Chapter IV: Private Libraries

Treating of private libraries, it will be necessary to consider their constitution under two heads, according as they are required in town or country. In London, for instance, where libraries of all kinds are easily accessible, a man need only possess books on his own particular hobby, and a good collection of books of reference; but in the country, away from public libraries, a well-selected collection of standard books will be necessary.

1. _Town._

Every one who loves books will be sure to have some favourite authors on special subjects of study respecting which he needs no instruction farther than that which is ready to his hand. Books on these subjects he will need, both in town and country, if he possesses two houses. Some collectors make their town house a sort of gathering-place for the accessions to their country libraries. Here a class is completed, bound, and put in order, and then sent to the country to find its proper place in the family library.

This is an age of books of reference, and as knowledge increases, and the books which impart it to readers become unwieldy from their multitude, there are sure to be forthcoming those who will reduce the facts into a handy form. I have gathered in the following pages the titles of some of the best books of reference which are to be obtained. Many, if not all of these, are to be found in that magnificent library of reference--the Reading Room of the British Museum. In some cases where the books are constantly being reprinted, dates have been omitted. There are, doubtless, many valuable works which I have overlooked, and some Text-books I have had to leave out owing to the exigencies of space, but I trust that the present list will be found useful.

_Abbreviations._--Dictionnaire des Abréviations Latines et
Françaises usitées dans les inscriptions lapidaires et
métalliques, les manuscrits et les chartes du Moyen Age. Par
L. Alph. Chassant. Quatrième édition. Paris, 1876. Sm. 8vo.

_Anthropology._--Notes and Queries on Anthropology, for the
use of Travellers and Residents in Uncivilized Lands. Drawn
up by a Committee appointed by the British Association.
London, 1874. Sm. 8vo.

_Antiquities._--Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.
Edited by Dr. William Smith. Roy. 8vo.

---- Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et
Romaines d'après les textes et les Monuments ... Ouvrage
rédigé ... sous la direction de Ch. Daremberg et Edm.
Saglio. Paris, 1873. 4to.

---- The Life of the Greeks and Romans described from
Antique Monuments, by E. Guhl and W. Koner, translated from
the third German edition by F. Hueffer. London, 1875. 8vo.

---- Gallus or Roman Scenes of the Time of Augustus. By W.A.
Becker, translated by F. Metcalfe. London.

---- Charicles: Illustrations of the Private Life of the
Ancient Greeks. By W.A. Becker, translated by F. Metcalfe.
London.

_Antiquities._--Archæological Index to remains of antiquity
of the Celtic, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By
John Yonge Akerman. London, 1847. 8vo.

---- Introduction to English Antiquities. By James
Eccleston. London, 1847. 8vo.

---- The English Archæologist's Handbook. By Henry Godwin.
Oxford, 1867. 8vo.

_Architecture._--A Dictionary of the Architecture and
Archæology of the Middle Ages.... By John Britton. London,
1838.

---- History of Architecture in all countries, from the
earliest times to the present day. By James Fergusson.
London, 1865-76. 4 vols. 8vo.

---- Nicholson's Dictionary of the Science and Practice of
Architecture, Building, Carpentry, etc. New edition, edited
by Edward Lomax and Thomas Gunyon. London. 2 vols. 4to.

---- An Encyclopædia of Architecture, historical,
theoretical, and practical. By Joseph Gwilt, revised by
Wyatt Papworth. New edition. London, 1876. 8vo.

---- The Dictionary of Architecture, issued by the
Architectural Publication Society. A to Oz. 4 vols. Roy.
4to. (In progress.)

---- A Glossary of Terms used in Grecian, Roman, Italian,
and Gothic Architecture. Fifth edition, enlarged. Oxford,
1850. 3 vols. 8vo.

---- An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa
Architecture and Furniture.... By J.C. Loudon. London, 1833.
8vo.

_Arts, Manufactures_, etc.--Ure's Dictionary of Arts,
Manufactures, and Mines, containing a clear exposition of
their Principles and Practice. By Robert Hunt, assisted by
F.W. Rudler. Seventh edition. London, 1875. 3 vols. 8vo.

---- Spons' Encyclopædia of the Industrial Arts,
Manufactures, and Commercial Products. London, 1879. 8 vols.
Roy. 8vo.

---- History of Physical Astronomy. By Robert Grant. London
[1852]. A most valuable book, but now out of print and
scarce.

---- An Historical Survey of the Astronomy of the Ancients.
By G. Cornewall Lewis. London, 1862. 8vo.

_Bible._--Dictionary of the Bible, comprising its
Antiquities, Biography, Mythology, and Geography. By Dr.
William Smith. Roy. 8vo.

---- A Biblical Cyclopædia or Dictionary of Eastern
Antiquities, Geography, Natural History, Sacred Annals and
Biography, Theology and Biblical Literature, illustrative of
the Old and New Testaments. Edited by John Eadie, D.D.,
LL.D. Twelfth edition. London, 1870. 8vo.

---- The Bible Atlas of Maps and Plans to illustrate the
Geography and Topography of the Old and New Testaments and
the Apocrypha, with Explanatory Notes by Samuel Clark, M.A.
Also a complete Index of the Geographical Names ... by
George Grove. London, 1868. 4to.

_Bible._ See _Concordances_.

_Bibliography._--See Chapters V. and VI.

_Biography._--Mr. Chancellor Christie contributed a very
interesting article to the _Quarterly Review_ (April, 1884)
on Biographical Dictionaries, in which he details the
history of the struggle between the publishers of the
_Biographie Universelle_ and Messrs. Didot, whose Dictionary
was eventually entitled _Nouvelle Biographie Générale_. The
new edition of the _Biographie Universelle_ (45 vols. Imp.
8vo. Paris, 1854) is an invaluable work. Chalmers's
Biographical Dictionary (32 vols. 8vo. 1812-17) is a mine of
literary wealth, from which compilers have freely dug.
Rose's (12 vols. 8vo. 1848) was commenced upon a very
comprehensive plan, but the lives were considerably
contracted before the work was completed. It is, however, a
very useful work. L.B. Phillips's "Dictionary of
Biographical Reference" contains 100,000 names, and gives
the dates of birth and death, which in many instances is all
the information the consulter requires, and should more be
required, he is referred to the authority. This book is
quite indispensable for every library. There are several
national Biographical Dictionaries, and at last a thoroughly
satisfactory Biographia Britannica is in course of
publication by Messrs. Smith & Elder. The "Dictionary of
National Biography, edited by Leslie Stephen," has reached
the fifth volume, and extends to Bottisham.

---- Robert Chambers's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent
Scotsmen (Glasgow, 1835-56. 5 vols. 8vo.) will be found
useful.

_Biography._--Dr. William Allen's "American Biographical
Dictionary" was published at Boston in 1857.

---- Biographie Nouvelle des Contemporains ... Par A.V.
Arnault [etc.]. Paris, 1820-25. 20 vols. 8vo. Mr. Edward
Smith points this book out to me as specially valuable for
information respecting actors in the French Revolution.

---- Handbook of Contemporary Biography. By Frederick
Martin. London, 1870. Sm. 8vo.

---- Men of the Time: a Dictionary of Contemporaries.
Eleventh edition. Revised by Thompson Cooper. London, 1884.
Sm. 8vo. A volume of 1168 pages should contain a fair
representation of the men of the day, and yet it is
ludicrously incomplete. The literary side is as much
overdone as the scientific side is neglected. This is not
the place to make a list of shortcomings, but it will
probably astonish most of our readers to learn that such
eminent Men of the Time as Sir Frederick Abel, Sir Frederick
Bramwell, and the late Dr. W.B. Carpenter are not mentioned.
As this book has as a high reputation, the editor should
thoroughly revise it for a new edition.

---- Men of the Reign. A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent
Characters of both Sexes, who have died during the reign of
Queen Victoria. Edited by T. Humphry Ward. (Uniform with
"Men of the Time.") London, 1885.

