Chapter VII

CROWNING THE WORK. Franklin lays the Constitution before the legislature of Pennsylvania 306 It is submitted to Congress, which refers it to the legislatures of the thirteen states, to be ratified or rejected by the people in conventions 307 First American parties, Federalists and Antifederalists 308, 309 The contest in Pennsylvania 310 How to make a quorum 311 A war of pamphlets and newspaper squibs 312, 313 Ending in the ratification of the Constitution by Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey 314 Rejoicings and mutterings 315 Georgia and Connecticut ratify 316 The outlook in Massachusetts 317, 318 The Massachusetts convention meets 319 And overhauls the Constitution clause by clause 320 On the subject of an army Mr. Nason waxes eloquent 321 The clergymen oppose a religious test 322 And Rev. Samuel West argues on the assumption that all men are not totally depraved 323 Feeling of distrust in the mountain districts 324 Timely speech of a Berkshire farmer 325, 326 Attitude of Samuel Adams 326, 327 Meeting of mechanics at the Green Dragon 327 Charges of bribery 328 Washington's fruitful suggestion 329 Massachusetts ratifies, but proposes amendments 330 The Long Lane has a turning and becomes Federal Street 331 New Hampshire hesitates, but Maryland ratifies, and all eyes are turned upon South Carolina 332 Objections of Rawlins Lowndes answered by Cotesworth Pinckney 333 South Carolina ratifies the Constitution 334 Important effect upon Virginia, where thoughts of a southern confederacy had been entertained 335, 336 Madison and Marshall prevail in the Virginia convention, and it ratifies the Constitution 337 New Hampshire had ratified four days before 338 Rejoicings at Philadelphia; riots at Providence and Albany 339 The struggle in New York 340 Origin of the "Federalist" 341–343 Hamilton wins the victory, and New York ratifies 344 All serious anxiety is now at an end; the laggard states, North Carolina and Rhode Island 345 First presidential election, January 7, 1789; Washington is unanimously chosen 346 Why Samuel Adams was not selected for vice-president 347 Selection of John Adams 348 Washington's journey to New York, April 16–23 349 His inauguration 350

THROUGH NATURE TO GOD By John Fiske

CONTENTS The Mystery of Evil I. The Serpent's Promise to the Woman 3 II. The Pilgrim's Burden 8 III. Manichæism and Calvinism 14 IV. The Dramatic Unity of Nature 22 V. What Conscious Life is made of 27 VI. Without the Element of Antagonism there could be no Consciousness, and therefore no World 34 VII. A Word of Caution 40 VIII. The Hermit and the Angel 43 IX. Man's Rise from the Innocence of Brutehood 48 X. The Relativity of Evil 54

The Cosmic Roots of Love and Self-Sacrifice I. The Summer Field, and what it tells us 59 II. Seeming Wastefulness of the Cosmic Process 65 III.[Pg xiv] Caliban's Philosophy 72 IV. Can it be that the Cosmic Process has no Relation to Moral Ends? 74 V. First Stages in the Genesis of Man 80 VI. The Central Fact in the Genesis of Man 86 VII. The Chief Cause of Man's lengthened Infancy 88 VIII. Some of its Effects 96 IX. Origin of Moral Ideas and Sentiments 102 X. The Cosmic Process exists purely for the Sake of Moral Ends 109 XI. Maternity and the Evolution of Altruism 117 XII. The Omnipresent Ethical Trend 127

The Everlasting Reality of Religion I. Deo erexit Voltaire 133 II. The Reign of Law, and the Greek Idea of God 147 III. Weakness of Materialism 152 IV. Religion's First Postulate: the Quasi-Human God 163 V. Religion's Second Postulate: the undying Human Soul 168 VI. Religion's Third Postulate: the Ethical Significance of the Unseen World 171 VII. Is the Substance of Religion a Phantom, or an Eternal Reality? 174 VIII.[Pg xv] The Fundamental Aspect of Life 177 IX. How the Evolution of Senses expands the World 182 X. Nature's Eternal Lesson is the Everlasting Reality of Religion 186

A CENTURY OF SCIENCE And Other Essays By John Fiske

CONTENTS PAGE I. A Century of Science 1 II. The Doctrine of Evolution: its Scope and Purport 39 III. Edward Livingston Youmans 64 IV. The Part played by Infancy in the Evolution of Man 100 V. The Origins of Liberal Thought in America 122 VI. Sir Harry Vane 154 VII. The Arbitration Treaty 166 VIII. Francis Parkman 194 IX. Edward Augustus Freeman 265 X. Cambridge as Village and City 286 XI. A Harvest of Irish Folk-Lore 319 XII. Guessing at Half and Multiplying by Two 333 XIII. Forty Years of Bacon-Shakespeare Folly 350 XIV. Some Cranks and their Crotchets 405 Note 461 Index 467

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION By John Fiske With Many Illustrations TWO VOLUMES IN ONE

CONTENTS