Chapter IX: Scheme of Vital Faculty (2)

--, Mrs., dream of, 445-446.

Ladame, _cited_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.

Ladd, Prof., _cited_, 70 _and note_.

Lamartine, _quoted_, 71.

Lang, Andrew, _cited_, 180 _note_, 232 _note_{2}, 266 _note_, 267 _note_{1}.

Language, inadequacy of, in expressing needs of the psychical being, 77-78.

Lao Tzu, religion of, 349.

Lateau, Louise, case of, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Leaf, Dr. Walter, _cited_, 328 _and note_.

Lecky, Mr., _cited_, 4.

Lefébure, M., _cited_, 284.

Lemaître, Prof., _cited_, 284.

Léonie, case of, 308, 309.

Lett, Charles A. W., case reported by, 241-242.

----, Sara, apparition seen by, 242.

Lewis, Mr., dream of, _cited_, 106.

----, H. J., _quoted_, 364.

Liébeault, Dr. A. A.--
Cases of patients of, 220, 291, 294.
_Cited_, 123 _note_, 130, 133 _note_, 134
_note_, 135 _note_{2}, 142 _note_, 143 _and note_[1], 155 _note_.
Hypnotic school originated by, 121.
_Quoted_, 432-433.

Life--
Continuity of, presumptive proof of, 184.
Dual existence in material and spiritual world, 114-116.
Etherial world, a product of, 76.
Nature of, human ignorance of, 187-188.
Passion for, a factor in universal energy, 344.
Planetary origin of, an unproven theory, 74.

Light--
Magnetic, 379.
Red, dynamometrical power increased by, 261.

Lightfoot, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 240.

_Livre des Esprits_, _cited_, 283.

Lodge, Sir Oliver, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}, 328 _and note_.

Lombroso, Prof., _cited_, 56.

Long, Geo. E., _quoted_, 431-432.

Lourdes, miracles of, 128, 164-165.

Love--
Definition of, 85, 344-345.
Earth-loves, persistence of, in spirit world, 350-351.
Planetary conception of, 85-86.
Platonic conception of, 85-89.
Underlying Power of the Universe, as, 347-349.

Lowest level nerve-centres, function of, 57.

Lucidité, _see_ Clairvoyance _and_ Telæsthesia.

Luther, Prof., _quoted_, 445-446.

----, Mrs. case of, 315.

Lyttelton, Hon. Mrs., 389.

M., Mrs., case of, _cited_, 244 _note_.

--, Marie, case of, 47.

--, S., _quoted_, 71.

Mabille, Dr., _cited_, 146 _note_.

Mabire, M. Etienne, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

McAlpine, Mrs., apparition seen by, 390-391.

M'Kendrick, Prof., _cited_, 125.

_Macmillan's Magazine_, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Maginot, Adèle, case of, 318.

Magnetic sense, 379.

Magnetism of the earth, 378.

Magnets, sensibility to, 379.

Mahomedanism, 352.

Maitland, Edward, 283.

_Making of Religion_, _cited_, 180 _note_.

_Maladies de la Personnalité, Les_, _quoted_, 11-12.

Mamtchitch, Eugène, apparition seen by, 315, 400-405.

----, Sophie, apparition seen by, 404-405.

Mangiamele, case of, 66, 67.

Maniacs, hypnotisation of, 125.

Manning, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 112 _note_.

Mannors, Elisa, automatic writings by, 332-333.

Marot, Dr., _cited_, 136 _note_.

Martian control of Hélène Smith, 284-285.

Martin, Mrs., case contributed by, 387-388.

Mason, Dr. R. Osgood, case of patient of, 50-51.

Massive motor impulses, 272-273.

Maury, M. Alfred, _cited_, 96.

_Mauvaise honte_ cured by hypnotism, 137.

Medical clairvoyance, _see under_ Clairvoyance.

_Medico-Legal Journal_, _cited_, 48.

Mediumship--a healthy faculty, 280-281;
communications possibly affected by character of medium, 324.

_Melbourne Argus_, _cited_, 111.

_Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Etablissement du
magnetism Animal_, _cited_, 119 _note_.

Memory--
Alternating personalities, in, 131, 310-311.
Crystal-vision, subliminal memory reproduced by, 103.
Dream--
Capricious nature of, 310-311.
Relation to waking and hypnotic memories, 99-100.
Ecmnesia, _see that title_.
Hypnotism, in, _see under_ Hypnotism.
Hysteria, heightened in, 309.
Multiple personality, in, 51.
Possession, memory of controlling spirit evident in, 298-299.
Post-epileptic, 46, 47.
Secondary personality, of, 46-48.
Somnambulistic, 156.
Subliminal continuous, 15.
Trance memory of spiritual world, 299.

Mesmer, work of, 5, 117, 118, 119.

Mesmerism--
Nervous effluence theory of, 119.
Sensibility to objects treated by, 380.

_Mesmerism in India_, _cited_, 139 _note_.

Mesnet, Dr., case of, _cited_, 45 _note_.

Metetherial environment, 9 _and note_{2}, 166.

"Methectic," 217 _note_{2}.

Mettalæsthesia, 378-379.

Middle-level nerve centres--
Function of, 57.
Unchecked rule of, in post-epileptic states, 45.

Mill, John Stuart, _cited_, 72.

Mind-reading, _see_ Muscle-reading.

_Mind_, _cited_, 143 _note_{2}.

_Mind-cure, Faith-cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes_, _cited_, 165 _note_.

Mitchell, Rev. G. W., _cited_, 316 _note_.

Moberly, Mrs. Alfred, planchette experiments by, 287.

_Modern spiritualism; a History and a criticism_, _cited_, 313 _note_{1}.

Moncrieff, Major, case of, _cited_, 227 _note_{2}.

Mondeux, case of, 66, 67.

Mono-ideism, 137, 147.

Moral nature, splits in, 308.

Moral training and reform, hypnotism in, 133-135.

Morphia habit cured by hypnotism, 135-136 _and note_.

Morton, Miss R. C., apparition seen by, 421-429.

Moses, W. Stainton--
Case of, 24, 158, 274, 297, 298, 300, 314, 315, 319-327 337, 441-445.
_Spirit Teachings_ by, 321, 323.

Motor automatism--
Anagrams automatically written, 264.
Definition of term, 168-169.
Dissolutive and evolutive, 254-255.
Dowsing, 269.

Drawing, 264-265 _and note_[1].
Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81.
Idiognomonic, 258.
Inhibitions, 269-272.
Modes of, 273-274.
Nunciative character of, 258-268.
Possession, _see that title_.
Range of, 259.
Scope of, 21.
Sensibility to motor impulses, 272-273.
Sensory automatism: connected with, 268;
compared with, 274.
Speech, 274.
Spirit drawings, 78-79.
Spirit rapping, 262-264.
Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401.
Teleological, 285-286.
Writing (hand-)--
Cases of, 291-292, 360.
Moses, W. S., case of, _see_ Moses.
Spirit control, considered as proof of, 290.
Writing (planchette-), cases of, 287-289, 433-437.
Writing (hand- and planchette-),--
Contents of messages, classification of, 275-276.
Early investigations of, 274-275.
Knowledge evidenced in, sources of, 291-296.
Literary style of, 78.
Secondary personality, by, 275.
Sources of, 275-276.
Subliminal centres regulating, 58-59.
Subliminal self, messages from, 276-278.

Mount-Temple, Lady, 320.

Multiple Personality, cases of, 49-51;
memory in, 51.

_Multiple Personality_, _cited_, 47 _note_{2}.

_Murray's Magazine_, _cited_, 395 _note_.

Muscle-reading, 259-260.

Muscular resistance, sense of, in relation to subliminal mentation, 69.

Music, symbolism of, 79.

Musical execution, subliminally initiated, 273.

Musset, De, _quoted_, 71.

Myers, Dr. A. T., _cited_, 165 _note_, 174 _note_, 382.

----, F. W. H., 328; _cited_, 165 _note_.

