Chapter II: Part 2

TO THE INDIANAPOLIS CLERGY. (1882.) Rev. David Walk—Character of Jesus—Two or Three Christs Described in the Gospels—Christ's Change of Opinions—Gospels Later than the Epistles—Divine Parentage of Christ a Late Belief—The Man Christ probably a Historical Character—Jesus Belittled by his Worshipers—He never Claimed to be Divine—Christ's Omissions—Difference between Christian and other Modern Civilizations—Civilization not Promoted by Religion—Inventors—French and American Civilization: How Produced—Intemperance and Slavery in Christian Nations—Advance due to Inventions and Discoveries—Missionaries—Christian Nations Preserved by Bayonet and Ball—Dr. T. B. Taylor—Origin of Life on this Planet—Sir William Thomson—Origin of Things Undiscoverable—Existence after Death—Spiritualists—If the Dead Return—Our Calendar—Christ and Christmas-The Existence of Pain—Plato's Theory of Evil—Will God do Better in Another World than he does in this?—Consolation—Life Not a Probationary Stage—Rev. D.O'Donaghue—The Case of Archibald Armstrong and Jonathan Newgate—Inequalities of Life—Can Criminals live a Contented Life?—Justice of the Orthodox God Illustrated. THE BROOKLYN DIVINES.

(1883.) Are the Books of Atheistic or Infidel Writers Extensively Read?—Increase in the Number of Infidels—Spread of Scientific Literature—Rev. Dr. Eddy—Rev. Dr. Hawkins—Rev. Dr. Haynes—Rev. Mr. Pullman—Rev. Mr. Foote—Rev. Mr. Wells—Rev. Dr. Van Dyke—Rev. Carpenter—Rev. Mr. Reed—Rev. Dr. McClelland—Ministers Opposed to Discussion—Whipping Children—Worldliness as a Foe of the Church—The Drama—Human Love—Fires, Cyclones, and Other Afflictions as Promoters of Spirituality—Class Distinctions—Rich and Poor—Aristocracies—The Right to Choose One's Associates—Churches Social Affairs—Progress of the Roman Catholic Church—Substitutes for the Churches—Henry Ward Beecher—How far Education is Favored by the Sects—Rivals of the Pulpit—Christianity Now and One Hundred Years Ago—French Revolution produced by the Priests—Why the Revolution was a Failure—Infidelity of One Hundred Years Ago—Ministers not more Intellectual than a Century Ago—Great Preachers of the Past—New Readings of Old Texts—Clerical Answerers of Infidelity—Rev. Dr. Baker—Father Fransiola—Faith and Reason—Democracy of Kindness—Moral Instruction—Morality Born of Human Needs—The Conditions of Happiness—The Chief End of Man. THE LIMITATIONS OF TOLERATION.

(1888.) Discussion between Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, Hon. Frederic R. Coudert, and ex-Gov. Stewart L. Woodford before the Nineteenth Century Club of New York—Propositions—Toleration not a Disclaimer but a Waiver of the Right to Persecute—Remarks of Courtlandt Palmer—No Responsibility for Thought—Intellectual Hospitality—Right of Free Speech—Origin of the term "Toleration"—Slander and False Witness—Nobody can Control his own Mind: Anecdote—Remarks of Mr. Coudert—Voltaire, Rousseau, Hugo, and Ingersoll—General Woodford's Speech—Reply by Colonel Ingersoll—A Catholic Compelled to Pay a Compliment to Voltaire—Responsibility for Thoughts—The Mexican Unbeliever and his Reception in the Other Country. A CHRISTMAS SERMON.

