high land to the left of our camp, the ascent very steep, but possible for horses. On reaching the summit of the highest hill, I counted fourteen Zulu horsemen watching us at the distance of about four miles; they ultimately disappeared over a slight rise. Two vedettes were stationed at the spot from where I saw these horsemen; they said they had seen these men several times during the day, and had reported the fact.... We then returned to camp, the General having determined to send out a patrol in this direction the next day.”—(P. P. [C. 2454] p. 183).

_January 22nd._—Lieutenant Milne was sent to the top of a hill to see what was doing in camp, and says: “On reaching the summit I could see the camp; all the cattle had been driven in close around the tents. I could see nothing of the enemy on the left” (_ibid._ p. 184).

“We are not quite certain about the time. But it is just possible that what I took to be the cattle having been driven into camp may possibly have been the Zulu ‘impi’” (_ibid._ p. 187).

[141] One message only is mentioned by the General or his military secretary as having been received from the camp. But an officer (of rank) _who had seen them_, says that five or six messages were received from the camp during the day by the General or his staff; and he says distinctly that the messages were in the possession of Lieut.-Colonel Crealock.

[142] About this hour the tents in camp suddenly disappeared.

[143] No spare ammunition was taken by the force with the General.

[144] The reserve ammunition is said to have been packed in waggons, which were then filled up with stores.

[145] The _first_ official mention of this appears in a Blue-book of August, 1879, where Lieutenant Milne, R.N. (aide-de-camp), says: “In the meantime, news came that Colonel Harness had heard the firing, and was proceeding with his guns and companies of infantry escorting them to camp. Orders were immediately sent to him to return and rejoin Colonel Glyn.”—(P. P. [C. 2454] p. 184).

[146] By the General’s directions this statement was to be “of the facts which came under his cognizance on the day in question.”—(P. P. [C. 2260] p. 80).

[147] “The panic and confusion were fearful,” says one of themselves.

[148] The number of prisoners thus killed is said to have been about twenty.

[149] Yet Sir B. Frere, on the 30th June, writes: “The position of Wood’s and Pearson’s columns effectually checked the execution of an attempt at invasion.” These two columns, being some ninety miles apart and secure in their own positions _only_, would have been of little avail _had_ the Zulu king desired to make “an attempt at invasion.” It needed no better strategists than Cetshwayo and his chiefs to have masked each of the posts at Kambula and Etshowe with some 5000 men, and then “the Zulus might march at will through the country.”

[150] Some officers who were with the advance column, and who afterwards visited Isandhlwana, say that they appear to have “tried to get the waggons together to form a laager,” but there was not time.

[151] With respect to this, Lord Chelmsford lays down a principle (relative to the border raids, but even more strongly applicable here) that if a force remains “on the passive defensive, without endeavouring by means of scouting in small bodies or by raiding in large ones, to discover what the enemy is doing in its immediate front, it deserves to be surprised and overpowered.”—(P. P. [C. 2318] p. 80).

[152] It is stated that on the previous evening there was no intention on the part of the Zulus to attack the camp upon the 22nd, which was not thought by them a propitious day, being that of the new moon. It is also said that the Zulu army came with pacific intentions, in order to give up Sihayo’s sons, and the cattle for the fine. In all probability they _left the king_ with such orders—that is to say, to make terms if possible, but to fight if forced to it, and if the English intentions were plainly hostile. This hostility was thoroughly proved before the morning of the 22nd, when the departure of Lord Chelmsford’s force from the camp must have been a strong temptation to the Zulus to attack the latter.

Warning of the Zulu army moving against Nos. 1 and 3 Columns was received on the border, and communicated to Mr. Fannin, Border Agent, on January 20th. The warning stated that the whole Zulu army, over 35,000 strong (except about 4000 who remained with the king), was marched in two columns, the strongest against Colonel Glyn’s column, the other against Colonel Pearson; this was to take up its position on the 20th or 21st January at the royal kraal near Inyezane, and the first to approach Rorke’s Drift. The writer complains of the little and inadequate use made of the information, which might have been communicated from Fort Pearson to Rorke’s Drift in time to have averted the fearful disaster of the 22nd January.—(P. P. [C. 2308] pp. 69, 70).

