Chapter XXXIV: Appendix: K--MEASUREMNETS--(Continued) (1)

+----+--------------------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+ | No.| Nicobarese. | Height.| Fathom.| Chest. | Length | Length | | | | | | | of Arm. | of | | | | | | | | Hand. | | | | | | | | | +----+--------------------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+ | | [Male] | | | | | | | 1 | Kar Nicobarese, | 65 | 66 | 34-1/4 | 28-3/16 | 7-1/8 | | 2 | " | 66 | 69 | 39-1/8 | 29-7/8 | 7-3/8 | | 3 | " | 63 | 67 | 35 | 28-7/16 | 6-7/8 | | 4 | " | 65-1/4 | 66 | 35-3/4 | 28-7/16 | 7-3/8 | | 5 | " | 64-1/4 | 68-3/4 | 34-1/4 | ... | 7-3/4 | | 6 | " | 63-3/8 | 66-1/4 | 33 | ... | 6-7/8 | | 7 | " | 65-1/8 | 66-1/8 | 33-1/2 | ... | 7-3/4 | | 8 | " | 66-3/4 | 66-1/2 | 36-1/4 | 28-3/16 | 7-3/8 | | 9 | " | 64 | 65-1/2 | 36 | 27-7/16 | 6-7/8 | | 10 | " | 70-3/4 | 72 | 38-1/4 | 30-3/8 | 8-1/8 | | 11 | " | 63 | 65-1/2 | 36-1/2 | 28-3/8 | 7-1/8 | | 12 | " | 65-7/8 | 66-1/4 | 37-1/4 | 27 | 6-7/8 | | 13 | " | 66-3/4 | 69 | 33-3/8 | 29-1/8 | 7-3/8 | | 14 | " | 63-1/2 | 64-3/4 | 34-3/4 | 27-3/16 | 7-1/8 | | 15 | " | 61-1/4 | 64-1/2 | 34-3/4 | 27-1/2 | 6-7/8 | | | [Male] | | | | | | | 16 | Great Nicobarese, aet. 40 | 65-7/8 | 70-1/2 | 28-3/4 | 30-3/8 | 8-3/8 | | 17 | " " 45 | 63-7/8 | 67-3/8 | 34-1/8 | 29-7/16 | 7-5/8 | | 18 | " " 40 | 61-3/4 | 61-3/4 | 33-7/8 | 27-1/2 | 7 | | 19 | " " 19 | 60-3/4 | 64-3/4 | 29-3/8 | 27-1/2 | 7-3/8 | | 20 | " " 25 | 64-1/8 | 67-1/8 | 35-3/4 | 29-11/16| 8-1/8 | | 21 | " " 18 | 59-3/4 | 60-3/4 | 32-3/8 | 26-1/2 | 7-5/8 | | 22 | " " 50 | 67-1/2 | 69-1/4 | 37-1/8 | 30-1/4 | 8 | | 23 | " " 35 | 64-3/4 | 66-1/4 | 38-1/8 | 28-3/4 | 7-1/2 | | 24 | " " 55 | 60-3/8 | 64-1/4 | ... | 27-1/4 | 7 | | 25 | " " 28 | 62-3/4 | 65-1/4 | 38-1/4 | 28-1/4 | 7 | | 26 | " " 35 | 62-1/4 | 65-1/4 | 35-1/8 | 27-1/4 | 7-1/4 | | 27 | " " 22 | 64-1/4 | 64-1/4 | 35-1/8 | 27-3/4 | 7-1/2 | | 28 | " " 19 | 60-1/4 | 59-7/8 | 35-5/8 | 25-1/4 | 7 | | 29 | " " 55 | 64-3/4 | 66-1/4 | 34-5/8 | 28-3/4 | 7-3/4 | | 30 | " " 40 | 59-1/4 | 64-1/4 | 34-5/8 | 28-1/4 | 7 | | 31 | " " 30 | 62-3/4 | 63-1/4 | 36-1/8 | 26-3/4 | 7-1/4 | | 32 | " " 40 | 64-1/4 | 66-1/8 | 34-1/8 | 28-3/4 | 7-1/4 | | 33 | " " 40 | 64-1/4 | 65-3/4 | 37-7/8 | 27-3/4 | 7-3/8 | | 34 | " " 35 | 64-1/2 | 66-3/4 | 39-7/8 | 28-3/4 | 7-3/4 | | 35 | " " 20 | 63-1/4 | 66-1/4 | 35-1/8 | 27-1/4 | 7-1/2 | | 36 | " " 30 | 62-7/8 | 66-3/4 | 37-5/8 | 28-1/4 | 7-1/2 | | 37 | " " 25 | 61-3/8 | 65-1/4 | 35-7/8 | 26-3/4 | 7-1/4 | | 38 | " " 40 | 66 | 69 | 37-7/8 | 29-1/4 | 7-3/4 | | 39 | " " 40 | 62 | 62-7/8 | 36-1/8 | 26-3/4 | 7-1/4 | +----+--------------------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+ | | Average adult male, | 63.9 | 66.1 | 35.3 | 28.1 | 7.3 | | | Nicobarese | | | | | | +----+--------------------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+

+----+---------+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------------+ | No.| Length | Length | Girth of | Girth of | Girth of | | | | of Leg. | of Foot. | Biceps, | Forearm. | Calf. | Remarks. | | | | | Contracted.| Arm | | | | | | | | Straight | | | +----+---------+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------------+ | | | | | | | | | 1 | 39-1/8 | 9-5/16 | 11-3/4 | 10-1/8 | 13-7/16 | | | 2 | 38-5/8 | 10 | 13-1/4 | 11 | 14-11/16 | | | 3 | 36-1/4 | 9-9/16 | 10-1/2 | 10-1/8 | 13 | | | 4 | 38-3/8 | 9-13/16 | 12-3/4 | 10-7/8 | 14-3/16 | | | 5 | 38 | 10-5/16 | 12 | 10-1/4 | 13-15/16 | | | 6 | 38 | 9-1/8 | 11-1/4 | 10-1/2 | 13-13/16 | | | 7 | 39-1/4 | 9-9/16 | 11-3/4 | 10-7/8 | 14-1/16 | | | 8 | 37-1/4 | 9-13/16 | 12-1/4 | 10-3/4 | 13-3/4 | | | 9 | 38-1/4 | 9-13/16 | 11-3/4 | 10-1/8 | 13-1/4 | | | 10 | 41-1/8 | 11 | 12 | 11-1/4 | 14-5/8 | | | 11 | 36-1/2 | 10-1/16 | 11-3/4 | 10-5/16 | 13-1/4 | | | 12 | 36-3/4 | 10-1/16 | 12-1/2 | 10-3/4 | 14-3/16 | | | 13 | 38-1/4 | 10-1/16 | 10-1/8 | 9-5/8 | 12-1/4 | | | 14 | 35-7/8 | 9-13/16 | 10-9/16 | 9-3/8 | 13 | | | 15 | 35-7/8 | 9-13/16 | 10-13/16 | 10-1/8 | 13-15/16 | | | | | | | | | | | 16 | 39-11/16| 10-9/16 | ... | ... | ... | | | 17 | 38 | 9-13/16 | ... | ... | ... | | | 18 | 36 | 9-3/8 | ... | ... | ... | | | 19 | 34-1/8 | 9-7/16 | ... | ... | ... | | | 20 | 38-1/2 | 10-5/16 | ... | ... | ... | | | 21 | 34-3/8 | 9-1/8 | 11-1/2 | 10-1/2 | 13-1/2 | | | 22 | 39-1/2 | 10 | 13 | 11-1/4 | 15 | | | 23 | 36-1/8 | 9-7/8 | 12 | 10-1/2 | 14-1/2 | | | 24 | 34-1/8 | 9 | 10-1/2 | 9-1/2 | 12-1/2 | Hernia. | | 25 | 36-7/8 | 9-1/4 | 12 | 10-1/2 | 13-1/4 | | | 26 | 37-5/8 | 9-3/4 | 11-1/2 | 10-1/4 | 13-3/4 | | | 27 | 35-5/8 | 10-1/4 | 11-1/4 | 10 | 14-1/2 | | | 28 | 34-5/8 | 9-1/2 | 12 | 10 | 13-1/2 | | | 29 | 36-5/8 | 10-1/4 | 11 | 9-1/4 | 13-1/4 | | | 30 | 35-5/8 | 9-1/2 | ... | ... | ... | | | 31 | 35-3/8 | 9-1/4 | 13-1/2 | 11-1/2 | 15-1/4 | | | 32 | 34-5/8 | 9-1/2 | 11-1/2 | 10 | 13. | | | 33 | 35-7/8 | 9-3/4 | 13-3/4 | 11-3/4 | 14-3/4 | | | 34 | 34-7/8 | 10 | 14-1/4 | 12-1/2 | 16. | | | 35 | 37-3/8 | 9-1/2 | 12 | 10 | 13. | | | 36 | 35-7/8 | 9-1/2 | 13 | 11 | 13-3/4 | | | 37 | 33-1/8 | 9-1/2 | 12-1/2 | 10-1/2 | 13-1/2 | | | 38 | 38-1/8 | 10 | 13-1/2 | 11 | 13-3/4 | | | 39 | 34-5/8 | 9-1/2 | 12-3/4 | 11-1/2 | 13-3/4 | | +----+---------+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------------+ | | 36.9 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 10.5 | 13.8 | inches. | | | | | | | | | +----+---------+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------------+

