Chapter XXXII: Twentieth Century Music (2)

Arthur Bliss (1891) like Stravinsky, whom he admires, is the _enfant terrible_ of English music and is not held down by any rule or fixed standards except that of good taste. He uses instruments in daring ways, and shows a natural knowledge of them. One of his pieces is for an unaccompanied _Cor Anglais_ (_English horn_). Among his pieces are _The Committee_, _In the Tube (Subway) at Oxford Circus_, _At the Ball_. He wrote a _Color Symphony_, so-called because when composing it, he experienced a play of color sensation, although he did not write it to be used with the color organ, as does Scriabin in _Prometheus_. He is a most daring experimenter, and altogether an interesting young musician. In _Rout_, a gay piece for voice and chamber orchestra, he used meaningless syllables in place of words. He spent several years in Los Angeles, but has returned to England.

AMERICA

In America we not only hear the works of all the people of whom we have spoken in this chapter, but among our composers are a few who show marked twentieth century ways of composing. Some of them are American born, some have adopted the country, but all are working for the advancement of American music: Loeffler, our first impressionist, Bloch, Carpenter, Gruenberg, Whithorne, Morris, Jacobi, Marion Bauer, Eichheim, Carl Engel, Ornstein, Varese, Salzedo, Ruggles, Cowell, Antheil, and Copland.

Several organizations have worked for the cause of modern music by presenting concerts devoted to works by contemporary Europeans and Americans. The _Pro Musica_ Society has been responsible for the visits to this country of Maurice Ravel, Bela Bartok, Darius Milhaud, Alexandre Tansman and Arthur Honegger.

The _League of Composers_ (founded 1923) has had many notable “first performances” of compositions by Schoenberg, Bloch, Bartok, Stravinsky, Gruenberg, Malipiero, Hindemith, Copland, de Falla, Whithorne, Carrillo, etc.

OUR GOOD-BYE

This book has been longer than it should have been, yet our sins have been of omission rather than commission. But if we have only made you realize that the world cannot stand still, that music is always growing whether we understand it or not, and the good is handed on to the next generation even though much “falls by the wayside,” we will not have written in vain.

SOME OF THE BOOKS WE CONSULTED

_Afro-American Folk Music_, H. E. Krehbiel. (Schirmer, 1914.)

_The History of American Music_, Louis C. Elson. (Macmillan Co.)

_Music in America_, Dr. Frederick Louis Ritter. (Charles Scribner’s
Sons, 1890.)

_My Musical Life_, Walter Damrosch. (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923.)

_Stephen Collins Foster_, Harold Vincent Milligan. (G. Schirmer,
1920.)

_Francis Hopkinson and James Lyon, Two Studies in Early American
Music_, O. G. Sonneck. (Printed by the Author in Washington, D. C.,
1905.)

_Early Concert-Life in America_ (1731–1800), O. G. Sonneck. (Leipsic,
Breitkopf & Haertel, 1907.)

_Musicians of Today_, Romain Rolland. (Henry Holt, 1917.)

_La Musique Française d’aujourd’hui_, Jean Aubry. (Perrin & Cie.)

_The History of Pianoforte Music_, Herbert Westerby. (E. P. Dutton &
Co.)

_Gustav Mahler_, Paul Stefan. (G. Schirmer.)

_The Symphony Since Beethoven_, Felix Weingartner. (Oliver Ditson Co.,
1904.)

_Voyage Musical au Pays du Passé_, Romain Rolland. (Librairie Hachette
& Sons, Ltd., 1909.)

_Modern Composers of Europe_, Arthur Elson. (Sir Isaac Pitman Sons,
Ltd., 1907.)

_The Player-Piano Up-to-Date_, William Braid White. (Edward Lyman
Bill.)

_Outlines of Music History_, Clarence G. Hamilton. (Oliver Ditson Co.)

_The Romantic Composers_, Daniel Gregory Mason. (Macmillan Co.)

_Contemporary Russian Composers_, M. Montagu-Nathan. (Frederick A.
Stokes Co.)

_The Story of Music_, W. J. Henderson. (Longmans, Green & Co., 1889.)

_Histoire Generale de la Musique_, François Joseph Fetis.

_Primitive Music_, R. Wallaschek.

_Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians._ (Macmillan & Co.)

_Music of the Most Ancient Nations_, Carl Engel. (South Kensington
Museum Art Handbooks.)

_American Primitive Music_, Frederick R. Burton.

_The Art of Music: A Narrative History of Music._ (D. G. Mason,
Editor-in-Chief.)

_Music: Its Laws and Evolution_, Jules Combarieu. (Paul, Trench,
Trübner & Co., 1903.)

_Histoire de la Musique_, Felix Clement.

_History of Music_, Emil Naumann.

_Marcotone_, Edward Maryon.

_Mythology: Age of Fable_, Bulfinch.

_History of Music_, W. J. Baltzell. (Theo. Presser.)

_History of Rome_, Dionysius Cassius.

_Metropolitan Museum of Art Handbook No. 13._

_Catalogue of Musical Instruments of All Nations._

_Familiar Talks on the History of Music_, A. J. Gantvoort. (G.
Schirmer.)

_Analysis of the Evolution of Musical Form_, Margaret H. Glyn.
(Longmans & Co.)

_La Musique Grégorienne_, Dom Augustin Gatard.

_The Music of the Bible_, Sir John Stainer. (Novello & Co. H. W.
Gray.)

_Critical and Historical Essays_, Edward MacDowell. (A. P. Schmidt.)

_Histoire de la Musique_, H. Lavoix fils. (Concienne Maison Quantin.)

_Early History of Singing_, W. J. Henderson.

_The History of British Music_, Frederick J. Crowest.

_Story of the Art of Music_, F. J. Crowest. (Appleton’s.)

_La Musique des Troubadours_, Jean Beck. (Laurens.)

_Story of Minstrelsy_, Edmundstoune Duncan. (Scribner’s.)

_Trouvères et Troubadours_, Pierre Aubry. (Alcan.)

_Lecture on Trouvères et Troubadours_, Raymond Petit. (MS.)

_Cours de Composition Musicale_, Vincent d’Indy. (Durand et Cie.)

_Encyclopédie de la Musique et Dictionaire du Conservatoire_, Albert
Lavignac (fondateur). V Vols.

_The Threshold of Music_, William Wallace. (Macmillan Co.)

_Palestrina_, Michel Brenet. (Alcan.)

_Monteverdi_, Henry Prunières. (Alcan.)

_Twelve Good Musicians_, Frederick Bridge. (Kegan Paul, Trench,
Trübner & Co.)

_Les Clavecinistes_, André Pirro. (Laurens.)

_Lully_, Henry Prunières. (Laurens.)

_The Earlier French Musicians_ (1632–1834), Mary Hargrave. (Kegan
Paul, Trench.)

_A History of Music_, Paul Landormy. (Translated, F. H. Martens.)
(Scribner’s).

_Chippewa Music_, Frances Densmore. (Smithsonian Institution Bureau of
American Ethnology.) (Bulletin 45.)

_Teton Sioux Music_, Frances Densmore. (Bureau of American Ethnology.)
(Bulletin 61.)

_Alla Breve_, Carl Engel. (G. Schirmer.)

_Complete Book of the Great Musicians_, Percy A. Scholes. (Oxford
University Press.)

_Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians._ (3rd. revised
Edition.) (G. Schirmer, 1919.)

_Pianoforte and its Music_, H. E. Krehbiel.

_The Story of Music and Musicians_, Lucy C. Lillie. (Harpers.)

_Johann Sebastian Bach_, Johann Nikolaus Forkel.

_Irish Folk Music_, Capt. Francis O’Neill. (1910, Regan Printing
House, Lyon & Healy, Chicago.)

_Histoire et Theorie de la Musique de L’Antiquité_, par Fr. Aug.
Gevaert, 1881.

_Grand Opera Singers of Today_, Henry C. Lahee. (The Page Co.,
Boston.)

_Richard Strauss (Living Masters of Music)_, Ernest Newman. (John
Lane, The Bodley Head.)

_Great Singers—Series 1, 2_, George T. Ferris. (T. Appleton Co., N.
Y., 1893.)

_Richard Strauss the Man and His Works_, Henry T. Finck. (Little Brown
& Co.)

_The History of the Art of Music_, W. S. B. Mathews. (The Music
Magazine Pub. Co., Chicago, 1891.)

_Haydn (The Great Musicians)_, Pauline D. Townsend. (Samson, Marston &
Rivington, 1884.)

_Mozart (The Great Musicians)_, Dr. F. Gehring. (Scribners, 1883.)

_The World of Music_, Anna Comtesse de Bremont. (Brentano’s, 1892.)

_Contemporary Musicians._ Cecil Gray. (Oxford University Press, 1924.)

_Music and Its Story_, R. T. White. (Cambridge University Press,
1924.)

_Evolution of the Art of Music_, C. Hubert H. Parry. (Appleton, 1896.)

_Modern Composers of Europe_, Arthur Elson. (Sir Isaac Pitman & Son
Ltd., London, 1909.)

_One Hundred Folk Songs of All Nations_, Granville Banstock. (G.
Schirmer.)

_Sixty Patriotic Songs of All Nations_, Granville Banstock. (G.
Schirmer.)

_The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven_, Alexander Wheelock Thayer.
Translated by H. E. Krehbiel. (Beethoven Association, 1921.)

_Complete Opera Book_, Gustave Kobbé. (G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1924.)

_In the Garret_, Carl Van Vechten. (Alfred Knopf, 1920.)

_The Music and Musical Instruments of the Arab_, Francisco Salvador
Daniel.

_Songs of the Russian People_, Kurt Schindler.

_Appreciation of Music_, Thomas Whitney Surette and Daniel Gregory
Mason.

_My Favorite Folk Songs_, Marcella Sembrich. (Oliver Ditson Co.)

_One Hundred Folk Songs_, Cecil Sharp. (Oliver Ditson Co.)

_Sixty Russian Folk Songs_, Kurt Schindler and Deems Taylor. (G.
Schirmer Co.)

_Russian Folk Songs_, M. Balakirev. (M. P. Belaieff, Leipsic.)

_Old Irish Folk Music and Song_, P. W. Joyce. (Longmans, Green Co.)

_Ancient Irish Music_, P. W. Joyce. (Longmans, Green Co.)

_English Melodies_, Vincent Jackson. (J. M. Dent & Son L’t’d, 1910.)

_Songs Every Child Should Know_, Dolores M. Bacon. (Doubleday Page,
1906.)

_The Orchestra and Its Instruments_, Esther Singleton. (The Symphony
Society of New York, 1917.)

_Reminiscences of Morris Steinert_, Jane Marlin. (G. P. Putnam’s Sons,
1900.)

_Edward MacDowell_, Lawrence Gilman. (John Lane, 1906.)

_The Study of Folk-Songs_, Countess Martinengo-Cesaresco. (E. P.
Dutton & Co.)

_A History of Music_, Sir Charles Villiers Stanford-Cecil Forsyth.
(The Macmillan Co., 1924.)

_The History of Music_, Waldo Selden Pratt. (G. Schirmer, 1907.)