[153] P. P. (C. 2318) p. 12.

[154] Had Lord Chelmsford been acquainted with this peculiarity of the Zulus, he might not have thought it necessary to hurry away from Isandhlwana on the 23rd. There was no fear of the same force attacking again for some days to come.

[155] P. P. (C. 2318) pp. 11-17.

[156] Who, it is said, insisted upon the animals being fine and in good condition, returning some which were sent in below the required mark.

[157] Captain Clarke’s report (C. 2144), p. 37.

[158] Sir T. Shepstone to Sir H. Bulwer, April 16th, 1878 (C. 2144).

[159] Upon the Zulu border.

[160] C. 2367, p. 90.

[161] Sondolosi, deceased brother of Seketwayo.

[162] Trooper Grandier’s story of ill-treatment has since been contradicted by this Dutchman.

[163] C. 2374, p. 109.

[164] Nevertheless, during the end of March and beginning of April communications took place between the Lieut.-Governor and the General commanding, on this subject (C. 2318, p. 45); therefore _both_ the military and civil authorities _were_ aware of it.

[165] John Dunn is understood to have come back from his interview with the last peace messengers, and to have reported that the message was _bonâ fide_, and that Cetshwayo “means to have peace if possible.”

[166] This company of Native Pioneers (one of those organised by Colonel Durnford, R.E., before the war) was raised from the _employés_ of the Colonial Engineer Department, and commanded by Captain Beddoes of the same department; this officer being highly commended by his chief. The company worked under the supervision of Lieutenant Main, R.E., and rendered excellent service. Colonel Pearson remarked: “The men worked cheerfully. They had eyes like hawks, and they did their scouting to perfection.”

[167] One of the hardest workers in this department was Commissary J. W. Elmes, who distinguished himself by his untiring zeal and energy.

[168] P. P. (C. 2260) p. 104.

[169] P. P. (C. 2374) p. 115.

[170] Mr. Mansel, the officer commanding this troop of Natal Mounted Police, says: “When we went out the morning before the fight we left thirty-one men behind, men whose horses had sore backs, etc. These men were in charge of only a corporal. Seven men escaped, and we buried all of the twenty-four that were killed. Twenty were killed just around Colonel Durnford. Three about two hundred yards away, and one at the Fugitives’ Drift.”

[171] Properly Uzulu—the Zulu nation.

[172] The above is corroborated on all main points by Mehlokazulu, son of Sihayo, who states that he was sent with three other indunas (mounted), on the morning of the 22nd, to see what the English were doing. On reporting to Tshingwayo, he said, “All right, we will see what they are going to do.” “Presently,” says Mehlokazulu, “I heard Tshingwayo give orders for the Tulwana and Ngyaza regiments to assemble. When they had done so, he gave orders for the others to assemble and advance in the direction of the English camp. We were fired on first by the mounted men, who checked our advance for some little time.” He says the soldiers were at first “in loose order,” but afterwards he saw them “massing together,” when “they fired at a fearful rate.” When the Zulus broke the infantry and closed in, they “came on to a mixed party of mounted men and infantry men,” about one hundred, who “made a desperate resistance, some firing with pistols and others using swords, and I repeatedly heard the word ‘Fire!’ given by someone. But we proved too many for them, and killed them all where they stood. When all was over I had a look at these men, and saw a dead officer, with his arm in a sling and a big moustache (Colonel Durnford, R.E.), surrounded by dead carbineers, soldiers, and other men whom I did not know.”—_Vide R. E. Journal, Feb. 1880._

[173] Written for him by a Dutch trader, residing with him.