INDEX

A. = "Andamanese" or "Andaman Islands"
N. = "Nicobarese" or "Nicobar Islands"
K.N. = "Kar Nicobarese" or "Kar Nicobar"
S.P. = "Shom Pe[.n]"

Aborigines of the Andaman Islands, the
Seclusion, 173, 184
Remote migration, 184
Predatory voyages, 215
Kitchen-middens, 184

Aborigines of the Nicobar Islands, the
Inhabitants of Nicobars two distinct ethnical groups, 215
The Shom Pe[.n], 215-220
Derivation, 215-217
Population, 215
Hostility to Nicobarese, 76, 215, 220
Appearance, 217, 218
Measurements of some Shom Pe[.n], 353, 354
Disposition, 220
Language, 220
Comparison of some Shom Pe[.n] and Nicobarese words, 155
Diseases, 220
Headmen, 219
Position of women, 220
Respective occupations of the sexes, 220
Rattan collecting, 219, 220
Dress and ornaments, 219
Huts, 218
Gardens, 218
Domestic animals, 219
Water-supply, 220
Trade, 219
Cultivations, 218
Manufactures, 219
Cloth, 219
Spears, 219, 243, 244
Baskets, 219
Cooking-vessel, 219
A possible origin of pottery, 219.
_see_ "Great Nicobar"

Adoption, custom of, N., 84

_Ai-yu-a-kare_, K.N., 302

Aka-Balawa, tribe of, A., 17, 342

Ambergris, N., 252, 279

_Amhai_, K.N., 299

Amok, causes of, 312
Instances of, N., 312

Amusements, Port Blair, A., 20

Amusements, N., 251

_Amutna Kuv_, K.N., 302, 303

Anchorages. _See_ under names of islands

Andaman, Great. _See_ "Great Andaman"

Andaman Islands, the, 168
Position, 167
Relationship, 167, 168, 171, 321, 327
Soundings, 168, 320
Coral banks, 170
Area, 168
Geology, 174, 175, 176
Minerals, 176
Subsidence, 176
Volcanic action, 174
Earthquakes, 176
Climate, 173
Rainfall, 173
Temperature, 173
Cyclones, 174
Average wind and weather, 335
Scenery, 170
Mountains, 169
Harbours, 171
Flora, 171, 172
Principal forest trees, 336-338
Fauna
Birds, 326-328
List of, occurring in the Andamans, 328-331
Mammals, 322-324
Synopsis of mammalian fauna, 325
History, 176-184
Origin of the name Andaman, 176
First known reference, 177
Chinese records, 177
Accounts of Arab travellers (A.D. 871), 177
Accounts of Marco Polo (thirteenth century), 177
Master Caesar Frederike (sixteenth century), 178
Dr Gemelli (seventeenth century), 178
Captain Alexander Hamilton (eighteenth century), 179, 180
Hon. East India Company's expeditions, 180
Establishment of a Penal Settlement (1789), 180
Transfer of the Penal Settlement (1792), 180
Colonel Syme's report (1795), 181
Abandonment of Settlement (1796), 181
Nineteenth century details, 181
Attempt at colonisation (1849), 181, 182
Dr Mouat's Commission (1857), 183
Re-establishment of Penal Settlement, 183
Andamans formed in a Commissionership with Nicobars (1871), 184
Natural products, 172, 199, 341
List of the more useful and valuable woods, 339
Cultivations, 172, 198, 200
Industries, 171, 172, 198, 199, 200, 339, 340, 341
Exports, 199, 339, 340
The Penal System, 193-199
Population, 192
Foreign residents, 342
Census (1901), 342
(For inhabitants, _see_ "The Andamanese."
_See_ also "The Archipelago," "Barren Island," "The Cinques,"
"Great Andaman," "Little Andaman," "Narkondam," "Port Blair,"
"Rutland Island," "South Andaman.")

Andaman, Little. _See_ "Little Andaman"

Andaman, South. _See_ "South Andaman"

Andaman Strait, 168, 169

Andamanese, the
Aborigines, seclusion of, 173, 184
Remote migration, 184
Kitchen-middens, 184
Predatory voyages, 215
Tribal division, 190, 192, 342
Hostility, 190-192
The Andamanese as enemies, 34
Effects of contact with civilisation, 192
Education, 187
Average duration of life, 187
Infant mortality, 192
Diseases, 40, 187
Appearance, 185, 186
Average height, 342
Weight, 342
Measurements of some Andamanese, 344
Disposition, 187
Dress, 188
Dialects, 186
Grammar, 186
Weapons and implements, 184, 189
Huts, 46
Food, 190
Position of women, 187
Customs, 187, 188
Belief in spirits, 188
Credence in wizardry, 188
Christian traditions, 189
Musical instrument, 189
Specimens of songs, 189
Manufactures, 189
Articles found to be in demand for presents and barter, 352
(_See_ "Aka-Balawa," "Jarawas" "Oenges," and under "Port Blair")

_Anoi-ila_, K.N., 295

_Anula Kopah_, K.N., 292
Account of this ceremony as carried out at Lapati, K.N., 293

Archipelago, the (Andaman Islands)
General topography, 15
Aka-Balawa, tribe of, 17
Birds, 16, 17
Rats, 17

Area. _See_ under names of islands

Arrows, A., 24, 25, 33, 34, 42; N., 245

Arts, N., 251

Austin Strait, A., 168

Babies, mode of carrying, A., 24

Banian trees, N., 122

Barren Island
Relationship, 174
Elevation, 169
General topography, 10-13
Anchorage, 11
Landing-place, 11
Hot spring, 11
Interior of the crater, 12, 13
Eruptive cone, 12
Volcanic activity, 13, 14
Lava, 12
Goats, 12
Rats, 14
Crabs, 14
Fish, 14
Birds, 14

Barter, articles found to be in demand for presents, etc., A.N., 352

Baskets, A., 33; K.N., 48; S.P., 219

Bat camp, a (_Pteropus nicobaricus_), N., 133

Bats (_Hipposideros nicobarulae_), 126, 127
Fruit (_Pteropus nicobaricus_), 70, 133, 134
Attempt to rear young, 134.
_See_ "Mammals," and under names of islands

Batti Malv, N., 66

Beach formation, A., 37

Belief concerning Chaura pots, N., 107;
eclipses, N., 307
In evil spirits, N., 123
In spirits, A., 188

Beliefs, superstitious, N., 231-234

Bench seats, N., 52

Beresford Channel, N., 72, 73

Betel chewing, N., 49, 248
Effect of, 147
Quids, 219, 248

Beverages, N., 247

Birds, A., N., 326-331. _See_ also under names of islands

Bird's Nest Cape, A., 29

Bird's nests, edible, A., 29

Blyth's dove (_Macropygia rufipennis_), N., 111

Body decoration, A., 24, 32, 34, 39; N., 249

Bompoka
General topography, 103, 105
Area, 105
Population, 105
Water, 105
Plantations, 105
Native legend concerning formation of, 105
Natives of, compared with Kar Nicobarese, 104
Hamilton's account of the Somerera Islands, 105

Botanic appearance, general, N., 109, 207

Bows, A., 24, 25, 33, 34, 42; N., 245

British possession, marks of, N., 97

British punitive expedition, N., 93

Buffalo, N., 99

Building materials, Nicobars rich in, 205

Bulbul, crested, A., 35

Bumila creek, A., 38

Burial ceremonies. _See_ "Kar Nicobarese ceremonies and observances"

Burial customs, N., 113, 124

Butterflies, N., 126

Camping out in Great Nicobar, 163

Canoe building, N., 160
Decoration, N., 79
Masts, N., 79
Outrigger, N., 54
Paddles, N., 54
Sails, N., 79
Buying, ceremonies accompanying, N., 309
Mishaps, N., 308, 317
Sequel to the loss of a M[=u]s, 296
Reception of the M[=u]s racing, after a death in the village, 299
Processions, N., 251
Offerings, N., 295, 296

