Chapter III: Ibrahim the Diplomat

Turkish foreign relations 54

Ragusa—Venice—Russia 55

The Holy Roman Empire 56

France—the Popes 57

Embassies to the Porte 59

The Hungarian campaign—siege of Vienna 61

Contest of Ferdinand and Zapolya 61

Commercial treaty with France 64

Second Hungarian campaign 65

Treaty with Ferdinand 67

War with Persia—conquest of the Mediterranean 68

The Protectorate of France in the Levant 69

Diplomatic relations between the Porte and Europe 70

Ibrahim’s preparation as diplomat 71

Ibrahim’s reception of ambassadors 72

Ibrahim’s importance and influence 82

Object and accomplishments of Turkish diplomacy 87

First entrance of Turkey into European diplomacy 87

Ibrahim’s influence over Suleiman 88

Characterization of Ibrahim as diplomat 89

CHAPTER IV

IBRAHIM THE GENERAL

Campaign against Belgrad 90

Siege of Rhodes 90

Ceremonial of preparation for war 90

Organization of the Turkish army 91

Capture of Peterwardein 95

Battle of Mohacz 96

Capture of Buda and end of campaign 97

Campaign of Vienna 100

Suleiman’s first defeat 102

Siege of Güns—practical defeat 103

War with Persia 105

Advance to Bagdad and end of campaign 106

Characterization of Ibrahim as general 107

CHAPTER V

IBRAHIM’S FALL

Death of Ibrahim 108

Charges against Ibrahim 110

Said to favor the Christians 110

Quarrel with Iskender Chelebi 112

Suleiman evades his oath 113

Uncertainty of life near the Ottoman throne 114

Was Ibrahim a traitor? 115

Ibrahim’s importance in Turkish history 118