Chapter I: Front Matter

HOW TO KNOW
THE FERNS

BY
S. LEONARD BASTIN

WITH THIRTY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS

METHUEN & CO. LTD.
36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON

_First Published in 1917_

CONTENTS

CHAP. PAGE
I. The Ferns and their Allies 1
II. Life Histories 13
III. Yesterday and To-day 23
IV. Three Dainty Ferns 33
V. The Bracken Fern and Two Interesting Species 38
VI. The Male Fern and its Relatives 46
VII. The Lady Fern and the Spleenworts 66
VIII. The Polypodies 86
IX. The Royal Fern 93
X. Four Curious Ferns 96
XI. The Club Mosses 101
XII. The Horsetails 112
XIII. Fern Collecting and Preserving 122
XIV. The Culture of Ferns 129
Index 133

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
The Bristle Fern 34
The Tunbridge Filmy Fern 36
The Bracken Fern 39
The Maidenhair Fern 42
The Maidenhair Fern (Enlarged view of Back of Frond) 43
The Male Fern 47
The Mountain Buckler Fern 51
The Mountain Buckler Fern (Enlarged) 52
_Nephrodium dilatatum_ 54
The Holly Fern 58
The Oblong Woodsia 62
The Brittle Bladder Fern 64
_Athyrium filix-fæmina_ 67
The Rue-leaved Spleenwort 71
The Rue-leaved Spleenwort (Enlarged Back of Frond) 72
The Sea Spleenwort 76
The Maidenhair Spleenwort 79
The Green Spleenwort 81
The Hartstongue 82
The Sori on the Back of a Hartstongue Frond 83
The Common Polypody 87
Enlargement of the Sori on the Frond of Common Polypody 88
The Beech Fern 89
The Royal Fern 94
The Adder’s Tongue 97
The Moonwort 99
The Common Club Moss 102
The Fir Club Moss 104
The Quillwort 108
_Azolla caroliniana_ 110
Barren Stem of _Equisetum arvense_ 113
Fertile Cones of _Equisetum maximum_ 115
The Dutch Rush 120

HOW TO KNOW THE
FERNS