(1891.) Christianity's Message of Grief—Christmas a Pagan Festival—Reply to Dr. Buckley—Charges by the Editor of the Christian Advocate—The Tidings of Christianity—In what the Message of Grief Consists—Fear and Flame—An Everlasting Siberia—Dr. Buckley's Proposal to Boycott the Telegram—Reply to Rev. J. M. King and Rev. Thomas Dixon, Jr. Cana Day be Blasphemed?—Hurting Christian feelings—For Revenue only What is Blasphemy?—Balaam's Ass wiser than the Prophet—The Universalists—Can God do Nothing for this World?—The Universe a Blunder if Christianity is true—The Duty of a Newspaper—Facts Not Sectarian—The Rev. Mr. Peters—What Infidelity Has Done—Public School System not Christian—Orthodox Universities—Bruno on Oxford—As to Public Morals—No Rewards or Punishments in the Universe—The Atonement Immoral—As to Sciences and Art—Bruno, Humboldt, Darwin—Scientific Writers Opposed by the Church—As to the Liberation of Slaves—As to the Reclamation of Inebriates—Rum and Religion—The Humanity of Infidelity—What Infidelity says to the Dying—The Battle Continued—Morality not Assailed by an Attack on Christianity—The Inquisition and Religious Persecution—Human Nature Derided by Christianity—Dr. DaCosta—"Human Brotherhood" as exemplified by the History of the Church—The Church and Science, Art and Learning——Astronomy's Revenge—Galileo and Kepler—Mrs. Browning: Science Thrust into the Brain of Europe—Our Numerals—Christianity and Literature—Institution's of Learning—Stephen Girard—James Lick—Our Chronology—Historians—Natural Philosophy—Philology—Metaphysical Research—Intelligence, Hindoo, Egyptian—Inventions—John Ericsson—Emancipators—Rev. Mr. Ballou—The Right of Goa to Punish—Rev. Dr. Hillier—Rev. Mr. Haldeman—George A. Locey—The "Great Physician"—Rev. Mr. Talmage—Rev. J. Benson Hamilton—How Voltaire Died—The Death-bed of Thomas Paine—Rev. Mr. Holloway—Original Sin—Rev. Dr. Tyler—The Good Samaritan a Heathen—Hospitals and Asylums—Christian Treatment of the Insane—Rev. Dr. Buckley—The North American Review Discussion—Judge Black, Dr. Field, Mr. Gladstone—Circulation of Obscene Literature—Eulogy of Whiskey—Eulogy of Tobacco—Human Stupidity that Defies the Gods—Rev. Charles Deems—Jesus a Believer in a Personal Devil—The Man Christ. SUICIDE OF JUDGE NORMILE.

(1892.) Reply to the Western Watchman—Henry D'Arcy—Peter's Prevarication-Some Excellent Pagans-Heartlessness of a Catholic—Wishes do not Affect the Judgment—Devout Robbers—Penitent Murderers—Reverential Drunkards—Luther's Distich—Judge Normile—Self-destruction. IS SUICIDE A SIN?

(1894.) Col. Ingersoll's First Letter in The New York World—Under what Circumstances a Man has the Right to take his Own Life—Medicine and the Decrees of God—Case of the Betrayed Girl—Suicides not Cowards—Suicide under Roman Law—Many Suicides Insane—Insanity Caused by Religion—The Law against Suicide Cruel and Idiotic—Natural and Sufficient Cause for Self-destruction—Christ's Death a Suicide—Col. Ingersoll's Reply to his Critics—Is Suffering the Work of God?—It is not Man's Duty to Endure Hopeless Suffering—When Suicide is Justifiable—The Inquisition—Alleged Cowardice of Suicides—Propositions Demonstrated—Suicide the Foundation of the Christian Religion—Redemption and Atonement—The Clergy on Infidelity and Suicide—Morality and Unbelief—Better injure yourself than Another—Misquotation by Opponents—Cheerful View the Best—The Wonder is that Men endure—Suicide a Sin (Interview in The New York Journal)—Causes of Suicide—Col. Ingersoll Does Not Advise Suicide—Suicides with Tracts or Bibles in their Pockets—Suicide a Sin (Interview in The New York Herald)—Comments on Rev. Alerle St. Croix Wright's Sermon—Suicide and Sanity (Interview in The York World)—As to the Cowardice of Suicide—Germany and the Prevalence of Suicide—Killing of Idiots and Defective Infants—Virtue, Morality, and Religion. IS AVARICE TRIUMPHANT?

(1891.) Reply to General Rush Hawkins' Article, "Brutality and Avarice Triumphant"—Croakers and Prophets of Evil—Medical Treatment for Believers in Universal Evil—Alleged Fraud in Army Contracts—Congressional Extravagance—Railroad "Wreckers"—How Stockholders in Some Roads Lost Their Money—The Star-Route Trials—Timber and Public Lands—Watering Stock—The Formation of Trusts—Unsafe Hotels: European Game and Singing Birds—Seal Fisheries—Cruelty to Animals—Our Indians—Sensible and Manly Patriotism—Days of Brutality—Defence of Slavery by the Websters, Bentons, and Clays—Thirty Years' Accomplishment—Ennobling Influence of War for the Right—The Lady ana the Brakeman—American Esteem of Honesty in Business—Republics do not Tend to Official Corruption—This the Best Country in the World. A REPLY TO THE CINCINNATI GAZETTE AND CATHOLIC TELEGRAPH.