Canoes, A., 41; N., 53, 54, 60, 79
Custom of feeding, N., 85
Chaura natives middlemen in buying and selling, 308

"Captains," N., 58

Casuarina Bay, N., 144, 149, 151

Cattle, semi-wild, N., 47, 74, 75

Caves, Little Nicobar, 126, 127

Cellular jail, A., 21.
_See_ "Viper Jail," "The Andamanese Penal System"

Cemetery, Kamorta, N., 95

Census, A., 342; N., 350

Ceremonial, decay of, N., 124

Ceremonies and observances.
_See_ "Kar Nicobarese ceremonies and observances," "The Andamanese,"
and "The Nicobarese"

Chang-ngeh, N., 161

Character of the locally-born young generation at Port Blair, A., 344

Charms, N., 83, 85, 116, 124, 132, 143

Chaura, 106
Termed Sombrero, 106
Hamilton's Account of the Somerera Islands, 105
Area, 106
Population, 106
Decrease of, 350
Anchorage, 106
Trade, 106
Monopolies, 107, 308
Pots, 108
Process of making, 107, 108
Nicobarese belief concerning, 107
Pottery kiln, 108
Natives, 106, 308
Believed to be exponents of wizardry, 296
Feeling of Kar Nicobarese towards, 308
Middlemen in canoe buying and selling, 308
Door mats, 106
Fruit, 106
Extortion of Chaura middlemen, 308

Children, position of, N., 242

Chital, N., 100

_Chitt_, N., 56

Christian traditions, A., 189

Cinques, the
General topography, 36, 37
Geology, 175
Anchorage, 36
Beach formation, 37
Effect of S.W. monsoon, 37
Native camp, 37
Hut, 37

Civilisation, effects of contact with, A., 192

Cleanliness, N., 248

Climate, A., 173; N., 205, 206

Cloth, Shom Pe[.n], 145, 146, 219

Coal, N., 204

Cocktail, a new, 89

Coconut oil, mode of extracting, 52
Toddy, 247

Coconuts, mode of obtaining, 139
Carrying, 139
Opening, 63

Coco palms, legendary origin of, N., 230
Peculiarity of, N., 128
Absence of, in Andamans, 172

Cocos Islands, 172
History of an attempt at colonisation, 181, 182

_Coiffure._ _See_ under names of islands

Colonel Temple, C.C., at Port Blair, A., 21

Commercial occupations, K.N., 318, 319

Communication with Andamans, 200

Communication and transport, local, N., 253

Convict Settlement on Kamorta, traces of the old, N., 95

Convicts. _See_ "Port Blair" and "The Andamanese Penal System"

Cooking-vessel, Shom Pe[.n], 148, 219
A possible origin of pottery, 219

Coral, N., 80
Banks, A., 170; N., 201
Reefs, 16

Courtship, N., 238-240

Crabs, A., 14; N., 55, 62, 70, 129

Crater, interior of the, Barren Island, 12, 13

Creeks, mangrove, N., 80

Crocodile, N., 69

Crossbow accidents, K.N., 317

Crows, A., 17

Cuckoo (_Centropus andamanensis_), A., 16

Cultivations. _See_ under names of islands

Customs. _See_ under names of islands

Cyclones, A., 174; N., 206

Dagmar River, N., 149, 153

Dalrymple Bank, 170

Dampier's sojourn on Great Nicobar, 212

Dampier's voyage from Great Nicobar to Acheen in a canoe, 254

Dampier's "Voyages," extract concerning his escape from the privateer
_Cygnet of London_, 255, 256, 260-262
Concerning his sojourn in Great Nicobar, 263-267
Concerning his voyage from Great Nicobar to Acheen, 267-275
Concerning the Nicobars and inhabitants generally, 256, 257
Concerning Great Nicobar and inhabitants, 257-267

Dance music, N., 87

Dances, Nankauri, 87
Kar Nicobar, 289, 309

Dead, converse with the, K.N., 296

Death Ceremony, Kachal, 116
Similar Malay custom, 116
Among the Arafuras, 304

De Roeepstorff, F. H., murder of, 96

_De[=u]shi_, cf. _Henta_, N., 116

"Devil expelling," N., 64

"Devil-expelling" leaves, 303

"Devils, scare-," N., 83, 85, 124

Dialects. _See_ "Language"

Diseases, A., 40, 187; N., 159, 235; S.P., 145, 152, 220

Disinterment customs, N., 51. _See_ "Exhumation"

Dislike to strangers, K.N., 317

Divorce, N., 237

Dog-hobble, S.P., 144

Domeat, 154

Domestic animals, N., 219, 243; S.P., 219
Feeding, 79

Domestic pigeons, K.N., 47

Door mats, Chaura, 106

Drainage, Great Andaman, 169

Dress. _See_ under names of islands

Dring Harbour, N., 98

Drongo, black racquet-tailed (_Dissemuroides andamanensis_), A., 30

Duncan Passage, the, A., 36

Earthquakes, A., 176; N., 205
Felt at Kar Nicobar, 205

Eclipses, belief concerning, N., 307
Custom during, 307

Education, effects of, on Andamanese, 187;
on Nicobarese, 57, 59, 89

Eggs, megapodes', N., 70

Electro-plate possessed by Nicobarese, 81
Prices given for, 81

Elevation, possible result of, N., 73

_Elpanam_, N., 50, 240

Elton, Captain, drowned at Trinkat, Sambelong, 154

Empress Peak, 120

_Enwan-ng'i_, K.N., 295

Eruptive cone on Barren Island, 12

Expedition Harbour, 98
Reputed headquarters of piratical savages, 98

Exhumation ceremonies, account of, N., 82, 83.
_See_ "Disinterment"

Exports, A., 199, 339, 340

Fauna, A.N., 322-331. _See_ also under names of islands

Feasts, K.N., 50

Festival, a, N., 86-88
Preparations for a, 80, 81, 86
Interior of a house prepared for, 81

Fever invariably contracted in Great Nicobar, 112, 254, 255

Fish, A., 14; N., 116, 136, 137

Fishing, N., 55, 116, 136, 137, 245, 246
Traps, 245, 246
Weirs, 246

Flags, native, N., 80

Flat rock, 170

Flattening the occiput, custom of, N., 226

Floods, ceremonies to subdue, N., 51

Flora, A., 171, 172; N., 207, 208, 345-349
Principal forest trees of the Andamans, 336-338.
And _see_ under names of islands

Flycatcher, Nicobar, N., 74, 135.

Food supply. _See_ under names of islands

Foot-brush, N., 247

Ford's Peak, A., 169

Foreign residents, A., 342

Forest hawk (_Astur butleri_), N., 62; (_Astur soloensis_), N., 128

_Fota elmot_, K.N., 306

Frank Thompson, N., 57

"Friend of England," N., 52, 55-57, 311, 312

Fruit, N., 49, 64, 91, 106

Fuel, K.N., 48

Galathea River, N., 161-164

Ganges Harbour, N., 136, 137, 205

Gardens, K.N., 307
Origin of, 307
Destruction of, 307
Shom Pe[.n], 218

Geology, A., 174-176; N., 202-204

_Gnunota_, K.N., 296

Goats, Barren Island, 12

Government agency clearing, K.N., 47, 54

Government settlement. _See_ Port Blair History of, 180, 181, 183

Government schools, Port Blair, 343, 344

Great Andaman
General topography, 168, 169, 170
Mountains, 169
Saddle Hill, 169
Drainage, 169
Harbours, 171
Straits dividing, 168, 169.
_See_ also "South Andaman," "Rutland Island," "Port Blair,"
"Port Cornwallis"

Great Nicobar, 141
Area, 141
Mountains, 141
Rivers, 142
Peculiarity of coco palms, 128
Water, 152
Malaria, 112, 254, 255
Population, coastal, 142
Shom Pe[.n], 142
Dialect, 121
Trade, 143
Prices, 143
Dampier's "Voyages," extract concerning Great Nicobar and
inhabitants, 257-267

Great Nicobar (North Coast)
General topography, 133-138, 205
Land subsidence, 136, 137
Ganges Harbour, 136, 137, 205
Anchorage, 132
Up a creek, 133
Mount Thuillier, 138, 141
Jubilee River, 138
Water, 135, 137, 139
Traces of Shom Pe[.n], 134, 136, 137
Fauna
Birds, 135-137
Water birds, 138
Sunbirds' nests, 133
Mammals, 135-138
A bat camp, 133
Fruit bats, 133, 134
Attempt to rear young bats, 134
Fish, 136-137
Fishing, 136-137
Turtle, 138