_The New Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians_, Waldo Selden Pratt,
Editor. (The Macmillan Co., 1924.)

_Ancient Art and Ritual_, Jane Harrison. (Henry Holt & Co., 1913.)

_Der Auftakt (Czecho-Slovakian Magazine)._ (Festival No., May, 1925).

_Musical Quarterly_, O. G. Sonneck, Editor. (G. Schirmer, April,
1924.)

_German Music of the Last Decade_, by Hugo Leichtentritt. League of
Composer Review. (New York.)

_Franco-American Musical Society Bulletin._ Ely Jade, Editor, (N. Y.)

_Book of American Negro Spirituals._ James Weldon Johnson. (Viking
Press, N. Y.)

_Miniature Essays._ (J. & W. Chester, Ltd.)

_Program Notes of the Philharmonic Society of New York._ Lawrence
Gilman.

_La Revue Musicale._ Henry Prunières, Editor. (Paris.)

_The Sackbut_, Ursula Greville, Editor. (London.)

_Musical America._ (New York.)

_Musical Courier._ (New York.)

_Musical Leader._

Some Music Writers According to Forms of Composition

Troubadours and Trouvères

TROUBADOURS

(_12th Century_)

Guillaume d’Aquitaine
Bernart de Ventardorn
Bertran de Born
Richard the Lion-Hearted (1169–99)
Peire Vidal
Le Moine de Montaudon (The Monk of)
Guiraut de Borneil (Maestre dels trobadors)
Gaucelm Faidit (Jongleur)

(_12th and 13th Centuries_)

Peire Cardinal

(_13th Century_)

Pierre Mauclerc (Duke of Bretagne)
Uc de Saint-Circ
Thibaut de Champagne (King of Navarre)
Jean Bretel
Adam de la Hale
Guillaume de Machaut

TROUVÈRES

(_12th Century_)

Blondel de Nesle
Chrétien de Troyes
Chatelain de Coucy
Gace Brulé

(_13th Century_)

Colin Muset

Minnesingers

(_12th Century_)

Kürenberger
von Aist
Spervogel

(_13th Century_)

Wolfram von Eschenbach
Walther von der Vogelweide
Prince Witzlav
Tannhäuser
Nitthart
Biterolf

Meistersingers

Heinrich von Meissen (“Frauenlob”)
Til Eulenspiegel
Hans Sachs (1494–1576)

Motets and Madrigals

FRANCO-BELGIAN PERIOD

Guillaume Dufay (1400–1474)
Jakob Hobrecht (1430–1506)
Jan de Okeghem (1430–1495)
Josquin Deprès (1450–1521)
Heinrich Isaak (1450–15 ?)
Jean Mouton (14 ?–1522)
Heinric Finck (14 ?–15 ?) (German)
Jakob Clemens non Papa (1475–1567)
Claude Goudimel (1505–1572)

FLEMISH PERIOD

Jakob Arcadelt (1514–1565)
Adrian Willaert (1480–1562)
Nicolas Gombert (14 ?–15 ?)
Cyprian de Rore (1516–1565)
Philippe de Monte (1521–1602)
Orlandus Lassus (1530–1594)

ITALIAN PERIOD

Constanza Festa (14 ?–1545)
Giovanni Animuccia (15 ?–1571)
Andrea Gabrieli (1510–1586)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1515–1594)
Orazio Vecchi (1550?–1605)
Matteo Asola (15 ?–1609)
Luca Marenzio (1550?–1599)
Giovanni Gabrieli (1557–1613)
Felice Anerio (1560–1630)
Andriano Banchieri (1567–1634)

FRENCH PERIOD

Claudin de Sermizy (15 ?–1566)
Claudin le Jeune (1530–1564)
Guillaume Costeley (1531–15 ?)

GERMAN PERIOD

Hans Leo Hassler (1564–1612)

ENGLISH PERIOD

John Taverner ( ? –1530)
William Byrd (1538–1623)
Thomas Morley (1557–1604)
Thomas Weelkes ( ? –1623)
George Kirbye ( ? – ?)
John Dowland (1562–1628)
John Wilbye (1574–1638)
Michael Este ( ? – ?)
Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625)

Fugues

ITALIAN

Andrea Gabrieli (1510–1586)
Giovanni Gabrieli (1557–1613)
Adriano Banchieri (1567–1637)
Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1644)

ENGLISH

Thomas Tallis (15 ?–1585)
William Byrd (1538–1623)

DUTCH

Jan Pieters Sweelinck (1562–1621)

DANISH

Dietrich Buxtehude (1637–1707)

GERMAN

Samuel Scheidt (1587–1654)
Johann Jacob Froberger (1605–1667)
Georg Muffat (16 ?–1704)
Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706)
Johann Krieger (1652–1735)
Johann Joseph Fux (1650–1741)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
George Frederic Handel (1685–1759)
Friedrich Marpurg (1718–1795)
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (1736–1809)

FRENCH

François Couperin (1631–1698)
Jean Louis Marchand (1669–1732)
Louis Nicolas Clérembault (1676–1749)

Modern Fugues

GERMAN

August Klengel (1783–1852)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Salomon Jadassohn (1831–1902)
Max Reger (1873–1916)

FRENCH

César Franck (Belg.) (1822–1890)
André Gédalge (1857–1926)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)

AMERICAN

Daniel Gregory Mason (1873)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Charles Haubiel (1892)

SWEDISH

Emil Sjögren (1853–1918)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Felix Petyrek (_20th Century_)

Suites

(_Sonata da Camera_, _Sonata da Chiesa_, _Sonatas_, _Ordres_, _Suites_,
_Exercises_, _Partitas_)

ITALIAN

Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1644)
Michel Angelo Rossi (159 ?–16 ?)
Giovanni Legrenzi (1625–1690)
Bernardo Pasquini (1637–1710)
Giovanni Bononcini (1640–1678)
Giovanni Battista Vitali (1644–1692)
Giuseppe Torelli (1645–1708)
Domenico Zipoli (16 ?–17 ?)
Evarista Felice d’all’Abaco (16 ?–17 ?)
Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1760)

FRENCH

Jacques Champion de Chambonnières (1610–1671)
François Couperin (1668–1733)
Jean Philippe Rameau (1683–1764)
Jean François Dandrieu (1684–1740)
Jean Marie Leclair (1687–1764)

GERMAN

Johann Schein (1586–1630)
Samuel Scheidt (1587–1754)
Johann Kuhnau (1660–1722)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
George Frederic Handel (1685–1759)

Modern Suites

GERMAN

Joseph Joachim Raff (Swiss) (1822–1882)
Karl Reinecke (1824–1910)
Ignaz Brüll (1846–1907)
Ferdinand Hummel (1855)

FRENCH

Charles Marie Widor (1845)
Benjamin Godard (1849–1895)
Claude Debussy (1862–1918)

RUSSIAN

Serge Rachmaninov (1873)

HUNGARIAN

Emanuel Moor (1862)

ENGLISH

Eugen D’Albert (1864)
York Bowen (1884)

SCANDINAVIAN

Edvard Grieg (Norwegian) (1843–1907)
Christian Sinding (Norwegian) (1856)
Johan Halvorsen (Norwegian) (1864)

AMERICAN

Edward MacDowell (1861–1908)
Arthur Whiting (1861)

Sonatas

(_Before Beethoven_)

GERMAN

Johann Kuhnau (1660–1722)
Johann Mattheson (1681–1764)
Georg Philip Telemann (1681–1767)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
George Frederic Handel (1685–1759)
Karl Philip Emanuel Bach (1714–1788)
Leopold Mozart (1719–1788)
Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1826)

ITALIAN

Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713)
Francesco Maria Veracini (1685–1750)
Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1750)
Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770)
Pietro Locatelli (1693–1764)
Baldassare Galuppi (1706–1784)
Pietro Nardini (1722–1793)
Gaetano Pugnani (1731–1798)
Pietro Domenico Paradies (1710–1792)

(_Contemporaries of Beethoven_)

GERMAN

Johann Dussek (Bohemian) (1761–1812)
Johann Cramer (1771–1858)
Johann Woelfl (1772–1812)
Johann Hummel (1778–1837)
Ferdinand Ries (1784–1838)
Karl Maria von Weber (1786–1824)
Friedrich W. M. Kalkbrenner (1788–1849)
Ignaz Moscheles (Bohemian) (1794–1870)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)

ITALIAN

Muzio Clementi (1752–1832)
Luigi Cherubini (1760–1842)

ENGLISH

John Field (1782–1837)

_After Beethoven_

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Heinrich Marschner (1795–1861)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Joseph Raff (Swiss) (1822–1882)
Karl Reinecke (1824–1910)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Ludwig Thuille (1861–1907)
Richard Strauss (1864)
Georg Schumann (1866)
Alexander Zemlinsky (1872)
Max Reger (1873–1916)
Heinz Tiessen (1887)
Hermann Scherchen (1891)
Egon Kornauth (Austrian) (1891)
Philipp Jarnach (1892)
Paul Pisk (1893)
Paul Hindemith (1895)
Erich Wolfgang Korngold (Austrian) (1897)
Ernst Krenek (Austrian) (1900)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Rudolph Karel (1881)
Emil Axman (_20th Century_)

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)
Bela Bartok (1881)
Zoltan Kodaly (1882)

FRENCH

César Franck (Belgian) (1822–1890)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1919)
Felix Alexandre Guilmant (1837–1911)
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924)
Charles Marie Widor (1845)
Benjamin Godard (1849–1895)
Paul Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Claude Achille Debussy (1862–1918)
Guy Ropartz (1864)
Paul Dukas (1865)
Charles Koechlin (1867)
Guillaume Lekeu (Belgian) (1870–1894)
Florent Schmitt (1870)
Maurice Ravel (1875)
Rhené-Baton (1879)
Gabriel Grovlez (1879)
Arthur Honegger (1892)
Darius Milhaud (1892)
Germaine Taillefer (1892)
Raymond Petit (_20th Century_)

DUTCH

Dirk Schaefer (1874)
James Zwart (1892)
Willem Pijper (1894)

RUSSIAN

Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894)
Georg Lvovitch Catoire (1861)
Joseph Wihtol (1863)
Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)
Paul Juon (1872)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Alexander Glazounov (1873)
Fedor Akimenko (1876)
Nicholas Medtner (1879)
Nicholai Miaskovsky (1881)
Samuel Feinberg (1890)
Alexander Tcherepnin (1902)

POLISH

Frédéric Chopin (1809–1849)
Ignace Jan Paderewski (1860)
Miecyslaw Karlowicz (1876–1909)
Karol Szymanowsky (1883)

SCANDINAVIAN

Johan P. E. Hartmann (Danish) (1805–1900)
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (Norwegian) (1843–1907)
Emil Sjögren (Swedish) (1853–1918)
Bror Beckman (Swedish) (1866)
Wilhelm Stenhammar (Swedish) (1871)

ITALIAN

Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924)
Ildebrando Pizzetti (1880)

SPANISH

Isaac Albeniz (1860–1909)

ENGLISH

C. Hubert H. Parry (1848–1918)
Marie Wurm (1860) (Living in Germany)
John B. McEwen (1868)
Wm. Y. Hurlstone (1876–1906)
Cyril Scott (1879)
Arnold Bax (1882)
York Bowen (1884)
James Friskin (1886)