[174] This information he obtained through his messengers ’Mfunzi and ’Nkisimane, who were in Pietermaritzburg in June. The message (sent by Mr. Colenso) being, that the young officer killed at the Styotyozi river was a Prince; that his sword would be desired by his family, and that if Cetshwayo wanted to make peace he had better return it. The result was that, as soon as the king received the message, he sent the sword on to Lord Chelmsford.

[175] Amongst the wild natives of South Africa it is thought that the carrying of burdens is not a manly task. In a family of travelling Zulus the women and lads perform the duties of carriers, while the man of the party marches ahead, unencumbered except by his weapons, ready if necessary to defend his flock against the attack of man or beast. An officer, travelling in the eastern province some years ago, met and questioned a party proceeding in this fashion. “Why,” he asked the leader of the little band, “do you allow these women and girls to carry heavy loads, while you, a strong able-bodied man, have nothing but your assegais and knob-kerries in your hand?” Such questions are not seldom resented when they touch on native customs, and are asked in an overbearing manner. This officer was uniformly kind and courteous to the natives, and the man smilingly replied, “It is our custom, and the women prefer it;” referring his questioner to the women themselves for their opinion. The chief of these latter thereupon replied, with much grace and dignity: “Does the white chief think we would let _our man_ do woman’s work? It is our work to carry, and we should not like to see him do it.”

[176] The appearance of the native carrier on the march was very ludicrous. Picture a stalwart Kafir carrying his sleeping mats, provisions, cooking-pot, drinking-gourd, shield, bundle of assegais and knob-kerries, and perched on top of all, on his head, a fifty-pound mealie-bag; the result was likened to a Christmas-tree.

[177] A splendid elephant’s tusk (the Zulu emblem of international good-will and sincerity) had been sent by Cetshwayo, with one of his messages, to General Crealock; this Sir Garnet Wolseley sent home to the Queen, who thus has received a valuable present from her dusky antagonist.

[178] Mr. Colenso was acquainted with him, having, as already related, paid him a visit in 1877.

[179] At the same time many residents in Cape Town obtained, from mere motives of curiosity, that interview which, to those who had desired it for humanity’s sake, had been refused, while all who know his language, or are likely to sympathise, are rigidly excluded. Orders were given afterwards that the name of the Bishop of Natal should not be mentioned to Cetshwayo, “because it excited the prisoner.”

[180] We think this statement is hardly correct.

[181] _The Daily News_, 30th October, 1879.

* * * * *
* * * * *

_February 16, 1880._

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numerous Illustrations. Large crown 8vo 12_s._

“We welcome once more the freshest and most genial of the many
writers who aim at popularising among us habits of observation,
and the intelligent lover of natural history.”—_Graphic._

_BURCHETT (R.)_—

DEFINITIONS OF GEOMETRY. New Edition. 24mo, cloth, 5_d._

LINEAR PERSPECTIVE, for the Use of Schools of Art. Twenty-first
Thousand. With Illustrations. Post 8vo, cloth, 7_s._

PRACTICAL GEOMETRY: The Course of Construction of Plane
Geometrical Figures. With 137 Diagrams. Eighteenth Edition. Post
8vo, cloth, 5_s._

_BURNAND (F. C.), B.A., Trin. Coll. Camb._

THE “A. D. C.”; being Personal Reminiscences of the University
Amateur Dramatic Club, Cambridge. Demy 8vo, 12_s._ Second Edition.

“An eminently readable and pleasant book.”—_Examiner._

“A singularly amusing and interesting book.”—_Saturday Review._

_CAMPION (J. S.) late Major, Staff, 1st Br. C.N.G., U.S.A._—

ON THE FRONTIER. Reminiscences of Wild Sport, Personal
Adventures, and Strange Scenes. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo,
16_s._ Second Edition.