Great Nicobar (West Coast)
General topography, 141, 142, 144
Pulo Kunyi, 142, 143, 145, 146
Harbour, 142
Anchorage, 142
Inhabitants, 142, 143
Decline of population, 149
Charm, 143
Casuarina Bay, 144, 149, 151
Mudfish, 149
Dagmar River, 149, 153
Kopenheat, 150
Anchorage, 153
Pulo Nyur, 150
Anchorage, 150
Decline of population, 150
Water, 151
Morass, 151
Birds, 143, 144, 151
Fauna, 144, 150
Young monkeys, 153
Shom Pe[.n], 143, 145-148, 150, 152
Appearance, 145-147
Elephantiasis, 145, 152
Effect of betel-chewing, 147
Dress and ornaments, 145
Camp, 149, 151
Village, 144, 145
Shom Pe[.n], Huts, 145
Food supply, 148
Dog-hobble, 144
Spears, 146
Cloth, 145, 146
Cooking-vessel, 148
Mode of cooking pandanus, 149

Great Nicobar (West and South Coasts)
General topography, 156, 158, 160
Native topographical names compared with chart and trade names, 155
Growth of land, 157
Anchorage, 156
Pulo Babi, 156, 157
Harbour, 156
Water, 156
Chang-ngeh, 161
South Bay, 160
Galathea River, 161-164
Fauna, 162
Birds, 157, 160, 161
Monkeys, 166
Population, 157
Inhabitants, 157, 155-158
Domeat, 154
Servitude, 157
Shom Pe[.n], 155, 159
Village, 158, 159
Huts, 158, 162
Dress, 159
Marriage, 158
Ringworm, 159
Canoe building, 160
Mode of climbing trees, 157
Barter, 160
Supplies, 165
Water, 165

Guides, native, N., 57, 58

Gunboat tours, 28

_Ha-chu_, K.N., 298

Hamilton's, Captain Alexander, account of the Andamans, 179, 180
References to the Nicobars, 102, 105, 121, 212, 215

_Hanata_, K.N., 301

Harbours, A., 171. And _see_ under names of islands

Headmen, N., 241; S.P., 219
Regard for, K.N., 316

Height, average, A., 342

Heifer, Murder of Dr, 181

_Henghawa_, K.N., 290

_Henta_, cf. _De[=u]shi_, N., 77, 85

_Henta-koi_, N., 77

Herons, N., 69

History, A., 176-184. For details, _see_ under "Andaman Islands"

History, N., 177-179, 208-214. For details, _see_ under "Nicobar
Islands"

Hog-deer, A., 28

Homes for Andamanese at Haddo, 23-25

Homfray Strait, A., 169

Hostility of Andamanese, 190-192
Shom Pe[.n], 215, 220

Hot spring on Barren Island, 11

House, custom of feeding the, N., 85

"House of pollution," K.N., 51, 304

Houses. _See_ under names of islands
Maternity, K.N., 51

Hume, A. O., cruise round the Andamans and Nicobars, 326

Huts. _See_ under names of islands

Implements and Weapons, A., 184, 189; N., 243-245

Industries, A., 171, 172, 198-200, 339-341
Port Blair, 22, 198-200, 340, 341; N., 251, 252

Infant mortality, A., 192

Inhabitants. _See_ under names of islands

Interment of a headman of Sawi, account of, 305, 306

Interment of a man of repute of Lapati, account of, 306, 307

_Inturga_, K.N., 299

Invisible Bank, 170

Isle of Man, N., 72

Jail, Cellular, A., 21
Viper, a visit to, 26
Inhabitants of, 25-27
Employments in, 26-27
Punishment at, 27. _See_ the Andamanese Penal System

_Jheel_, N., 69, 74

Jubilee River, N., 138

Jakuns of Johore, the, 217

Jarawas, the, A., 190-192, 342
An encounter with, 191

Kachal
General topography, 109, 110, 114, 117
Evidence of growth of land, 110
Geology, 117
Area, 117
Population, 117
West Bay, 109, 110, 113
Anchorage, 109
The reef, 113
Lagoon, 110
Water, 117
Birds, 110, 111, 113
Waterbirds, 110
Monkeys, 114
Megapodes, 113
Fish, 116
Native fishing, 116
Ol-kolo-kwak, 110, 112, 113
_Kanaia_, 113
Houses, 112
Natives, 109, 111, 115
Dress and ornaments, 109, 115
Yassan, 111, 116
_De[=u]shi_, 116
Charms, 116
Supplies, 117
Medicine, 115
A death ceremony, 116
Burial customs, 113

Kamorta
General topography, 72, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101
Population, 102
Peculiarity of flora, 101
Traces of the old convict settlement on, 95
The cemetery, 95
Murder of De Roeepstorff (1883), 96
Mount Edgecombe, 98
Expedition Harbour, 98
Reputed headquarters of piratical savages, 98
Dring Harbour, 98
Olta-moeit, village of, 98
Natives, 99, 100
Dress, 100
Tattooing, a case of, 100
Birds, 97, 99, 100
Teal, 97
Buffalo, 99
Bats, 99
Chital, 100
Sambhar, 100
Supplies, 101
Hamilton's description of the Central group, 102

_Kana awn_, K.N., 285-292

_Kanaia_, N., 79, 113

_Kantera_, K.N., 302

_Kareau_, N., 85, 86

_Kare-yeng-chon_, K.N., 287

_Kallu_, 224

Kar Nicobar
General topography, 45, 46, 61, 64, 65
Koenig's account of Kar Nicobar (1778), 276, 277, 279
Geology, 46, 64
Earthquakes felt at, 205
Tide-race, 45
Landing, 46, 60, 61
Sawi Bay, 46
Swell in, 55
Landing at, 55
Population, 65
Flora, 53, 61, 62, 64
Fruit, 49, 64
Coconuts, 62
Water, 65
Timber, 53, 54
Fauna
Birds, 53, 62
Mammals, 62
Fishing, 55
Crabs, 55, 62
Supplies, 65
Government agency clearing, 47, 54
"Temple Villa," 47
Mission school, 59
Missionary endeavour, 57, 63
V. Solomon, 46, 63
Pupils, 57, 59
M[=u]s village, 47, 49, 50, 51
Population, 47
Buildings, 50, 51
_Elpanam_, 50, 240
Maternity houses, 51
_Talik n'gi_, 51
"House of pollution," 51, 304
Houses, 46-49
Plantations, 49, 64
_Kofente_, 292
_Mal_, 302, 303
"Devil-expelling" leaves, 303
_Passa_, 303