AMERICAN

John Knowles Paine (1839–1906)
Arthur Foote (1853)
Edward MacDowell (1861–1908)
Ernest Kroeger (1862)
Henry Holden Huss (1862)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Frederick Converse (1871)
John Alden Carpenter (1876)
Louis Campbell-Tipton (1877–1921)
Alexander MacFayden (1879)
Ernest Bloch (Swiss) (1880)
Arthur Shepherd (1880)
John Powell (1882)
Charles Griffes (1884–1920)
Emerson Whithorne (1884)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Marion Bauer (1887)
Chalmers Clifton (1889)
Harold Morris (1889)
Elliot Griffis (1892)
Albert Stoessel (1894)
Leo Ornstein (Russian) (1895)
George Antheil (_20th Century_)
Fanny Charles Dillon (_20th Century_)

Classic Concertos

GERMAN (_Before Mozart_)

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
George Frederic Handel (1685–1759)
Johann Gottlieb Graun (1701–1759)
Franz Benda (Bohemian) (1709–1786)
Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710–1784)
Karl Phillip Emanuel Bach (1714–1788)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)

FRENCH

Jean Marie Leclair (1697–1764)
Jean Philippe Rameau (1683–1764)

ITALIAN

Antonio Vivaldi (1675–1743)
Francesco Maria Veracini (1685–1750)
Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770)

Concertos

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
Joseph Woelfl (1772–1812)
Johann Hummel (1778–1837)
Ferdinand Ries (1784–1838)
Karl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Ignaz Moscheles (Bohemian) (1794–1870)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Georg E. Goltermann (1824–1898)
Karl Reinecke (1824–1910)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Max Bruch (1838–1917)
Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901)
Heinrich Hofmann (1842–1902)
Ignaz Brüll (1846–1907)
Richard Strauss (1864)
Hans Pfitzner (1869)
Max Reger (1873–1916)
Alban Berg (1885)
Ernst Toch (1887)
Paul Hindemith (1895)
Ernst Krenek (1900)
Heinrich Kaminsky (_20th Century_)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)
Erwin Schulhoff (1894)
Vaclav Talich (_20th Century_)

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1888)
Joseph Joachim (1831–1907)
Jeno Hubay (1858)
Julius Major (1859)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Ottokar Novacek (1866–1900)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)
Béla Bártok (1881)

FRENCH

Jacques Rode (1774–1830)
Henri Vieuxtemps (1820–1881)
César Franck (Belg.) (1822–1890)
Edouard Lalo (1823–1892)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Charles Marie Widor (1845)
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924)
Benjamin Godard (1849–1895)
Ernest Chausson (1855–1899)
Gabriel Pierné (1863)
Darius Milhaud (1892)
Germaine Tailleferre (1892)
Jean Wiener (_20th Century_)

BELGIAN

Théophile Ysaye (1865–1918)
Joseph Jongen (1873)

DUTCH

Julius Roentgen (1855)
Dirk Schaefer (1874)
James Zwart (1892)

SWISS

Hans Huber (1852–1921)

RUSSIAN

Anton Rubinstein (1830–1894)
Peter Iljitch Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
Serge Liapounov (1859)
Anton Arensky (1861–1906)
Georg Lvovitch Catoire (1861–1926)
Alexander Glazounov (1873)
Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Josef Hofmann (1876)
Fedor Akimenko (1876)
Nicolai Miaskovsky (1881)
Igor Stravinsky (1882)
Serge Prokofiev (1891)
Alexander Tcherepnin (1902)

POLISH

Frédéric Chopin (1809–1849)
Joseph Wieniawski (1837–1912)
Philipp Scharwenka (1847–1917)
Franz Xaver Scharwenka (1850–1924)
Ignace Jan Paderewski (1860)
Emil Mlynarski (1870)
Sigismund Stojowski (1870) (Living in America)
Karol Szymanowski (1883)

FINNISH

Jan Sibelius (1865)
Selim Palmgren (1878)

SCANDINAVIAN

Eduard Lassen (Danish) (1830–1904)
August Winding (Danish) (1835–1899)
Emil Hartmann (Danish) (1836–1898)
Johan Svendsen (Norwegian) (1840–1911)
Edvard Grieg (Norwegian) (1843–1907)
Christian Sinding (Norwegian) (1856)
Johan Halvorsen (Norwegian) (1864)
Tor Aulin (Swedish) (1866–1914)
Wilhelm Stenhammar (Swedish) (1871)
Hugo Alfven (Swedish) (1872)
Halfdan Cleve (Norwegian) (1879)
Kurt Atterberg (Swedish) (1887)

ITALIAN

Giuseppe Martucci (1856–1909)
Alberto Franchetti (1860)
Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924)
Leone Sinigaglia (1868)
Ottorino Respighi (1879)
G. Francesco Malipiero (1882)
Alfredo Casella (1883)

SPANISH

Isaac Albéniz (1860–1909)
Manuel de Falla (1876)
Joan de Manen (1883)

ENGLISH

John Field (1782–1837)
William Sterndale Bennett (1816–1875)
Frederick Hymen Cowen (1852)
Tobias Matthay (1858)
Frederick Delius (1863)
Eugen d’Albert (Scotch) (1864)
Arthur Hinton (1869)
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912)
Wm. Y. Hurlstone (1876–1906)
Cyril Scott (1879)
York Bowen (1884)
Arthur Bliss (1891)
Dorothy Howell (_20th Century_)

AMERICAN

Leopold Damrosch (German) (1832–1885)
Frederick Grant Gleason (1848–1903)
Max Vogrich (Transylvanian) (1852–1916)
Helen Hopekirk (Scotch) (1856)
Harry Rowe Shelley (1858)
Victor Herbert (1859–1924)
Edward MacDowell (1861–1908)
Edmund Severn (1862)
Henry Holden Huss (1862)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Ernest Hutcheson (Australian) (1871)
Felix Borowsky (1872)
Arne Oldberg (1874)
Ernest Schelling (1876)
John Alden Carpenter (1876)
Blair Fairchild (1877)
John Powell (1882)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Cecil Burleigh (1885)
George F. Boyle (Australian) (1886)
Albert Spalding (1888)
A. Walter Kramer (1890)
Mana Zucca (1893)
Leo Ornstein (Russian) (1895)
Leo Sowerby (1895)
Aaron Copland (1898)

Symphonies

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Franz Xaver Richter (1709–1789)
Karl Philip Emanuel Bach (1714–1788)
Johann Stamitz (1717–1757)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
Michael Haydn (1737–1806)
Johann Christian Bach (1738–1782)
K. D. von Dittersdorf (1739–1799)
Karl Stamitz (1746–1801)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Ludwig von Beethoven (1770–1827)
Ludwig Spohr (1784–1859)
Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Franz Lachner (1803–1890)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Otto Nicolai (1810–1849)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Robert Volkmann (1815–1883)
Joseph Joachim Raff (Swiss) (1822–1882)
Anton Bruckner (1824–1896)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Max Bruch (1838–1920)
Herman Goetz (1840–1876)
August Klughardt (1847–1902)
Felix Weingartner (1863)
Richard Strauss (1864)
Georg Schumann (1866)
Siegmund von Hausegger (1872)
Alexander von Zemlinsky (1872)
Karl Bleyle (1880)
Heinz Tiessen (1887)
Ernst Toch (1887)
Eduard Erdmann (_20th Century_)

_Dance Symphony_

Egon Wellesz (1885)
Ernst Krenek (1900)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Frederic Smetana (1824–1884)
J. J. Abert (1832–1915)
Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)
Josef Suk (1874)
Otakar Ostrcil (1879)
Emil Axman (_20th Century_)
Erwin Schulhoff (1894)

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Karl Goldmark (1830–1915)
Julius Major (1859)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)

FRENCH

François Joseph Gossec (Belgian) (1734–1829)
Henri Méhul (1763–1817)
Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)
Napoleon Henri Reber (1807–1880)
Charles François Gounod (1818–1893)
César Franck (Belgian) (1822–1890)
Edouard Lalo (1823–1892)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Charles Widor (1845)
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924)
Agusta Holmes (English) (1847–1903)
Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Ernest Chausson (1855–1899)
André Gédalge (1857–1926)
Guy Ropartz (1864)
Paul Dukas (1865)
Alberic Magnard (1865–1914)
Albert Roussel (1869)
Henri Rabaud (1873)
Darius Milhaud (1892)

BELGIAN

Théophile Ysaye (1865–1918)

DUTCH

Richard Hol (1825–1904)
Bernard Zweers (1854)
Julius Roentgen (1855)
Cornelius Dopper (1870)
Bernard Dieren (1884)
Willem Pijper (1894)

SWISS

Hans Huber (1852–1921)

ROUMANIAN

Georges Enesco (1881)

RUSSIAN

Joseph Wihtol (1863)
Alexander Gretchaninov (1864)
Alexander Glazounov (1865)
Vassili Kilinnikov (1866–1900)
Paul Juon (1872)
Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)
Serge Vassilenko (1872)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Reinhold Glière (1875)
Nicholas Miaskovsky (1881)
Lazare Saminsky (1883)

POLISH

Philipp Scharwenka (1847–1917)
Franz Xaver Scharwenka (1850–1924)
Ignace Jan Paderewski (1860)
Emil Mlynarski (1870)
Sigismund Stojowski (1870) (Living in America)
Miecyslaw Karlowicz (1876–1909)
Felix Nowowiejski (German) (1877)
Karol Szymanowski (1883)

FINNISH

Jan Sibelius (1865)
Leevi Madetoja (1887)

SCANDINAVIAN

Johan P. E. Hartmann (Danish) (1805–1900)
Niels Gade (Danish) (1817–1890)
Eduard Lassen (Danish) (1830–1904)
Emil Hartmann (Danish) (1836–1898)
Johan Svendsen (Norwegian) (1840–1911)
Peter Lange-Müller (Danish) (1850–1926)
Jacob Adolph Hagg (Swedish) (1850)
Victor Bendix (Danish) (1851)
Christian Sinding (Norwegian) (1856)
A. Carl Nielson (Danish) (1864)
Wilhelm Stenhammar (Swedish) (1871)
Sigurd Lie (Norwegian) (1871–1904)
Natanael Berg (Swedish) (1879)
Kurt Atterberg (Swedish) (1887)

ITALIAN

Giovanni Battista Sammartini (1704–1774)
Carlo Toeschi (1724–1788)
Luigi Boccherini (1743–1805)
Giovanni Toeschi (1745–1800)
Antonio Salieri (1750–1825)
Muzio Clementi (1752–1832)
Giovanni Sgambati (1843–1914)
Giuseppe Martucci (1856–1909)
Franco Alfano (1877)
Ildebrando Pizzetti (1880)
G. Francesco Malipiero (1882)
Alfredo Casella (1883)
Victor da Sabata (1896)

SPANISH

Manuel de Falla (1877)

