Chapter V: Buddhism and Other Religions

CHRONOLOGICAL SYLLABUS SELECTED WORKS BEARING ON THE RELIGIONS OF CHINA

CHINA AND THE CHINESE By Herbert Allen Giles

CONTENTS LECTURE I THE CHINESE LANGUAGE Its Importance-?Its Difficulty-?The Colloquial-?Dialects-?"Mandarin"-?Absence of Grammar-?Illustrations-?Pidgin-English-?Scarcity of Vocables-?The Tones-?Coupled Words-?The Written Language-?The Indicators-?Picture Characters-?Pictures of Ideas-?The Phonetics-?Some Faulty Analyses ... 3

LECTURE II A CHINESE LIBRARY The Cambridge (Eng.) Library-?(A) The Confucian Canon-?(B) Dynastic History-?The "Historical Record"-?The "Mirror of History"-?Biography-?Encyclopædias-?How arranged-?Collections of Reprints-?The Imperial Statutes-?The Penal Code-?(C) Geography-?Topography-?An Old Volume-?Account of Strange Nations-?(D) Poetry-?Novels-?Romance of the Three Kingdoms-?Plays-?(E) Dictionaries-?The Concordance-?Its Arrangement-?Imperial Catalogue-?Senior Classics ... 37

[viii]LECTURE III DEMOCRATIC CHINA The Emperor-?Provincial Government-?Circuits-?Prefectures-?Magistracies-?Headboroughs-?The People-?The Magistrate-?Other Provincial Officials-?The Prefect-?The Intendant of Circuit (Tao-t'ai)-?Viceroy and Governor-?Taxation-?Mencius on "the People"-?Personal Liberty-?New Imposts-?Combination-?Illustrations ... 73

LECTURE IV CHINA AND ANCIENT GREECE Relative Values of Chinese and Greek in Mental and Moral Training-?Lord Granville-?Wên T'ien-hsiang-?Han Yü-?An Emperor-?A Land of Opposites-?Coincidences between Chinese and Greek Civilisations-?The Question of Greek Influence-?Greek Words in Chinese-?Coincidences in Chinese and Western Literature-?Students of Chinese wanted ... 107

LECTURE V TAOISM Religions in China-?What is Tao?-?Lao Tzu-?The Tao Tê Ching-?Its Claims-?The Philosophy of Lao Tzu-?-Developed by Chuang Tzu-?His View of Tao-?A Taoist Poet-?Symptoms of Decay-?The Elixir of Life-?Alchemy-?The Black Art-?[ix]Struggle between Buddhism and Taoism-?They borrow from One Another-?The Corruption of Tao-?Its Last State ... 141

LECTURE VI SOME CHINESE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS Origin of the Queue-?Social Life-?An Eyeglass-?Street Etiquette-?Guest and Host-?The Position of Women-?Infanticide-?Training and Education of Women-?The Wife's Status-?Ancestral Worship-?Widows-?Foot-binding-?Henpecked Husbands-?The Chinaman a Mystery-?Customs vary with Places-?Dog's Flesh-?Substitutes at Executions-?Doctors-?Conclusion ... 175