(1878.) Defence of the Lecture on Moses—How Biblical Miracles are sought to be Proved—Some Non Sequiturs—A Grammatical Criticism—Christianity Destructive of Manners—Cuvier and Agassiz on Mosaic Cosmogony—Clerical Advance agents—Christian Threats and Warnings—Catholicism the Upas Tree—Hebrew Scholarship as a Qualification for Deciding Probababilities —Contradictions and Mistranslations of the Bible—Number of Errors in the Scriptures—The Sunday Question. AN INTERVIEW ON CHIEF JUSTICE COMEGYS.

(1881.) Charged with Blasphemy in the State of Delaware—Can a Conditionless Deity be Injured?—Injustice the only Blasphemy—The Lecture in Delaware—Laws of that State—All Sects in turn Charged with Blasphemy—Heresy Consists in making God Better than he is Thought to Be—A Fatal Biblical Passage—Judge Comegys—Wilmington Preachers—States with Laws against Blasphemy—No Danger of Infidel Mobs—No Attack on the State of Delaware Contemplated—Comegys a Resurrection—Grand Jury's Refusal to Indict—Advice about the Cutting out of Heretics' Tongues—Objections to the Whipping-post—Mr. Bergh's Bill—One Remedy for Wife-beating. A REPLY TO REV. DRS. THOMAS AND LORIMER.

(1882.) Solemnity—Charged with Being Insincere—Irreverence—Old Testament Better than the New—"Why Hurt our Feelings?"—Involuntary Action of the Brain—Source of our Conceptions of Space—Good and Bad—Right and Wrong—The Minister, the Horse and the Lord's Prayer—Men Responsible for their Actions—The "Gradual" Theory Not Applicable to the Omniscient—Prayer Powerless to Alter Results—Religious Persecution—Orthodox Ministers Made Ashamed of their Creed—Purgatory—Infidelity and Baptism Contrasted—Modern Conception of the Universe—The Golden Bridge of Life—"The Only Salutation"—The Test for Admission to Heaven—"Scurrility." A REPLY TO REV. JOHN HALL AND WARNER VAN NORDEN.

(1892.) Dr. Hall has no Time to Discuss the subject of Starving Workers—Cloakmakers' Strike—Warner Van Norden of the Church Extension Society—The Uncharitableness of Organized Charity—Defence of the Cloakmakers—Life of the Underpaid—On the Assertion that Assistance encourages Idleness and Crime—The Man without Pity an Intellectual Beast—Tendency of Prosperity to Breed Selfishness—Thousands Idle without Fault—Egotism of Riches—Van Norden's Idea of Happiness—The Worthy Poor. A REPLY TO THE REV. DR. PLUMB.

(1898.) Interview in a Boston Paper—Why should a Minister call this a "Poor" World?—Would an Infinite God make People who Need a Redeemer?—Gospel Gossip—Christ's Sayings Repetitions—The Philosophy of Confucius—Rev. Mr. Mills—The Charge of "Robbery"—The Divine Plan. A REPLY TO THE NEW YORK CLERGY ON SUPERSTITION.

(1898.) Interview in the New York Journal—Rev. Roberts. MacArthur—A Personal Devil—Devils who held Conversations with Christ not simply personifications of Evil—The Temptation—The "Man of Straw"—Christ's Mission authenticated by the Casting Out of Devils—Spain—God Responsible for the Actions of Man—Rev. Dr. J. Lewis Parks—Rev. Dr. E. F. Moldehnke—Patience amidst the Misfortunes of Others—Yellow Fever as a Divine Agent—The Doctrine that All is for the Best—Rev. Mr. Hamlin—Why Did God Create a Successful Rival?—A Compliment by the Rev. Mr. Belcher—Rev. W. C. Buchanan—No Argument Old until it is Answered—Why should God Create sentient Beings to be Damned?—Rev. J. W. Campbell—Rev. Henry Frank—Rev. E. C.J. Kraeling on Christ and the Devil—Would he make a World like This?