Mysophobia cured by hypnotism, 136.

_Myth, Ritual and Religion_, _cited_, 232 _note_.

Nagel, _cited_, 144 _note_.

Nancy School of Hypnotism, 121, 158.

Narcosis, hypnosis contrasted with, 123.

Narcotics, _see_ Drugs.

Nasse, _cited_, 120 _note_{1}.

_Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_, _cited_, 139 _note_, 160 _note_{1}.

Neilson, _cited_, 135 _note_{2}.

Nerve cells, controlled by subliminal self, 34.

Nervous development, modern, rapidity of, 73-74.

Nevius, Dr., _cited_, 307, 309.

_Nevroses et Idées Fixes_, _cited_, 45 _note_{1}, 101 _note_{3};
case _quoted_ from, 359-361.

Newbold, Prof. W. Romaine, case recorded by, 365;
_cited_, 307, 328 _and note_;
_quoted_, 103.

Newell, E. J., _quoted_, 364-365.

Newnham, Mr., case of, _cited_, 112 _note_.

----, Mrs., case of, 287-288, 295-296, 308.

----, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-989, 295-296.

_Nineteenth Century_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Nordau, Dr. Max, _cited_, 56.

Normal--
Genius the best type of, 20, 57, 61-63.
Misuse of word, 61.

Normandie, Rev. C. Y., de, _quoted_, 440.

_Northern Standard_, _quoted_, 391.

_Notes of Séances with D. D. Home_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

_Observations de Médecine Pratique_, _cited_, 150 _note_, 157 _note_, 381.

Occult Wisdom, 339.

_On the so-called Divining Rod_, _cited_, 378.

Pain--
Dream memory of, 140.
Hypnotic suppression of, 138-141.
Memory of, 140-141.
Psychological entity, treated as, 140.
Sense of, distinguished from temperature sense in hysteria, 52.
Suggestion in removing, 140.

Painting, automatic, 273.

Palladia, apparitions of, 400-405.

Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, _quoted_, 271.

----, Dr. J. W., _quoted_, 272.

Parry, Mrs. Gambier, _quoted_, 421.

"Peak in Darien" cases, 233.

Pelham, George, control of, 235.

Pennée, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 244 _note_.

Percipient, definition of term, 9 _note_{3}.

Perception--
Distant, 201.
Power of, 149-150.

Personality--
Common-sense view of, 11, 13.
Co-ordination theory, 11-13, 26-27, 31.
Cosmic and planetary, simultaneous development of, 114-115, 165-166.
Dissociation of, 190-191, 196-197.
Dual, 356-359.
Hypnotic stratum of, 35, 37.
Knowledge, new, not evidenced in changes of, 310, 311.
Multiplex, 216.
Psychological view of, 11-12.
Secondary, _see_ Secondary personality.
Supraliminal life regarded as privileged case of, 169.
Upbuilding of, notion of, 32.

Perturbation masking evolution, 357.

Pesaro, experiments of, 301.

Pessimistic views of life, 348.

Pététin, _cited_, 150 _note_, 381.

Petrovo-Solovovo, Mr. M., case collected by, 416-417.

_Phædo_, _cited_, 213.

Phantasmogenetic centres, 177, 188, 196, 197.

Phantasms--
Discarnate spirits, of, _see_ Discarnate Spirits--Apparitions.
Living, of the, 193-198, 205-207, 209-210.

_Phantasms of the Dead from another point of view_, _cited_, 409 _note_.

_Phantasms of the Living_, _cited_, 5, 9, 96, 108, 112 _and note_, 113
_note_{1}, 160 _note_{1}, 174, 185 _and note_[1], 188, 195 _notes_, 199
_and note_, 200 _notes_, 206, 207 _notes_, 208, 209 _and notes_, 210
_note_{1}, 217 _note_{1}, 223 _and note_[2], 224 _and note_, 225, 226,
227 _and note_[1], 233, 234 _note_{2}, 236 _and note_, 237, 240, 241,
243, 272, 291;
_quoted_, 106-107, 205-206, 370-374, 384-385, 387-388, 392-396, 420, 430.

_Phême_, _cited_, 185.

_Philosophy of Mysticism_, _cited_, 43 _note_.

_Philosophy of the Unconscious_, _cited_, 71.

Pierce, A. H., _cited_, 14 _note_.

Piper, Mrs.--
Case of, 158, 189, 285, 297-300, 307, 309, 314,
315, 318, 319, 326-333, 337, 448.
"George Pelham" control of, _quoted_, 336.

Pitres, Dr., 124.

Planchette, _see_ Motor Automatism--Writing.

Plants, sensibility to presence of certain, 380.

Plato--
_Cited_, 137, 213, 217, _note_{2}, 282.
Love, conception of, 85, 86-89.
Pre-terrene training, theory as to, 91.

Plotinus, _quoted_, 352-355.

Plutarch, _cited_, 267 _note_{2}.

Podmore, Frank, _cited_, 9, 14 _note_, 174
_note_, 185 _note_{2}, 238, 244, 313 _note_{1}, 318, 409.

_Points de repère_, 181, 182.

Pole, W., _quoted_, 66.

Pole-Carew, Mrs., case attested by, 388-389.

Poltergeist phenomena, 246.

Possession--
Analogies for, 300-302, 307, 310-311.
Angelic, diabolical or hostile, no evidence for, 307-310.
Brain function in, 305.
Cases of, 446-451.
Chinese, 307, 309.
Definition of term, 274, 298, 300.
Demoniacal, 307-310, 359.
Ecstasy, merging into, 314-315.
Evidence for, 297-298.
Home, D. D., case of, 318-319.
Janet's treatment of, 361.
Memory in, 298-299.
Moses case, _see_ Moses.
Motor automatism contrasted with, 297.
Nature of, 300-303, 311.
Piper, Mrs., case of, _see_ Piper.
Place of, in psychical phenomena, 299-300.
Pseudo-, 51, 359-361.
Simulation of, in somnambulistic state, 157-158.
Spirit possession--
Difficulties of controlling spirit in, 335-337.
Home, D. D., case of, 319.
Piper, Mrs., case of, discussed, 330-333.
Subliminal self, as the domination of, 315-316, 318, 324, 325.
Two or more spirits, by, 298.

Potolof, W., case attested by, 405.

Prayer, relation of, to telepathy, 184.

Precognition--
Death, of, 232, 370.
Dreams, in, 107-112.
Telepathy from discarnate spirits, defined as, 187.

Prince, Dr. Morton, case of patient of, 49 _and note_[2], 308.

_Principles of Psychology_, _cited_, 48 _note_, 69 _note_{3}.

Prolongeau, case of, 66, 67.

Proust, Dr., case of patient of, 46-47.

Proximity of plants and animals, sensibility to, 380.

Prudhomme, M. Sully, _quoted_, 71.

Psychical invasion--
Cases of, 193-198, 337;
where agent has no memory of circumstance, 208;
where agent and percipient retain memory of, 199-200, 209;
where neither agent nor percipient retain memory of, 198-199.
Dreams, in, 105, 112.
Dying, by, 113.
Ecstasy in relation to, 314.
Evidence for, 302, 337-338.
Living persons, of, 112-113.
Telepathy almost indistinguishable from, 294.

Psychical Research, Christian evidence supported by, 352.

_Psychische Studien_, _cited_, 433.

_Psychological Review, The_, _quoted_, 329.

Psychology, advance in, during last twenty years, 279-280.

_Psychology of Suggestion_, _cited_, 47 _note_{2}.

Psychorrhagic diathesis, 196-197.

_Psycho-Thérapie_, _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.

Psycho-therapeutics, development of, 5.

Pythagoras, 283.

_Quarterly Journal of Science_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

Quicherat, M., _cited_, 266, 267.

R., Mr. Van, of Utica, case of, 66, 67.

Ramsay, Mrs., apparition seen by, 394-395.

Raphael's San Sisto, inspiration of, 173.

Rarey, _cited_, 123.