“Every chapter is a finished picture.... The book will not only
delight the sportsman, but will prove irresistibly attractive
to all who like good stories thoroughly well told. To those in
search of fresh information about the aborigines or animals or
physical geography of Western America, Major Campion’s work will
yield many new facts. We hope to meet him again.”—_Times._

ON FOOT IN SPAIN. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 16_s._ Second
Edition.

“No one will look for word-painting, elaborate description, or
profound observation in a book of this kind; and, moreover, the
author seems to have a positive dread of what he calls ‘Coming
Barlow over the reader’—referring, we presume, to the terrible
mentor of Sandford and Merton. But in an unpretending way it
gives a much more graphic picture of the scenery, people, and
ways of North Spain than many a more ambitious work. Few readers,
we imagine, will lay it down without feeling they have a clearer
idea of the country, and without feeling also a kind of liking
for the author.”—_Pall Mall Gazette._

_CARLYLE (DR.)_—

DANTE’S DIVINE COMEDY.—Literal Prose Translation of THE INFERNO,
with text and Notes. Second Edition. Post 8vo, 14_s._

CARLYLE BIRTHDAY BOOK. Prepared by permission of Mr. Thomas
Carlyle. Small crown 8vo, 3_s._

“An elegant little volume of the usual kind, with all its
quotations selected from Mr. Carlyle’s writings. Apart from its
primary use, this is really a book worth having, as it forms a
very good anthology of his wise and witty sayings.”—_Whitehall
Review._

_CLINTON (R. H.)_—

A COMPENDIUM OF ENGLISH HISTORY, from the Earliest Times to A.D.
1872. With Copious Quotations on the Leading Events and the
Constitutional History, together with Appendices. Post 8vo, 7_s._
6_d._

“This is an invaluable book. In 280 pages it gives the whole
course of the history from the earliest ages, judiciously
interspersed with quotations from the best historians down to our
own time....”—_Examiner._

_CRAIK (GEORGE LILLIE)_—

ENGLISH OF SHAKESPEARE. Illustrated in a Philological Commentary
on his Julius Cæsar. Fifth Edition. Post 8vo, cloth, 5_s._

OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Ninth Edition.
Post 8vo, cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._

_DAVIDSON (ELLIS A.)_—

PRETTY ARTS FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF LEISURE HOURS. A Book for
Ladies. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 6_s._

THE AMATEUR HOUSE CARPENTER: a Guide in Building, Making, and
Repairing. With numerous Illustrations, drawn on Wood by the
Author. Royal 8vo, 10_s._ 6_d._

_DAVISON (THE MISSES)_—

TRIQUETI MARBLES IN THE ALBERT MEMORIAL CHAPEL, WINDSOR. A Series
of Photographs. Dedicated by express permission to Her Majesty
the Queen. The Work consists of 117 Photographs, with descriptive
Letterpress, mounted on 49 sheets of cardboard, half-imperial.
Price £10 10_s._

_DE POMAR (THE DUKE)_—

FASHION AND PASSION; or, Life in Mayfair. New Edition. Crown 8vo,
6_s._

_DIXON (W. HEPWORTH)_—

BRITISH CYPRUS. Demy 8vo, with Frontispiece, 15_s._

“‘British Cyprus’ is in essential points an able and piquant
work, and full of fresh and valuable information.”—_Graphic._

THE HOLY LAND. Fourth Edition. With 2 Steel and 12 Wood
Engravings, Post 8vo, 10_s._ 6_d._

_DRAYSON (LIEUT.-COL. A. W.)_—

PRACTICAL MILITARY SURVEYING AND SKETCHING. Fifth Edition. Post
8vo, cloth, 4_s._ 6_d._

_DYCE (WILLIAM), R.A._—

DRAWING-BOOK OF THE GOVERNMENT SCHOOL OF DESIGN; OR, ELEMENTARY
OUTLINES OF ORNAMENT. Fifty selected Plates. Folio, sewed, 5_s._;
mounted, 18_s._