_Biography._--Dictionnaire Universel des Contemporains....
Par G. Vapereau. Cinquième edition. Paris, 1880. 8vo.

---- Supplément. Oct. 1881.

---- Biographie Nationale des Contemporains, redigée par une
Société de Gens de Lettres sous la direction de M. Ernest
Glaeser. Paris, 1878. Royal 8vo.

---- Dictionnaire Général de Biographie Contemporaine
Française et Etrangère. Par Ad. Bitard. Paris, 1878. 8vo.

---- To this list of Contemporary Biography may be added the
Indexes of Obituary Notices published by the Index Society.

(_Bishops._)--Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, or a Calendar of the
principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales,
and of the chief officers in the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, from the earliest time to the year 1715. Compiled
by John Le Neve. Corrected and continued from 1715 to the
present time by T. Duffus Hardy. Oxford, 1854. 3 vols. 8vo.

---- Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ. The Succession of the
Prelates and Members of Cathedral Bodies in Ireland. By
Henry Cotton, D.C.L. Dublin, 1847-60. 5 vols. 8vo.

(_Lawyers._)--Lives of the Chief Justices of England. By
John Lord Campbell. Second edition. London, 1858. 3 vols.
8vo.

---- Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great
Seal of England. By John Lord Campbell. Fourth edition.
London, 1856. 10 vols. Sm. 8vo.

(_Scientific Men._)--Poggendorff (J.C.).
Biographisch-Literarisches Handwörterbuch zur Geschichte der
exacten Wissenschaften, enthaltend Nachweisungen über
Lebensverhältnisse und Leistungen von Mathematikern,
Astronomen, Physikern, Chemikern, Mineralogen, Geologen
u.s.w. aller Völker und Zeiten. Leipzig, 1863. Roy. 8vo.

* * * * *

(_Cambridge._)--Athenæ Cantabrigienses. By Charles Henry
Cooper, F.S.A., and Thompson Cooper. Cambridge, 1858-61.
Vol. I. 1500-1585. Vol. II. 1586-1609. 8vo.

---- Graduati Cantabrigienses, 1760-1856. Cura Josephi
Romilly, A.M. Cantabrigiæ, 1856.

---- Graduati Cantabrigienses, 1800-1884. Cura Henrici
Richardo Luard, S.T.P. Cantabrigiæ, 1884.

(_Oxford._)--Athenæ and Fasti Oxonienses. By Ant. à Wood.
New edition, with Notes, Additions, and Continuation by the
Rev. Dr. P. Bliss. 4 vols. 4to. 1813-20.

---- Catalogue of all Graduates in the University of Oxford,
1659-1850. Oxford, 1851. 8vo.

(_Dublin._)--A Catalogue of Graduates who have proceeded to
degrees in the University of Dublin from the earliest
recorded Commencements to July, 1866, with Supplement to
December 16, 1868. Dublin, 1869. 8vo. Vol. II. 1868-1883.
Dublin, 1884. 8vo.

(_Eton._)--Alumni Etonenses, or a Catalogue of the Provosts
and Fellows of Eton College and King's College, Cambridge,
from the Foundation in 1443 to the Year 1797. By Thomas
Harwood. Birmingham, 1797. 4to.

(_Westminster._)--The List of the Queen's Scholars of St.
Peter's College, Westminster, admitted on that Foundation
since 1663, and of such as have been thence elected to
Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge, from
the Foundation by Queen Elizabeth, 1561, to the present
time. Collected by Joseph Welch. A new edition ... by an old
King's Scholar. London, 1852. Roy. 8vo.

* * * * *

_Botany._--An Encyclopædia of Trees and Shrubs; being the
Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum abridged.... By J.C.
Loudon. London, 1842. 8vo.

---- Loudon's Encyclopædia of Plants ... New edition
corrected to the present time. Edited by Mrs. Loudon.
London, 1855. 8vo.

---- The Vegetable Kingdom; or the structure, classification
and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system. By
John Lindley, Ph.D., F.R.S. Third edition. London, 1853.
8vo.

---- International Dictionary of Plants in Latin, German,
English and French, for Botanists, and especially
Horticulturists, Agriculturists, Students of Forestry and
Pharmaceutists, by Dr. William Ulrich. Leipzig, 1872. 8vo.

_Botany._--Topographical Botany: being Local and Personal
Records towards shewing the distribution of British Plants
traced through 112 counties and vice-counties of England,
Wales and Scotland. By Hewett Cottrell Watson. Second
edition, corrected and enlarged. London, 1883. 8vo.

The need of an authoritative list of Botanical names must be
frequently felt by a large number of writers, those who have
but little knowledge of the science even more than Botanists
themselves. The following work will be found useful for this
purpose, but there is reason to hope that a much larger and
more exhaustive list will shortly be published, as Mr.
Daydon Jackson, Secretary of the Linnean Society, is, we
believe, now engaged upon such a work. "Nomenclator
Botanicus seu Synonymia Plantarum Universalis.... Autore
Ernesto Theoph. Steudel; editio secunda, Stuttgartiæ et
Tubingæ, 1841." Royal 8vo.

_Cards._--Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History
of Playing Cards. By William Andrew Chatto. London, 1848.
8vo.

---- A Descriptive Catalogue of Playing and other Cards in
the British Museum, accompanied by a Concise General History
of the Subject, and Remarks on Cards of Divination and of a
Politico-Historical Character. By William Hughes Willshire,
M.D. Printed by order of the Trustees, 1876. Royal 8vo.

_Chemistry._--A Dictionary of Chemistry and the allied
Branches of other Sciences, founded on that of the late Dr.
Ure. By Henry Watts. 1863-68. 5 vols. 8vo. Supplement, 1872.
Second Supplement, 1879. Third Supplement, 1879-81. 2 vols.

---- Handbook of Modern Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic,
for the use of Students. By Charles Meymott Tidy, M.B.,
F.C.S. London, 1878. 8vo.

---- Handbook of Chemistry. By L. Gmelin. Trans. by H.
Watts. London, 1848-67. 17 vols. 8vo.

---- Industrial Chemistry, based upon the German edition of
Payen's "Précis de Chimie Industrielle," edited by B.H.
Paul. London, 1878.

---- A Treatise on Chemistry. By [Sir] H.E. Roscoe and C.
Schorlemmer. London. 8vo.

_Coins._--A Numismatic Manual. By John Yonge Akerman, F.S.A.
London, 1840. 8vo.

---- The Silver Coins of England arranged and described by
E. Hawkins. London, 1841. 8vo.

---- The Gold Coins of England arranged and described, being
a sequel to Mr. Hawkins's Silver Coins of England, by his
grandson, Robert Lloyd Kenyon. London, 1880. 8vo.

_Commerce._--A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and
Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. By the
late J.R. McCulloch. Latest edition by A.J. Wilson. London,
1882. 8vo.

---- History of British Commerce, 1763-1870. By Leone Levi.
London, 1872. 8vo.

_Concordances._

_Aristophanes._--A Complete Concordance to the Comedies and
Fragments of Aristophanes. By Henry Dunbar, M.D. Oxford,
1883. 4to.

_Bible._--A complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures of
the Old and New Testaments. By Alexander Cruden, M.A.
London, 1737. 4to. Second edition 1761, third edition 1769;
this is the last corrected by the author. Most of the
Concordances published since are founded upon Cruden.

---- An Analytical Concordance to the Holy Scriptures, or
the Bible presented under distinct and classified heads of
topics. Edited by John Eadie, D.D., LL.D. London and
Glasgow, 1856. 8vo.

_Homer._--A Complete Concordance to the Iliad of Homer. By
Guy Lushington Prendergast. London, 1875. 4to.

---- A Complete Concordance to the Odyssey and Hymns of
Homer, to which is added a Concordance to the parallel
passages in the Iliad, Odyssey and Hymns. By Henry Dunbar,
M.D. Oxford, 1880. 4to.

_Milton._--A Complete Concordance to the Poetical Works of
Milton. By Guy Lushington Prendergast, Madras Civil Service.
Madras, 1857. 4to. Originally published in 12 parts.