Rawson, Henry G., _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

_Recent Experiments in Crystal Vision_, _cited_, 180 _note_.

_Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme_, _cited_, 119 _note_.

_Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme_, _cited_, 157 _note_, 381.

_Record of a Haunted House_, _cited_, 421.

Red Light in hypnotism, 261.

Reddell, Frances, apparition seen by, 387-388.

Reed, Colonel, case of, _cited_, 200.

----, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.

Regis, _cited_, 135 _note_{1}.

Reichenbach, Baron, 379.

Reid, _quoted_, 11.

Reincarnation, doctrine of, 282-285.

_Religio-Philosophical Journal_, _cited_, 51 _note_{3}, 370-371, 437 _note_.

Religion--
Ancient Sage, of, 349-50.
Buddha, of, 349, 352-353.
Christianity, 342, 346, 349-350.
Definition of, 85, 89, 347.
Ideals of, 347-348.
Natural, 349-350.
Old-world beliefs not adapted to modern needs, 342.
Oracular, development of, 346.
Science, complementary to, 25, 354;
scientific methods applied to truths of, 341.
Synthesis of, provisional sketch for, 347-355.

Renterghem, Dr. van, hypnotic cures by, 117;
_cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.

_Report of the International Congress of Experimental
Psychology_, _cited_, 170 note.

_Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London
Dialectical Society_, _cited_, 319 _note_.

_Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism_, _cited_, 320 _note_.

_Retrocognition and Precognition_, _cited_, 245 _note_.

Retté, M., _cited_, 71.

Revelation, telepathy a means for continuous, 350.

_Rêves, Les_, _cited_, 98, 101 _note_{2}.

_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, _cited_, 46 _note_, 52 _note_, 101 _note_{1},
133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _notes_[1] _and_ [2], 136 _note,_ 137
_note_{1}, 139, 140 _note_{1}, 142 _note_, 146 _note_, 147 _note_, 153
_note_{1}, 155 _note_, 170 _note_, 272 _note_, 382.

_Revue de Médecine_, _cited_, 101 _note_{3}.

_Revue Philosophique_, _cited_, 64 _note_, 139 _note_{1}, 143 _note_{2},
150 _note_, 152 _note_{2}, 308 _note_{2}, 382, 430.

_Revue Scientifique_, _quoted_, 365 _and note_.

Reynolds, Mary, case of, 48-49.

Ribot, Mr., _quoted_, 11-12, 71-72.

Richet, Prof., work of, 121;
table-tilting experiments of, 430;
_cited_, 185 _note_{1}, 263, 287, 446;
_quoted_, 448.

Ringier, Georg, _cited_, 133 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.

_Riverine Herald_, _cited_, 111.

Romances, inward, 279.

Rose-asthma, 380.

Rossi-Pagnoni, Prof., experiments by, 290.

Royce, Prof., _cited_, 69 _and note_[1];
case attested by, 405-406.

Rybalkin, Dr. J., _cited_, 146 _note_.

Safford, Prof., case of, 66-67.

S. Augustine, _cited_, 184.

S. Brieux, Bishop of, vision of, 244-245.

S. Ilma, case of, _cited_, 146 _note_.

Saint-Saens, _cited_, 71.

S. Theresa, 5-6.

Salpêtrière School of Hypnotism, 121, 123, 132 _note_, 147 _note_, 308, 381.

Sand, George, method of work of, 82.

Sanders, Rev. C. B. (X + Y = Z), case of, 316 _and note_.

"Scheme of Vital Faculty," 313-314.

Schiller, Mr., case of, 278-279.

Schmoll, Herr Anton, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Schneller, Fräulein, case communicated by, 375-376.

Schrenck-Notzing, _cited_, 133 _note_, 185 _note_{1}.

Science--
Methods of, applied to psychology, 1-3.
Religion, complementary to, 25, 354.

Scripture, Dr., _cited_, 64 _note_, 65;
_quoted_, 67.

Searle, Mr., case of, 207.

Secondary personality--
Defective integration of psychical being, cases due to, 45-48.
Diabolical possession a phase of, 308.
Emotionally selected, 44.
Fictitious, 48.
Improvement on primary, 48-49, 51.
Memory of, lost to primary, 46, 47;
recovered under hypnotism, 46-48.
Motor automatisms by, 295.
Possession, possible confusion with, 307.
_Post-epileptic states_, 45-46.
Primary superseded by, 48-49, 51.
Somnambulic, 45, 156-157.
Stevenson, R. L., case of, 356-359.
X., Félida, case of, 361-363.

"Seeress of Prevorst," _cited_, 317 _note_{2}.

Self-projection, 210-211.

Self-suggestion--
Automatisms, range of, increased by, 152.
Charms as means to, efficacy of, 164.
Pain suppressed by, 140.
Schemes of, 127-128.
Stigmatisation due to, 146 _and notes_.
Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129.
Witchcraft explained as, 5.

_Sensation et Mouvement_, _cited_, 261 _note_.

Sense Organs--
Perceptive power independent of, 149-150.
Specialised, 169-171.
Transposition of faculties of, 149-150.

Sensibility--
Drugs, to, 122-123.
Magnets, to, 379.

Synæsthesiæ of, 170 _and notes_, 171.
Transition from undifferentiated, to specialisation of sense, 170-171.

Sensitives, spirit perception of, 335.

Sensory automatism--
Causes predisposing to, in healthy persons, 174-175.
Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81.
Hallucinations, _see that title_.
Motor automatism: connected with, 268;
compared with, 274.
Nature of, 20-21.
Scope of term, 168.
Telepathy the prerequisite for, 183.

Sewall, Frank, _cited_, 317 _note_{1}.

Shell-hearing, 201.

Shock, effects of, on human beings and animals, 123.

Sidgwick, Mrs., experiments of, 131;
case attested by, 387;
_cited_, 161, 162 _note_{2}, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{1}, 246 _note_;
_quoted_, 111, 247 _and note_-250 _and note_.

Sidgwick, Professor, case of, _cited_, 277 _note_;
case investigated by, 411;
_cited_, 9 _note_{1}, 108, 162 _note_{2}, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{1};
_quoted_, 111.

Sidis, Dr. Boris, 47 _and note_[2].

Skae, Dr. David, case of patient of, 48.

Skirving, Mr., case of, 272.

Sleep--
Characteristics of, 93-94, 113-114.
Clairvoyant excursions during, 301.
Cosmic personality developed during, 114-115.
Definition of, 20.
Ecstasy, connection with, 116.
Faculties of, analogy between those of Genius and, 104.
Hyperæsthesia of, 97.
Hypnotism in relation to, 72, 121-122, 131.
Imagination, intense, during, 97.
Psychical excursion during, 302.
Recuperative powers of, 94-95, 97, 113.
Rocking, induced by, 126.
Somnambulism, relation to, 95.
Spiritual functions of subliminal self during, 156.
Subliminal self directing, 116.
Submerged faculty, indicating existence of, 53.
Telepathy and telæsthesia in, 105, 114, 116.

Smell, subliminal sense of, 271.

Smith, G. M., _cited_, 287 _and note_[1].

----, H. Babington, _cited_, 291.

----, H. Arthur, cases of, 277 _and note_--278.

----, Mlle. Hélène--
Case of, discussed, 280-286; _cited_, 324.
Martian landscapes of, 265 _note_{1}

----, J. W., _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Smyth, Sibbie (née Towns), apparition seen by, 242.

Snow, Herman, _cited_, 437 _note_.

_Société de Psychologie Physiologique_, paper presented to, _cited_, 382.