Text to ditto. Sewed, 6_d._

_ESCOTT (T. H. S.)_—

PILLARS OF THE EMPIRE: Short Biographical Sketches. Demy 8vo,
10_s._ 6_d._

“The editor of the present volume deserves praise for the skill
displayed both in arranging the gallery and in painting some
of the more striking portraits which adorn it. From first to
last these sketches are full of fresh and lively interest; and
it would be no easy matter to select any one chapter which at
all falls short of the high standard reached by the volume
as a whole. The story of the lives and achievements of the
distinguished men whose career is here so brightly and freshly
recorded presents many varied contributions to the history of
the Empire, which appear as different illustrations of Imperial
service and aspects of the Imperial idea.... With bright touches,
happy illustrations, and pithy epigrams the whole book abounds,
and is readable from first to last.”—_Standard._

_EWALD (ALEX. CHARLES), F.S.A._—

REPRESENTATIVE STATESMEN: Political Studies. Two Vols. Large
crown 8vo, 24_s._

“Contains much interesting matter well put together.... Mr. Ewald
has a happy knack of seizing the most salient points of the story
which he has to tell.”—_John Bull._

_FANE (VIOLET)_—

DENZIL PLACE: a Story in Verse. Crown 8vo, cloth, 8_s._

QUEEN OF THE FAIRIES (A Village Story) and other Poems. By the
Author of “Denzil Place.” Crown 8vo, 6_s._

ANTHONY BABINGTON: a Drama. By the Author of “Denzil Place,” “The
Queen of the Fairies,” &c. Crown 8vo, 6_s._

_FEARNLEY (W.), late Principal of the Edinburgh Veterinary College; Author of “Lectures on the Examination of Horses as to Soundness”_—

LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING, AND THE SUMMERING OF HUNTERS. With
Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 4_s._

“An excellent description (with diagrams) of the points of a
horse one by one, followed by an equally excellent appendix on
the ‘Summering of Hunters.’”—_Graphic._

_FITZ-PATRICK (W. J.)_—

LIFE OF CHARLES LEVER. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, 30_s._

“Mr. Fitzpatrick’s book is one of the most interesting of the
season; and we are glad that the task of writing about a writer
of whom all will be anxious to know all that can be known,
should have fallen into such conscientious and pains-taking
hands.”—_John Bull._

_FLEMING (GEORGE), F.R.C.S._—

ANIMAL PLAGUES: THEIR HISTORY, NATURE, AND PREVENTION. 8vo,
cloth, 15_s._

HORSES AND HORSE-SHOEING: their Origin, History, Uses, and
Abuses. 210 Engravings. 8vo, cloth, £1 1_s._

PRACTICAL HORSE-SHOEING: With 37 Illustrations. Second Edition,
enlarged. 8vo, sewed, 2_s._

RABIES AND HYDROPHOBIA: THEIR HISTORY, NATURE, CAUSES, SYMPTOMS,
AND PREVENTION. With 8 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, 15_s._

“Such a work as that now before us has long been a desideratum.
There have been useful treatises, more or less elaborated, upon
dog-madness, but there has not hitherto been any one which could
pretend to such a degree of completeness as the subject deserved.
It is not too much to say that Mr. Fleming has brought to its
consideration a remarkable amount of varied research and of
practical knowledge and judgment, and it must be acknowledged
that he has fulfilled the task he had assigned to himself in the
most ample and satisfactory manner.”—_Athenæum._

A MANUAL OF VETERINARY SANITARY SCIENCE AND POLICE. With 33
Illustrations. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, 36_s._

“His book is quite an encyclopædia of veterinary science, and
cannot fail to be of great value to all who have animals about
them. Mr. Fleming has resorted to the best authorities both in
this country and on the Continent, and has been able to add to
what he has obtained from them the results of a wide and varied
practical experience. His works on ‘Animal Plagues,’ and ‘Rabies
and Hydrophobia,’ have already secured his reputation as a writer
on veterinary science, and a material addition will be made
to it by the present extremely valuable and fairly exhaustive
treatise.”—_Pall Mall Gazette._