VOLUME VIII.--INTERVIEWS

INTERVIEWS THE BIBLE AND A FUTURE LIFE MRS. VAN COTT, THE REVIVALIST EUROPEAN TRIP AND GREENBACK QUESTION THE PRE-MILLENNIAL CONFERENCE. THE SOLID SOUTH AND RESUMPTION. THE SUNDAY LAWS OF PITTSBURG.* POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS. POLITICS AND GEN. GRANT POLITICS, RELIGION AND THOMAS PAINE. REPLY TO CHICAGO CRITICS. THE REPUBLICAN VICTORY. INGERSOLL AND BEECHER.* POLITICAL. RELIGION IN POLITICS. MIRACLES AND IMMORTALITY. THE POLITICAL OUTLOOK. MR. BEECHER, MOSES AND THE NEGRO. HADES, DELAWARE AND FREETHOUGHT. A REPLY TO THE REV. MR. LANSING.* BEACONSFIELD, LENT AND REVIVALS. ANSWERING THE NEW YORK MINISTERS.* GUITEAU AND HIS CRIME.* DISTRICT SUFFRAGE. FUNERAL OF JOHN G. MILLS AND IMMORTALITY.* STAR ROUTE AND POLITICS.* THE INTERVIEWER. POLITICS AND PROHIBITION. THE REPUBLICAN DEFEAT IN OHIO. THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. JUSTICE HARLAN AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. POLITICS AND THEOLOGY. MORALITY AND IMMORTALITY. POLITICS, MORMONISM AND MR. BEECHER FREE TRADE AND CHRISTIANITY. THE OATH QUESTION. WENDELL PHILLIPS, FITZ JOHN PORTER AND BISMARCK. GENERAL SUBJECTS. REPLY TO KANSAS CITY CLERGY. SWEARING AND AFFIRMING. REPLY TO A BUFFALO CRITIC. BLASPHEMY.* POLITICS AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. INGERSOLL CATECHISED. BLAINE'S DEFEAT. BLAINE'S DEFEAT. PLAGIARISM AND POLITICS. RELIGIOUS PREJUDICE. CLEVELAND AND HIS CABINET. RELIGION, PROHIBITION, AND GEN. GRANT. HELL OR SHEOL AND OTHER SUBJECTS. INTERVIEWING, POLITICS AND SPIRITUALISM. MY BELIEF. SOME LIVE TOPICS. THE PRESIDENT AND SENATE. ATHEISM AND CITIZENSHIP. THE LABOR QUESTION. RAILROADS AND POLITICS. PROHIBITION. HENRY GEORGE AND LABOR. LABOR QUESTION AND SOCIALISM. HENRY GEORGE AND SOCIALISM. REPLY TO THE REV. B. F. MORSE.* INGERSOLL ON McGLYNN. TRIAL OF THE CHICAGO ANARCHISTS. THE STAGE AND THE PULPIT. ROSCOE CONKLING. THE CHURCH AND THE STAGE. PROTECTION AND FREE TRADE. LABOR, AND TARIFF REFORM. CLEVELAND AND THURMAN. THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM OF 1888. JAMES G. BLAINE AND POLITICS. THE MILLS BILL. SOCIETY AND ITS CRIMINALS* WOMAN'S RIGHT TO DIVORCE. SECULARISM. SUMMER RECREATION—MR. GLADSTONE. PROHIBITION. ROBERT ELSMERE. WORKING GIRLS. PROTECTION FOR AMERICAN ACTORS. LIBERALS AND LIBERALISM. POPE LEO XIII. THE SACREDNESS OF THE SABBATH. THE WEST AND SOUTH. THE WESTMINSTER CREED AND OTHER SUBJECTS. SHAKESPEARE AND BACON. GROWING OLD GRACEFULLY, AND PRESBYTERIANISM. CREEDS. THE TENDENCY OF MODERN THOUGHT. WOMAN SUFFRAGE, HORSE RACING, AND MONEY. MISSIONARIES. MY BELIEF AND UNBELIEF.* MUST RELIGION GO? WORD PAINTING AND COLLEGE EDUCATION. PERSONAL MAGNETISM AND THE SUNDAY QUESTION. AUTHORS. INEBRIETY.* MIRACLES, THEOSOPHY AND SPIRITUALISM. TOLSTOY AND LITERATURE. WOMAN IN POLITICS. SPIRITUALISM. PLAYS AND PLAYERS. WOMAN. STRIKES, EXPANSION AND OTHER SUBJECTS. SUNDAY A DAY OF PLEASURE. THE PARLIAMENT OF RELIGIONS. CLEVELAND'S HAWAIIAN POLICY. ORATORS AND ORATORY.* CATHOLICISM AND PROTESTANTISM. THE POPE, THE A. P. A., AGNOSTICISM WOMAN AND HER DOMAIN. PROFESSOR SWING. SENATOR SHERMAN AND HIS BOOK.* REPLY TO THE CHRISTIAN ENDEAVORERS. SPIRITUALISM. A LITTLE OF EVERYTHING. IS LIFE WORTH LIVING—CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND POLITICS. VIVISECTION. DIVORCE. MUSIC, NEWSPAPERS, LYNCHING AND ARBITRATION. A VISIT TO SHAW'S GARDEN. THE VENEZUELAN BOUNDARY DISCUSSION AND THE WHIPPING-POST. COLONEL SHEPARD'S STAGE HORSES.* A REPLY TO THE REV. L. A. BANKS. CUBA—ZOLA AND THEOSOPHY. HOW TO BECOME AN ORATOR. JOHN RUSSELL YOUNG AND EXPANSION. PSYCHICAL RESEARCH AND THE BIBLE.* THIS CENTURY'S GLORIES. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND THE WHIPPING-POST. EXPANSION AND TRUSTS.*