Society for Psychical Research--
Address of Secretary, 293 _note_.
American, _Proceedings of_, case from, 226 _note_, _cited_, 51
_note_{2}, 69 _note_{1}, 102 _note_, 243 _note_{1}, 244 _note_,
246 _note_, 295 _note_, 405.
Census of Hallucinations undertaken by, 174 _and note_;
Report of, _see under_ Hallucinations.
Founding of, 9 _note_{1}.
Journal of--
Cases _quoted_ from, 385-386, 445, 449-451.
_Cited_, 51 _note_{3}, 102 _note_, 106 _note_, 107 _note_, 112
_note_, 113 _note_{2} 140 _note_{2}, 146 _note_, 151 _note_, 157
_note_, 185 _note_{2}, 188 _note_, 207 _note_{2}, 209 _and note_[1],
210 _note_{1}, 237, 238, 241 _notes_, 272, 285 _note_, 287 _note_{1}, 290
_note_, 320 _note_, 395, 409, 416 _note_.
Object of, 313.
_Proceedings of_, _cited_, 35 _and note_, 45 _note_{3}, 49 _notes_[2]
_and_[3], 51 _note_{1}, 69 _note_{2}, 103 _note_, 106 _note_, 112
_note_, 120 _note_{2}, 124 _note_, 126 _note_, 128, 139 _note_, 141
_note_{2}, 142 _note_, 147 _note_, 148 _and note_, 152 _note_{1}, 155
_note_, 160 _note_{2}, 162 _notes_, 163 _note_{1}, 165 _note_, 173
_note_, 180 _note_, 181, 185 _note_{1}, 187, 192 _note_, 193, 195
_note_{2}, 209 _note_{2}, 210 _note_{1}, 215, 221 _notes_[1] _and_[2],
226, 231, 232 _and_ _note_{1}, 233, 234 _notes_[1] _and_[2], 236 _and
note_, 237, 238, 239 _and note_, 241, 243 _and note_[2], 244, 245
_note_, 247 _and note_[1], 259 _and note_, 260, 263 _note_, 266
_note_{1}, 271 _notes_, 277 _and note_, 278 _and note_, 279, 285 _and
note_, 287 _note_{2}, 288 _note_{1}, 289 _notes_, 290 _and note_, 292,
297, 301, 317 _note_{3}, 318, 320 _note_, 321, 324, 328 _note_, 329,
330, 332, 333 _and note_, 356, 378, 380, 382, 400, 409 _note_, 430;
_quoted_, 177, 270, 271, 287, 327-328, 330-333, 364-366, 369-370,
375-376, 390-391, 405, 410, 412, 416, 418-420, 421, 433-437, 446-449.
Test letters to be sent to, suggestions regarding, 293 _note_.

Socrates--
Dæmon of, 265-268.
Science originated by, 6.

Solon, _quoted_, 117 _note_.

Solovovo, Michael Petrovo, _quoted_, 420.

Somnambulism--
Analogy from, for ghostly communications, 217-218.
Characteristics of state of, 44.
Hypnosis in relation to, 137, 156.
Intellectual work done in state of, 156-157.
Possession, parallelism with, 311.
Secondary personality starting from, 44, 45.
Sleep, relation to, 95.
Spontaneous, 156.
Supernormal powers evidenced in, 157

Space--
Phantasmogenetic centre, modification of part into, 195, 197.
Spirit attitude towards, 176.
Spiritual phenomena in relation to, 22.
Telepathy, relation to, 22.

Speech, phantasmal, 241.

Speer, Dr., _cited_, 24.

Spirit--
Conception of, 59.
Existence of, postulated, 27, 91-92.

Spirit drawings, 78-79.

_Spirit Drawings_, _cited_, 79 _note_, 265 _note_{1}.

Spirit guardianship, case of, 271-272.

Spirit healing, 164.

Spirit intervention, telepathy explained by theory of, 16-17.

Spirit possession, _see_ Possession.

Spirit rapping, 262-264.

_Spirit Teachings_, _cited_, 321, 323.

Spiritual environment, 165-166.

---- evolution, 340-346.

Spiritualism--
Fraud in connection with, 313, 329.
Home, D. D., case of, _see_ Home.
Methods of, 8.
Moses, W. S., case of, _see_ Moses.
Physical phenomena of, 313-314.
Pioneer work in, 4 _et seq._
Piper, Mrs., case of, _see_ Piper.
Support of, by subliminal-self theory, 16-17.

Stage-fright cured by hypnotism, 152.

_Statuvolism, or Artificial Somnambulism_, _cited_, 121, 163 _note_{1};
_quoted_, 381.

Stevenson, R. L.--
Dreams of, 72-73, 82-83, 97.
Dual personality experiences of, 356-359.
Genius of, 356.

Stigmatisation, 146 _and notes_.

Stone Age, 104, 299.

Storie, Mrs., case of, 108-112, 228-229, 235, 237.

Stramm, Mdlle., automatic message written by, 291-292.

Stubbing, Mrs. Annie S., _quoted_, 373.

_Studien über Hysterie_, _cited_, 41 _and note_[1].

_Study of Fears_, _cited_, 33 _and note_.

Sturgis, Dr. Russell, _cited_, 33 _note_.

_Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes et les
Ecrivains, Les_, _cited_, 71 _and note_.

Subliminal, definition of term, 15.

Subliminal power--
Functioning of, referred to control centres, 57-60.
Potential, in every organism, 63.

Subliminal self--
Control of organism by, 151, 157.
Cognisance of fragment of, 15.
Definition of term, 15.
Dominance of, over supraliminal self, 315.
Functions of, 37.
Imaginative faculty of, 147-149.
Methods of communication with supraliminal self, 20-21.
Nerve cells controlled by, 34.
Powers of, compared with supraliminal, 277-278.
Suggestion in relation to, 129.
Surviving self, related to, 168.
Telepathy explained by theory of, 16, 17.

_Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration_, _cited_, 14 _note_.

Substitution of ideas, 361.

Suggestion--
Attention, effect on, 153.
Character, influence on, 154-155.
Cures effected by, 34.
Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123, 135.
Dynamogenic effect of, on attention and character, 151-155.
Post-hypnotic, 260-261.
Responsiveness to, requisite, 122-123.
Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129.
Will-power, influence on, 153-154.

_Suggestion Mentale, La_, _cited_, 263 _note_.

_Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des
Geschlechissinnes, Die_, _cited_, 133 _note_.

Suicide--
Greek view of, 344.
Phantasms in connection with, 200.

Supernormal, definition of term, 6 _note_{1}.

Survival--
Continuity, theory as to, 333-334.
Evidence for, 9-10; nature of, 213.
Scientific method not applied to problem of, 3.
Telepathy the security of, 344.
Tests of, 292-293 _and note_.

Swedenborg, Emmanuel--
Case of, 299.
Debt of posterity to, 339.
Evidential cases of, 316.
Experiential and dogmatic writings of, 317.
Psychical science originated by, 6-7, 9.
Teachings of, corroborative of recent investigations, 317.

Symbolism, subliminal tendency to, 202-203.

Synæsthesia, 170 _and notes_--171.

Synthetic Society, papers read before, 350 _note_.

Syringomyelitis, anæsthesia of, 37.

T., case of, 382.

--, Mrs., case of, 373-375. _cited_, 234.

--, Mr. and Mrs., case of, _cited_, 112-113.

Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401, 430-433, 438.

Tactile sensibility, hyperæsthesia of, 271.

Taine, M., _cited_, 98 _and note_[2].

Taunton, Mrs., case of, 207 _and note_[1].

Teale Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228.

Telæsthesia--
Cases of, 289-290.
Crystal gazing or shell hearing, in, 201.
Definition of term, 6 _note_{1}, 90, 105.
Dreams in, 104-112, 114, 366-375.
Genius, relation to, 84-85.
Hyperæsthesia in relation to, 201, 202.
Hypotheses explaining, 16.
Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, 271-272.
Psychical invasion in relation to, 177, 199-205.
Telepathy, relation to, 187.

Telekinesis, 313-314. 326;
case of W. S. Moses, 320-322.