---- A Complete Concordance to the Poetical Works of John
Milton. By Charles Dexter Cleveland, LL.D. London, 1867. Sm.
8vo.

The Rev. H.J. Todd compiled a verbal Index to the whole of
Milton's Poetry, which was appended to the second edition of
his life of the Poet (1809).

_Pope._--A Concordance to the Works of Alexander Pope. By
Edwin Abbott, with an Introduction by Edwin A. Abbott, D.D.
London, 1875. Royal 8vo.

_Shakespeare._--The Complete Concordance to Shakspere: being
a verbal Index to all the passages in the dramatic works of
the Poet. By Mrs. Cowden Clarke. London, 1845. Royal 8vo.

---- Shakespeare-Lexicon: a Complete Dictionary of all the
English words, phrases and constructions in the works of the
poet. By Dr. Alexander Schmidt. (Berlin and London), 1874. 2
vols. royal 8vo.

---- A Concordance to Shakespeare's Poems: an Index to every
word therein contained. By Mrs. Horace Howard Furness.
Philadelphia, 1874.

---- A Handbook Index to the Works of Shakespeare, including
references to the phrases, manners, customs, proverbs,
songs, particles, etc., which are used or alluded to by the
great Dramatist. By J.O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. London,
1866. 8vo. Only fifty copies printed.

_Tennyson._--A Concordance of the entire works of Alfred
Tennyson, P.L., D.C.L., F.R.S. By D. Barron Brightwell.
London, 1869. 8vo.

_Tennyson._--Concordance to the works of Alfred Tennyson,
Poet Laureate. London, 1870. "The Holy Grail," etc., is
indexed separately.

---- An Index to "In Memoriam." London, 1862.

* * * * *

_Costume._--A Cyclopædia of Costume or Dictionary of Dress,
including Notices of Contemporaneous Fashions on the
Continent.... By James Robinson Planché, Somerset Herald.
London, 1876-79. 2 vols. 4to. Vol. I. Dictionary. Vol. II.
General History of Costume in Europe.

_Councils._--Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents relating
to Great Britain and Ireland. Edited after Spelman and
Wilkins, by Arthur West Haddan, B.D., and William Stubbs,
M.A. Oxford, 1869. Vol. II. Part I. 1873. Vol. III. 1871.
8vo.

---- England's Sacred Synods. A Constitutional History of
the Convocations of the Clergy from the earliest Records of
Christianity in Britain to the date of the promulgation of
the present Book of Common Prayer, including a List of all
Councils, Ecclesiastical as well as Civil, held in England
in which the Clergy have been concerned. By James Wayland
Joyce, M.A. London, 1855. 8vo.

_Dates._--See _History_.

_Dictionaries._

(_English._)--One of the most useful English Dictionaries is
the "Imperial Dictionary" by Ogilvie, which has been edited
with great care by Charles Annandale.[16] The vocabulary is
very full, the etymology is trustworthy, and the definitions
are clear and satisfactory. The engravings which are
interspersed with the text are excellent, and greatly add to
the utility of the Dictionary.

For years preparations have been made for a Standard English
Dictionary, and at last the work has been commenced under
the able editorship of Dr. James A.H. Murray. In 1857, on
the suggestion of Archbishop Trench, the Philological
Society undertook the preparation of a Dictionary, "which by
the completeness of its vocabulary, and by the application
of the historical method to the life and use of words, might
be worthy of the English language and of English
scholarship." The late Mr. Herbert Coleridge and Dr.
Furnivall undertook the editorship, and a large number of
volunteers came forward to read books and extract
quotations. Mr. Coleridge died in the midst of his work, and
upon Dr. Furnivall devolved the entire editorship in
addition to his other onerous duties as Secretary of the
Philological Society. He projected the admirable system of
sub-editing, which proved so successful. As the work
proceeded several of the most energetic and most competent
workers undertook to sub-edit the materials already
collected, each one taking a separate letter of the
alphabet. Some two million quotations were amassed, but
still the man was wanting who would devote his life to
forming the Dictionary from these materials. In course of
time Dr. Murray came forward, and in 1878 he prepared some
specimens for submission to the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press, who agreed to publish the Dictionary. The first part
was published in 1884, and the second in 1885.[17] It is
hoped that in future it will be possible to issue a part
every six months. At present the alphabet is carried down to
Batten. This is one of the most magnificent pieces of work
that has ever been produced in any country, and it is an
honour to every one concerned. To the Philological Society
who conceived it, to Dr. Murray and his staff who have
devoted so much labour and intellect to its production, and
to the Clarendon Press who have published it to the world.
It is, moreover, an honour to the country which now
possesses a well-grounded hope of having, at no distant day,
the finest Historical Dictionary ever produced.

In this connection the _Encyclopædic Dictionary_, now in
course of publication by Messrs. Cassell, should be
mentioned as a valuable work.

Up to a few years ago it was impossible to obtain any
satisfactory etymological information on English words from
our Dictionaries. Mr. Hensleigh Wedgwood partly removed this
reproach by the publication of his very valuable "Dictionary
of English Etymology" in 1859,[18] but in this work Mr.
Wedgwood only dealt with a portion of the vocabulary.

Professor Skeat commenced the publication of his
indispensable "Etymological Dictionary of the English
Language" (Clarendon Press) in 1879, and in 1884 he produced
a second edition. In 1882 Professor Skeat published "A
Concise Etymological Dictionary," which is something more
than an abridgment, and a book which should find a place in
all libraries of reference.

A Glossarial Index to the Printed English Literature of the
Thirteenth Century. By H. Coleridge. London, 1859. 8vo. This
was one of the earliest publications which grew out of the
preparations for the great Philological Society's
Dictionary. Stratmann's Dictionary of the Old English
Language (third edition, Krefeld, 1878) is an indispensable
work. A new edition, prepared by Mr. H. Bradley, is about to
be issued by the Clarendon Press.

Of single volume Dictionaries, Mr. Hyde Clarke's "New and
Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language as spoken
and written" in Weale's Educational Series (price 3_s._
6_d._) is one of the most valuable. I have time after time
found words there which I have searched for in vain in more
important looking Dictionaries. Mr. Clarke claims that he
was the first to raise the number of words registered in an
English Dictionary to 100,000.

The Rev. James Stormonth's "Dictionary of the English
Language, Pronouncing, Etymological, and Explanatory," is a
work of great value. It is so well arranged and printed that
it becomes a pleasure to consult it.

Those who are interested in Dialects will require all the
special Dictionaries which have been published, and these
may be found in the Bibliography now being compiled by the
English Dialect Society, but those who do not make this a
special study will be contented with "A Dictionary of
Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs,
and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century, by J.O.
Halliwell" (fifth edition, London, 1865, 2 vols. 8vo.),
which is well-nigh indispensable to all. Nares's Glossary
(1822-46, new edition, by J.O. Halliwell and T. Wright, 2
vols. 8vo. 1859) is also required by those who make a study
of Old English Literature.

The following is a short indication of some of the most
useful working Dictionaries:

_Arabic._--Lane.

_Greek._--Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, both in
4to. and in abridged form in square 12mo.

_Latin._--The Clarendon Press publish a Latin Dictionary
founded on Andrews's edition of Freund, and edited by C.T.
Lewis and C. Short, which is of great value. Smith's
Dictionary, both the large edition and the smaller one, and
that of Riddle are good.

_French._--The Dictionaries of Fleming and Tibbins, and
Spiers, keep up their character, but for idioms the
International French and English Dictionary of Hamilton and
Legros is the best. For smaller Dictionaries Cassell's is
both cheap and good. Bellows's Pocket Dictionary has
obtained considerable fame, but those who use it need a good
eyesight on account of the smallness of the type. It is,
however, beautifully printed. The Standard French
Dictionaries of that language alone are the noble work of
Littré and the excellent Dictionary of Poitevin (2 vols.
4to.). For early French Godefroy's elaborate work, which is
now in progress, must be consulted.