ENGLISH

Sir G. A. Macfarren (1813–1887)
Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842–1901)
Sir Charles Hubert H. Parry (1848–1918)
Sir Frederick H. Cowen (1852)
Sir Charles V. Stanford (1852–1924)
Sir Edward Elgar (1857)
Ethel M. Smyth (1858)
Algernon Ashton (1859)
Granville Bantock (1868)
Arthur Hinton (1869)
Walford Davies (1869)
Percy Pitt (1870)
Ralph Vaughn Williams (1872)
Gustav Holst (1874)
Hamilton Harty (1879)
York Bowen (1884)
Benjamin Dale (1885)
Arthur Bliss (1891)

AMERICAN

Leopold Damrosch (1832–1885)
John Knowles Paine (1839–1906)
Silas G. Pratt (1846–1916)
Max Vogrich (Transylvania) (1852–1916)
George Chadwick (1854)
George Templeton Strong (1856)
Arthur Bird (1856–1924)
Edgar Stillman Kelley (1857)
Henry Schoenefeld (1857)
Charles Martin Loeffler (1861)
Ernest Kroeger (1862)
Horatio Parker (1863–1919)
Gustav Strube (1867)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Howard Brockway (1870)
Henry K. Hadley (1871)
Frederick Converse (1871)
Daniel Gregory Mason (1873)
Arne Oldberg (1874)
Ernest Schelling (1876)
Mortimer Wilson (1876)
David Stanley Smith (1877)
Ernest Bloch (Swiss) (1880)
Eric Delamarter (1880)
Edwin Grasse (1884)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Frederick Jacobi (1891)

Orchestral Music
_Symphonic Tone Poems, Overtures, Suites, etc._

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Richard Wagner (1813–1883)
Johann Strauss (1825–1899)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Alexander Ritter (1833–1896)
Heinrich Hofmann (1842–1902)
Engelbert Humperdinck (1854–1921)
Felix Weingartner (1863)
Richard Strauss (1864)
Georg Schumann (1866)
Max von Schillings (1868)
Siegmund von Hausegger (1872)
Paul Juon (Russian) (1872)
Max Reger (1873–1916)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874)
Paul Amadeus Pisk (1893)
Paul Hindemith (1895)
Erich Korngold (1898)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Frederick Smetana (1824–1884)
Antonin Dvorak (1843–1904)
Zdenko Fibich (1850–1900)
Vitezslav Novak (1870)
Josef Suk (1874)
Otakar Ostrcil (1879)
Rudolf Karel (1881)
Karl Horwitz (1884–1925)
Bohuslav Martinu (1890)
Fidelio Finke (1891)

_Tone Poems_

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Karl Goldmark (1830–1915)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)
Béla Bártok (1881)
Zoltan Kodaly (1882)
George Kosa (1897)

FRENCH

Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)
Félicien David (1810–1876)
César Franck (Belgian) (1822–1890)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Theodore Dubois (1837–1924)
Georges Bizet (1838–1875)
Alexis Emanuel Chabrier (1841–1894)
Jules Massenet (1842–1912)
Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Ernest Chausson (1855–1899)
Georges Huë (1858)
Gustave Charpentier (1860)
Claude Achille Debussy (1862–1918)
Guy Ropartz (1864)
Erik Satie (1866–1925)
Charles Koechlin (1867)
Florent Schmitt (1870)
Deodat de Sévérac (1873–1921)
Henri Rabaud (1873)
Max d’Ollone (1875)
Roger Ducasse (1875)
Maurice Ravel (1875)
Louis Aubert (1877)
André Caplet (1878–1925)
Gabriel Grovlez (1879)
Maurice Delage (1879)
Jacques Ibert (1890)
Roland Manuel (1891)
Darius Milhaud (1892)
Arthur Honegger (1892)
Lili Boulanger (1893–1918)

BELGIAN

Théophile Ysaye (1865–1918)
Paul Gilson (1865)
Guillaume Lekeu (1870–1894)
Joseph Jongen (1873)
M. Brusselmans (_20th Century_)

DUTCH

Richard Hol (1825–1904)
Julius Roentgen (1855)
Alfons Diepenbrock (1862–1921)
Johan Wagenaar (1862)
Bernard van Dieren (1884)

ROUMANIAN

Georges Enesco (1881)

RUSSIAN

Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894)
Alexander Borodin (1834–1877)
Cesar Cui (1835–1918)
Mily Balakirev (1837–1910)
Piotr I. Tchaikovsky (1840–1892)
Anatole Liadov (1855–1914)
Ivanov Ippolitov (1859)
Antonin Arensky (1861–1906)
Alexander Glazounov (1865)
Vassili Kilinnikov (1866–1900)
Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)
Paul Juon (1872)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Reinhold Glière (1875)
Nicholai Miaskovsky (1881)
Igor Stravinsky (1882)
Michael Gniessen (1883)
Serge Prokofiev (1891)

POLISH

Jean Louis Nicodé (1853)
Ignace Jan Paderewski (1860)
Sigismund Stojowski (1870)
Miecyslaw Karlowicz (1876–1909)
Karol Szymanowski (1883)
Ludomir Rozycki (1883)
Alexandre Tansman (1892)

FINNISH

Robert Kajanus (1856)
Jan Sibelius (1865)
Armas Järnefelt (1869)
Leevi Madetoja (1887)

SCANDINAVIAN

Edvard Hagerup Grieg (1843–1907)
Anders Hallen (1846)
Otto Malling (1848–1915)
Peter Lange-Müller (1850–1926)
Ludwig T. Schytte (1850–1909)
Gerhard Schjelderup (1859)
Hugo Alfven (1872)
Natanael Berg (1879)
Kurt Atterberg (1887)

ITALIAN

Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924)
Leone Sinigaglia (1868)
Ottorino Respighi (1879)
Ildebrando Pizzetti (1880)
Vincenzo Tommasini (1880)
Riccardo Pick-Mangiagalli (1882)
G. Francesco Malipiero (1882)
Alfredo Casella (1883)
Guido Guerrini (1890)

SPANISH

Felipe Pedrell (1841–1922)
Isaac Albeniz (1860–1909)
Enrique Granados (1867–1916)
Pablo Casals (1876)
Manuel de Falla (1876)
Joaquin Turina (1882)

BRAZILIAN

Villa-Lobos (1892)

ENGLISH

Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900)
Alexander Campbell Mackenzie (1847)
Charles Hubert Hastings Parry (1848–1918)
Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924)
Edward Elgar (1857)
William Wallace (1860)
Edward German (1862)
Frederick Delius (1863)
Granville Bantock (1868)
Arthur Hinton (1869)
Cecil Forsyth (1870)
Ralph Vaughn Williams (1872)
William H. Bell (1873)
Gustav Holst (1874)
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912)
Norman O’Neill (1875)
H. Balfour Gardiner (1877)
Josef Holbrooke (1878)
Cyril Scott (1879)
Frank Bridge (1879)
Arnold Bax (1883)
Lord Berners (1883)
York Bowen (1884)
Armstrong Gibbs (1889)
Arthur Bliss (1891)
Eugene Goossens (1893)

AMERICAN

John Knowles Paine (1839–1906)
Silas G. Pratt (1846–1916)
Frederick Grant Gleason (1848–1903)
Arthur Foote (1853)
George Chadwick (1854)
George Templeton Strong (1856)
Frank Van der Stucken (1858–1929)
Victor Herbert (1859–1924)
Edward MacDowell (1861–1908)
Charles Martin Loeffler (1861)
Ernest Kroeger (1862)
Carl Busch (Danish) (1862)
Horatio W. Parker (1863–1919)
Henry K. F. Gilbert (1868–1928)
William H. Humiston (1869–1924)
Frederick Converse (1871)
Henry K. Hadley (1871)
Frederick Stock (German) (1871)
Frank E. Ward (1872)
Rubin Goldmark (1872)
Edward Burlingame Hill (1872)
Felix Borowsky (Polish-English) (1872)
Camille Zeckwer (1875–1924)
Mortimer Wilson (1876)
John Alden Carpenter (1876)
Ernest Schelling (1876)
Rudolph Ganz (Swiss) (1877)
Blair Fairchild (1877)
David Stanley Smith (1877)
Franz C. Bornschein (1879)
Ernest Bloch (Swiss) (1880)
Arthur Shepherd (1880)
John Powell (1882)
Carl Ruggles ?
Edgar Varese (French) ?
Reginald Sweet ?
Percy Grainger (Australian) (1882)
Charles Griffes (1884–1920)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Emerson Whithorne (1884)
Albert Elkus (?)
Deems Taylor (1885)
Edward Ballantine (1886)
Wintter Watts (1886)
Victor Kolar (Hungarian) (1888)
Harold Morris (1889)
Frederick Jacobi (1891)
Timothy Spelman (1891)
Albert Stoessel (1894)
Sandor Harmati (1894)
Leo Sowerby (1895)
Howard Hanson (1896)

Chamber Music
(_String Quartets, Trios, Quintets, etc., various combinations of
Instruments._)

(BEFORE HAYDN)

ENGLISH

Thomas Morley (1557–1604)
John Jenkins (1592–1678)
Mathew Locke (1632–1677)
Henry Purcell (1658–1695)

ITALIAN

Salomon Rossi (1598–1623)
Tarquinio Merula (Born before 1600)
Giovanni Battista Fontana (Born before 1600–1630)
Carlo Farino (17th century, dates unknown)
Giovanni Legrenzi (1625–1690)
Giovanni Battista Vitali (1644–1692)
Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713)
Alessandro Scarlatti (1659–1725)
Antonio Vivaldi (1675–1743)
Francesco Geminiani (1680–1762)
Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770)
Antonio Veracini (Late 17th Century, dates unknown)
Pietro Locatelli (1693–1764)
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736)
Felice de Giardini (1716–1796)
Pietro Nardini (1722–1793)
Giovanni Battista Sammartini (1730–1770)
Gaetano Pugnani (1731–1798)
Luigi Boccherini (1743–1805)

GERMAN

J. Hermann Schein (1586–1630)
Jan Adam Reinken (1623–1722)
Nikolaus Hasse (1630–1706)
Johann P. Krieger (1649–1725)
Johann Pezel (1669–1686)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
Johann Schenck (Before 1685)
Johann Graun (1698–1771)
Ignaz Holzbauer (1711–1783)
Karl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1783)
Johann W. A. Stamitz (1717–1757)
Johann Schobert (1720?–1767)
Carlo Giuseppe Toeschi (Italian) (1724–1788)
Johann T. Goldberg (1730–1760?)