Telepathy--
Animals, between, 188 _note_.
Brain vibrations in, theory of, 304.
Collective cases, 187, 198-199.
Conception of, 303-306.
Crystal-vision, gift of, accompanied by sensibility to, 181-182.
Definition of, 90, 105.
Discarnate spirits, relation to, 187, 350.
Distance, from, 160, 185.
Evidence for, 183-189, 191.
Evolutive nature of, 256 _and notes_.
Experiments to prove, 185 _and notes_-186.
Genius, relation to, 84-85.
Ghostly communications in relation to, 216-217.
Hypnosis induced by, 160, 162 _and note_[2], 382-383.
Hypotheses explaining, 16-17.
Inadequacy of term, 105.
Language difficulties in, 285.
Latency of impacts, 223-224, 228, 291.
Law, fundamental, of spiritual world, as, 31.
Newnham, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-289.
Prayer in relation to, 184.
Precognitive, 187, 189.
Prerequisite for supernormal phenomena, as the, 183.
Psychical invasion indistinguishable from, in motor automatism, 294.
Savages, among, 256 _note_{1}.
Sleep, relation to, 116.
Spiritual excursion in relation to, 177.
Split personality in relation to, 190-191.
Subliminal selves, between, during sleep, 315.
Survival, the security for, 9, 344.
Table-tilting, by, 430-433, 438.
Telæsthesia in relation to, 187.
Three main types of communications in, 219-220.
Time relations in, 187.
Vibration theory of, 186-187.

Temperature sense distinguished from pain sense, 52.

Tennyson, _cited_, 184.

Teste, _cited_, 381.

Thaw, Dr. A. Blair, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.

Theology, reason for avoiding, 10.

_Thérapeutique Suggestive_, _cited_, 123 _note_, 142 _note_, 143 _note_{1}.

Thorpe, Mr. Courtenay, 206.

Thought-transference, _see_ Telepathy.

Thoulet, Professor, case of, 315, 446-448.

Time--
Spiritual phenomena, in relation to, 22-23, 251.
Subliminal mentation, in relation to, 68-69.
Telepathy, in relation to, 187.

Tissié, Dr., _cited_, 98;
case of patient of, 101.

Trance (_see also_ Home--Moses--Piper)--
Messages, generic similarity of, in different individuals, 276 _note_.
Three main types of, 315.

Transposition of senses, 149.

Tuckey, Lloyd, _cited_, 135 _note_.

Twins, telepathic communications between, 108-109.

Unity, central, in multicellular organisms, 30-31.

_Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree_, _cited_, 33 _note_.

V., Mrs., vision of, 232.

Vaso-motor system, dynamogenic hypnotic effects on, 145-146.

Vennum, Miss Mary Lurancy, case of, 51.

Verity, A. S., case attested by, 397, 398.

----, L. S. and E. C., apparition appearing to, 396-399.

Verrall, Mrs., 181.

Virgil, _cited_, 96 _and note_, 282.

Vision--
After-images, 171, 179.
Defects of, removed by suggestion, 142-143.
Entoptic, 171.
Evolution of, 169-173.
Imagination images, 172-173.
Inward, 171-174;
control of, 178;
veridical, 175-177.
Memory-images, 172, 179.
Non-optical, in dreams, 169-170.
Ocular, a privileged case of general vision, 173, 175.
Subliminal mentation in relation to, 69 _and note_-70.

Vital faculty, scheme of, 441 _et seq._

Vivé, Louis, case of, 49 _and note_[1], 146 _note_, 379.

Vlavianos, Dr., _cited_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.

Voisin, Dr. Auguste, _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 101 _and note_,
133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _notes_[1] _and_ [2], 136 _note_, 155 _note_;
_quoted_, 381-382.

Voltaire, genius of, 60.

W., Miss, case of, _cited_, 233.

Wallace, Alfred Russel, _cited_, 7 _and note_, 16.

Warburton, Canon, dream of, 106-107, 208.

Water--
Mesmerised, experiments with, 380.
Running, finding of, 378.

Wendell, Prof. Barrett, _cited_, 318.

Wesermann, experiments of, 409.

Wesley, John, 7 _note_{1}.

Wetterstrand, Otto, _cited_, 93, 135 _note_{2}, 136 _note_.

Whately, Archbishop, case of, 66-67.

Wheatcroft, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228.

Wilkie, J. E., dream of, 315, 450-451.

Wilkinson, W. M., _cited_, 79 _note_, 265 _note_{1}.

Will power--
Hypnotic influence on, 153-154.
Self-projection by means of, 210-211, 396-399.

Wilmot, Mrs., case of, 177.

Wilson, Archdeacon, case of, 228.

----, Dr. Albert, case of patient of, 49 _note_{3}.

Wingfield, Dr. Hugh, _quoted_, 128.

Winsor, Miss Anna, case of, 51 _and note_[2], 295 _note_.

Witchcraft, 4-5.

Witches, anæsthetic patches on, 124.

Wittman, 130.

Wordsworth, _cited_, 81, 84 _note_, 92.

World-soul, 355 _note_.

Wyman, W. H., case of, _quoted_, 270.

X., Emile, case of, 46-47.

--, Félida, case of, 44, 48, 50-51, 307, 361-363.

"X + Y = Z," case of, 316 _and note_.

_X + Y = Z_ or _The Sleeping Preacher of North Alabama_, _cited_, 316 _note_.

Z., Alma, case of, 50-51.

_Zeitschrift für Hypnotismus_, _passim_, _cited_, 120 _note_{1}.

_Zoist, the_, _cited_, 123 _note_, 139 _note_{1}, 159,
161, 162 _note_, 163 _note_{2}, 177 _note_, 380, 381.

Zones, anæsthetic, occurrence of, in witchcraft, 124.

_Zones analgésique_ in witches, 5.

* * * * *

The following typographical errors were corrected by the etext transcriber:

and of communciation with=>and of communication with

His field of consciousness is so far=> His field of typo consciousness is so far

physiolgical explanations=>physiological explanations

choreic or fidgetty shiftings of motor impulse=>choreic or fidgety shiftings of motor impulse

these types of subacent vision=>these types of subjacent vision

will sometimes express themseves=>will sometimes express themselves

Bibliotèque Diabolique=>Bibliothèque Diabolique

omniscent benevolence=>omniscient benevolence

childhood dissappeared=>childhood disappeared

ot January and February 1885=>of January and February 1885

committed siucide by drowning himself in the lake=>committed suicide by drowning himself in the lake

temps aprés leur arrivée=>temps après leur arrivée

soon as he told ns.=>soon as he told us.

not finding the pad of paper on my kneee=>not finding the pad of paper on my knees

Telepathy almost intistinguishable=>Telepathy almost indistinguishable

ou il préparait le samovar=>où il préparait le samovar

cabinet ou nous ne trouvâmes personne=>cabinet où nous ne trouvâmes personne

séparée ou j'étais tout seul=>séparée où j'étais tout seul

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See glossary.

[2] I have ventured to coin the word "supernormal" to be applied to phenomena which are _beyond what usually happens_--_beyond_, that is, in the sense of suggesting unknown psychical laws. It is thus formed on the analogy of _abnormal_. When we speak of an abnormal phenomenon we do not mean one which _contravenes_ natural laws, but one which exhibits them in an unusual or inexplicable form. Similarly by a supernormal phenomenon I mean, not one which _overrides_ natural laws, for I believe no such phenomenon to exist, but one which exhibits the action of laws higher, in a psychical aspect, than are discerned in action in everyday life. By _higher_ (either in a psychical or physiological sense) I mean "apparently belonging to a more advanced stage of evolution."

[3] Other _savants_ of eminence--the great name of Alfred Russel Wallace will occur to all--had also satisfied themselves of the reality of these strange phenomena; but they had not tested or demonstrated that reality with equal care. I am not able in this brief sketch to allude to distinguished men of earlier date--Richard Glanvil, John Wesley, Samuel Johnson, etc., who discerned the importance of phenomena which they had no adequate means of investigating.

[4] The Society for Psychical Research was founded in 1882, Professor W. F. Barrett taking a leading part in its promotion. Henry Sidgwick was its first President, and Edmund Gurney was its first Honorary Secretary--he and I being joint Honorary Secretaries of its Literary Committee, whose business was the collection of evidence.