INDEX

STRANGE STORIES FROM A CHINESE STUDIO Translated And Annotated By Herbert A. Giles In Two Volumes, Vol. I. CONTENTS. Introduction. Vol. I., pp. xiii-xxxii. STORIES. Vol. I. PAGE Vol. II. PAGE Adulteration Punished — 332 Alchemist, The — 313 Boat-girl Bride, The — 149 Boatmen of Lao-lung, The — 348 Boon Companion, The 165 — Bribery and Corruption — 170 Buddhist Priest of Ch'ang-ch'ing, The 22 — Buddhist Priests, Arrival of — 231 Butterfly's Revenge, The — 289 Carrying a Corpse — 181 Cattle Plague, The — 253 Censor in Purgatory, The — 238 Chang Pu-liang — 177 Chang's Transformation 237 — Chou K'o-ch'ang and his Ghost — 106 Clay Image, The — 276 Cloth Merchant, The — 127 Collecting Subscriptions — 220 Considerate Husband, The 158 — Country of the Cave Men, The 397 — Courage Tested — 116 Cruelty Avenged — 267 Dead Priest, The — 247 Death by Laughing 352 — Disembodied Friend, The — 119 Dishonesty Punished — 279 Doctor, The — 290 Donkey's Revenge, The — 64 Dr. Tsêng's Dream 387 — Dreaming Honours — 327 Dutch Carpet, The — 179 Dwarf, A 224 — Earthquake, An — 263 Elephants and the Lion, The — 343 Engaged to a Nun 262 — Examination for the Post of Guardian Angel 1 — Faithful Dog, The — 261 Faithful Gander, The — 342 Faithless Widow, The — 39 Feasting the Ruler of Purgatory — 284 Fêng-shui — 322 Fight with the Foxes, The 251 — Fighting Cricket, The — 17 Fighting Quails, The 66 — Fisherman and his Friend, The — 197 Flood, A 350 — Flower-nymphs, The 285 — Flying Cow, The — 249 Foot-ball on the Tung-t'ing Lake 408 — Foreign Priests 343 — Fortune-hunter Punished, The — 272 Forty Strings of Cash, The — 211 Friendship with Foxes — 300 Gambler's Talisman, The 419 — Grateful Dog, The — 308 Great Rat, The — 303 Great Test, The — 310 Hidden Treasure, The — 345 His Father's Ghost — 142 Hsiang-ju's Misfortunes 225 — Husband Punished, The 422 — Incorrupt Official, The — 358 Infernal Regions, In the — 95 Ingratitude Punished — 138 Injustice of Heaven, The — 111 Invisible Priest, The — 235 Jen Hsiu, The Gambler 196 — Joining the Immortals 53 — Jonah, A Chinese — 176 Judge Lu 92 — Justice for Rebels — 184 Killing a Serpent — 190 King, The 257 — Life Prolonged — 273 Lingering Death, The — 325 Little Chu 143 — Lo-ch'a Country and the Sea Market, The — 1 Lost Brother, The 203 — Mad Priest, The — 282 Magic Mirror, The — 114 Magic Path, The — 36 Magic Sword, The 124 — Magical Arts 47 — Magnanimous Girl, The 160 — Making Animals — 265 Man who was changed into a Crow, The 278 — Man who was thrown down a Well, The 365 — Marriage Lottery, The 428 — Marriage of the Fox's Daughter, The 26 — Marriage of the Virgin Goddess, The — 257 Master-thief, The 347 — Metempsychosis — 207 "Mirror and Listen" Trick, The — 251 Miss Chiao-no 33 — Miss Lien-hsiang, The Fox-girl 168 — Miss Quarta Hu 152 — Miss Ying-ning; or, the Laughing Girl 106 — Mr. Tung; or, Virtue Rewarded — 244 Mr. Willow and the Locusts — 242 Mysterious Head, The — 135 Painted Skin, The 76 — Painted Wall, The 9 — Performing Mice, The 218 — Perseverance Rewarded 186 — Picture Horse, The — 286 Pious Surgeon, The — 351 Planchette — 295 Planting a Pear-tree 14 — Playing at Hanging 354 — Priest's Warning, The — 205 Princess Lily, The — 56 Princess of the Tung-t'ing Lake — 43 Quarrelsome Brothers, The 313 — Raising the Dead — 318 Rat Wife, The 355 — Resuscitated Corpse, The — 193 Rip van Winkle, A Chinese — 85 Roc, The — 340 Salt Smuggler, The — 215 Saving Life — 213 Sea-serpent, The — 113 Self-punished Murderer, The 345 — She-wolf and the Herd-boys, The — 330 Shui-mang Plant, The 136 — Singing Frogs, The 217 — Singular case of Ophthalmia — 102 Singular Verdict — 307 Sisters, The 336 — Smelling Essays — 139 Snow in Summer — 294 Solomon, A Chinese — 335 Solomon, Another — 355 Spirit of the Hills, The — 137 Spirits of the Po-yang Lake, The — 109 Spiritualistic Séances — 131 Stolen Eyes, The — 233 Strange Companion, A — 130 Stream of Cash, The — 110 Supernatural Wife, A — 166 Taking Revenge — 25 Talking Pupils, The 5 — Ta-nan in Search of his Father 296 — Taoist Devotee, A — 183 Taoist Miracles — 226 Taoist Priest, A 246 — Taoist Priest of Lao-shan, The 17 — Theft of the Peach — 186 Three Genii, The 214 — Three States of Existence, The — 90 Thunder God, The 413 — Tiger Guest, The 330 — Tiger of Chao-ch'êng, The 219 — Tipsy Turtle, The — 28 Trader's Son, The 85 — Two Brides, The — 158 Unjust Sentence, The — 80 Virtuous Daughter-in-law, The 374 — Wei-ch'i Devil, The — 268 Wine Insect, The — 259 Wolf Dream, The — 73 Wolves — 305 Wonderful Stone, The 306 — Young Gentleman who couldn't spell, The 326 — Young Lady of the Tung-t'ing Lake, The 271 — Appendix A " B — 361 — 389