FRENCH

Henri Desmarets (1662–1741)
François Couperin (1668–1733)
Jean Marie Leclair (1697–1764)

(HAYDN AND LATER)

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
Johann G. Albrechtsberger (1736–1809)
Michael Haydn (1737–1806)
Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739–1799)
Wenzel Pichel (1741–1805)
Johann Wenzelstich (1746–1803)
Abt Vogler (1749–1814)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Paul Wranitsky (1756–1808)
Ignaz J. Pleyel (1757–1831)
Daniel Steibelt (1765–1823)
Rudolph Kreutzer (1766–1831)
Anton Reicha (1770–1836)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
Johann Hummel (1778–1837)
Ferdinand Ries (1784–1838)
Ludwig Spohr (1784–1859)
Friedrich Kuhlau (1786–1832)
Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Heinrich Marschner (1795–1861)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Franz Lachner (1803–1890)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Otto Nicolai (1810–1849)
Ferdinand Hiller (1811–1885)
Robert Volkmann (1815–1883)
Fritz Spindler (1817–1905)
Cornelius Gurlitt (1820–1901)
Friedrich Kiel (1821–1885)
J. Joachim Raff (Swiss) (1822–1882)
Theodore Kirchner (1823–1903)
Anton Bruckner (1824–1896)
Carl Reinecke (1824–1910)
Woldemar Bargiel (1828–1897)
S. Jadassohn (1831–1902)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Karl Navratil (1836–1914)
Max Bruch (1838–1920)
Joseph Rheinberger (1839–1901)
Hermann Goetz (1840–1876)
August Klughardt (1847–1902)
Robert Fuchs (1847)
Julius Roentgen (1855)
Hugo Wolf (1860–1903)
Ludwig Thuille (1861–1907)
Richard Strauss (1864)
Robert Kahn (1865)
Paul Ertel (1865)
Georg Schumann (1866)
Alexander Zemlinsky (1872)
Max Reger (1873–1916)
Arnold Schoenberg (Austrian) (1874)
Anton von Webern (Austrian) (1883)
Karl Horovitz (Austrian) (1884–1925)
Egon Wellesz (Austrian) (1885)
Alban Berg (Austrian) (1885)
Heinz Tiessen (Austrian) (1887)
Ernst Toch (Austrian) (1887)
Hermann Scherchen (1891)
Egon Kornauth (1891)
Paul Pisk (Austrian) (1893)
Alois Haba (Austrian) (1893)
Paul Hindemith (1895)
Ernst Krenek (1900)
Heinrich Kaminsky (_20th Century_)
Otto Siegl (_20th Century_)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Johann Ladislaus Dussek (1761–1812)
Bedrich Smetana (1824–1884)
Franz Bendel (1832–1874)
Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)
Zdenko Fibich (1850–1900)
Josef Bohuslav Foerster (1859)
Vitezslav Novak (1870)
Josef Suk (1874)
Otakar Ostrcil (1879)
Rudolf Karel (1881)
Vaclar Stepan (1889)
Fidelio Finke (1891)
Erwin Schulhoff (1894)
Hans Krasa (1899)
Emil Axman (_20th Century_)

HUNGARIAN

Julius Major (1859)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Ottokar Novacek (1866–1900)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)
Béla Bártok (1881)
Zoltan Kodaly (1882)
Leo Weiner (1885)

FRENCH

François Joseph Gossec (1734–1829)
André Ernest Modeste Grétry (1741–1813)
Marie Alexandre Guenin (1744–1814)
Hyacinthe Jadin (1769–1800)
Jacques F. Mazas (1782–1849)
Chrétien Urhan (1790–1845)
Napoleon Henri Reber (1807–1880)
Félicien David (1810–1873)
Ambroise Thomas (1811–1896)
César Franck (1822–1890)
Edouard Lalo (1823–1892)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Theodore Dubois (1835–1924)
Alexis de Castillon (1838–1873)
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924)
Charles Marie Widor (1845)
Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Ernest Chausson (1855–1899)
André Gédalge (1856–1926)
Sylvio Lazzari (Tyrolese) (1858)
Auguste Chapuis (1862)
Claude Achille Debussy (1862–1918)
Guy Ropartz (1864)
Alberic Magnard (1865–1914)
Charles Koechlin (1867)
Albert Roussel (1869)
Florent Schmitt (1870)
Henri Rabaud (1873)
Maurice Ravel (1875)
Jean Roger Ducasse (1875)
André Caplet (1878–1925)
Paul le Flem (1881)
Louis Durey (1888)
Jacques Ibert (1890)
Roland Manuel (1891)
Georges Migot (1891)
Arthur Honegger (1892)
Darius Milhaud (1892)
Germaine Tailleferre (1892)
Lili Boulanger (1893–1918)
Marcelle Soulage (1894)
Georges Auric (1899)
Francis Poulenc (1899)
Raymond Petit (_20th Century_)

BELGIAN

Chas. de Bériot (1802–1870)
Guillaume Lekeu (1870–1894)
Joseph Jongen (1873)
Victor Vreuls (1876)
Arthur Hoerée (_20th Century_)

DUTCH

Richard Hol (1825–1904)
Julius Roentgen (1855)
Johan Wagenaar (1862)
Dirk Schaefer (1874)
Bernard van Dieren (1884)
James Zwart (1892)

SWISS

Jean Xavier Lefèvre (1763–1829)
Hans Huber (1852–1921)

ROUMANIAN

Georges Enesco (1881)

RUSSIAN

Michail Ivanovitch Glinka (1804–1857)
César Cui (1835–1918)
Piotr (Peter) Ilyitch Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
Serge I. Taneiev (1856–1915)
Anton Arensky (1861–1906)
Georg L. Catoire (1861–1926)
Alexander Gretchaninov (1864)
Alexander Glazounov (1865)
Paul Juon (1872)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Reinhold Glière (1875)
Nicolai Miaskovsky (1881)
Leonid Sabaneyef (1881)
Igor Stravinsky (1882)
Alexander Tcherepnin (1902)
Nicholas Roslavets (_20th Century_)

POLISH

Ignaz Felix Dobrzynski (1807–1867)
Ladislas Selenski (1837–1921)
Philipp Scharwenka (1847–1917)
Franz Xaver Scharwenka (1850–1924)
Emil Mlynarski (1870)
Ludomir Rozycki (1883)
Karol Szymanowski (1883)
Alexandre Tansman (1892)
Tadeusz Iarecki (_20th Century_) (Living in U. S. A.)

FINNISH

Jan Sibelius (1865)
Oskar Merikanto (1868)
Armas E. Launis (1884)

SCANDINAVIAN

Johan P. E. Hartmann (Danish) (1805–1900)
Niels W. Gade (Danish) (1817–1890)
August Winding (Danish) (1835–1899)
Emil Hartmann (Danish) (1836–1898)
Johan Svendsen (Norwegian) (1840–1911)
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (Norwegian) (1843–1907)
Ole Olsen (Norwegian) (1850)
Peter Lange-Müller (Danish) (1850–1926)
Gerhard Schjelderup (Norwegian) (1859)
A. Carl Nielson (Danish) (1864)
Christian Sinding (Norwegian) (1856)
Wilhelm Stenhammar (Norwegian) (1871)
Sigurd Lie (Norwegian) (1871–1904)
Kurt Atterberg (Swedish) (1887)

ITALIAN

Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901)
Antonio Bazzini (1818–1897)
Giovanni Sgambati (1843–1914)
Giuseppe Martucci (1856–1909)
Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924)
Leone Sinigaglia (1868)
Mario Tarenghi (1870)
Alfredo d’Ambrosio (1871–1915)
Lorenzo Perosi (1872)
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876)
Ottorino Respighi (1879)
Vincenzo Tommasini (1880)
Ildebrando Pizzetti (1880)
G. Francesco Malipiero (1882)
Riccardo Pick-Mangiagalli (1882)
Alfredo Casella (1883)
Vincenzo Davico (1889)
Guido Guerrini (1890)
Mario Labroca (1896)
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1896)
Vittorio Rieti (1898)

SPANISH

Enrique Granados (1867–1916)
Joaquin Turina (1882)
Manuel de Falla (1876)
Oscar Esplà (1886)

ENGLISH

George Onslow (1784–1852)
Michael Balfe (1808–1870)
George Alexander MacFarren (1813–1887)
William Sterndale Bennett (1816–1875)
Ebenezer Prout (1835–1909)
Alexander Campbell Mackenzie (1847)
Charles Hubert H. Parry (1848–1918)
Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924)
Frederick H. Cowen (1852)
Edward Elgar (1857)
Ethel M. Smyth (1858)
Algernon Ashton (1859)
William Henry Hadow (1859)
Marie Wurm (1860) (Living in Germany)
William Wallace (1860)
Eugene d’Albert (1864) (Living in Germany)
John Blackwood McEwen (1868)
Frederick Lamond (1868)
Granville Bantock (1868)
Walford Davies (1869)
Cecil Forsyth (1870)
Ralph Vaughn Williams (1872)
Gustav Holst (1874)
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912)
Donald Francis Tovey (1875)
Norman O’Neill (1875)
H. Waldo Warner (1876)
William Yates Hurlstone (1876–1906)
Thomas Dunhill (1877)
H. Balfour Gardiner (1877)
Josef Holbrooke (1878)
Frank Bridge (1879)
Cyril Scott (1879)
Arnold Bax (1883)
York Bowen (1884)
Benjamin Dale (1885)
Gerrard Williams (1888)
Armstrong Gibbs (1889)
Arthur Bliss (1891)
Herbert Howells (Australian) (1892)
Eugene Goossens (1893)
Rebecca Clarke (_20th Century_)

BRAZILIAN

Villa-Lobos (1892)

AMERICAN

John K. Paine (1839–1906)
Frederick Grant Gleason (1848–1903)
Arthur Foote (1853)
Adolph M. Foerster (1854–1927)
George W. Chadwick (1854)
George Templeton Strong (1856)
Edgar Stillman Kelley (1857)
Henry Schoenefeld (1857)
Abraham W. Lillienthal (1859)
Arthur Whiting (1861)
Samuel Baldwin (1862)
Charles Martin Loeffler (1861)
Carl Busch (Danish) (1862)
Edmund Severn (1862)
Ernest R. Kroeger (1862)
Henry Holden Huss (1862)
Horatio Parker (1863–1919)
William H. Berwald (1864)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Louis Adolphe Coerne (1870–1922)
Frederick Stock (German) (1871)
Henry K. Hadley (1871)
Arthur Nevin (1871)
Frederick Converse (1871)
Felix Borowsky (1872)
Rubin Goldmark (1872)
Frank E. Ward (1872)
Daniel Gregory Mason (1873)
Arne Oldberg (1874)
Camille Zeckwer (1875–1924)
Frederick Ayres (1876)
David Stanley Smith (1877)
Blair Fairchild (1877)
John Beach (1877)
Franz C. Bornschein (1879)
Heniot Lévy (Polish) (1879)
Eastwood Lane (?)
Ernest Bloch (Swiss) (1880)
Eric Delamarter (1880)
John Powell (1882)
Percy Grainger (Australian) (1882)
Ethel Leginska (English) (1883)
Mary Howe (?)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Charles Griffes (1884–1920)
James P. Dunn (1884)
Emerson Whithorne (1884)
Deems Taylor (1885)
Carlos Salzedo (French) (1885)
George F. Boyle (Australian) (1886)
Marion Bauer (1887)
Albert Spalding (1888)
Leslie Loth (1888)
Chalmers Clifton (1889)
Harold Morris (1889)
Frederick Jacobi (1891)
Charles Haubiel (1892)
Albert Stoessel (1894)
Sandor Harmati (Hungarian) (1894)
Leo Sowerby (1895)
Leo Ornstein (1895)
Howard Hanson (1896)
Richard Hammond (1896)
Aaron Copland (1898)