_FORSTER (JOHN)_—

THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS. With Portraits and other
Illustrations. 15th Thousand. 3 vols. 8vo, cloth, £2 2_s._

“Mr. Forster’s life of Dickens will always be eagerly read
as long as Dickens himself is eagerly read; and that will
be as long as Englishmen retain their delight in English
literature.”—_Spectator._

THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS. Uniform with the Illustrated Edition
of Dickens’s Works. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, £1 8_s._

THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS. Uniform with the Library Edition.
Post 8vo, 10_s._ 6_d._

THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS. Uniform with the “C. D.” Edition of
his Works. With Numerous Illustrations. 2 vols. 7_s._

THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS. Uniform with the Household Edition.
With Illustrations by F. BARNARD. Crown 4to, cloth, 4_s._ 6_d._;
paper, 3_s._ 6_d._

WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR: a Biography, 1775-1864. With Portraits and
Vignettes. A New and Revised Edition, in 1 vol. Demy 8vo, 12_s._

_FRANCATELLI (C. E.)_—

ROYAL CONFECTIONER: English and Foreign. A Practical Treatise.
With Coloured Illustrations. 3rd Edition. Post 8vo, cloth, 7_s._
6_d._

“Under the above abbreviated designation we are announcing a
work, the mere title-page of which is a catalogue of culinary
mysteries, and the programme of an exhibition of subtle and
ambrosial art. ‘The Royal English and Foreign Confectioner,’
as this title-page avers, is a practical treatise on the art
of confectionery in all its branches, comprising ornamental
confectionery artistically developed; different methods of
preserving fruit, fruit pulps, and juices in bottles, the
preparation of jams and jellies, fruit and other syrups,
summer beverages, and a great variety of national drinks; with
directions for making dessert cakes, plain and fancy bread,
candies, bonbons, comfits, spirituous essences, and cordials;
also, the art of ice-making, and the arrangement and general
economy of fashionable desserts. By Charles Elmé Francatelli,
pupil to the celebrated Carême, and late maître d’hotel to Her
Majesty the Queen, author of ‘The Modern Cook,’ ‘The Cook’s
Guide,’ and ‘Cookery for the Working Classes.’ With numerous
illustrations in chromo-lithography. We shall not affect to pass
judgment on the vast variety of recipes which carry out the
abundant promise of Francatelli’s title-page. It is enough to
absolve us from such endless labour to mention that the contents
of the chapters occupy 15 pages, and that the index in which the
references are printed very closely, comprises upwards of 20
pages, and includes all imaginable products of the confectionery
art.... WE SALUTE FRANCATELLI RESPECTFULLY IN DISMISSING HIS
BOOK; ONLY ADDING THAT HIS RECIPE FOR BEIGNETS OF PINK-APPLES, ON
PAGE 252, IS WORTH ALL THE MONEY WHICH THE PURCHASER WILL PAY FOR
THIS VERY OPPORTUNE VOLUME.”—_Times._

_HANCOCK (E. CAMPBELL)_—

THE AMATEUR POTTERY AND GLASS PAINTER. With Directions for
Gilding, Chasing, Burnishing, Bronzing, and Ground Laying.
Illustrated. Including Fac-similes from the Sketch-Book of N. H.
J. WESTLAKE, F.S.A. With an Appendix. Demy 8vo, 5_s._

“A most useful handbook to the now fashionable art of painting
on china and glass, containing minute instructions which only
have to be thoroughly mastered to render the student capable of
turning out reasonably artistic work. The illustrations will also
be found very useful by the beginner, as they show the sort of
designs best adapted for the purpose in hand. For the general
reader, who does not aspire to become a crockery painter, some
interesting chapters on pottery and porcelain are provided,
in which they will find descriptions of many of the chief
manufactories, with particulars of the special productions that
have rendered them famous. Any person bitten with the china mania
cannot fail to be pleased with the information given in this part
of the book.”—_Globe._