[5] See, for instance, _Proceedings_ of the Society for Psychical Research (henceforth in this book referred to as the S.P.R.), vol. iv. p. 256, Jan. 1887.

[6] See, however, an article in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 317 to 325, entitled "Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration," by Mr. A. H. Pierce, of Harvard University, with a reply by Mr. F. Podmore.

[7] The difficulty of conceiving any cellular focus, either fixed or shifting, has actually led some psychologists to demand a unifying principle which is not cellular, and yet is not a soul.

[8] Stanley Hall's "Study of Fears," _American Journal of Psychology_, vol. viii., No. 2, January, 1897. See also "The Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree," by Dr. Russell Sturgis (Boston, 1894).

[9] For instances of such cures see Drs. Raymond and Janet's _Névroses et Idées fixes_.

[10] See vol. vii. p. 309.

[11] See "Studien über Hysterie" (Leipsic, 1895), by Drs. Breuer and Freud. An account of two of these cases is given in the original edition. Vol. i. pp. 51-6.

[12] On this subject see Du Prel, _Philosophy of Mysticism_, Eng. trans., vol. i., passim.

[13] An old case of Dr. Dyce's (see _The Zoist_, vol. iv. p. 158) forms a simple example of this type. Dr. Mesnet's case (_De l'Automatisme de la Mémoire_, _etc._ Par le Dr. Ernest Mesnet, Paris, 1874, p. 18, seq.) should also be referred to here. In these instances the secondary state is manifestly a degeneration of the primary state, even when certain traces of supernormal faculty are discernible in the narrowed psychical field.

[14] See _The Zoist_, vol. iv. pp. 172-79, for a case showing the inevitable accomplishment of a post-epileptic crime in such a way as to bring out its analogy with the inevitable working out of a post-hypnotic suggestion.

[15] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 221-258 [225 A].

[16] See _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, March 1890, p. 267 [226 A].

[17] See the _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_ for January 1892 [226 B].

[18] For full details of this, see Dr. Boris Sidis's work, _The Psychology of Suggestion: a Research into the Subconscious Nature of Man and Society_ (New York, 1898), and _Multiple Personality_ by Drs. Boris Sidis and S. P. Goodhart. London, 1905.

[19] Zoist vol. iv. p. 185 [229 A].

[20] See Professor W. James's _Principles of Psychology_, vol. I. pp. 381-84 [232 A].

[21] For Dr. Camuset's account see _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, 1882, p. 75; for Dr. Voisin's, _Archives de Neurologie_, September 1885. The observations at Rochefort have been carefully recorded by Dr. Berjon, _La Grande Hystérie chez l'Homme_, Paris, 1886, and by Drs. Bourru and Burot in a treatise, _De la suggestion mentale_, &c. (_Bibl. scientifique contemporaine_), Paris, 1887 [233 A].

[22] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xv. pp. 466-483 [234 A] and the more complete account given in Dr. Morton Prince's _Dissociation of a Personality_. New York and London, 1906.

[23] Besides the cases mentioned above see a remarkable recent case recorded by Dr. Bramwell in _Brain_, Summer Number, 1900, on the authority of Dr. Albert Wilson, of Leytonstone. Dr. Wilson has given a detailed account of his patient, Mary Barnes, in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xviii. pp. 352-416, where a full discussion of the case will also be found. Mary Barnes developed sixteen different personalities with distinct memories and different characteristics.

[24] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xiv. 396-398 [236 A].

[25] _Proceedings of American_ S.P.R., vol. i. p. 552 [237 A].

[26] For a detailed record of this case see the _Religio-Philosophical Journal_ for 1879. An abridgment is given in [238 A]. See also _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. x. p. 99.

[27] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1889.

[28] Professor Scripture in the _American Journal of Psychology_, vol. iv., No. 1, April 1891; Professor Binet in the _Revue Philosophique_, 1895. Professor Binet's article deals largely with Jacques Inaudi, the most recent prodigy, who appears to differ from the rest in that his gift is auditile rather than visual. His gift was first observed in childhood. His general intelligence is below the average. Another recent prodigy, Diamanti, seems, on the other hand, to be in other ways quick-witted.

[29] Scripture, _op. cit._, p. 54.

[30] _Proceedings_ of American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 360.

[31] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 337 [§ 311].

[32] On this point see Professor James's _Principles of Psychology_, vol. ii. p. 84, note. Goethe's well-known phantasmal flower was clearly no mere representation of retinal structure. A near analogy to these patterns lies in the so-called "spirit-drawings," or automatic arabesques, discussed elsewhere in this chapter.

[33] See Professor Ladd's paper on this subject in _Mind_, April 1892.

[34] "Le Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes, et les Ecrivains," par le Dr. Paul Chabaneix, Paris, 1897.

[35] Instances of this form of automatism are described in a book called _Spirit Drawings: a Personal Narrative_, by W. M. Wilkinson, some account of which is given in Appendix 811 A (Vol. II.) of the unabridged edition.

[36] _L'Année Psychologique_, i. 1894, p. 124, F. de Curel, par A. Binet [§ 330].

[37] In Wordsworth's _Prelude_ we find introspective passages of extreme psychological interest as being deliberate attempts to tell the truth about exactly those emotions and intuitions which differentiate the poet from common men.

[38] In the passage which follows some use has been made of Jowett's translation. It is noticeable that this utterance, unsurpassed among the utterances of antiquity, has been placed by Plato in the mouth of a woman--the prophetess Diotima--with the express intention, as I think, of generalising it, and of raising it above the region of sexual passion. There is nothing else in antiquity resembling the position thus ascribed to Diotima in reference to Socrates,--the woman being represented as capable of raising the highest and of illumining the wisest soul.

[39] _Iliad_, xxii. 199; _Æneid_, xii. 908.

[40] See Dr. Féré in _Brain_ for January 1887.

[41] _De l'Intelligence_, vol. i. p. 119.

[42] _Archives de Médecine_, vol. i. 1876, p. 554.

[43] _An Experimental Study in Hypnotism_, by Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing, translated by Dr. C. G. Chaddock, p. 91.

[44] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1891, p. 302.

[45] _Les Rêves_, p. 135. This remarkable patient afforded examples of many forms of communication of memory between different states of personality. See pp. 192-200 for a conspectus of these complex recollections.

[46] _Revue de Médecine_, February 1892. A full account and discussion of the same case is contained in Dr. P. Janet's _Névroses et Idées fixes_, vol. i. pp. 116 _et seq._ [§413].

[47] See also _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 142 (October 1889), and _Proceedings_ of the American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 363 [415 A and B].

[48] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 507.

[49] Cædmon's poem was traditionally said to have come to him in like fashion.

[50] The reader will find many similar cases in the _Journal_ and _Proceedings_ of the S.P.R. Several are quoted in Appendices to Section 421 in the unabridged edition.

[51] The case of Mr. Boyle, investigated by Edmund Gurney and printed in S.P.R. _Journal_, vol. iii. pp. 265, 266 [§423], is interesting in this connection. In this case the vision, which recurred twice, was of a simple kind, and might be interpreted as an impression transferred from the mind of one waking to the mind of one asleep.

Again, the single dream which a man has noted down in all his life stands evidentially in almost as good a position as a single waking hallucination. For cases of this kind see _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 267 [§424]; _ibid._ vol. v. p. 61 [424 A]; _ibid._ vol. v. p. 252 [424 C]; and _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 443 [424 B].

[52] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 105 [428 A].

[53] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 154 [428 D].

The cases of Mrs. Manning (_Journal_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 100 [428 B]) and Mr. Newnham (_Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 225 [428 C]) are somewhat similar. See also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 444 [428 E] and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol viii. p. 128 [428 F].

[54] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 365; _ibid._, p. 453 [429 A and B].

[55] See, for example, _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 123 [429 F].