Pianoforte Music
(_Lyrical Pieces, Songs without Words, Nocturnes, Impromptus, Ballads,
Intermezzi, Preludes, and Program Music._)

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Johann N. Hummel (1778–1837)
Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Friederich Kuhlau (1786–1832)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Charles Mayer (1799–1862)
Joseph Kessler (1800–1872)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Ferdinand von Hiller (1811–1885)
Adolf von Henselt (1814–1889)
Robert Volkmann (1815–1883)
Fritz Spindler (1817–1905)
Theodor Kullak (1818–1882)
Albert Loeschorn (1819–1905)
Friedrich Kiel (1821–1885)
Joseph Joachim Raff (Swiss) (1822–1882)
Theodor Kirchner (1823–1903)
Carl Reinecke (1824–1910)
Ernst Pauer (1826–1905)
Gustav Merkel (1827–1885)
Woldemar Bargiel (1828–1897)
Gustav Lange (1830–1889)
Hans von Bülow (1830–1894)
Salomon Jadassohn (1831–1902)
Franz Bendel (1833–1874)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Adolf Jensen (1837–1879)
Joseph Rheinberger (1839–1901)
Heinrich Hofmann (1842–1902)
Hugo Reinhold (Austrian) (1854)
Alexander von Fielitz (1860)
Hugo Kaun (1863)
Adele aus der Ohe (1864–1916)
Georg Schumann (1866)
Alexander Zemlinsky (1872)
Max Reger (1873–1916)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874)
Siegfried Karg-Elert (1879)
Walter Braunfels (1882)
Arthur Schnabel (1882)
Karl Horwitz (1884–1925)
Heinz Tiessen (1887)
Ernst Toch (1887)
Egon Kornauth (1891)
Hermann Scherchen (1891)
Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897)
Philipp Jarnach (1892)
Otto Siegl (_20th Century_)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIA

Johann Ladislaus Dussek (1761–1812)
Ignaz Moscheles (1794–1870)
Alexander Dreyschock (1818–1869)
Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)
Josef Rebicek (1844–1904)
Zdenko Fibich (1850–1900)
J. B. Foerster (1859)
Vitezslav Novak (1870)
Josef Suk (1874)
Rudolf Karel (1881)

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Stephen Heller (1813–1888)
Karl Goldmark (1830–1915)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Arpad Szendy (1863–1922)
Eduard Poldini (1869)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)
Béla Bártok (1881)
Zoltan Kodaly (1882)

FRENCH

Napoleon Henri Reber (1807–1880)
Charles Alkan (1813–1888)
Ignace Leybach (Alsatian) (1817–1891)
Jean Henri Ravina (1818–1906)
César Franck (1822–1890)
Auguste Durand (1830–1909)
Eugene Ketterer (1831–1870)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Théodore Dubois (1837–1924)
Louis Brassin (1840–1884)
Alexis Emmanuel Chabrier (1841–1894)
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924)
Théodore Lack (1846)
Benjamin Godard (1849–1895)
François Thomé (1850)
Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Raoul Pugno (1852–1914)
Sylvio Lazzari (Tyrolese) (1858)
Mme. Cécile Chaminade (1861)
Auguste Chapuis (1862)
Xavier Leroux (1863–1919)
Gabriel Pierné (1863)
Isidor Philipp (1863)
Erik Satie (1866–1925)
Charles Koechlin (1867)
Claude Achille Debussy (1867–1918)
Florent Schmitt (1870)
Louis Vierne (1870)
Henri Rabaud (1873)
Deodat de Sévérac (1873–1921)
Jean Roger Ducasse (1875)
Maurice Ravel (1875)
Louis Aubert (1877)
Gustave Samazeuilh (1877)
Rhené-Baton (1879)
Gabriel Grovlez (1879)
André Caplet (1878–1925)
Paul Le Flem (1881)
Georges Migot (1891)
Arthur Honegger (1892)
Darius Milhaud (1892)
Francis Poulenc (1899)
Louis Vuillemin (?)

BELGIUM

Théophile Ysaye (1865–1918)

DUTCH

Richard Hol (1825–1904)
Johan Wagenaar (1862)
Dirk Schaefer (1874)

SWISS

Sigismund Thalberg (1812–1871)
Joseph Joachim Raff (1822–1882)
Hans Huber (1852–1921)
Emile Blanchet (1877)

RUSSIAN

Michail Ivanovitch Glinka (1804–1857)
Anton Rubinstein (1830–1894)
Alexander Borodin (1834–1887)
Nicolai von Wilm (1834–1911)
César Cui (1835–1918)
Nicolai Rubinstein (1835–1881)
Mili Balakirev (1836–1910)
Modest Moussorgsky (1839–1881)
Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
Nicolas de Stcherbatchev (1853)
Alexander Kopylov (1854)
Anatole Liadov (1855–1914)
Eduard Schütt (1856) (Living in Vienna)
Genari Karganov (1858–1890)
Alexander Ilyinsky (1859)
Serge M. Liapounov (1859)
Anton Arensky (1861–1906)
Joseph Wihtol (1863)
Alexander Glazounov (1865)
Vladimir Rebikov (1866)
Arseni Korestchenko (1870)
Paul Juon (1872)
Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Reinhold M. Glière (1875)
Ossip Gabrilovitch (1878)
Nikolaus Medtner (1879)
Gregory Krein (1880)
Leonid Sabaneyef (1881)
Alexander Krein (1883)
Samuel Feinberg (1890)
Serge Prokofiev (1891)
Alexander Tcherepnin (1902)

POLISH

Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849)
Theodore Leschetizky (1830–1915)
Alexander Zarzycki (1834–1895)
Philipp Scharwenka (1847–1917)
Xaver Scharwenka (1850–1924)
J. L. Nicodé (1853)
Moritz Moszkowski (1854–1925)
Ignace Jan Paderewski (1860)
Emil Mlynarski (1870)
Sigismund Stojowski (1870) (Living in America)
Leopold Godowsky (1870) (Living in America)
Karol Szymanowski (1883)
Poldowski (Lady Dean Paul) (188 ?) (Living in London)
Alexandre Tansman (1898) (Living in Paris)

FINNISH

Robert Kajanus (1856)
Jan Sibelius (1865)
Oskar Merikanto (1868)
Armas Järnefelt (1869)
Selim Palmgren (1878)
Armas E. Launis (1884)

SCANDINAVIAN

Halfdan Kjerulf (Norwegian) (1815–1868)
Niels Gade (Danish) (1817–1890)
August Winding (Danish) (1835–1899)
Edmund Neupert (Norwegian) (1842–1888)
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (Norwegian) (1843–1907)
Agathe Backer-Gröndahl (Norwegian) (1847–1907)
Ludwig T. Schytte (Danish) (1850–1909)
Emil Sjögren (Swedish) (1853–1918)
Cornelius Rybner (Danish) (1855–1929) (Lived in America)
Christian Sinding (Norwegian) (1856)
August Enna (Danish) (1860)
Johan Halvorsen (Norwegian) (1864)
A. Carl Nielson (Danish) (1864)
Olof Peterson-Berger (Swedish) (1867)
Sigurd Lie (Norwegian) (1871–1904)

ITALIAN

Giovanni Sgambati (1843–1914)
M. Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Ferruccio Busoni (1866–1924)
Mario Tarenghi (1870)
Franco Alfano (1877)
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876)
G. Francesco Malipiero (1882)
Alfredo Casella (1883)
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1896)
Victor da Sabata (1896)

SPANISH

Pedro Albeniz (1795–1855)
Isaac Albeniz (1861–1909)
Enrique Granados (1867–1916)
Alberto Jonás (1868)
José Vianna di Motta (Portuguese) (1868)
Manuel de Falla (1876)
Frederic Mompou (_20th Century_)
Joaquin Turina (1882)

BRAZIL

Villa-Lobos (1892)

ENGLISH

John Field (1782–1837)
William Sterndale Bennett (1816–1875)
Walter C. MacFarren (1826–1905)
Charles Hubert H. Parry (1848–1918)
Tobias Matthay (1858)
Algernon Ashton (1859)
Herbert F. Sharpe (1861)
Eugene d’Albert (1864)
Granville Bantock (1868)
Arthur Hinton (1869)
Percy Pitt (1870)
Ernest Austin (1874)
Norman O’Neill (1875)
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912)
William Y. Hurlstone (1876–1906)
H. Balfour Gardiner (1877)
Roger Quilter (1877)
Josef Holbrooke (1878)
John Ireland (1879)
Frank Bridge (1879)
Cyril Scott (1879)
Arnold Bax (1883)
Lord Berners (1883)
York Bowen (1884)
John R. Heath (1887)
Gerrard Williams (1888)
Alec Rowley (1892)
Eugene Goossens (1893)
Norman Peterkin (?)

AMERICAN

Hermann Adolf Wollenhaupt (German) (1827–1863)
L. M. Gottschalk (1829–1869)
William Mason (1829–1908)
Sebastian Bach Mills (1838–1898)
Homer N. Bartlett (1846–1920)
Emil Liebling (1851–1914)
Max Vogrich (Transylvania) (1822–1916)
Constantin Sternberg (1852–1924)
Rafael Joseffy (Hungarian) (1852–1915)
Percy Goetschius (1853)
Arthur Foote (1853)
William H. Sherwood (1854–1911)
Adolph M. Foerster (1854–1927)
George W. Chadwick (1854)
Wilson G. Smith (1855–1929)
Arthur Bird (1856–1923)
George Templeton Strong (1856)
Carl V. Lachmund (1857–192?)
Harry Rowe Shelley (1858)
Bruno Oscar Klein (German) (1858–1911)
Edward MacDowell (1861–1908)
Arthur Whiting (1861)
Ethelbert Nevin (1862–1901)
Henry Holden Huss (1862)
William H. Berwald (German) (1864)
Rosseter Gleason Cole (1866)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Margaret Ruthven Lang (1867)
Florence N. Barbour (1867)
Louis Victor Saar (1868)
Henry F. Gilbert (1868–1928)
Paolo Gallico (Austrian) (1868)
Louis Adolph Coerne (1870–1922)
Howard Brockway (1870)
Samuel Bollinger (1871)
Arthur Nevin (1871)
Rubin Goldmark (1872)
Felix Borowsky (1872)
Arthur Farwell (1872)
Edward Burlingame Hill (1872)
Daniel Gregory Mason (1873)
Ernest Schelling (1876)
Mortimer Wilson (1876)
John Alden Carpenter (1876)
John Beach (1877)
Louis Campbell-Tipton (1877–1921)
Rudolph Ganz (Swiss) (1877)
Blair Fairchild (1877)
Albert Mildenberg (1878–1918)
Benjamin Lambord (1879–1915)
Heniot Lévy (Polish) (1879)
Eastwood Lane (?)
Arthur Shepherd (1880)
Noble Kreider (1880 ?)
F. Morris Class (1881–1926)
Gena Branscombe (1881)
R. Nathaniel Dett (1882)
John Powell (1882)
Percy Grainger (Australian) (1882)
Charles Tomlinson Griffes (1884–1920)
Emerson Whithorne (1884)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Cecil Burleigh (1885)
George F. Boyle (Australian) (1886)
Walter Morse Rummel (1887)
Fanny Charles Dillon (_20th Century_)
Edward Royce (1886)
Marion Bauer (1887)
Leslie Loth (1888)
A. Walter Kramer (1890)
Frederick Jacobi (1891)
Rosalie Housman (1892)
Charles Haubiel (1892)
Elliot Griffis (1892)
Mana Zucca (1893)
Albert Stoessel (1894)
David W. Guion (1895)
Leo Ornstein (1895)
George Antheil (_20th Century_)
Henry Cowell (_20th Century_)
Richard Hammond (1896)
Aaron Copland (1898)