_German._--Fluegel's German and English Dictionary still
holds its own, but Koehler's Dictionary is also excellent.
Hilpert's and Lucas's Dictionaries, both good ones, are now
out of print. Of Standard German Dictionaries Grimm's great
work is still in progress. Sanders's Dictionary is also of
great value.

_Danish and Norwegian._--The Dictionary by Ferrall, Repp,
Rosing and Larsen is good.

_Dutch._--Calisch (2 vols. 8vo. 1875).

_Hebrew._--Fuerst, Gesenius.

_Icelandic._--Vigfusson.

_Italian._--Baretti's Dictionary still keeps up its
character, but Millhouse's work is also good.

_Portuguese._--Vieyra.

_Russian._--Alexandrow.

_Sanscrit._--Monier Williams. Boehtlingk and Roth.

_Pâli._--Childers.

_Spanish._--Neumann and Baretti, and also Velasquez.

_Swedish._--Oman.

* * * * *

_Drama._--Biographia Dramatica; or a Companion to the
Playhouse ... originally compiled in the year 1764 by David
Erskine Baker, continued thence to 1782 by Isaac Reed, and
brought down to the end of November, 1811 ... by Stephen
Jones. London, 1812. 3 vols. 8vo.

---- A Dictionary of Old English Plays existing either in
print or in manuscript, from the earliest times to the close
of the seventeenth century; by James O. Halliwell, Esq.,
F.R.S. London, 1860. 8vo.

_Drugs._--Pharmacographia: a History of the Principal Drugs
of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British
India. By Friedrich A. Flückiger, Ph.D., and Daniel Hanbury,
F.R.S. Second edition. London, 1879. 8vo.

_Ecclesiology._--Dictionary of Doctrinal and Historical
Theology. Edited by the Rev. J.H. Blunt, M.A. Second
edition. London, 1872. Imp. 8vo.

---- Dictionary of Christian Antiquities. By William Smith,
LL.D., and Professor S. Cheatham. London, 1876-80. 2 vols.
royal 8vo.

---- Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties,
and Schools of Religious Thought. Edited by the Rev. John
Henry Blunt, M.A. London, 1874. Imp. 8vo.

---- Glossary of Ecclesiastical Ornament and Costume,
compiled from Ancient Authorities and Examples. By A. Welby
Pugin, Architect.... Enlarged and revised by the Rev.
Bernard Smith, M.A. Third edition. London, 1868. 4to.

---- A Glossary of Liturgical and Ecclesiastical Terms.
Compiled and arranged by the Rev. Frederick George Lee,
D.C.L. London, 1877. Sq. 8vo.

---- See _Ritual_.

_Encyclopædias._--The Encyclopædia Britannica, or a
Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. Ninth
edition. Edinburgh, 1875. 4to. Now in course of publication.

---- Encyclopædia Metropolitana, or Universal Dictionary of
Knowledge.... London, 1815-41. 26 vols. 4to.

---- Chambers's Encyclopædia. 10 vols. royal 8vo.

---- Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art. By W.T.
Brande. 1842. New edition, edited by the Rev. J.W. Cox.
London, 1866-67. 3 vols. 8vo.

_Encyclopædias._--Rees's Cyclopædia (39 vols., plates 6
vols. 1820, 4to.) can be bought excessively cheap, and is
well worth a place in a library where room can be found for
it, as many of its articles have never been superseded.

---- Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIX^e Siècle Français,
Historique, Géographique, Mythologique, Bibliographique,
Littéraire, Artistique, Scientifique, etc.... Par Pierre
Larousse. Paris, 1866-76. 15 vols. 4to. Supplément, tome 16,
1878.

---- Dictionnaire Universel des Sciences, des Lettres et des
Arts ... redigé avec la collaboration d'Auteurs spéciaux par
M.N. Bouillet ... douzième édition. Paris, 1877. 8vo.

_Geography._--A General Dictionary of Geography,
descriptive, physical, statistical, historical, forming a
complete Gazetteer of the World. By A. Keith Johnston. New
edition. London, 1877. 8vo.

---- The Library Cyclopædia of Geography, descriptive,
physical, political and historical, forming a New Gazetteer
of the World. By James Bryce, M.A. and Keith Johnston.
London, 1880. Royal 8vo.

---- Index Geographicus, being a List alphabetically
arranged of the principal places on the Globe, with the
countries and sub-divisions of the countries in which they
are situated and their latitudes and longitudes. Compiled
specially with reference to Keith Johnston's Royal Atlas,
but applicable to all modern atlases and maps, Edinburgh,
1864. Roy. 8vo.

_Geography._--Etymologisch-Geographisches Lexikon.
Separat-Ausgabe des lexikalischen Theils der Nomina
Geographica von Dr. J.J. Egli. Leipzig, 1880. Royal 8vo.

---- Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by various
writers, edited by Dr. W. Smith. London, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.

(_Scotland._)--Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland. A Survey of
Scottish Topography, statistical, biographical and
historical. Edited by Francis H. Groome. Edinburgh, 1884.
Vol. 1, roy. 8vo.

(_France._)--Santini. Dictionnaire Général ... des Communes
de France et des Colonies. Paris. 8vo.

---- Dictionnaire des Postes de la République Française. 6^e
édition. Rennes, 1881. Roy. 8vo.

(_Italy._)--Il Libro dé Comuni del Regno d'Italia. Compilato
sopra elementi officiali da Achille Moltedo. Napoli, 1873.
Roy. 8vo.

(_United States._)--The National Gazetteer, a Geographical
Dictionary of the United States.... By L. de Colange, LL.D.
London, 1884. Roy. 8vo.

(_India._)--Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern
Asia, Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific.... Edited by
Edward Balfour.... Second edition. Madras, 1871-73. 5 vols.
Roy. 8vo. Third edition. London, 1885. 3 vols. The first
edition was published in 1858, and two Supplements in 1862.

_Geology._--A Catalogue of British Fossils: comprising the
Genera and Species hitherto described, with references to
their geological distribution.... By John Morris, F.G.S.
Second edition. London, 1854. 8vo.

_Geology._--Principles of Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell.
10th edition. London, 1867-8. 2 vols. 8vo.

---- Manual of Elementary Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell.
London, 1865. 8vo.

_History._--Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables from
the Creation to the present times.... [Edited by Sir Henry
Ellis.] Imp. 8vo. London, 1844.

---- Atlas Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie contenant
1^e la Chronologie.... 2^e la Généologie.... 3^e la
Géographie.... Par M.N. Bouillet. Deuxième édition. Paris,
1872. 8vo.

---- Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie
contenant 1^e l'Histoire proprement dite.... 2^e la
Biographie Universelle.... 3^e la Mythologie.... 4^e la
Géographie ancienne et moderne. Par M.N. Bouillet ...
ouvrage revu et continué par A Chassang. Nouvelle édition
(vingt-cinquième), avec un Supplement. Paris, 1876. 8vo.

---- The Map of Europe by Treaty, showing the various
political and territorial changes which have taken place
since the General Peace of 1814, with numerous maps and
notes. By Edward Hertslet, C.B. London, 1875. Vol. 1,
1814-1827; vol. 2, 1828-1863; vol. 3, 1864-1875.--This work
shows the changes which have taken place in the Map of
Europe by Treaty or other International arrangements. It
contains a List of Treaties, etc., between Great Britain and
Foreign Powers for the maintenance of the Peace of Europe
and for the Settlement of European Questions, 1814-75.

_History._--Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million des
renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques.
Par Edouard Oettinger. Dresde, 1866-68. 6 thin vols. 4to.
Tomes 7, 8, 9, Supplément commencé par E.M. Oettinger
considérablement augmenté ... par Dr. Hugo Schramm. Leipzig,
1873-1882.

---- Haydn's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information
relating to all Ages. 16th edition, by Benjamin Vincent.
London.

---- The Manual of Dates. A Dictionary of Reference of the
most important facts and events in the History of the World.
By George H. Townsend. Fifth edition entirely remodelled and
edited by Frederick Martin. London, 1877. 8vo.