Kar Nicobarese, the, 46, 49, 51, 54, 57-59, 60, 61, 65
Measurements of some, 355
Offandi, 49, 50, 54, 311, 312
"Friend of England," 52, 55-57, 311, 312
"Little John," 58, 225
Frank Thompson, 57
Kar Nicobar boys, 59, 60
V. Solomon's pupils, 57, 59
Educated natives, 57, 59
Native guides, 57, 58
A travelled Nicobarese, 54
Life of Kar Nicobarese, 65
Names, 305
Nicknames, 59
Dress, 49, 52, 61
_Ta-choekla_, 49
Betel-chewing, 49
Domestic pigeons, 47
Pigs, 50
Utensils, etc., 48
Fuel, 48
Baskets, 48
Canoes, 53, 54, 60
Outrigger, 54
Paddles, 54
Oilpress, 52
Mode of extracting coconut oil, 52
Bench seats, 52
Commercial occupations, 318, 319
Barter, 56, 60
Cost of transporting goods, 318
Staples of wealth, 50
Mode of comparing past and present wealth, 292
Effect of N.E. monsoon, 299
Canoe mishaps, 308, 317
Crossbow accidents, 317
A Kar Nicobarese tradition, 215
Gardens, 307
Origin of, 307
Destruction of, 307
Quarrels, instances of, 310-312
Mode of revenging, 310
Amok, instances of, 312
Causes of, 312
Wizard murders, 314
Instances of, 314, 315
Instances of murder as punishment, 315
Instance of suicide, 316
Dislike to strangers, 317
Land sale and tenure, 317
Instance of, 317
_Takoia_, 241
Tallies
Tally of commercial transactions, 319
Of the months, 319
Of a child's age, 319
Social and other distinctions
Social status, 61
The _Mafai_, 300-302
The _Sanokuv_, 300
The _Tamiluana_, 302, 316
The _Takkuwi_, 292
_Yom Ap_, 302
_Yom Elpanam_, 302
Headmen, 316
Wizardry, 314
Mode of obtaining reputation for, 314
Ceremonies and observances
_Kana Awn_ (feast of exhumation,), 285-292
_Na-Kopah_ (feast for the dead), 286, 287
_Kare-yeng-chon_ (headstones of graves), 287
_Vani pati_ (house decoration), 288
_Kiriam Hepat_ (dancing in bright light), 288, 289
_Henghawa_ (in return), 290
_Yeng Awn_ (the great boar), 291
_Wanaka Kuv_ (making lard), 291
_Kisu-ta-el-pati_, 291
_Tanang alah_ (prevention), 291
_Anula Kopah_ (digging the graves), 292
_Kiriam Anula_ (digging dance), 292
_Kiriam-nga-rit-roi-ta-oka_ (dance for clearing up coconut
rubbish), 292
_Mafai tapira_ (grand _Mafai_ dance), 292
_Anula Kopah_, account of this ceremony as carried out at
Lapati, 293
_Katap-hang_ (lighting the _Elpanam_), 294, 295
_Kiala_ (fetching food), 295
_Anoi-ila_ (a holiday), 295
_Enwan-n'gi_ (fishing again for the children), 295
_Ma-ya-kuv-ka-ma-ka_ (papa is going this way to fetch fish), 295
_Ramal_, 296
_Gnunota_, 296
_Ma-la-hal_, 297
_Kewi-apa_, 297, 298
_Mu-nung-ren_ (day of preparation), 297
_Kial_ (taking food), 297
_Ha-chu_, 298
_Maya_ (top decoration), 298, 299
_Yintovna Siya_ (expelling the devil by sails), 298, 299
_Amhai_, 299
_Inturga_, 299
_Tanangla_ (support), 299, 300
_Ke luinj alaa_, 300
_Mafai_, creation of, 301
_Hanata_ (adorning the invalid), 301
_Mafai_ performances, 302
_Ai-yu-a-kare_ (going to a feast adorned with jewels), 302
_Luinj-lare Mafai_ (undressing the _Mafai_), 302
_Amutna Kuv_ (revealing to the invalid), 302, 303
Burial ceremonies, 303-305
Account of interment of headman of Sawi, 305, 306
_Fota Elmot_ (wiping away tears), 306
Account of interment of a man of repute at Lapati, 306, 307
Mourning, 305
Converse with the dead, 296
Instance of ceremonies accompanying canoe buying, 309
Sequel to the loss of a M[=u]s canoe, 296
Reception of M[=u]s racing-canoe after a death in the village, 299
Canoe offerings, 295, 296
Celebration of loss of teeth, 300
Custom during eclipses, 307
Belief concerning, 307
Disinterment customs, 51
"Devil expelling," 64
_Tamiluana_ ceremonies to subdue floods, 51
Feasts, 50
Dances, 289, 309
Ceremonial accessories
_Kantera_, 302
_Kusuku_, 297, 298
_Merahta_, 287
"Devil-expelling" leaves, 303
_Katap-hang_, K.N., 294, 295
_Ke luinj alaa_, K.N., 300
_Kewi-apa_, K.N., 297, 298
_Kial_, K.N., 297
_Kiala_, K.N., 295
Kingfisher (_P. leucocephala_), N., 126;
(_Ceyx tridactyla_), N., 135;
(_Halcyon saturatior_), A., 35
Kingfisher's eyes a specific for sleeplessness, 76
_Kiriam anula_, K.N., 292
_Kiriam Hepat_, K.N., 288, 289
_Kiriam-nga-rit-roi-ta-oka_, K.N., 292
_Kisu-ta-el-pati_, K.N., 291
Koenig, Dr I. J., 213, 276; account of Kar Nicobar (1778), 276-284
_Kofente_, K.N., 292

Kondul
General topography, 131, 132
Anchorage, 131
Tide-rip, 131
Population, 131
Village, 132
Houses, 132
Plantation, 132
Charms, 132
Natives, 132
Boys, 139
Supplies, 132, 139

Kopenheat, N., 150
Anchorage at, 153

_Kusuhu_, K.N., 297, 298

Kwang-tung Strait, A., 15, 16

Lagoon, N., 110

Lamp, N., 81

Land, growth of, N., 110, 157
Sale and tenure, K.N., 317
Subsidence, N., 136, 137; A., 176

Landing-places. _See_ under names of islands

Language, A., 186; N., 121, 228, 229; S.P., 220
Comparison of some Shom Pe[.n] and Nicobarese words, 155

Lava, Barren Island, 12

Legend concerning formation of Bompoka, native, 105
Illustrative of unpleasant qualities of pandanus, 112

Legends of origin, native, N., 229

Life, average duration of, A., 187

Linguists, Nicobarese, 55, 58, 75, 112

Little Andaman
General topography, 38, 45, 169, 170
Effect of S.W. monsoon, 45
Geology, 176
Bumila Creek, 38
Natives, 37-40, 42
Appearance, 39
Dress and ornaments, 39
Natives, body decoration, 39
_Coiffure_, 40
Tools, 41
Bows and arrows, 42
Huts, 40, 41
Canoe, 41
Diseases, 40
Pig, 43

"Little John," N., 58, 225

Little Nicobar
General topography, 118, 120, 121, 125, 126, 127, 131
Geology, 120
Population (including Milo), 120
Area, 120
Harbour, 119, 125
Anchorage, 119
Site for a settlement, 121, 125
Water, 126
Flora, 120, 125
Peculiarity of coco palms, 128
Banian trees, 122
Course of a river, 125, 126
Mount Deoban, 120
Empress Peak, 120
A deserted village, 121
Caves, 126, 127
Bats, 126, 127
Swifts, 126, 127
Nests, 126, 127
Monkeys, 122, 128, 129
Crabs, 129
Tupais, 122
Megapodes, 121
Pig, 122
Butterflies, 126
Birds, 119, 121, 122, 127, 128, 130
Water birds, 126
Natives, 119
Hamilton's account of the natives of the Southern Group, 121
Mortality, 119, 123
Reputed causes, 123
Dress, 119
Dialect, 121
Belief in evil spirits, 123
Charms and "scare-devils," 124
Burial custom, 124
Decay of ceremonial, 124

Lizards (_Gonyocephalus humeii_), N., 67, 68

_Luinj-lare Mafai_, K.N., 302

Luxuries, native, N., 227

Macpherson Strait, A., 29

_Mafai_, the, K.N., 300-302
Creation of, 301
Performances, 302

_Mafai tapira_, 292

_Mafai, Luinj-lare_, 302

Maharani Peak, N., 67

"Making Christmas," N., 80

_Mal_, K.N., 302, 303

Malacca, N., 78

_Ma-la-hal_, K.N., 297

Malaria, N., 112, 205, 254, 255

Mammals, A.N., 322-325. And _see_ under names of islands

Man, Mr E. H., 75
Isle of, 72

Mangrove creeks, N., 80

Manufactures, A., 189; S.P., 219

Marriage, N., 158, 235-237

Maternity houses, K.N., 51

_Maya_, K.N., 298-299

_Ma-ya-kuv-ka-ma-ka_, K.N., 295

Mayo, murder of Lord, 22, 23

Measurements of some Andamanese, 344
Average height, 342
Weight, 342

Measurements of some Shom Pe[.n], 353, 354
Great Nicobarese, 356, 357
Kar Nicobarese, 355

Medicine, N., 115, 235

Megapodes, N., 68-70, 74, 77, 113, 121, 327, 328
Eggs, 70
Mounds, 68-70
Laying-places watched by Nicobarese, 243

Menchal, 127
Area, 127
Flora, 127
Geology, 127

_Menluanas_, N., 116, 232
Ceremonies, 233

_Merahta_, K.N., 287

Meroee, N., 118

Metals, N., 251

Military force, Port Blair, 27

Minerals, A., 176; N., 205

Mission School, Kar Nicobar, 59
Relics of old Moravian, N., 83

Missionary endeavour, N., 63, 257.
_See_ under "Nicobar Islands"--History.