_HALL (SIDNEY)_—

A TRAVELLING ATLAS OF THE ENGLISH COUNTIES. Fifty Maps, Coloured.
New Edition, including the Railways, corrected up to the present
date. Demy 8vo, in roan tuck, 10_s._ 6_d._

_HILL (MISS G.)_—

THE PLEASURES AND PROFITS OF OUR LITTLE POULTRY FARM. Small crown
8vo, 3_s._

_HITCHMAN (FRANCIS)_—

THE PUBLIC LIFE OF THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. 2 vols. Demy 8vo,
32_s._

_HOLBEIN_—

TWELVE HEADS AFTER HOLBEIN. Selected from Drawings in Her
Majesty’s Collection at Windsor. Reproduced in Autotype, in
portfolio. 36_s._

_HOVELACQUE (ABEL)_—

THE SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE: LINGUISTICS, PHILOLOGY, AND ETYMOLOGY.
With Maps. Large crown 8vo, cloth, 5_s._ Being the first volume
of “The Library of Contemporary Science.”

“This is a translation of the first work of a new French series
of Popular Scientific Works. The high character of the series,
and also its bias, may be inferred from the names of some of its
writers, _e.g._ P. Broca, Ch. Martins, C. Vogt, &c. The English
publishers announce that the present volume will be followed
immediately by others on Anthropology and Biology. If they are
like their precursor, they will be clear and well written,
somewhat polemical, and nobly contemptuous of opponents....
The translator has done his work throughout with care and
success.”—_Athenæum._

_JARRY (GENERAL)_—

NAPIER (MAJ.-GEN. W. C. E.)—OUTPOST DUTY. Translated, with
TREATISES ON MILITARY RECONNAISSANCE AND ON ROAD-MAKING. Third
Edition. Crown 8vo, 5_s._

_KEMPIS (THOMAS À)_—

ON THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. Four Books, Beautifully Illustrated
Edition. Demy 8vo, 16_s._

“It is illustrated with great ability—even the head and tail
pieces are themselves complete pictures, suggestive, quaint,
beautiful. The paper is of the best, and the printing very
careful. On the whole, for a gift or for presentation, we hardly
know where else to look for a book to match it. Clearly neither
care nor expense has been spared in producing this tasteful but
sumptuous volume.”—_Nonconformist._

_KLACZKO (M. JULIAN)_—

TWO CHANCELLORS: PRINCE GORTCHAKOF and PRINCE BISMARCK.
Translated by Mrs. Tait. New and cheaper edition, 6_s._

“This is a most interesting and valuable book.... The object
is to trace out the working and the results of a ten years’
partnership between the two famous Chancellors of Russia and
Germany, Prince Gortchakoff and Prince Bismarck and these are
delineated with considerable artistic power, and in a manner
which betokens considerable political insight, and an intimate
acquaintance with the diplomatic world.”—_Blackwood’s Magazine._

_LEFÈVRE (ANDRÉ)_—

PHILOSOPHY, Historical and Critical. Translated, with an
introduction, by A. W. KEANE, B.A. Large crown 8vo, 7_s._ 6_d._

_LETOURNEAU (DR. CHARLES)_—

BIOLOGY. Translated by William MacCall. With Illustrations. Large
crown 8vo, 6_s._

_LUCAS (CAPTAIN)_—

THE ZULUS AND THE BRITISH FRONTIER. Demy 8vo, 16_s._

“Even if South Africa did not so much engage public attention
at this moment, Mr. Lucas’s book would be well worth reading.
It is not a catchpenny publication, but a well written and
well arranged study of our relations with the Zulus. Mr. Lucas
expresses himself in a vigorous and manly style, without waste
of words; and, though he makes use occasionally of the figure
of irony, he never declaims, and never tries to be humorous out
of place. He himself has had some military experience near the
scene of the present disturbances, and he writes with a military
clearness and directness which command attention.”—_Saturday
Review._