Some Writers of Song

GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN

Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714–1787)
Johann Adam Hiller (1728–1804)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Karl Zelter (1758–1832)
Johann Zumsteeg (1760–1802)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
Luise Reichardt (1788–1826)
Heinrich Marschner (1795–1861)
Johann Carl Gottfried Loewe (1796–1869)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
Heinrich Dorn (1804–1892)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Heinrich Proch (1809–1878)
Otto Nicolai (1810–1849)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Richard Wagner (1813–1883)
Robert Franz (1815–1892)
Franz Abt (1819–1885)
Joseph Joachim Raff (Swiss) (1822–1882)
Peter Cornelius (1824–1874)
Alexander Ritter (1833–1896)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Adolf Jensen (1837–1879)
Max Bruch (1838–1920)
Joseph Rheinberger (1839–1901)
Engelbert Humperdinck (1854–1921)
Felix Mottl (1856)
Hugo Wolf (1860–1903)
Ludwig Thuille (1861–1907)
Felix Weingartner (1863)
Hugo Kaun (1863)
Richard Strauss (1864)
Robert Kahn (1865)
Hans Pfitzner (1869)
Hans Hermann (1870)
Siegmund von Hausegger (1872)
Max Reger (1873–1916)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874)
Eric Wolff (1874–1913)
Franz Schreker (1878)
Karl Bleyle (1880)
Joseph Marx (1882)
Walter Braunfels (1882)
Anton von Webern (1883)
Egon Wellesz (1885)
Kurt Weill (188 ?)
Heinz Tiessen (1887)
Eduard Erdmann (_20th Century_)
Hermann Scherchen (1891)
Erich Korngold (1897)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Bedrich Smetana (1824–1884)
Eduard Napravnik (1839–1916)
Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)
Zdenko Fibich (1850–1900)
Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)
Karl Navratil (1867)
Vitezslav Novak (1870)
Fidelio Finke (1891)
Hans Krasa (1899)

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Karl Goldmark (1830–1915)
Francis Korbay (1846–1913)
Emanuel Moor (1862)
Ottokar Novacek (1866–1900)
Ernst von Dohnanyi (1877)
Béla Bártok (1881)
Zoltan Kodaly (1882)
Deszo Zsives (1885)
Tibor Harsanyi (1898)

FRENCH

Luigi Cherubini (Italian) (1760)
Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)
Napoleon Henri Reber (1807–1880)
Félicien David (1810–1876)
Charles Gounod (1818–1893)
César Franck (Belgian) (1822–1890)
Edouard Lalo (1823–1892)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Leo Délibes (1836–1891)
Théodore Dubois (1837–1924)
Georges Bizet (1838–1875)
Jules Massenet (1842–1912)
Emile Paladilhe (1844)
Charles Marie Widor (1845)
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924)
René Lenormand (1846)
Henri Duparc (1848)
Benjamin Godard (1849–1895)
Alexandre Georges (1850)
Augusta Holmès (Irish) (1849–1903)
Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Raoul Pugno (1852–1914)
Ernest Chausson (1855–1899)
Alfred Bruneau (1857)
George Huë (1858)
Sylvio Lazzari (Tyrolese) (1858)
Gustave Charpentier (1860)
Pierre de Breville (1861)
Cecile Chaminade (1861)
Henri Bemberg (1861)
Claude Achille Debussy (1862–1918)
August Chapuis (1862)
Gabriel Pierné (1863)
Paul Vidal (1863)
Charles Koechlin (1867)
Albert Roussel (1869)
Florent Schmitt (1870)
Louis Vierne (1870)
Deodat de Sévérac (1873–1921)
Henri Rabaud (1873)
Reynaldo Hahn (Venezuelan) (1874)
Max d’Ollone (1875)
Maurice Ravel (1875)
Camille Decreus (1876)
Raoul Laparra (1876)
Louis Aubert (1877)
André Caplet (1878–1925)
Gabriel Grovlez (1879)
Rhené-Baton (1879)
Jeanne Herscher-Clément (1880)
Félix Fourdrain (1880–1924)
Paul Le Flem (1881)
Jean Cras (_20th Century_)
Louis Durey (1888)
Raymond Petit (?)
Jacques Ibert (1890)
Georges Migot (1891)
Roland Manuel (1891)
Darius Milhaud (1892)
Arthur Honegger (1892)
Marcelle Soulage (1894)
Georges Auric (1899)
Francis Poulenc (1899)

BELGIAN

Gustav Huberti (1843–1910)
Jan Blockx (1851–1912)
Edgar Tinel (1854–1912)
Sylvain Dupuis (1856)
Paul Gilson (1865)
Louis Mortelmans (1868)
Guillaume Lekeu (1870–1894)
Victor Vreuls (1876)

DUTCH

Richard Hol (1825–1904)
Bernard Zweers (1854)
Julius Roentgen (1855)
Alfons Diepenbrock (1862–1921)
Jan Brandt-Buys (1868)
Cornelius Dopper (1870)
Dirk Schaefer (1874)
Bernard van Dieren (1884)
Dirk Foch (1886)
Willem Pijper (1894)

SWISS

Hans Huber (1852–1921)
Rudolph Ganz (1877) (Living in America)
Emile Blanchet (1877)
Ernest Bloch (1880) (Living in America)

RUSSIAN

Michael Glinka (1804–1857)
Anton Rubinstein (1830–1894)
Alexander Borodin (1834–1887)
César Cui (1835–1918)
Mily Balakirev (1837–1910)
Modest Moussorgsky (1839–1881)
Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
Alexander Kopylov (1854)
Alexander Ilyinsky (1859)
Anton Arensky (1861–1906)
Georg Catoire (1861–1926)
Erik Mayer-Helmund (1861)
Alexander Gretchaninov (1864)
Joseph Wihtol (1863)
Alexander Glazounov (1865)
Vladimir Rebikov (1866)
Arseni Korestchenko (1870)
Serge Vassilenko (1872)
Serge Rachmaninov (1873)
Reinhold Glière (1875)
Miecyslaw Karlowicz (1876–1909)
Nikolaus Medtner (1879)
Gregory Krein (1880)
Igor Stravinsky (1882)
Alexander Krein (1882)
Michael Gniessin (1883)

POLISH

Frédéric Chopin (1809–1849)
Felix Nowowiejski (German)(1877)
Karol Szymanowsky (1883)
Poldowski (Lady Dean Paul) (188 ?) (Living in London)
Alexandre Tansman (1898)

FINNISH

Jan Sibelius (1865)
Oskar Merikanto (1867)
Armas Järnefelt (1869)
Selim Palmgren (1878)
Armas E. Launis (1884)

SCANDINAVIAN

Adolf Lindblad (Swedish) (1801–1878)
Johan P. E. Hartmann (Danish) (1805–1900)
Halfdan Kjerulf (Norwegian) (1815–1868)
Niels Gade (Danish) (1817–1890)
Eduard Lassen (Danish) (1830–1894)
Jorgen Malling (Danish) (1836–1905)
Rikard Nordraak (Norwegian) (1842–1866)
Julius Bechgaard (Danish) (1843–1917)
Edvard Grieg (Norwegian) (1843–1907)
Mme. Agathe Backer-Grondah (Norwegian) (1847–1907)
Otto Malling (Danish) (1848–1915)
Ludwig Schytte (Danish) (1850–1909)
Ole Olsen (Norwegian) (1850)
Peter Lange-Müller (Danish) (1850–1926)
Emil Sjögren (Swedish) (1853–1918)
Cornelius Rybner (1855–1929)
Christian Sinding (Norwegian) (1856)
August Enna (Danish) (1860)
Carl Nielson (Danish) (1864)
Johan Halvorsen (Norwegian) (1864)
Bror Beckman (Swedish) (1866)
Olaf Peterson-Berger (Swedish) (1867)
Wilhelm Stenhammar (Swedish) (1871)
Sigurd Lie (Norwegian) (1871–1904)
Hugo Alfven (Swedish) (1872)
Halfdan Cleve (Norwegian) (1879)
Natanael Berg (Norwegian) (1879)
Ture Rangstrom (Swedish) (1884)

ITALIAN

Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901)
Luigi Arditi (1822–1903)
Ciro Pinsuti (1829–1888)
F. Paolo Tosti (1846–1916)
P. Mario Costa (1858)
Ruggiero Leoncavallo (1858–1919)
Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Franco Leoni (1864)
Leone Sinigaglia (1868)
Carlo Perinello (1875)
Stefano Donaudy (1879)
Ottorino Respighi (1879)
Gabrieli Sibella (?–1925)
Ildebrando Pizzetti (1880)
Vincenzo Tommasini (1880)
Francesco Malipiero (1882)
Francesco Santoliquido (1883)
Alfredo Casella (1883)
Riccardo Zandonai (1883)
Ferdinando Liuzzi (1884)
Adriano Lualdi (1887)
Vincenzo Davico (1889)
Guido Guerrini (1890)
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895)

SPANISH

Pedro Albeniz (1795–1855)
Felipe Pedrell (1841–1922)
Enrique Granados (1867–1916)
Manuel de Falla (1876)
Carlos Pedreil (Uruguayan) (1878)
Joaquin Turina (1882)
Joaquin Nin (1883)
Joaquin Valverde (1875–1918)
Quirino Valverde (?)
Julian Huarte (?)