---- Encyclopædia of Chronology, Historical and
Biographical. By B.B. Woodward, B.A., and William L.R.
Gates. London, 1872. 8vo.

---- The Dictionary of Chronology, or Historical and
Statistical Register. Compiled and edited by William Henry
Overall, F.S.A. London, 1870. 8vo.

---- The Anniversary Calendar, Natal Book, and Universal
Mirror; embracing anniversaries of persons, events,
institutions, and festivals, of all denominations,
historical, sacred and domestic, in every period and state
of the world. London, 1832. 2 vols. 8vo.

_History._--An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology
of Rome and Constantinople, from the death of Augustus to
the death of Heraclius. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Edited
by the Rev. C.J. Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1853. 8vo.

---- Fasti Romani: the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome
and Constantinople, from the death of Augustus to the death
of Justin II. [to the death of Heraclius]. By Henry Fynes
Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1845-50. 2 vols. 4to.

---- Fasti Hellenici: the Civil and Literary Chronology of
Greece, from the earliest accounts to the death of Augustus.
By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1834-51. 3 vols. 4to.

---- Descriptive Catalogue of Materials relating to the
History of Great Britain and Ireland to the end of the reign
of Henry VII. By Thomas Duffus Hardy. London, 1862-71. Vol.
I. From the Roman Period to the Norman Invasion. Vol. II.
A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1200. Vol. III. A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1327.

---- The Dictionary of English History. Edited by Sidney J.
Low, B.A., and F.S. Pulling, M.A. London, 1884. 8vo.

---- Introduction to the Study of English History. By Samuel
R. Gardiner, Hon. LL.D., and J. Bass Mullinger, M.A.
London, 1881. 8vo. The Second part by Mr. Mullinger is
devoted to Authorities, and is a model of what such a work
should be.

_History._--Handy-Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying
Dates with the Christian Era ... with Regnal years of
English Sovereigns from the Norman Conquest to the present
time, A.D. 1066 to 1874. By John J. Bond. London, 1875. Sm.
8vo.

---- The Annals of England: an Epitome of English History,
from contemporary writers, the Rolls of Parliament and other
Public Records. Library Edition. Oxford and London, 1876.
8vo. Contains some valuable information as to the sources of
history in the Appendix.

---- The Representative History of Great Britain and
Ireland, being a History of the House of Commons and of the
Counties, Cities, and Boroughs of the United Kingdom from
the earliest period. By T.H.B. Oldfield. London, 1816. 6
vols. 8vo.

---- An Index to "The Times," and to the topics and events
of the year 1862. [By J. Giddings.] London, 1863. 8vo.

---- An Index to "The Times," and to the topics and events
of the year 1863. By J. Giddings. London, 1864. 8vo.

---- Index to "The Times" Newspaper, 1864, to September,
1885. London. 410.

---- Annals of our Time, from the accession of Queen
Victoria, 1837, to the Peace of Versailles, 1871. By J.
Irving. London, 1871. 8vo. Supplement (Feb. 1871-July,
1878). London, 1879. 8vo.

(_France._)--Dictionnaire Historique de la France.... Par
Ludovic Lalanne. Paris, 1872. 8vo.

* * * * *

_Insurance._--The Insurance Cyclopædia, being a Dictionary
of the definition of terms used in connexion with the theory
and practice of Insurance in all its branches; a
Biographical Summary ... a Bibliographical Reportery.... By
Cornelius Walford. London, vol. 1, 1871, to vol. 6. Royal
8vo.

_Language._--See _Dictionaries_, _Philology_.

_Law._--The Law-Dictionary, explaining the rise, progress,
and present state of the British Law.... By Sir Thomas
Edlyne Tomlins; fourth edition by Thomas Colpitts Granger.
London, 1835. 2 vols. 4to.

---- Wharton's Law-Lexicon, forming an Epitome of the Law of
England ... seventh edition by J.M. Lely, M.A. London, 1863.
Royal 8vo.

---- A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and Laws
of the United States of America and of the several States of
the American Union.... By John Bouvier. Fourteenth edition.
Philadelphia, 1870.

---- The Lawyer's Reference Manual of Law Books and
Citations. By Charles C. Soule. Boston, 1883. 8vo.

---- Ancient Law; its connection with the early history of
Society, and its relation to modern ideas. By H.S. Maine.
London, 1861. 8vo.

_Law._--Lectures in Jurisprudence. By John Austin. Third
edition, revised and edited by R. Campbell. London, 1869. 3
vols. 8vo.

---- Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer. By R. Burn.
The 30th edition was published in 1869. The 13th edition of
Archbold's Justice of the Peace appeared in 1878.

---- Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England.
Student's edition.

_Literature._

(_English._)--Cyclopædia of English Literature. Edited by
Robert Chambers. Edinburgh, 1843. New edition by Robert
Carruthers. Edinburgh. 2 vols. Royal 8vo.

---- Dictionary of English Literature, being a Comprehensive
Guide to English Authors and their Works. By Davenport
Adams. London, n.d. Sq. 8vo.

---- Professor Henry Morley's _English Writers_, his _Tables
of English Literature_, and his volumes of Selections,
entitled _Library of English Literature_, will be found of
great value.

(_American._)--Cyclopædia of American Literature: embracing
personal and critical Notices of Authors, and selections
from their writings.... By Evert A. Duyckinck and George L.
Duyckinck. Edited to date by M. Laird Simons. Philadelphia,
1877. 2 vols. Imp. 8vo.

---- The Poets and Poetry of Europe, with Introductions and
Biographical Notices, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. London,
1855. Roy. 8vo.

(_Polish._)--Bentkowskiego (F.). Historya Literatury
Polskiey. Warszawie, 1814. 2 vols. 8vo.

(_Russian._)--Otto (Friedrich). History of Russian
Literature, with a Lexicon of Russian Authors. Translated
from the German by George Cox. Oxford, 1839. 8vo.

(_Spanish._)--Ticknor (George). History of Spanish
Literature. New York, 1849. 3 vols. 8vo.

(_Classical._)--A History of Latin Literature from Ennius to
Boethius. By George Augustus Simcox, M.A. London, 1883. 2
vols. 8vo.

---- A History of Roman Classical Literature. By R.W.
Browne, M.A. London, 1884. 8vo.

---- A History of Roman Literature. By W.S. Teuffel,
translated by Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. London, 1873. 2 vols.
8vo.

---- Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature. Edited after
Dr. E. Hübner, with large additions by the Rev. John E.B.
Mayor. London, 1875. 12mo.

---- Guide to the Choice of Classical Books. By Joseph B.
Mayor. Third edition, with Supplementary List. London, 1885.

* * * * *

_Manuscripts._--Guide to the Historian, the Biographer, the
Antiquary, the man of literary curiosity, and the collector
of autographs, towards the verification of Manuscripts, by
reference to engraved facsimiles of handwriting. [By Dawson
Turner.] Yarmouth, 1848. Roy. 8vo. A most valuable
alphabetical Index of the names of celebrated men, with
references to the books where specimens of their writing can
be found.

_Mathematics._--Dictionnaire des Mathématiques appliqués....
Par H. Sonnet. Paris, 1867. Roy. 8vo.

_Mechanics._--Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary.... By
Edward H. Knight. London and New York, 1874-77. 3 vols.
royal 8vo.

---- Cyclopædia of Useful Arts, Mechanical and Chemical,
Manufactures, Mining and Engineering. Edited by Charles
Tomlinson. London, 1866. 3 vols. roy. 8vo.

_Medical._--The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology. Edited
by Robert B. Todd, M.D., F.R.S. London, 1835-59. 5 vols, in
6, royal 8vo.

---- A Dictionary of Practical Medicine.... By James
Copland. London, 1858. 3 vols. 8vo.

---- An Expository Lexicon of the terms, ancient and modern,
in Medical and General Science; including a complete
Medico-Legal Vocabulary.... By R.G. Mayne, M.D. London,
1860. 8vo.

