Chapter VIII: Rules for a Small Library.36

HEADINGS.

_AUTHOR._--1. All books to be entered under their authors' surnames;
when there are two or more authors, the first is to be taken as the
leading name. [75]

2. Foreign compound names to be arranged under the first name.
English compound names under the last, except in those cases where
the first is known to be a true surname. [76]

3. Proper names of foreigners to be alphabetically arranged under
the prefixes Dal, Del, Della, Des, Du, Le, La; but not under the
prefixes D', Da, De, Von, Van, Van der. English names to be
arranged under the prefixes De, De la, Van, Mac, O', etc. [80]

4. Peers to be arranged under their titles, and not under their
family names, except in such cases as that of Horace Walpole, where
a man is seldom known by his title. Bishops, deans, etc., to be
sought under their family names. [87]

5. Sovereigns, saints, and friars to be registered under their
Christian names. [91]

6. Latin authors to be registered under their nomens, except in
those cases where the agnomen has been popularly adopted. [101]

7. Oriental names to be registered in accordance with the system
adopted by a recognized authority on the subject. [95]

8. When an author has changed his name, he is to be registered by
the last one adopted. [97]

9. Married women to be registered under their married name, except
in those cases where they have only written under their maiden name.
[98]

10. When an author has adopted several pseudonyms at various times,
all are to be brought together under the author's true name. When
an author has consistently used one pseudonym, and is solely known
by that name, he can be registered under it, with a reference from
his true name. [146]

11. Christian names of authors are to follow their surnames, within
parentheses, and are always to be written in full. [95]

_Non-Author Headings._

12. Trials to be entered under the name of the defendant in a
criminal suit, and of the plaintiff in a civil suit. Trials relating
to vessels to be entered under the name of the vessel. [122]

13. Catalogues to be arranged under the heading of "Catalogues," and
subdivided under the sub-headings of the objects catalogued. [123]

14. Records of voyages not entirely written by one author to be
brought under the name of the vessel. [127]

15. All anonymous books whose authors are certainly known are to be
registered under those authors' names. [130]

16. When an author is unknown, and the initials only are given on
the title-page of a book, or at the end of the preface, dedication,
or other preliminary matter, the book is to be considered as
anonymous, and treated in accordance with the following rules
respecting anonymous works. [145]

17. Anonymous works relating to a person or a place to be registered
under the name of that person or place. [131]

18. Anonymous works with a catch-title, such as the title of a
novel, to be registered under the first word of that title. [131]

19. Other anonymous works to be registered under the name of the
subject which is prominently referred to on the title-page, and in
the language of the title-page. An adjective is frequently to be
preferred to a substantive as a heading. For instance, when it
contains the point of the compound, as _Alimentary_ Canal, _English_
History, etc. [131]

THE TITLE.

20. The title of a book when not long is to be taken in its
entirety. When long curtailment must be undertaken with care, and
dots should be inserted where words have been omitted. [133]

21. Information respecting the edition and the editor, and any
additional matter, should be included in the catalogue slip. [160]

PLACE OF PUBLICATION.

22. The place of publication must always be given, and if it be not
found on the title-page, it must be added between brackets whenever
known. The name always to be given as it appears on the title-page.
Sometimes the place of printing, when different from that of
publication, is added, but this is only necessary in rare cases.
[163]

DATE.

23. Dates are always to be given in a catalogue in Arabic numerals.
It is important that the date should be discovered when it does not
occur on the title-page. The date may sometimes occur as a
chronogram, which should not be overlooked. [164]

24. Greek dates require special attention. For a table of these
see Chapter IV., p. 167.

SIZE-NOTATION.

25. In books published before the use of machine-made papers, the
size of books is to be distinguished by the signatures and the fold
of the water-mark of the hand-made paper. In modern books demy
octavo is to be considered as the standard of an octavo. All above
that size to be styled large octavo, and all below small octavo.
Quartos and folios to be so designated, except in those cases where
they are either specially large or specially small, when they should
respectively be described as large quarto or small folio. [168]

COLLATION.

26. In the case of rare books a collation should be added to the
title slip; but all books, when only in one volume, should have the
number of their pages added. [178]

ABSTRACTS OF CONTENTS.

27. When the contents of a set of works are very varied, a short
abstract of the contents of each volume may be added with
advantage. When the contents are of a similar character, like a
collection of plays, it will be more convenient to throw the titles
into alphabetical order, and add the number of the volume to each
entry. [206]

REFERENCES.