Monkeys, N., 114, 122, 128, 129, 150, 166
Young, 153

Monopolies, N., 107, 308

Monsoon, effect of S.W., Andamans, 37, 45
N.E., Kar Nicobar, 299

Monsoons, N., 206

Mortality, N., 119, 123
Infant, A., 192

Mount Deoban, N., 120
Edgecombe, N., 98
Harriet, A., 19, 169
Thuillier, N., 138, 141

Mountain range, a submerged, 170

Mountains, A., 169; N., 141

Mourning customs, N., 250, 305

Mudfish, N., 149

_Mu-nung-ren_, K.N., 297

Murder, wizard, K.N., 314, 315
As punishment, K.N., 315
Of Lord Mayo, 22, 23
Of Dr Heifer, 181
Of F. H. de Roeepstorff, 96
Of Captain Owen, 212

M[=u]s village. _See_ "Kar Nicobar"

Music, the Nicobarese dance-, 87

Musical instrument, A., 189
Instruments used by Nicobarese, 87, 250

Muskets prohibited, N., 244

_Na-kopah_, K.N., 286, 287

Names, K.N., 305. _See_ "Nicknames"

Names, native topographical, 120
Compared with chart and trade names, Great Nicobar, 155

Nankauri
General topography, 90, 109
Temperature, 206
Rainfall, 206
Geology, 90
Area, 90
Population, 91
Harbour, 78, 98, 202
Settlement at, 214
Neglected by its possessors, 202
Malacca, 78
Spiteful Bay, 78
Anchorage, 78
Coral, 80
Village, 78
Landing-place, 79
_Kanaia_, 79
Houses, 79
Relics of old Moravian mission, 83
The headman's village, 83
Houses, 83, 84
Mangrove creeks, 80
Flora, 90
Fruit, 91
Fauna, 90
Whimbrel, 80
Supplies, 91
Water, 91
Tanamara, 75, 86, 88, 89, 101
Family, 84, 88, 89
House, interior and contents, 84, 85
_Kareau_, 85, 86
_Henta_, 85
Charms, talismans, and "scare-devils," 83, 85
Native flags, 80
Electro-plate possessed by natives, 81
Lamp, 81
Preparation for a festival, 80, 81, 86
"Making Christmas," 80
Interior of a house prepared for a festival, 81
A festival, 86, 87, 88
Dancing, 87
Dress and ornaments, 75, 81, 86, 87
Canoe, 79
Masts, 79
Sails, 79
Decoration, 79
Feeding domestic animals, 79
The house, canoes, etc., 85
Custom of adoption, 84
Exhumation, 82
Account of exhumation ceremonies, 82, 83
Offerings for the dead, 84
Piracy in the Nicobars, 91-94
British punitive expedition, 93

Narcotics, N., 248

Narkondam, A., 10, 169, 174

Natives.
_See_ under names of islands--"The Andamanese," "The Nicobarese,"
"The Aborigines of the Nicobar Islands"

Navigation in the Tropics, 29
Chinese, 138

Nests, edible birds', A., 29
Sunbirds' (_Arachnechtkra_), 133
Swifts', N., 126, 127

_Ngong_, N., 229

Nicknames, K.N., 59. _See_ "Names"

Nicobarese, the
Evolution, 221-225
Native legends of origin, 229
Appearance, 225-227
Custom of flattening the occiput, 226
Measurements of some Great Nicobarese, 356, 357
Measurements of some Kar Nicobarese, 355
Character, 227, 228
Results of education, 89
Language, 228, 229
Comparison of some Nicobarese and Shom Pe[.n] words, 155
Nicobarese linguists, 55, 58, 75, 112
Social state, 61, 242
Headmen, 241
Position of women, 242
Children, 242
Courtship, 238-240
Marriage, 235-237
Polygamy, 238
Divorce, 237
Property, 240
Method of guarding, 241
_Takoia_ (Kar Nicobar), 241
Diseases, 235
Medicine, 235
System of punishments, 230, 238, 241
Superstitious beliefs, 231-234
Talismans, 231
_Henta_, 77, 85
_Henta-koi_, 77
_Kareau_, 85-86
_Tamiluanas_, 232
_Menluanas_, 116, 232, 233
Cleanliness, 248
Dress and ornaments, 229, 249
Body painting, 249
_Ta-choekla_, 49, 229, 249
_Ngong_, 229
_Coiffure_, 249, 250
Betel chewing, 49, 248
Quids, 248
Use of tobacco, 248
Stimulants, 248
Coconut toddy, 247
Narcotics, 248
Beverages, 247
Native luxuries, 227
Food, 246
Pandanus fruit, 246, 252
Mode of preparing, 247
"Town halls," 240
Amusements
Canoe processions, 251
Pig processions, 251
Wrestling, 251
Musical instruments, 87, 250
The Nicobarese dance-music, 87
Domestic animals, 243
Fishing, 245, 246
Traps, 245
Weirs, 246
Weapons, 243-245
Tools, 243, 245
Foot brush, 247
Terms of salutation, 228
Custom when travelling, 228
Mourning custom, 250
Arts, 251
Appreciation of anatomical detail, 85
Industries, 251, 252
Metals, 251
Cultivations, 252
Monopolies, 107
Trade commodities, 252
License, 252
Inland, 252
Traders, 252, 253
List of principal articles imported by, for sale to the
Kar Nicobarese, 351
Articles found to be in demand for presents and barter, 352
Local communication and transport, 253
Coconuts, 253
Turtle, 246
Mode of capturing, 246
Use of skull, 246
Dampier's account of the Nicobarese, 256, 257.
_See_ also under "Bompoka," "Chaura," "Great Nicobar," "Kachal,"
"Kamorta," "Kar Nicobar," "Kondul," "Little Nicobar," "Nankauri,"
"Pulo Milo," "Teressa," and "Shom Pe[.n]"

Nicobar, Great. _See_ "Great Nicobar"

Nicobar Islands, the, 201
Position, 167, 201
Relationship, 321, 327
Soundings, 321
Coral banks, 201
Area, 201
Geology, 202-204
Minerals, 205
Coal, 204
Earthquakes, 205
Climate, 205, 206
Rainfall, 206
Temperature, 206
Monsoons, 206
Cyclone, 206
General botanic appearance, 207
Botanical division, 109
Flora, 207, 208
Principal flora of the Nicobars, 345-349
Fauna
Birds, 326-328
List of, occurring in the Nicobars, 328-331
Mammals, 322-324
Synopsis of mammalian fauna, 325
History, 177-179, 208-214
Nicobars known to Arab navigators, 208
First probable reference, 208
Chinese records, 208
Account of an Arab trader (A.D. 851), 208
Rashuddin, 209
Marco Polo (thirteenth century), 209
Friar Oderic (fourteenth century), 209
Master Caesar Frederike (sixteenth century), 209
Barbosa, 210
Captain John Davis (sixteenth century), 210
Officers of Sir J. Lancaster (sixteenth century), 210
Sir James Lancaster (seventeenth century), 211, 212
Koeping (eighteenth century), 212
Dampier's sojourn, 212. _See_ "Dampier"
Murder of Captain Owen, 212
Hamilton's references, 102, 105, 121, 212, 215
Jesuit attempt at settlement, 212
Danish colony founded (1756), 213
Settlement by Moravians (1766), 213
Koenig's account, 213. _See_ "Koenig"
History, Commercial expedition, 213
New Moravian settlement (1779), 213
English traders from India begin to visit the islands (nineteenth
century), 213
Pastor Rosen's mission (1831), 213, 214
Catholic mission, 214
Mackay's voyage in search of coal (1845), 214
_Galathea_ expedition (1846), 214
Voyage of the _Novara_ (1858), 214
Islands taken possession of by the Indian Government (1869), 214
British official possession (1807), 214
Settlement at Nankauri Harbour, 214
Nicobars and Andamans affiliated, 214
Marks of British possession, 97
Account of piracy in, 91-94
Missionary endeavour, 63, 257. _See_ also under "History"
Natural products of commercial value, 207, 208
Nicobars rich in building materials, 205
Malaria, 112, 205, 254, 255
Population, 202, 350
Decrease of, 76, 97, 149, 150, 350
Trade residents, 202
Census, 350
Water, 152
Native Topographical names, 120
Compared with chart and trade names, Great Nicobar, 155.
_See_ "Bompoka," "Chaura," "Great Nicobar," "Kachal," "Kamorta,"
"Kar Nicobar," "Kondul," "Little Nicobar," "Menchal,"
"Nankauri," "Pulo Milo," "Teressa," "Tilanchong," "Trinkat"

Nicobar, Kar. _See_ "Kar Nicobar"

Nicobar, Little. _See_ "Little Nicobar"

Novara Bay, N., 67

Occiput, custom of flattening the, N., 226

Occupations, commercial, K.N., 318, 319
Of the sexes, respective, S.P., 220

Offandi, N., 49, 50, 54, 311, 312

Offerings, canoe, K.N., 295, 296
For the dead, N., 84

Oil press, K.N., 52

Ol-kolo-kwak, N., 110, 112, 113

Olta-moeit, N., 98

Oenges, A., 190, 192, 342.
_See_ under "Rutland Island" and "Little Andaman"

Ornaments, personal. _See_ under names of islands

Owen, wreck and death of Captain (1708), N., 70, 71, 212

Paddles, N., 54

Pandanus fruit, N., 246, 252
Mode of preparing, 247
Cooking, S.P., 149

Pandanus, unpleasant qualities of, 112
Legend illustrative of, 112

Parrots, A., 17; (_Paleornis caniceps_), N., 128

_Passa_, cf. _Mal_, K.N., 303

Pathmaking, 15

Penal System, the Andamanese, 193-199.
_See_ also under "Port Blair"

Photography, trials of, 32

Pig (_Sus andamanensis_), A., 43;
(_Sus nicobaricus_), N., 137
Mode of preparing, for a feast, 100
Processions, N., 251

Pigeons, Nicobar, 68, 135

Pigeons, fruit (_Carpophaga insularis_), N., 62, 68.