---- Cooper's Dictionary of Practical Surgery and
Encyclopædia of Surgical Science. New edition brought down
to the present time by Samuel A. Lane. London, 1872. 2 vols,
royal 8vo.

---- Medical Lexicon: a Dictionary of Medical Science ...
by Robley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D. A new edition enlarged and
thoroughly revised by Richard J. Dunglison, M.D.
Philadelphia, 1874. Roy. 8vo.

_Monograms._--Dictionnaire des Monogrammes, marques
figurées, lettres initiales, noms abrégés, etc., avec
lesquels les Peintres, Dessinateurs, Graveurs et Sculpteurs
ont designé leurs noms. Par François Brulliot. Nouvelle
édition. Munich, 1832-34. 3 parts. Imp. 8vo.

_Music._--General History of the Science and Practice of
Music. By Sir John Hawkins. London, 1776. 5 vols. 4to.

---- History of Music from the earliest ages to the present
period. By Charles Burney. London, 1776-89. 4 vols. 4to.

---- Biographie Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie
générale de la musique. Par F.J. Fétis. Deuxième édition.
Paris, 1860-65. 8 vols. roy. 8vo.

---- Supplément et Complément, publiés sous la direction de
M. Arthur Pougin. Paris, 1878-80. 2 vols. roy. 8vo.

---- Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Edited by [Sir] G.
Grove. London, 1878. 8vo. In progress.

_Mythology._--Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and
Mythology, edited by Dr. W. Smith. 1845-48. 3 vols. 8vo.

_Natural History._--Dictionary of Natural History Terms,
with their derivations, including the various orders,
genera, and species. By David H. McNicoll, M.D. London,
1863. Sm. 8vo.

_Natural History._--See _Botany_, _Zoology_.

_Painters._--A General Dictionary of Painters.... By Matthew
Pilkington, A.M. A new edition, corrected and revised by R.
A. Davenport. London, 1852. 8vo.

---- A Catalague Raisonné of the Works of the most eminent
Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters, ... to which is added a
Brief Notice of the Scholars and Imitators of the Great
Masters of the above schools. By John Smith. London,
1829-42. 9 parts. Roy. 8vo.

---- The Picture Collector's Manual, adapted to the
Professional Man and the Amateur; being a Dictionary of
Painters ... together with an alphabetical arrangement of
the Scholars, Imitators, and Copyists of the various
masters, and a Classification of Subjects. By James R.
Hobbes. London, 1849. 2 vols. 8vo.

_Peerage._--Courthope's "Historical Peerage," founded on Sir
Nicholas Harris Nicolas's "Synopsis of the Peerage," is an
indispensable work, but it only refers to English Titles.
Mr. Solly's "Index of Hereditary Titles of Honour" contains
the Peerage and Baronetage of England, Scotland, and
Ireland.

---- The Official Baronage of England, 1066 to 1885, by
James E. Doyle (vols. 1-3. 4to.), has just appeared.

_Peerage._--Of the current peerages, Burke's, Dod's,
Debrett's, and Foster's, all have their points of merit.

_Periodicals._--Catalogue of Scientific Serials of all
countries, including the Transactions of Learned Societies
in the Natural, Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
1633-1876. By Samuel H. Scudder. Library of Harvard
University, 1879. 8vo.--In this valuable list of
periodicals, which is arranged geographically according to
countries with an alphabet under each country, transactions
and journals are joined together in the same arrangement. At
the end there are an Index of Towns, an Index of Titles, and
an Index of Minor Subjects.

---- An Index to Periodical Literature. By Wm. Fred. Poole.
New York. Roy. 8vo. 1st ed. 1843; 2nd ed. 1848; 3rd ed.
1882.

---- Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1800-1863). Compiled
and published by the Royal Society of London. London,
1867-72. 6 vols. 4to. (1864-73.) Vol. 7, 1877; Vol. 8,
1879.--Vol. 1, A-Clu; Vol. 2, Coa-Gra; Vol. 3, Gre-Lez; Vol.
4, Lhe-Poz; Vol. 5, Pra-Tiz; Vol. 6, Tka-Zyl; Vol. 7, A-Hyr;
Vol. 8, I-Zwi.

---- The celebrated Dr. Thomas Young published in the second
volume of his _Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and
the Mechanical Arts_ (1807) a most valuable Catalogue of
books and papers relating to the subject of his Lectures,
which is classified minutely, and occupies 514 quarto pages
in double columns. In Kelland's new edition (1845) the
references are abridged and inserted after the several
lectures to which they refer.

_Philology._--Max Müller's "Lectures on the Science of
Language"; Marsh's "Lectures" and "Origin and History of the
English Language"; Abp. Trench's "English. Past and
Present"; "Select Glossary."

_Physics._--Elementary Treatise on Natural Philosophy. By A.
P. Deschanel. 8vo.

---- Elementary Treatise on Physics. By A. Ganot, edited by
E. Atkinson. Sm. 8vo.

_Plate._--Old English Plate, ecclesiastical, decorative, and
domestic, its makers and marks. By Wilfred Joseph Cripps,
M.A., F.S.A. Second edition. London, 1881. 8vo.

_Plays._--See _Drama_.

_Pottery._--Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain of
the Renaissance and Modern periods, with historical notices
of each Manufactory.... By William Chaffers. Fourth edition.
London, 1874. Roy. 8vo.

_Prices._--History of Prices from 1793 to 1856. By Thomas
Tooke and William Newmarch. London, 1838-57. 6 vols. 8vo.

_Prints._--An Introduction to the Study and Collection of
Ancient Prints. By William Hughes Willshire, M.D. Edin.
Second edition, revised and enlarged. London, 1877. 2 vols.
8vo.

---- The Print Collector, an Introduction to the Knowledge
necessary for forming a Collection of Ancient Prints. By J.
Maberly, ... Edited with Notes, an Account of Contemporary
Etching and Etchers, and a Bibliography of Engraving. By
Robert Hoe, jun. New York, 1880. Sq. 8vo.

---- Etching and Etchers. By P.G. Hamerton. New edition.
London, 1876. 8vo.

_Printing._--Typographia or the Printers' Instructor:
including an Account of the Origin of Printing.... By J.
Johnson, Printer. London, 1824. 2 vols. 8vo.

---- A Dictionary of the Art of Printing. By William Savage.
London, 1841. 8vo.

_Proverbs._--A Hand-Book of Proverbs, comprising an entire
republication of Ray's Collection of English Proverbs ...
and a complete alphabetical Index ... in which are
introduced large additions collected by Henry G. Bohn, 1857.
London, 1872.

---- A Polyglot of Foreign Proverbs, comprising French,
Italian, German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and Danish,
with English translations and a general Index. By Henry G.
Bohn. London, 1867.

---- English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases collected from
the most authentic sources, alphabetically arranged and
annotated. By W. Carew Hazlitt. London, 1869. 8vo. Second
edition. London, 1882. Sm. 8vo.

_Quotations._--Many Thoughts of Many Minds: being a Treasury
of References, consisting of Selections from the Writings
of the most celebrated Authors. Compiled and analytically
arranged by Henry Southgate. Third edition. London, 1862.
8vo. Second Series. London, 1871. 8vo.

_Quotations._--Noble Thoughts in Noble Language: a
Collection of Wise and Virtuous Utterances in Prose and
Verse, from the writings of the known good and the great
unknown. Edited by Henry Southgate. London. 8vo.

---- Prose Quotations from Socrates to Macaulay, with
Indexes. By S. Austin Allibone. Philadelphia, 1876. Roy.
8vo.

---- Poetical Quotations from Chaucer to Tennyson, with
copious Indexes. By S. Austin Allibone. Philadelphia, 1875.
Roy. 8vo.

---- A Dictionary of Quotations from the English Poets. By
Henry G. Bohn. London, 1867. Sq. 8vo. Second edition.
London. Sm. 8vo.

---- An Index to Familiar Quotations, selected principally
from British Authors, with parallel passages from various
writers, ancient and modern. By J.C. Grocott. Liverpool,
1863. Sm. 8vo.