28. All references should be in English, and the subject of a book
must be referenced, even if it is not clearly expressed on the
title-page. [187]

29. When a book contains something which is not mentioned on the
title-page, it must be added either between brackets or in a note,
and then a reference can be made to it; but no reference must be
made to a title which does not contain the information required.
[187]

30. References in an alphabetical catalogue should not be
classified. Thus Gold should be under G, and Silver under S, instead
of being grouped under Metals. Cross-references may be given from
Metals to Gold and Silver. [188]

31. It is not necessary to follow the exact wording of a title in
the reference but it will be often more convenient for the
cataloguer to make a heading which may include several references.
[187]

ARRANGEMENT.

32. Before arranging the entries of a catalogue it will be necessary
to decide whether all the books are to be included in one alphabet;
and if not, what are to be excluded. [209]

33. Pamphlets or tracts should not be catalogued separately from the
other books, except in very special cases. [210]

34. If a library contains many magazines or journals, transactions
of societies, or astronomical and other observations, it will be
well to keep these distinct from the general catalogue; but if they
are few, they can be included in the general alphabet. [211]

35. Transactions of societies should be arranged under the name of
the place where the society holds its meetings, and these names
should be arranged in alphabetical order. [219]

36. When a society has shifted its place of meeting, all its
publications should be entered under the name of the existing
place, with references from the names of the previous places of
meeting. [223]

37. Journals should be arranged in alphabetical order under the
first word of the title not an article. [225]

38. Journals not to be placed under the editors' names. [226]

39. Astronomical and meteorological observations should be kept
distinct from transactions of societies, but they may be arranged in
the same way under the names of the places where the observatories
are situated. [226]

_Alphabet._

40. The arrangement to be according to the order of the English
alphabet. I and J, U and V, to be treated as separate letters. [198]

41. In German names ä, ö, ü to be treated as if written a, o, u. If
it be desired to arrange them as ae, oe, ue, they must be so
written. [199]

42. The prefixes Mr., Mc, St., etc., should be arranged as if spelt
Mister, Mac, Saint, etc. [200]

43. When the word _Saint_ represents a ceremonial title, as in the
case of St. Alban, St. Giles, and St. Augustine, these names are to
be arranged under the letters A and G respectively; but the places
St. Albans, St. Giles, and St. Augustines should be found under the
prefix Saint. [201]

44. Prefixes in proper names, even when printed separately, are to
be treated as if they were joined. Thus De Morgan will come before
Demosthenes, and De Quincey after Demosthenes. [205]

45. Headings consisting of two or more distinct words are not to be
treated as integral portions of one word. [205]

_Order of Sub-Entries._

46. The works of an author should be arranged in the following order:--

_a._ Collected works.

_b._ Partial collections.

_c._ Separate works in chronological order, except in the case of
plays or novels, which may be in alphabetical order.

_d._ Translations in the same order as that adopted for the original
works. [205]

MANIPULATION.

47. Slips of paper or thick cards should be used for writing the
titles upon. A convenient size is that of a page of note paper used
lengthways. The shelf-mark can be placed at the top of the
right-hand corner. The author's name or heading should be written on
a line by itself at the left-hand side, about an inch from the top
of the paper.

48. The references may be written upon similar slips, so as to range
with the titles.

49. Various directions as to sorting have been given, but the worker
will soon find out for himself the most convenient mode. The
arrangement should be made in regular sequence. Thus the slips must
be sorted into first letters, then into second letters, and so on.

50. When the slips are sorted, it will be necessary to place them in
boxes or drawers for safety.

51. If the slips are sent to the printer, they must be numbered; but
when there are a large number, it is not necessary to put the full
number on each slip. It will be sufficient to number up to one
hundred, and then begin again, marking down each additional hundred.
The alphabetical order of the slips will check the numbering.

52. When a catalogue is printed, lines of repetition must be used if
the author's name or other heading is the same in several entries.
This line should not be too long, as it is a mistake to vary its
length to denote the length of that which is repeated. [201]

53. The usual form for the library copy of a catalogue is folio. If
the catalogue is in manuscript, the left-hand page should in all
cases be left vacant for additions, and the entries on the
right-hand page should not be too closely written, as it is
difficult to tell how many additions may be required before the
catalogue is worn out. In the case of a printed catalogue, two pages
of print can be pasted on one page, and here the right-hand column
should be left blank for additions.

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FOOTNOTE:

[36] The number at the end of each rule refers to the page of this book where the reason for the particular rule is more fully discussed.

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