[56] Long ago Solon had said, apparently of mesmeric cure--

[Greek: Ton de kakais nousoisi kykômenon argaleais te
aphamenos cheiroin aipha tithês hygiê.]

[57] _Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme_ (Paris, 1811); _Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Establissement du Magnétisme Animal_; _Du Magnétisme Animal considéré dans ses Rapports avec diverses branches de la Physique Générale_; etc.

[58] See Nasse's _Zeitschrift für Hypnoitsmus_, _passim_.

[59] This later work of Braid's has been generally overlooked, and his theories were stated again as new discoveries by recent observers who ignored what he had already accomplished. See Dr. Bramwell's paper on "James Braid, his Work and Writings," in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 127-166. This contains a complete list of Braid's writings, and references to his work by other writers. See also the references to Braid's work and theories in Dr. Bramwell's _Hypnotism_.

[60] See also the _Zoist_ (Vol. viii. pp. 156, 297-299) for cases of mesmerisation of animals. In his _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, 1891 (pp. 246-68), Dr. Liébeault gives an account of his experiments with infants [513 B and C].

[61] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the subject. (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 213) [513 A].

[62] This view unfortunately dominates Professor M'Kendrick's article on "Hypnotism" in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

[63] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the inadequacy of this explanation in his article "What is Hypnotism?" in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 224, also in his book on _Hypnotism_ pp. 337-8.

[64] See Dr. Bramwell's _Hypnotism_, p. 274.

[65] I am inclined to think that this is always the case. For a long time the lethargic state was supposed at the Salpêtrière to preclude all knowledge of what was going on; and I have heard Charcot speak before a deeply-entranced subject as if there were no danger of her gathering hints as to what he expected her to do. I believe that his patients did subliminally receive such hints, and work them out in their own hypnotic behaviour. On the other hand, I have heard the late Dr. Auguste Voisin, one of the most persistent and successful of hypnotisers, make suggestion after suggestion to a subject apparently almost comatose,--which suggestions, nevertheless, she obeyed as soon as she awoke.

[66] According to Dr. Edgar Bérillon, who was the first systematically to apply the hypnotic method to the education of children (see his paper, "De la Suggestion envisagée au point de vue pédagogique" in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. i. (1887), p. 84), the percentage of those who can be hypnotised is more than 80, and he asserts that suggestibility varies directly as the intellectual development of the subject. He classes under four heads the affections which can be successfully treated by hypnotic suggestion. (See the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1895.)

(1) Psychical derangements caused by acute diseases; in particular, insomnia, restlessness, nocturnal delirium, incontrollable vomiting, incontinence of urine and of fæces.

(2) Functional affections connected with nervous disease: chorea, tics, convulsions, anæsthesiæ, contractures and hysterical paresis, hysterical hiccough, blepharospasm.

(3) Psychical derangements, such as habit of biting nails, precocious impulsive tendencies, nocturnal terrors, speaking in sleep, kleptomania, nervousness, shyness.

(4) Chorea, hysteria, epilepsy, or mental derangements considered as resulting from the combination of several nervous diseases.

Scattered about in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_ the reader will find numerous illustrative cases. Specially characteristic are those recorded in the number for July 1893, p. 11, and April 1895, p. 306.

For reports of hypnotic cure of onychophagy, see Bérillon, the articles already quoted; Bourdon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1895, p. 134; Bouffé, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1898, p. 76.

For reports of hypnotic cure of even graver habits, see Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-Thérapie_, p. 250; Bernheim, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1891, a case in which the habit had become quite automatic and irresistible, and where every other method of treatment had failed; also _De la Suggestion_; Schrenck-Notzing, _Die Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des Geschlechtssinnes_; Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1893, pp. 12, 14, 15; Bourdon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1895, pp. 136, 139, 140; Auguste Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1887, p. 151.

For cures of _enuresis nocturna_, see Liébeault, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1886, p. 71; Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1894, p. 359; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_; Paul Farez, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, August 1899, p. 53. This author recommends the method of suggestion in normal sleep.

Liébeault, in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_ for January 1889, gives twenty-two cases in which hypnotic suggestion was used in the moral education of children from the age of fourteen months upwards, with the aim of curing, _e.g._ the habit of lying, excessive developments of emotions, such as fear and anger, and precocious or depraved appetites; and of improving the normal faculties of attention and memory. He reports ten cures, eight improvements, and four failures.

For other cases of moral education, see Bérillon, _De la suggestion et de ses applications à la pédagogie_ (1887); _L'Hypnotisme et l'Orthopédie morale_ (1898); _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1887, pp. 169-180, and December 1897, p. 162; Bernheim, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1886, p. 129; Ladame, the same, June and July 1887; Voisin, the same, November 1888; De Jong, the same, September 1891; Bourdon, the same, August 1896; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_, p. 215. Nervous troubles in adults have often been cured by the same means. Thus, in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1899, p. 73, Dr. Vlavianos records a case of _tic convulsif_ cured by hypnotic suggestion. Wetterstrand has used the same method with success (_loc. cit._, p. 76). See also Janet, _Névroses et Idées Fixes_, vol. ii., part ii., chapter iii., "Les. Tics."

[67] See Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1890, p. 75, and February 1896, p. 237; Regis, the same, May 1896; De Jong, the same, September 1891, p. 82; and Auguste Voisin, the same, November 1888, p. 130.

[68] See Otto Wetterstrand, _Der Hypnotismus und seine Anwendung in der praktischen Medicin_; Georg Ringier, _Erfolge des therapeutischen Hypnotismus in der Landpraxis_; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_; Auguste Forel, _Einige therapeutische Versuche mit dem Hypnotismus bei Geisteskranken_; Lloyd Tuckey, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1897, p. 207; Ladame, Revue de l'Hypnotisme, November 1887, p. 131, and December 1887, p. 165; A. Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. ii. (1888), p. 69, and vol. iii. (1889), p. 353; Vlavianos, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1899, p. 361; Neilson, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. vi. (1892), p. 17. Bérillon, _Le traitement psychologique de L'Alcoolisme_. Paris 1906. See also the works of Liébeault, Bernheim, and Milne Bramwell.

[69] There are many instances of the cure of morphinomania. See especially the case recorded by Dr. Marot in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, February 1893, on account of the psychological interest of the patient's own remarks.

Wetterstrand, out of fourteen cases, records eleven cures of morphinomania. In a paper in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1890, he discusses the benefit of prolonged hypnosis--causing the patient to sleep for a week or more at a time--which he tried in one case. See also Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1886, p. 163.

[70] See Dr. A. Dorez, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, May 1899, p. 345; and Dr. Bourdon, the same, November 1893, p. 141 [557 A].

[71] Dr. Hill, _British Medical Journal_, July 4th, 1891.

[72] In some articles in the _Revue Philosophique_, published in 1886 and 1887, Delboeuf describes some experiments which suggest that in many of the remarkable hypnotic cures recorded in the _Zoist_ (as well as in modern cases) the removal of pain was probably an important element in the cure; see _e.g._ cures of inflammation (_Zoist_, vol. x. p. 347); of neuralgia and chronic rheumatism (vol. ix. pp. 76-79); of abdominal pains (vol. ix. p. 155); of tic douloureux (vol. viii. p. 186); of severe headaches (vol. x. p. 369); of eczema impetiginodes (vol. x. p. 96).

The general subject of hypnotic analgesia is strikingly illustrated by Esdaile's well-known work in the Indian hospitals; see his books, _Mesmerism in India_ (London, 1846); _The Introduction of Mesmerism with Sanction of Government into the Public Hospitals of India_ (2nd edit. London, 1856); _Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_ (London, 1852); and constant references to him in the _Zoist_.

For later cases see _British Medical Journal_, April 5th, 1890, p. 801; the same, February 28th, 1891, pp. 460-468.

See also Van Renterghem and Van Eeden's _Psycho-thérapie_, pp. 262-280.