---- Familiar Quotations: being an attempt to trace to their
source passages and phrases in common use. By John Bartlett.
Author's edition. London, Sm. 8vo.

---- Words, Facts and Phrases, a Dictionary of Curious,
Quaint, and Out-of-the-Way Matters. By Eliezer Edwards.
London, 1882. Sm. 8vo.

_Quotations._--The Reader's Handbook of Allusions,
References, Plots and Stories, with their appendices. By the
Rev. E. Brewer, LL.D.... Third edition. London, 1882. Sm.
8vo.

---- Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.... By the Rev. E.
Cobham Brewer, LL.D. Twelfth edition. London, no date.

---- A Dictionary of Latin and Greek Quotations, Proverbs,
Maxims and Mottos, Classical and Mediæval, including Law
Terms and Phrases. Edited by H.T. Riley, B.A. London, 1880.
Sm. 8vo.

_Receipts._--Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts and
Collateral Information in the Arts, Manufactures,
Professions and Trades ... designed as a comprehensive
Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia.... Sixth edition, revised
and greatly enlarged by Richard V. Tuson. London, 1880. 2
vols. 8vo.

_Records._--Handbook of the Public Record Office. By F.S.
Thomas, Secretary of the Public Record Office. London, 1853.
Roy. 8vo.

---- Index to the Printed Reports of Sir Francis Palgrave,
K.H., the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records, 1840-1861.
London, 1865. By John Edwards and Edward James Tabrum. In
one alphabet.

_Ritual._--Hierurgia; or, Transubstantiation, Invocation of
Saints, Relics and Purgatory, besides those other articles
of Doctrine set forth in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass
expounded; and the use of Holy Water, Incense, and Images
[etc.] Illustrated. By D. Rock, D.D. Second edition. London,
1851. 8vo.

_Ritual._--Hierurgia Anglicana; or, Documents and Extracts
illustrative of the Ritual of the Church in England after
the Reformation. Edited by Members of the Ecclesiological,
late Cambridge Camden Society. London, 1848. 8vo.

_Sports._--An Encyclopædia of Rural Sports, or complete
account (historical, practical, and descriptive) of Hunting,
Shooting, Fishing, Racing, etc., etc. By Delabere P. Blaine.
A new edition. London, 1840. 8vo.

_Taxes._--A Sketch of the History of Taxes in England from
the earliest times to the present day. By Stephen Dowell.
London, 1876. 8vo. Vol. 1 to the Civil War 1642.

_Theology._--See _Ecclesiology_.

_Topography._--A Topographical Dictionary of England.... By
Samuel Lewis. Seventh edition. London, 1849.

---- A Topographical Dictionary of Wales.... By Samuel
Lewis. Fourth edition. London, 1849. 2 vols. 4to.

---- A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland.... By Samuel
Lewis. Second edition. London, 1842. 2 vols. 4to.

---- See _Geography_.

_Wills._--An Index to Wills proved in the Court of the
Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and to such of the
records and other instruments and papers of that Court as
relate to matters or causes testamentary. By the Rev. John
Griffiths, M.A., Keeper of the Archives. Oxford, 1862. Roy.
8vo. In one alphabet, with a chronological list appended.

_Zoology._--Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens Nomina
Systematica Generum Animalium tam viventium quam fossilium,
secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis
auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis,
etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in singulis
classibus. Auctore L. Agassiz.... Soliduri, 1842-46. 4to.

---- Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens Nomina Systematica
generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum
ordinem alphabeticum disposita sub auspicis et sumptibus
C.R. Societatis Zoologico-Botanicæ conscriptus a Comite
Augusto de Marschall [1846-1868]. Vindobonæ, 1873. 8vo.

2. _Country._

A library in a large country house should contain a representative collection of English literature, and also a selection of books of reference from the previous list. Standard Authors, in their best editions, County Histories, Books of Travel, Books on Art, and a representative collection of good novels, will of course find a place upon the shelves. A book such as Stevens's _My English Library_ will be a good guide to the foundation of the library, but each collector will have his special tastes, and he will need guidance from the more particular bibliographies which are ready to his hand, and a note of which will be found in Chapter V. Room will also be found for sets of Magazines, such as the _Gentleman's_, the _Edinburgh_, and the _Quarterly_, and for the Transactions of such Societies as the owner may be member of. The issues of Publishing Societies form quite a library of themselves, and an account of these will be found in Chapter VII.

We have seen on a previous page how Napoleon wished to form a convenient travelling library, in which everything necessary could be presented in a comparatively small number of handy volumes. Few men are like Napoleon in the wish to carry such a library about with them; but where space is scarce there are many who find it necessary to exercise a wise spirit of selection. This, however, each man must do for himself, as tastes differ so widely.

Auguste Comte succeeded in selecting a library in which all that it is necessary for a Positivist to know is included in 150 volumes, but this result is obtained by putting two or more books together to form one volume.

POSITIVIST LIBRARY FOR THE 19TH CENTURY.

150 Volumes.

I. _Poetry._ (Thirty Volumes.)

The Iliad and the Odyssey, in 1 vol. without notes.

Æschylus, the King OEdipus of Sophocles, and Aristophanes,
in 1 vol. without notes.

Pindar and Theocritus, with Daphnis and Chloe, in 1 vol.
without notes.

Plautus and Terence, in 1 vol. without notes.

Virgil complete, Selections from Horace, and Lucan, in 1
vol. without notes.

Ovid, Tibullus, Juvenal, in 1 vol. without notes.

Fabliaux du Moyen Age, recueillies par Legrand D'Aussy.

Dante, Ariosto, Tasso, and Petrarch, in 1 vol. in Italian.

Select Plays of Metastasio and Alfieri, also in Italian.

I Promessi Sposi, by Manzoni, in 1 vol. in Italian.

Don Quixote, and the Exemplary Novels of Cervantes, in
Spanish, in 1 vol.

Select Spanish Dramas, a collection edited by Don José
Segundo Florez, in 1 vol. in Spanish.

The Romancero Espagnol, a selection, with the poem of the
Cid, 1 vol. in Spanish.

Select Plays of P. Corneille.

Molière, complete.

Select Plays of Racine and Voltaire, in 1 vol.

La Fontaine's Fables, with some from Lamotte and Florian.

Gil Blas, by Lesage.

The Princess of Cleves, Paul and Virginia, and the Last of
the Abencerrages, to be collected in 1 vol.

Les Martyres, par Chateaubriand.

Select Plays of Shakespeare.

Paradise Lost and Lyrical Poems of Milton.

Robinson Crusoe and the Vicar of Wakefield, in 1 vol.

Tom Jones, by Fielding, in English, or translated by Chéron.

The seven masterpieces of Walter Scott--Ivanhoe, Waverley,
the Fair Maid of Perth, Quentin Durward, Woodstock (Les
Puritains), the Heart of Midlothian, the Antiquary.

Select Works of Byron, Don Juan in particular to be
suppressed.

Select Works of Goethe.

The Arabian Nights.

II. _Science._ (Thirty Volumes.)

Arithmetic of Condorcet, Algebra, and Geometry of Clairaut,
the Trigonometry of Lacroix or Legendre, to form 1 vol.

Analytical Geometry of Auguste Comte, preceded by the
Geometry of Descartes.

Statics, by Poinsot, with all his Memoirs on Mechanics.

Course of Analysis given by Navier at the Ecole
Polytechnique, preceded by the Reflections on the
Infinitesimal Calculus by Carnot.

Course of Mechanics given by Navier at the Ecole
Polytechnique, followed by the Essay of Carnot on Equilibrum
and Motion.

Theory of Functions, by Lagrange.

Popular Astronomy of Auguste Comte, followed by the
Plurality of Worlds of Fontenelle.

Mechanical Physics of Fischer, translated and annotated by
Biot.

Alphabetical Manual of Practical Philosophy, by John Carr.

The Chemistry of Lavoisier.