ENGLISH

John Barnett (1802–1890)
William Sterndale Bennett (1816–1875)
Arthur Seymour Sullivan (1842–1900)
Alexander C. Mackenzie (1847)
Charles Hubert H. Parry (1848–1918)
Arthur Goring Thomas (1851–1892)
Frederick H. Cowen (1852)
Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924)
Maud Valerie White (1855)
Edward Elgar (1857)
Ethel M. Smyth (1858)
“Anton Strelezki” Sir Francis Bernand (1859)
Algernon Ashton (1859)
Edward German (1862)
Liza Lehmann (1862–1918)
Frederick Delius (1863)
Arthur Somervell (1863)
Eugene d’Albert (1864)
Herbert Bedford (1867)
Granville Bantock (1868)
Walford Davies (1869)
Percy Pitt (1870)
Cecil Forsyth (1870)
Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872)
Landon Ronald (1873)
Gustav Holst (1874)
Ernest Austin (1874)
Norman O’Neill (1875)
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912)
H. Balfour Gardiner (1877)
Roger Quilter (1877)
Graham Peel (1877)
Josef Holbrooke (1878)
Rutland Boughton (1878)
Frank Bridge (1879)
John Ireland (1879)
Cyril Scott (1879)
Bryceson Treharne (1879)
Arnold Bax (1883)
Lord Berners (1883)
Hubert Bath (1883)
Peter Warlock (?)
Felix White (1884)
Benjamin Dale (1885)
John Heath (1887)
Gerrard Williams (1888)
Leigh Henry (1889)
Armstrong Gibbs (1889)
Arthur Bliss (1891)
Alec Rowley (1892)
Eugene Goossens (1893)
Eric Fogg (1903)
Martin Shaw

AMERICAN

Francis Hopkinson (1737–1791)
Stephen Collins Foster (1826–1864)
Harrison Millard (1830–1895)
Dudley Buck (1839–1909)
George L. Osgood (1844–1923)
William Wallace Gilchrist (1846–1916)
Homer N. Bartlett (1846–1920)
Oscar Weil (1839–1921)
Jules Jordan (1850)
Arthur Foote (1853)
George W. Chadwick (1854)
Adolph M. Foerster (1854–1927)
Wilson G. Smith (1855–1929)
John Hyatt Brewer (1856)
Helen Hopekirk (Scotch) (1856)
Mary Turner Salter (1856)
Clayton Johns (1857)
James H. Rogers (1857)
Edgar Stillman Kelley (1857)
Frank Lynes (1858–1913)
Harry Rowe Shelley (1858)
Charles B. Hawley (1858)
Gerrit Smith (1859–1912)
Reginald de Koven (1859–1920)
Charles Whitney Coombs (1859)
Victor Herbert (1859–1924)
Alfred G. Robyn (1860)
William C. Hammond (1860)
Pietro Floridia (Italian) (1860)
Homer A. Norris (1860–1920)
Edward MacDowell (1861–1908)
Charles Martin Loeffler (Alsatian) (1861)
Isidore Luckstone (1861)
R. Huntington Woodman (1861)
Williams Arms Fisher (1861)
Ethelbert Nevin (1862–1901)
Walter Damrosch (1862)
Henry Holden Huss (1862)
Ernest R. Kroeger (1862)
Carl Busch (1862)
Horatio Parker (1863–1919)
William H. Neidlinger (1863–1924)
Frederick Field Bullard (1864–1904)
Sidney Homer (1864)
Harvey Worthington Loomis (1865)
Louis Koemmenich (German) (1866–1922)
Daniel Protheroe (Welsh) (1866)
Frank Seymour Hastings (?)
Clarence Lucas (1866)
Harry T. Burleigh (1866)
Rosseter Gleason Cole (1866)
Mrs. H. H. A. Beach (1867)
Margaret Ruthven Lang (1867)
Florence N. Barbour (1867)
Louis Victor Saar (Dutch) (1868)
Henry F. Gilbert (1868–1928)
Paolo Gallico (Austrian) (1868)
Victor Harris (1869)
William Henry Humiston (1869–1924)
Louis Adolph Coerne (1870–1922)
Howard Brockway (1870)
Bruno Huhn (1871)
Samuel Bollinger (1871)
Frederick Converse (1871)
Arthur Nevin (1871)
Henry K. Hadley (1871)
Percy Lee Atherton (1871)
Theodore Spiering (1871–1925)
Walter Henry Rothwell (English-Austrian) (1872–1927)
Rubin Goldmark (1872)
Arthur Farwell (1872)
Rupert Hughes (1872)
Charles Fonteyn Manney (1872)
Francesco de Nogero, d. 1926
_Emilie Frances Bauer_ (?–1926)
Edward Burlingame Hill (1872)
George A. Grant-Schaeffer (1872)
Daniel Gregory Mason (1873)
John Adam Hugo (1873)
Eugen Haile (German) (1873)
Edward Horsman (1873–1918)
Oscar G. Sonneck (1873–1928)
Charles Gilbert Spross (1874)
Henry Clough-Leighter (1874)
Hallett Gilberté (1875)
Frederick Ayres (1876)
Oley Speaks (1876)
Ernest Schelling (1876)
Mortimer Wilson (1876)
John Alden Carpenter (1876)
John Beach (1877)
Louis Campbell-Tipton (1877–1921)
Blair Fairchild (1877)
David Stanley Smith (1877)
Harriet Ware (1877)
Albert Mildenberg (1878–1918)
Franz C. Bornschein (1879)
Benjamin Lombard (1879–1915)
Constance Mills Herreshoff (?)
Mary Helen Brown (?)
Frank La Forge (1879)
Heniot Lévy (Polish) (1879)
Eastwood Lane (?)
Harry Osgood (?–1927)
Mabel Daniels (1878)
Alexander Macfayden (1879)
Alexander Russell (1880)
Homer Grunn (1880)
Marshall Kernochan (1880)
Ernest Bloch (Swiss) (1880)
Arthur Shepherd (1880)
Mabel Wood Hill (?)
Amy Ashmore Clark (1882)
F. Morris Class (1881–1926)
Gena Branscombe (1881)
Charles Wakefield Cadman (1881)
R. Nathaniel Dett (1882)
John Powell (1882)
Ward Stephens (?)
Percy Grainger (Australian) (1882)
Pearl Curran (?)
Richard Hagemann (Dutch) (1882)
Bainbridge Crist (1883)
Carl Deis (1883)
Carl Engel (1883)
Charles Tomlinson Griffes (1884–1920)
Emerson Whithorne (1884)
Louis Gruenberg (1884)
Deems Taylor (1885)
Cecil Burleigh (1885)
Fay Foster (?)
Katherine Ruth Heyman (?)
Florence Turner Maley (?)
Florence Parr Gere (?)
Wintter Watts (1886)
Louis Edgar Johns (1886)
George F. Boyle (Australian) (1886)
Edward Ballantine (1886)
Edward Royce (1886)
Walter Golde (?)
Lily Strickland (1887)
Walter Morse Rummel (1887)
Dwight Fiske (?)
Fanny Charles Dillon (?)
Marion Bauer (1887)
Leslie Loth (1888)
Albert Spalding (1888)
Harold Vincent Milligan (1888)
Chalmers Clifton (1889)
Philip James (1890)
A. Walter Kramer (1890)
Rhea Silberta (?)
Frederick Jacobi (1891)
Elliot Griffis (1892)
Rosalie Housman (1892)
Mana Zucca (1893)
Albert Stoessel (1894)
David Guion (1895)
Leo Ornstein (1895)
Richard Hammond (1896)
Thurlow Lieurance (1897)
Aaron Copland (1898)
Alice Barnett (?)
Tom Dobson (d. 1921)
Bernhard Wagenaar (Dutch) (?)
Alexander Steinert, Jr. (?)
Kathleen Blair Clarke (?)
David W. Guion (?)

Oratorios

ITALIAN

Emilio del Cavalieri (1550?–1602)
Domenico Mazzocchi (1590–1650)
Luigi Rossi (1598–1653)
Giacomo Carissimi (1605–1674)
Giovanni Paolo Colonna (1627–1695)
Carola Pallavicini (1630–1688)
Alessandro Stradella (1645–1681)
Alessandro Scarlatti (1659–1725)
Francesco Pistocchi (1659–1726)
Jocopo Perti (1661–1756)
Antonio Caldara (1678–1763)
Niccolo Porpora (1686–1767)
Leonardo Leo (1694–1746)
Nicola Jommelli (1714–1774)
Felice de Giardini (1716–1796)
Pietro Guglielmi (1727–1804)
Antonio Sacchini (1734–1786)
Giovanni Paisiello (1741–1816)
Domenico Cimarosa (1749–1801)
Antonio Salieri (1750–1825)
Nicola Zingarelli (1752–1837)
Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868)
Gaetana Donizetti (1797–1848)
Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901)
M. Enrico Bossi (1861–1925)
Giovanni Tebaldini (1864)
Giovanni Gianetti (1869)
Alfredo d’Ambrogio (1871–1915)
Lorenzo Perosi (1872)
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876)
Franco Alfano (1877)

GERMAN

Heinrich Schutz (1585–1672)
Johann Sebastiani (1622–1683)
Johann J. Fox (1660–1741)
Reinhard Keiser (1674–1739)
Johann Mattheson (1681–1764)
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681–1767)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
George Frederick Handel (1685–1759)
Johann Adolph Hasse (1699–1783)
Karl Heinrich Graun (1701–1759)
Karl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788)
Johann Heinrich Rolle (1718–1785)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
Johann Gottlieb Naumann (1741–1801)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
Sigismund Neukomm (1778–1858)
Ludwig (Louis) Spohr (1784–1859)
Friedrich Schneider (1786–1853)
Johann Karl Gottfried Loewe (1796–1869)
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847)
Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Ferdinand Hiller (1811–1885)
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Max Bruch (1838–1920)
Joseph Rheinberger (1839–1901)
August Klughardt (1847–1902)
Otto Taubmann (1859)
Pater Hartmann (1863–1914)

HUNGARIAN

Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
Mauritius Vavrineoz (1858)

CZECHO-SLOVAKIAN

Antonin Dvorak (1841–1904)

RUSSIAN

Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894)

POLISH

Felix Nowowiejski (1877)

ENGLISH

Maurice Greene (1696–1755)
Thomas A. Arne (1710–1778)
John Stanley (1713–1786)
Samuel Arnold (1740–1802)
William Crotch (1775–1847)
John Barnett (1802–1890)
Michael Costa (1810?–1884)
George Alexander MacFarren (1813–1887)
William Sterndale Bennett (1816–1875)
Frederick Ouseley (1825–1889)
Joseph Barnby (1838–1896)
John Stainer (1840–1901)
Arthur Seymour Sullivan (1842–1900)
Frederick J. Bridge (1844–1924)
Alexander Campbell Mackenzie (1847)
Charles Hubert Hastings Parry (1848–1918)
Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924)
Frederic Hymen Cowen (1852)
Henry John Edwards (1854)
Harvey Löhr (1856)
Edward Elgar (1857)
Alfred Herbert Brewer (1865)
John Blackwood McEwen (1868)
Granville Bantock (1868)
H. Walford Davies (1869)
Gustav Holst (1874)
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875–1912)

FRENCH

François Lesueur (1760–1837)
Félicien David (1810–1876)
Charles Gounod (1818–1893)
César Franck (Belgian) (1822–1890)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921)
Théodore Dubois (1837–1924)
Vincent d’Indy (1851)
Claude Achille Debussy (1862–1918)
Gabriel Pierné (1863)
Charles Silver (1868)
Henri Rabaud (1873)
Reynaldo Hahn (Venezuelan) (1874)
André Caplet (1878–1925)
Arthur Honegger (1892)

BELGIAN

Pierre Benoit (1834–1901)
Edgar Tinel (1854–1912)

SPANISH

Felipe Pedrell (1841–1922)
Isaac Albeniz (1861–1909)

AMERICAN

Dudley Buck (1839–1909)
John Knowles Paine (1839–1906)
Julian Edwards (English) (1855–1910)
Humphrey John Stewart (1856)
Edgar Stillman Kelley (1857)
Horatio W. Parker (1863–1919)
Clarence Lucas (1866)
Paolo Gallico (Austrian) (1868)
Henry K. Hadley (1871)
Frederick S. Converse (1871)
Rosetter Gleason Cole (1866)

Some Opera Writers

ITALIAN