Chapter I: , Of Truth of Vegetation

§ 1. Frequent occurrence of foliage in the works of the old masters. 384 § 2. Laws common to all forest trees. Their branches do not taper, but only divide. 385 § 3. Appearance of tapering caused by frequent buds. 385 § 4. And care of nature to conceal the parallelism. 386 § 5. The degree of tapering which may be represented as continuous. 386 § 6. The trees of Gaspar Poussin. 386 § 7. And of the Italian school generally, defy this law. 387 § 8. The truth, as it is given by J. D. Harding. 387 § 9. Boughs, in consequence of this law, must diminish where they divide. Those of the old masters often do not. 388 § 10. Boughs must multiply as they diminish. Those of the old masters do not. 389 § 11. Bough-drawing of Salvator. 390 § 12. All these errors especially shown in Claude's sketches, and concentrated in a work of G. Poussin's. 391 § 13. Impossibility of the angles of boughs being taken out of them by wind. 392 § 14. Bough-drawing of Titian. 392 § 15. Bough-drawing of Turner. 394 § 16. Leafage. Its variety and symmetry. 394 § 17. Perfect regularity of Poussin. 395 § 18. Exceeding intricacy of nature's foliage. 396 § 19. How contradicted by the tree-patterns of G. Poussin. 396 § 20. How followed by Creswick. 397 § 21. Perfect unity in nature's foliage. 398 § 22. Total want of it in Both and Hobbima. 398 § 23. How rendered by Turner. 399 § 24. The near leafage of Claude. His middle distances are good. 399 § 25. Universal termination of trees in symmetrical curves. 400 § 26. Altogether unobserved by the old masters. Always given by Turner. 401 § 27. Foliage painting on the Continent. 401 § 28. Foliage of J. D. Harding. Its deficiencies. 402 § 29. His brilliancy of execution too manifest. 403 § 30. His bough-drawing, and choice of form. 404 § 31. Local color, how far expressible in black and white, and with what advantage.[Page lxxii] 404 § 32. Opposition between great manner and great knowledge. 406 § 33. Foliage of Cox, Fielding, and Cattermole. 406 § 34. Hunt and Creswick. Green, how to be rendered expressive of light, and offensive if otherwise. 407 § 35. Conclusion. Works of J. Linnel and S. Palmer. 407 Chapter II., General remarks respecting the Truth of Turner § 1. No necessity of entering into discussion of architectural truth. 409 § 2. Extreme difficulty of illustrating or explaining the highest truth. 410 § 3. The positive rank of Turner is in no degree shown in the foregoing pages, but only his relative rank. 410 § 4. The exceeding refinement of his truth. 411 § 5. There is nothing in his works which can be enjoyed without knowledge. 411 § 6. And nothing which knowledge will not enable us to enjoy. 412 § 7. His former rank and progress. 412 § 8. Standing of his present works. Their mystery is the consequence of their fulness. 413