Chemical Statics, by Berthollet.

Elements of Chemistry, by James Graham.

Manual of Anatomy, by Meckel.

General Anatomy of Bichat, preceded by his Treatise on Life
and Death.

The first volume of Blainville on the Organization of
Animals.

Physiology of Richerand, with notes by Bérard.

Systematic Essay on Biology, by Segond, and his Treatise on
General Anatomy.

Nouveaux Eléments de la Science de l'Homme, par Barthez (2nd
édition, 1806).

La Philosophie Zoologique, par Lamarck.

Duméril's Natural History.

The Treatise of Guglielmini on the Nature of Rivers (in
Italian).

Discourses on the Nature of Animals, by Buffon.

The Art of Prolonging Human Life, by Hufeland, preceded by
Hippocrates on Air, Water, and Situation, and followed by
Cornaro's book on a Sober and Temperate Life, to form 1 vol.

L'Histoire des Phlegmasies Chroniques, par Broussais,
preceded by his Propositions de Médecine, and the Aphorisms
of Hippocrates (in Latin), without commentary.

Les Eloges des Savans, par Fontenelle et Condorcet.

III. _History._ (Sixty Volumes.)

L'Abrégé de Géographie Universelle, par Malte Brun.

Geographical Dictionary of Rienzi.

Cook's Voyages, and those of Chardin.

History of the French Revolution, by Mignet.

Manual of Modern History, by Heeren.

Le Siècle de Louis XIV., par Voltaire.

Memoirs of Madame de Motteville.

The Political Testament of Richelieu, and the Life of
Cromwell, to form 1 vol.

History of the Civil Wars of France, by Davila (in Italian).

Memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini (in Italian).

Memoirs of Commines.

L'Abrégé de l'Histoire de France, par Bossuet.

The Revolutions of Italy, by Denina.

The History of Spain, by Ascargorta.

History of Charles V., by Robertson.

History of England, by Hume.

Europe in the Middle Ages, by Hallam.

Ecclesiastical History, by Fleury.

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, by Gibbon.

Manual of Ancient History, by Heeren.

Tacitus (Complete), the Translation of Dureau de la Malle.

Herodotus and Thucydides, in 1 vol.

Plutarch's Lives, translation of Dacier.

Cæsar's Commentaries, and Arrian's Alexander, in 1 vol.

Voyage of Anacharsis, by Barthelemy.

History of Art among the Ancients, by Winckelmann.

Treatise on Painting, by Leonardo da Vinci (in Italian).

Memoirs on Music, by Grétry.

IV. _Synthesis._ (Thirty Volumes.)

Aristotle's Politics and Ethics, in 1 vol.

The Bible.

The Koran.

The City of God, by St. Augustine.

The Confessions of St. Augustine, followed by St. Bernard on
the Love of God.

The Imitation of Jesus Christ, the original, and the
translation into verse, by Corneille.

The Catechism of Montpellier, preceded by the Exposition of
Catholic Doctrine, by Bossuet, and followed by St.
Augustine's Commentary on the Sermon on the Mount.

L'Histoire des Variations Protestantes, par Bossuet.

Discourse on Method, by Descartes, preceded by the Novum
Organum of Bacon, and followed by the Interpretation of
Nature, by Diderot.

Selected Thoughts of Cicero, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius,
Pascal, and Vauvenargues, followed by Conseils d'une Mère,
by Madame de Lambert, and Considérations sur les Moeurs, par
Duclos.

Discourse on Universal History, by Bossuet, followed by the
Esquisse Historique, by Condorcet.

Treatise on the Pope, by De Maistre, preceded by the
Politique Sacrée, by Bousset.

Hume's Philosophical Essays, preceded by the two
Dissertations on the Deaf, and the Blind, by Diderot, and
followed by Adam Smith's Essay on the History of Astronomy.

Theory of the Beautiful, by Barthez, preceded by the Essay
on the Beautiful, by Diderot.

Les Rapports du Physique et du Moral de l'Homme, par
Cabanis.

Treatise on the Functions of the Brain, by Gall, preceded by
Letters on Animals, by Georges Leroy.

Le Traité sur l'Irritation et la Folie, par Broussais (first
edition).

The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte (condensed by Miss
Martineau), his Positive Politics, his Positivist Catechism,
and his Subjective Synthesis.

Paris, 3 Dante 66 (Tuesday, 18th July, 1854).
AUGUSTE COMTE,
(10 rue Monsieur le Prince).

This is an interesting list as having been compiled with special thought by a celebrated man, but in many of its details it is little likely to find acceptance with the general reader. It seems rather odd to an Englishman to find the _Princess of Cleves_ included, while Shakespeare is only to be found in a selection of his plays. It is not Comte's fault that science has not stood still since 1854, and that his selection of books is rather out of date.

A list of a hundred good novels is likely to be useful to many, but few lists would be open to more criticism, for readers differ more as to what constitutes a good novel than upon any other branch of literature. The following list was contributed by Mr. F.B. Perkins to the _Library Journal_ (vol. i. p. 166). The titles are very short, and they are put down in no particular order. Most of us will miss some favourite book, but two people, Mr. Perkins says, have agreed on this list within four or five items. He says he was tempted to add a few alternatives, as Amadis de Gaul, Morte d'Arthur, Paul and Virginia, Frankenstein, Rasselas, etc.

Don Quixote.
Gil Blas.
Pilgrim's Progress.
Tale of a Tub.
Gulliver.
Vicar of Wakefield.
Robinson Crusoe.
Arabian Nights.
Decameron.
Wilhelm Meister.
Vathek.
Corinne.
Minister's Wooing.
Undine.
Sintram.
Thisdolf.
Peter Schlemihl.
Sense and Sensibility.
Pride and Prejudice.
Anastasius.
Amber Witch.
Mary Powell.
Household of Sir T. More.
Cruise of the Midge.
Guy Mannering.
Antiquary.
Bride of Lammermoor.
Legend of Montrose.
Rob Roy.
Woodstock.
Ivanhoe.
Talisman.
Fortunes of Nigel.
Old Mortality.
Quentin Durward.
Heart of Midlothian.
Kenilworth.
Fair Maid of Perth.
Vanity Fair.
Pendennis.
Newcomes.
Esmond.
Adam Bede.
Mill on the Floss.
Romola.
Middlemarch.
Pickwick.
Chuzzlewit.
Nickleby.
Copperfield.
Tale of Two Cities.
Dombey.
Oliver Twist.
Tom Cringle's Log.
Japhet in Search of a Father.
Peter Simple.
Midshipman Easy.
Scarlet Letter.
House with the Seven Gables.
Wandering Jew.
Mysteries of Paris.
Humphry Clinker.
Eugénie Grandet.
Knickerbocker's New York.
Charles O'Malley.
Harry Lorrequer.
Handy Andy.
Elsie Venner.
Challenge of Barletta.
Betrothed (Manzoni's).
Jane Eyre.
Counterparts.
Charles Auchester.
Tom Brown's Schooldays.
Tom Brown at Oxford.
Lady Lee's Widowhood.
Horseshoe Robinson.
Pilot.
Spy.
Last of the Mohicans.
My Novel.
On the Heights.
Bleak House.
Tom Jones.
Three Guardsmen.
Monte Christo.
Les Miserables.
Notre Dame.
Consuelo.
Fadette (Fanchon).
Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Woman in White.
Love me little love me long.
Two Years Ago.
Yeast.
Coningsby.
Young Duke.
Hyperion.
Kavanagh.
Bachelor of the Albany.

FOOTNOTES:

[16] The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language: a Complete Encyclopædic Lexicon, Literary, Scientific, and Technological. By John Ogilvie, LL.D. New edition. Carefully revised and greatly augmented, edited by Charles Annandale, M.A. London, 1882-83. 4 vols. Imp. 8vo.

[17] A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society. Edited by James A.H. Murray, LL.D., with the assistance of many Scholars and Men of Science. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Royal 4to.

[18] A second edition appeared in 1871-72.