Piracy in the Nicobars, account of, 91-94

Plantations, N., 49, 64, 71, 105, 132

Police surveillance, A., 19

Polygamy, N., 238

Population. _See_ under names of islands and "Census."
Decrease of, N., 76, 97, 149, 150, 350

Port Blair
Ross Island, 19, 20
The Government Settlement, 19, 20, 21
History of, 180, 181, 183
Colonel Temple, C.C., at, 21
Military force, 27
Police surveillance, 19
Gunboat tours, 28
Communication, 200
Temperature, 173
Rainfall, 173
Government schools, 343
Gymnasium, 344
Amusements, 20
The Penal System, 193-9
Viper Island, 25, 26
Jail, a visit to, 26
Cellular, 21
Inhabitants of, 25, 26, 27
Employments in, 26, 27
Punishment, 27
Convicts, 20, 26, 27
Hospital convalescents, 23
The harbour, 19, 21-25
Brickfields, 22
Lime kilns, 22
Phoenix Bay shipyard, 22
Mount Harriet, 19, 169
Hopetoun, settlement of, 22
Chatham Island, sawmills, 23
Hospital convalescents at, 23
Navy Bay tea-gardens, 25
Industries, 22, 198, 199, 200, 340, 341
Cultivations, 200
Character of the locally-born young generation, 344
Haddo, Homes for the Andamanese, 23, 24, 25
Andamanese at, 24, 25
Appearance, 24
Dress, 24
Ornaments, 24, 25
Skin decorations, 24
_Coiffure_, 24
Bows and arrows, 24, 25
Mode of carrying babies, 24

Port Cornwallis, Government Settlement transferred to, 180, 181
_Rendezvous_ at, in 1824, 181

Port registers, 75

Pots, Chaura, N., 108
Nicobarese belief concerning, 107
Process of making, 107, 108

Pottery, a possible origin of, 219
Kiln, Chaura, 108
Manufacture, monopoly of, 107

Preparis Island, 320

Presents, articles found to be in demand for, A., N., 352

Products, natural, A., 172, 199, 341. _See_ "Woods"
Of commercial value, N., 207, 208

Property, N., 240
Method of guarding, 241

Pulo Babi. _See_ "Great Nicobar"

Pulo Kunyi. _See_ "Great Nicobar"

Pulo Milo, 123
Area, 123
Village, 123
Houses, 123
Natives, 123

Pulo Nyur. _See_ "Great Nicobar"

Punishment at Viper Jail, 27
System of, N., 230, 238, 241
Instances of murder as, K.N., 315

Quarrels, instances of, K.N., 310-312
Mode of Revenging, 310

Rainfall, A., 173; N., 206

_Ramal_, K.N., 296

Rats (_Mus atratus_), A., 14.
_See_ also under names of islands and "Mammals"

Rattan collecting, N., 219, 220

_Rhinomyias_, N., 122

River, course of a, Little Nicobar, 125, 126
Dagmar, 149, 153
Galathea, 161-164
Jubilee, 138

Rivers, Great Nicobar, 142

Ross Island. _See_ "Port Blair"

Rowing, Chinese, 140

Rutland Island
A part of Great Andaman, 168
General topography, 29
Geology, 175
Ford's Peak, 169
Landing-place, 30
Village, 32
Huts, 32
Jungle, 30
Birds, 30
Oenge visitors, 30-33
Appearance, 31
Dress, 32
Body ornamentation, 32-34
_Coiffure_, 34
Utensils, 33
Bows and arrows, 33, 34
Mode of stringing, 34
Food, 33

Saddle Hill, 169

St George's Channel, 131

Salutation, terms of, N., 228

Sambhar, N., 100

_Samshu_ smuggling, N., 248. _See_ "Spirit traffic"

_Sanokuv_, the, K.N., 300

Sawi Bay. _See_ "Kar Nicobar"

Scenery, A., 170

School, mission, K.N., 59

Schools, Government, Port Blair, 343, 344

Servitude, N., 157

Settlement, the Government, A. _See_ "Port Blair"
Site for a, N., 121, 125

Sharks, edible, 9

Shrew (_Crocidura nicobarica_), N., 138

Shom Pe[.n], the.
_See_ "The aborigines of the Nicobar Islands," and "Great Nicobar"

Sir John Lawrence Island, wrecks on, 181

Skin decoration, A., 24. _See_ "Body decoration"

Social state, N., 61, 242
And other distinctions, K.N.,
_see_ "Kar Nicobarese social and other distinctions"

Solomon, V., K.N., 46, 63

Sombrero Channel, 118
Tides in, 118
Island, 106

Somerera Islands, Hamilton's account of the, 105

Songs, specimens of, A., 189

Soundings, A., 168, 320; N., 321

South Andaman
General topography, 28, 29
Macpherson Strait, 29
Anchorage, 29
Landing-place, 29
Birds' Nest Cape, 29
Edible birds' nests, 29
Native camping-place, 29
Hut, 29
Water, 35
Hog-deer, 28
Birds, 34, 35
Mammals, 35

South Bay, 160

Spears, N., 243; S.P., 219, 243, 244

Spirit traffic, 100. _See_ "_Samshu_ smuggling"

Spirits, belief in, A., 188
Evil, N., 123

Spiteful Bay. _See_ under "Nankauri"

Spring, hot, Barren Island, 11

Squalls, tropic, 10, 137

Stimulants, N., 248

Subsidence, A., 176; K.N., 136, 137

Suicide, instance of, N., 316

Sunbird, Andaman, 35; (_Aethopyga nicobarica_), N., 127, 143

Superstitious beliefs, N., 231-234

Supplies. _See_ under names of islands

Surveillance, police, A., 19

Swifts (_Collocalia linchii_), N., 126, 127
Nests, 126, 127

_Ta-choekla_, N., 49, 229, 249

_Takkuwis_, K.N., 292

_Takoia_, K.N., 241

Talaings, 223, 224

_Talik-n'gi_, K.N., 51

Talismans, N., 83, 85, 231

Tallies, K.N.
Of commercial transactions, 319
Of the months, 319
Of a child's age, 319

Tamils, 216

_Tamiluanas_, N., 232, 302
Ceremonies, 51
Regard for, 316

Tanamara, 75, 86, 88, 89, 101
Family, 84, 88, 89
House, interior and contents of, 84, 85

_Tanang alah_, K.N., 291

_Tanangla_, K.N., 299, 300

Tattooing, a case of, N., 100

Tea, attempt to foster taste for, N., 248

Teeth, celebration of loss of, K.N., 300

Temperature, A., 173; N., 206

Temple, Colonel, C.C., at Port Blair, 21

"Temple Villa," K.N., 47

Teressa
General topography, 103, 104
Area, 104
Geology, 104
Flora, 104
Tobacco fields, 104
Population, 105
Natives compared with Kar Nicobarese, 104
Hamilton's account of the Somerera Islands, 105

Terrapin Bay, N., 67

Thrush (_Geocichla albigularis_), N., 74

Tide-rips, N., 45, 131

Tilanchong
General topography, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 109
Area, 67
Anchorages, 67
Maharani Peak, 67
Novara Bay, 67
Terrapin Bay, 67
_Jheel_, 69
Herons, 69
Crocodile, 69
Water, 67
Plantations, 71
Kamortan visitors, 71
Lizards, 67, 68
Fruit bat, 70
Megapodes, 68, 69, 70
Mounds, 68, 70
Eggs, 70
Birds, 68
Crabs, 70
Foul ground off, 72
Wreck of Captain Owen (1708), 70

Timber, K.N., 53, 54. _See_ "Woods"

Tobacco, use of, N., 248
Fields, N., 104

Tools, A., 41; N., 243, 245

Topography, general. _See_ under names of islands

"Town halls," N., 240

Trade, N., 143, 252
Commodities, N., 252
Prices, N., 143, 154
Residents, N., 202
Shom Pe[.n], 219
Chaura, 106

Traders, N., 252, 253
Chinese, 112
Malay, 154
Articles imported by, for sale to Kar Nicobarese, 351