See also the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 21, and the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1891, p. 132; the same, 1895, p. 300; and for the discussion of a very interesting recent case of the cure of _sycosis menti_, see Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1896, p. 195; Delboeuf, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, February 1896, p. 225; Durand (de Gros), _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, 1896, p. 37. It was also quoted in the _British Medical Journal_ for November 16th, 1895.

[73] See the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, August 1887.

[74] See the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 209 [535 A].

[75] See the _Revue Philosophique_, 1886.

[76] See the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 193 [535 B].

[77] For cases bearing on this subject see Dr. Liébeault's _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, pp. 64 _et seq._; the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1893; and _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 177 [538 A and B].

[78] _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, pp. 64 _et seq._

[79] See the _Revue Philosophique_, November 1886. The same case is discussed in _Mind_ for January 1887 [539 A].

[80] Nagel suggests that there may have been at a certain stage _mixed sense-organs_, by means of which two or three sensations were perceived simultaneously.

[81] For a circumstantial English account of the well-known case of Louise Lateau, see _Macmillan's Magazine_, vol. xxiii. p. 488 _et seq._

Three cases of the production of cruciform marks reported by Dr. Biggs, of Lima, appeared in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100.

Another remarkable American case of stigmatisation was reported in the _Courier-Journal_, Louisville, Ky., December 7th, 1891, on the authority of Dr. M. F. Coomes and several other physicians.

See also the case of Ilma S. recorded in Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing's _Experimental Study in Hypnotism_.

Dr. P. Janet describes somewhat similar experiments in _L'Automatisme Psychologique_ (see p. 166 _et seq._).

Again, somewhat similar is a case recorded by Dr. J. Rybalkin in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1890 (p. 361), in which a post-hypnotic suggestion to the subject to burn his arm at a stove--really unlighted--produced blisters as of a burn.

Hæmorrhage and bleeding stigmata were several times produced in the famous subject, Louis Vivé, by verbal suggestion alone. (Drs. Bourru and Burot, _Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie_, July 12th, 1885; and Dr. Mabille, _Progrès Médical_, August 29th, 1885.)

Professor Beaunis (_Recherches Expérimentales_, etc., Paris, 1886, p. 29) produced redness and cutaneous congestion in his subject, Mlle. A. E., by suggestion, and the experiment was repeated on the same subject by the present writer and Edmund Gurney in September 1885 (see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 167).

It appears that there is at present at the Salpêtrière a _stigmatisée_, the development of whose stigmata has been watched by Dr. Janet under copper shields with glass windows inserted in them (_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1900, p. 190).

Other cases are recorded in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1890, p. 353; the same February 1892, p. 251 [543 A to H].

[82] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 268-323 [551 A].

[83] Professor Fontan's experiments described in the _Revue Philosophique_, August 1887, cannot lightly be set aside. An account of his experiments is given in _Proceedings_ S. P. R. vol. ii. p. 263-268. [549 D]. See also the works of Pététin, Durand, Foissac, and Despine, especially _Observations de Médecine Pratique_, pp. 45, 62, and _Étude Scientifique sur Somnambulisme_, p. 167.

[84] See _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100 [543 B].

[85] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 176-203 [551 C].

[86] _Revue Philosophique_, September 1888 [552 A].

[87] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. vi. p. 357 [553 A].

[88] For illustrative instances see _Brain_, Summer Number 1900, p. 207, _Revue de l' Hypnotisme_, January 1889, and Bérillon, _De la suggestion et de ses applications à la pédagogie_ (1887) [553 B]. See also Bérillon, _La Psychologie du Courage et l'Éducation du Caractère_. Paris 1905.

[89] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 204-58 [555 B]. See also his book on _Hypnotism_, pp. 425-32.

[90] See also the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1889, September 1890, November 1886, November 1888, for cases reported by Liébeault, Bérillon, Bernheim, and Voisin.

[91] See Mr. Fryer's paper on "The Welsh Revival of 1904-5," in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xix. p. 80.

[92] See Puységur, _Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme_ (Paris, 1811); Pététin, _Electricité Animale_ (Paris, 1808); Despine, _Observations de Médecine Pratique_ (1838), and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 333.

[93] _Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_, pp. 227-28; quoted in _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 88.

[94] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. (1888), pp. 14-17. [569 A.]

[95] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 536-596. [569 B.]

[96] Beginning with cases partly retrocognitive, the leader is referred to _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 30-99; _Zoist_, vol. vii. pp. 95-101 [572 A and B].

[97] The longest and most important series of experiments in thought-transference with hypnotised subjects, carried out by members of the S.P.R., are those of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick. _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 128-70; and vol. viii. pp. 536-96 [573 A].

[98] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 199-220; Dr. Fahnestock's _Statuvolism_, pp. 117-35, 221-32 [573 B, C and D].

[99] _Zoist_, vol. xii. pp. 249-52 [573 F].

[100] See "Mind-Cure, Faith-Cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes," by A. T. Myers, M.D., F.R.C.P., and F. W. H. Myers, _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. pp. 160-210.

[101] For a true synæsthetic or "sound-seer,"--to take the commonest form of these central repercussions of sensory shock,--there is a connection between sight and sound which is instinctive, complex, and yet for our intelligence altogether arbitrary.

But sound-seeing is only a conspicuous example of synæsthesiæ which exist in as yet unexplored variety. When we find that there are gradated, peremptory, inexplicable associations connecting sensations of light and colour with sensations of temperature, smell, taste, muscular resistance, etc., we are led to conclude that we are dealing, not with the casual associations of childish experience, but with some reflection or irradiation of specialised sensations which must depend upon the connate structure of the brain itself.

This view is consistent with the results of an _Enquête sur l'audition colorée_ recently conducted by Professor Flournoy, from which it appears that of 213 persons presenting these associations only 48 could assign the date of their origin; and is supported by a case described in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1892, p. 185, where a man who had long exhibited a limited form of _audition colorée_ developed _gustation colorée_ in addition when in a low state of health.

See also the "Report of the International Congress of Experimental Psychology, Second Session, London, 1892," pp. 10-20 (Williams & Norgate, London, 1892), and the _American Journal of Psychology_ for April 1900 (vol. xi. pp. 377-404).

[102] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 480 [610 A].

[103] The "Census of Hallucinations" was undertaken in 1889, by a Committee of the S.P.R., under the direction of Professor Sidgwick, and consisting of himself and Mrs. Sidgwick, Dr. A. T. Myers, Mr. F. Podmore, Miss A. Johnson, and the present writer. The full report of the committee was published in 1894. (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 25-422.) A summary of the report is given in the original edition. [612 A.]

[104] For prehistoric and historic crystal-gazing see Mr. Andrew Lang's _Making of Religion_, and Miss Goodrich-Freer's "Recent Experiments in Crystal-Vision," _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 486 [620 A].

[105] It is right also to state, although I cannot here discuss the problems involved, that I believe these visions to be sometimes seen by more than one person, simultaneously or successively.

[106] See also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 263-283; vol. ii. pp. 1-5, 24-42, 189-200; vol. iii. pp. 424-452, where a full record will be found of Mr. Malcolm Guthrie's experiments [630 B]. Also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 2-17 [630 C], for Mr. Henry G. Rawson's experiments. Others are recorded in the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 161-167 and 174-215. See also those of Herr Max Dessoir (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 111, and vol. v. p. 355); Herr Anton Schmoll and M. Etienne Mabire (_ibid._ vol. iv. p. 324 and vol. v. p. 169); Mr. J. W. Smith (_ibid._ vol. ii. p. 207); Sir Oliver Lodge (_ibid._ vol. vii. p. 374); Dr. A. Blair Thaw (_ibid._ vol. viii. p. 422); Dr. von Schrenck-Notzing (_ibid._ vol. vii. p. 3); Professor Richet (_ibid._ vol. v. p. 18). See also _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. pp. 32-34, and vol. ii. pp. 653-654. Also the experiments of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick (_Proceedings_, vol. vi. and vol. viii.) already referred to in Chapter V.

[107] See Mr. F. Podmore's _Apparitions and Thought-transference_,