CAMP LIFE AND SPORT IN SOUTH AFRICA. With Episodes in Kaffir
Warfare. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 12_s._

“Mr. Lucas has admirably executed the task which he set himself
to perform, and that was to touch upon some of the salient points
of life and character in South Africa, at the same time weaving
into them some of the everyday incidents of garrison life whilst
serving with his old regiment, the Cape Mounted Rifles. The book
is full of interest from the first page to the last, containing
as it does descriptions of the chief places in South Africa, its
various inhabitants, the peculiarities of Kaffir warfare, and the
sport to be met with.”—_Naval and Military Gazette._

_LYTTON (ROBERT, LORD)_—

POETICAL WORKS—COLLECTED EDITION. Complete in 5 vols.

FABLES IN SONG. 2 vols. Fcap. 8vo, 12_s._ LUCILE. Fcap. 8vo,
6_s._ THE WANDERER. Fcap. 8vo, 6_s._ POEMS, HISTORICAL AND
CHARACTERISTIC. Fcap. 6_s._

_MAXSE (FITZH.)_—

PRINCE BISMARCK’S LETTERS. Translated from the German. Second
Edition. Small crown 8vo, cloth, 6_s._

_MAZADE (CHARLES DE)_—

THE LIFE OF COUNT CAVOUR. Translated from the French. Demy 8vo,
16_s._

“The arrangement of incidents, the juxtaposition of historical
contrasts, and the entire elaboration of M. de Mazade’s material,
are very artistic and very effective.... There is also much in
M. de Mazade’s work, which, by-the-bye, is well translated,
that may gratify English pride as well as instruct English
politicians.”—_World._

_McCOAN (J. CARLILE)_—

OUR NEW PROTECTORATE. TURKEY IN ASIA: ITS GEOGRAPHY, RACES,
RESOURCES, AND GOVERNMENT. With a Map, showing the Existing and
Projected Public Works. 2 vols. large crown 8vo, 24_s._

“If a good book was to be made about Asiatic Turkey, it is
difficult to see how it could have been made with greater success
than has attended the efforts of Mr. McCoan. He has told us all
that we could wish to know; he has put his information into a
compact and readable shape; and he has supplied just as much
detail as gives body to his work without overloading it. He has,
too, a personal knowledge of many parts of the vast district he
describes; and has been for years familiar with the Turks, their
ways and work.”—_Saturday Review._

_MOLESWORTH (W. NASSAU)_—

HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO THE RESIGNATION OF THE
GLADSTONE MINISTRY.

A Cheap Edition, carefully revised, and carried up to March,
1874. 3 vols. crown 8vo, 18_s._

A School Edition. Post 8vo, 7_s._ 6_d._

“It is a great misfortune that the history of our country that
is nearest our own times young men are least acquainted with. It
is not written in histories that were read at school, and they
are not old enough, as I am old enough, to remember almost every
political fact since the great Reform Bill of 1832. I wish young
men would read some history of this period. A neighbour and a
friend of mine, a most intelligent and accomplished clergyman—Mr.
Molesworth—has published a work, being a political history
of England from the year 1830—that is, from the first Reform
Bill—until within the last two or three years; a book honestly
written, in which facts are plainly—and I believe truly—stated,
and a work which would give great information to all the young
men of the country, if they could be prevailed upon to read
it.”—_From the Right Hon. John Bright’s Speech at Birmingham._

_MORLEY (HENRY)_—

ENGLISH WRITERS. Vol. I. Part I. THE CELTS AND ANGLO-SAXONS. With
an Introductory Sketch of the Four Periods of English Literature.