Tradition, a Kar Nicobarese, 215

Traditions, Christian, A., 189

Transport, local, N., 253

Transporting goods, cost of, K.N., 318

Trapping, 15

Traps, fishing, N., 245

Travelling, custom when, N., 228

Trees, principal forest, A., 336-338
Mode of climbing, N., 157
Banian, N., 122
Urostigma, N., 62

Tribal division, A., 190, 192, 342

Trinkat
General topography, 73, 74, 75
Possible results of elevation, 73
A deserted village, 73, 74, 76, 77
Huts, 73
Hut, contents of a, 77
_Jheel_, 74
Water birds, 74
Megapodes, 74, 77
Cattle, semi-wild, 47, 74, 75
Birds, 74
Rats, 77

_Tupaia nicobarica_, 136; N., 122

_Tupaia nicobarica surda_, N., 122

Turtle, N., 138, 246
Mode of capturing, 246
Skull, use of, 246

Urostigma trees, N., 62

Utensils, Oenge, 33
Kar Nicobarese, 48

_Vani pati_, K.N., 288

Villages. _See_ under names of islands

Viper Island, 25, 26
Jail. _See_ "Jail"

Volcanic activity, A., 13, 14, 174

Walker Island, 161

_Wanaka Kuv_, K.N., 291

Water. _See_ under names of islands

Water birds. _See_ "Birds," and under names of islands

Wealth, staples of, K.N., 50
Comparison of past and present, 292

Weapons and implements, A., 184, 189; N., 243-245.
_See_ "Bows," "Arrows," "Spears"

Weight, average Andamanese, 342

Weirs, fishing, N., 246

West Bay. _See_ under "Kachal"

Whale, killer, 119

Wind and weather, average, A., 335

Wizard murders, K.N., 314, 315

Wizardry, credence in, A., 188
Chaura natives believed to be exponents of, 296
Kar Nicobar, 314
Mode of obtaining reputation for, 314

Women, position of, A., 187; N., 242; S.P., 220

Woods, list of the more useful and valuable, A., 339

Worthington, William, 91, 92

Wreck and death of Captain Owen, 70, 71, 212

Wrecks on Sir John Lawrence Island, 181

Wrestling, N., 251

Yassan, N., 111, 116

_Yeng Awn_, K.N., 291

_Yintovna Siya_, K.N., 298, 299

_Yam Ap_, K.N., 302

_Yom Elpanam_, K.N., 302

Printed by
Oliver and Boyd
Edinburgh

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands_, by E. H. Man, 1884.

[2] On February 24th of this year Mr Vaux was killed while leading a punitive expedition against a section of the Jarawa tribe, who had recently murdered some wood-cutters. He rushed the last of several hostile camps by night, and took a number of prisoners; but, treading in the ashes of a smouldering fire at the moment of success, he caused it to blaze up, and being seen by a retreating native, was shot through the chest with an arrow, and died almost immediately.

[3] The Sellungs are a primitive and timid tribe, who wander in canoes among the Mergui Islands during the fine weather, and make temporary settlements on lee-shores in the south-west monsoon. They number between two and three thousand.

[4] _The Cruise of the Marchesa_, by F. H. H. Guillemard, second edition, London, 1889.

[5] 1901.

[6] Temperature in 1891 = 103.5. Hume visited the island in 1873 and noted 140 deg., while in 1866 the Andaman Committee found the temperature to be between 158 deg. and 163 deg.. In 1857 Dr Mouat landed, and writes of "a natural boiling spring, the waters so extremely hot that they rendered the sea in the immediate neighbourhood warm enough to roast crabs in their shells," and about the same date Dr von Liebig records a broad but thin sheet of nearly boiling water issuing from beneath the lava, and the sea warm for many yards to a depth of more than 8 feet. Earlier still, in 1831, we have Dr Adam's account, which states that 100 yards from shore the water was nearly boiling; the stones and rocks on shore exposed at low tide were smoking and hissing, and the water was boiling all round them.

[7] In 1789 only withered shrubs and blasted trees were to be seen on parts remote from the cone (Blair): while as late as 1866 there were no trees of any height, but on the slopes and ridges abundance of bushes, some rising 20 feet (Report of the Andaman Committee).

[8] Rulers of India Series--_The Earl of Mayo_, by Sir W. W. Hunter.

[9] A somewhat similar weapon to this remarkable bow is found among the Oregon Indians, and also seen in the composite bow of the Eskimos, while a third, still more closely approaching it in appearance and principle, is found in New Ireland and the New Hebrides.

An interesting account of the Andamanese bow, with a series of photographs showing the various stages of construction, has been contributed by Mr M. V. Portman to the Archery volume of the Badminton Library.

[10] See Appendix F.

[11] Scurvy is more prevalent on Little than on Great Andaman, perhaps owing to the low-lying swampy formation of the larger portion of the island. Hereditary syphilis is believed to be common among the Oenges, having been possibly introduced at some remote period prior to the occupation of 1858. Whether it is to be traced to Malay pirates, or through the Jarawa tribes to the Settlement of 1789, will never be ascertained, but, in coming to a conclusion, the Nicobarese must also be considered as a factor in the case.

[12] "The hut was of the usual type of Little Andaman dwellings, having raised platforms for the married people to sleep on; several large baskets were slung up to the roof, and two rows of pigs' skulls ornamented the walls, showing from their numbers (about 500) that there was no lack of food."--M. V. Portman.

[13] The canoes are sometimes fitted with an outrigger, and it has been supposed that this has been adopted from some Point de Galle fishing-boat wrecked on the islands, for early writers never mention its existence (Sir H. Yule, _Encyclopaedia Britannica_); but it is much simpler to conjecture it to be a copy of the same feature from the Nicobarese canoe. On the other hand, there is no argument against it being original, for the aborigines of New South Wales and Queensland have a canoe that is in every way almost the exact counterpart of the Andamanese vessel.

[14] Such tide-races are not uncommon among the Nicobar Islands, and later we met with several others, though none so severe as this first. The tides round Kar Nicobar run with great velocity; a rate of 7 knots has been noted to the eastward of the island.

[15] The Semangs, a group of Negritoes in the Malay Peninsula, surrounded by dominant peoples dwelling in pile-buildings, still retain their practice of building huts akin to those of the Andamanese.

[16] Of _Barringtonia speciosa_, _Eugenia javanica_, and _Calophyllum inophyllum_.

[17] The Dyaks of Borneo employ a similar protection in their rice granaries.

[18] _Kissat_ is the Kar Nicobarese name for the loin-cloth worn by males. In the Central and Southern Islands of the group this article of attire is styled _neng_.

[19] In contradistinction to the village, which is known as "_panam_."

[20] These large buildings in _Elpanam_ are equivalent to the "_Balai_" of the Malays, for in them visitors are installed, feasts are held, and general meetings take place.

[21] At delivery a recumbent position is assumed, and the mother is attended by the nearest neighbours, who assist by pressing and kneading the abdomen.

[22] _Cf._ Dyak custom, "When an interesting event is about to happen, the lady is secluded in a small house, where she remains for several months, during which no stranger is allowed to enter the hut."--_The Head-hunters of Borneo_, by Carl Bock.

The practice of _couvade_ is said to exist among the Nicobarese, but we heard nothing of it during our visit.

[23] This tree is found only in the southern islands, whence the large sea-going canoes are obtained through the natives of Chaura, who act as middlemen.

[24] "A century ago, all the natives of Kar Nicobar spoke the Portuguese of the Indian Eurasians."--Hamilton, _Asiatic Researches_, vol. ii.

[25] Letters of recommendation:--

(_a_) "The bearer of this, Friend of England, is a very worthy young man. He supplied me with a great quantity of nuts last voyage, and he can be trusted to any amount under 6000 pairs.

10th March 1853, (Sd.) R. MIDDLETON, _Commander_.
Off Lapati Village, Car Nicobar. Barque _Colonel Brown_."

(_b_) "This is to certify that I have traded with Friend of England, a native of this island, in coconuts, fruits, etc. Since I have found him to be trusty, honest to his agreements, therefore, I feel pleasure in saying that you can trust him with the truth before heaven.

North-West Bay, Island of Car Nicobar, Barque _Rochester of London_.
March 3rd, 1857. (Sd.) W. J. GREEN,
_Master of the above-named ship_."

(_c_) "On our visit to the north side of Car Nicobar, I found the bearer, Friend of England, an honest, inoffensive man, and very willing to afford all the assistance in his power to us during our stay.

H.M. Steamer _Undaunted_, (Sd.) W. L. C. BERESFORD, _Commander_.
January 1873."