STRANGE STORIES FROM ACHINESE STUDIO Translated And Annotated By Herbert A. Giles In Two Volumes, Vol. II. CONTENTS. Introduction. Vol. I., pp. xiii-xxxii. STORIES. Vol. I. PAGE Vol. II. PAGE Adulteration Punished — 332 Alchemist, The — 313 Boat-girl Bride, The — 149 Boatmen of Lao-lung, The — 348 Boon Companion, The 165 — Bribery and Corruption — 170 Buddhist Priest of Ch'ang-ch'ing, The 22 — Buddhist Priests, Arrival of — 231 Butterfly's Revenge, The — 289 Carrying a Corpse — 181 Cattle Plague, The — 253 Censor in Purgatory, The — 238 Chang Pu-liang — 177 Chang's Transformation 237 — Chou K'o-ch'ang and his Ghost — 106 Clay Image, The — 276 Cloth Merchant, The — 127 Collecting Subscriptions — 220 Considerate Husband, The 158 — Country of the Cave Men, The 397 — Courage Tested — 116 Cruelty Avenged — 267 Dead Priest, The — 247 Death by Laughing 352 — Disembodied Friend, The — 119 Dishonesty Punished — 279 Doctor, The — 290 Donkey's Revenge, The — 64 Dr. Tsêng's Dream 387 — Dreaming Honours — 327 Dutch Carpet, The — 179 Dwarf, A 224 — Earthquake, An — 263 Elephants and the Lion, The — 343 Engaged to a Nun 262 — Examination for the Post of Guardian Angel 1 — Faithful Dog, The — 261 Faithful Gander, The — 342 Faithless Widow, The — 39 Feasting the Ruler of Purgatory — 284 Fêng-shui — 322 Fight with the Foxes, The 251 — Fighting Cricket, The — 17 Fighting Quails, The 66 — Fisherman and his Friend, The — 197 Flood, A 350 — Flower-nymphs, The 285 — Flying Cow, The — 249 Foot-ball on the Tung-t'ing Lake 408 — Foreign Priests 343 — Fortune-hunter Punished, The — 272 Forty Strings of Cash, The — 211 Friendship with Foxes — 300 Gambler's Talisman, The 419 — Grateful Dog, The — 308 Great Rat, The — 303 Great Test, The — 310 Hidden Treasure, The — 345 His Father's Ghost — 142 Hsiang-ju's Misfortunes 225 — Husband Punished, The 422 — Incorrupt Official, The — 358 Infernal Regions, In the — 95 Ingratitude Punished — 138 Injustice of Heaven, The — 111 Invisible Priest, The — 235 Jen Hsiu, The Gambler 196 — Joining the Immortals 53 — Jonah, A Chinese — 176 Judge Lu 92 — Justice for Rebels — 184 Killing a Serpent — 190 King, The 257 — Life Prolonged — 273 Lingering Death, The — 325 Little Chu 143 — Lo-ch'a Country and the Sea Market, The — 1 Lost Brother, The 203 — Mad Priest, The — 282 Magic Mirror, The — 114 Magic Path, The — 36 Magic Sword, The 124 — Magical Arts 47 — Magnanimous Girl, The 160 — Making Animals — 265 Man who was changed into a Crow, The 278 — Man who was thrown down a Well, The 365 — Marriage Lottery, The 428 — Marriage of the Fox's Daughter, The 26 — Marriage of the Virgin Goddess, The — 257 Master-thief, The 347 — Metempsychosis — 207 "Mirror and Listen" Trick, The — 251 Miss Chiao-no 33 — Miss Lien-hsiang, The Fox-girl 168 — Miss Quarta Hu 152 — Miss Ying-ning; or, the Laughing Girl 106 — Mr. Tung; or, Virtue Rewarded — 244 Mr. Willow and the Locusts — 242 Mysterious Head, The — 135 Painted Skin, The 76 — Painted Wall, The 9 — Performing Mice, The 218 — Perseverance Rewarded 186 — Picture Horse, The — 286 Pious Surgeon, The — 351 Planchette — 295 Planting a Pear-tree 14 — Playing at Hanging 354 — Priest's Warning, The — 205 Princess Lily, The — 56 Princess of the Tung-t'ing Lake — 43 Quarrelsome Brothers, The 313 — Raising the Dead — 318 Rat Wife, The 355 — Resuscitated Corpse, The — 193 Rip van Winkle, A Chinese — 85 Roc, The — 340 Salt Smuggler, The — 215 Saving Life — 213 Sea-serpent, The — 113 Self-punished Murderer, The 345 — She-wolf and the Herd-boys, The — 330 Shui-mang Plant, The 136 — Singing Frogs, The 217 — Singular case of Ophthalmia — 102 Singular Verdict — 307 Sisters, The 336 — Smelling Essays — 139 Snow in Summer — 294 Solomon, A Chinese — 335 Solomon, Another — 355 Spirit of the Hills, The — 137 Spirits of the Po-yang Lake, The — 109 Spiritualistic Séances — 131 Stolen Eyes, The — 233 Strange Companion, A — 130 Stream of Cash, The — 110 Supernatural Wife, A — 166 Taking Revenge — 25 Talking Pupils, The 5 — Ta-nan in Search of his Father 296 — Taoist Devotee, A — 183 Taoist Miracles — 226 Taoist Priest, A 246 — Taoist Priest of Lao-shan, The 17 — Theft of the Peach — 186 Three Genii, The 214 — Three States of Existence, The — 90 Thunder God, The 413 — Tiger Guest, The 330 — Tiger of Chao-ch'êng, The 219 — Tipsy Turtle, The — 28 Trader's Son, The 85 — Two Brides, The — 158 Unjust Sentence, The — 80 Virtuous Daughter-in-law, The 374 — Wei-ch'i Devil, The — 268 Wine Insect, The — 259 Wolf Dream, The — 73 Wolves — 305 Wonderful Stone, The 306 — Young Gentleman who couldn't spell, The 326 — Young Lady of the Tung-t'ing Lake, The 271 — Appendix A " B — 361 — 389

A HISTORY OF CHINESE LITERATURE By Herbert A. Giles

CONTENTS