VOLUME IX.--POLITICAL

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX. AN ADDRESS TO THE COLORED PEOPLE. SPEECH AT INDIANAPOLIS. CENTENNIAL ORATION. BANGOR SPEECH. COOPER UNION SPEECH, NEW YORK. INDIANAPOLIS SPEECH. CHICAGO SPEECH. EIGHT TO SEVEN ADDRESS. HARD TIMES AND THE WAY OUT. SUFFRAGE ADDRESS. WALL STREET SPEECH. BROOKLYN SPEECH. ADDRESS TO THE 86TH ILLINOIS REGIMENT. DECORATION DAY ORATION. DECORATION DAY ADDRESS. RATIFICATION SPEECH. REUNION ADDRESS. THE CHICAGO AND NEW YORK GOLD SPEECH. DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX. AN ADDRESS TO THE COLORED PEOPLE.

(1867.) Slavery and its Justification by Law and Religion—Its Destructive Influence upon Nations—Inauguration of the Modern Slave Trade by the Portuguese Gonzales—Planted upon American Soil—The Abolitionists, Clarkson, Wilberforce, and Others—The Struggle in England—Pioneers in San Domingo, Oge and Chevannes—Early Op-posers of Slavery in America—William Lloyd Garrison—Wendell Phillips, Charles Sumner, John Brown—The Fugitive Slave Law—The Emancipation Proclamation—Dread of Education in the South—Advice to the Colored People. INDIANAPOLIS SPEECH.

(1868.) Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus—Precedent Established by the Revolutionary Fathers—Committees of Safety appointed by the Continental Congress—Arrest of Disaffected Persons in Pennsylvania and Delaware—Interference with Elections—Resolution of Continental Congress with respect to Citizens who Opposed the sending of Deputies to the Convention of New York—Penalty for refusing to take Continental Money or Pray for the American Cause—Habeas Corpus Suspended during the Revolution—Interference with Freedom of the Press—Negroes Freed and allowed to Fight in the Continental Army—Crispus Attacks—An Abolition Document issued by Andrew Jackson—Majority rule—Slavery and the Rebellion—Tribute to General Grant. SPEECH NOMINATING BLAINE. (1876.) Note descriptive of the Occasion—Demand of the Republicans of the United States—Resumption—The Plumed Knight. CENTENNIAL ORATION.

(1876.) One Hundred Years ago, our Fathers retired the Gods from Politics—The Declaration of Independence—Meaning of the Declaration—The Old Idea of the Source of Political Power—Our Fathers Educated by their Surroundings—The Puritans—Universal Religious Toleration declared by the Catholics of Maryland—Roger Williams—Not All of our Fathers in favor of Independence—Fortunate Difference in Religious Views—Secular Government—Authority derived from the People—The Declaration and the Beginning of the War—What they Fought For—Slavery—Results of a Hundred Years of Freedom—The Declaration Carried out in Letter and Spirit. BANGOR SPEECH.

(1876.) The Hayes Campaign—Reasons for Voting the Republican Ticket—Abolition of Slavery—Preservation of the Union—Reasons for Not Trusting the Democratic Party—Record of the Republican Party—Democrats Assisted the South—Paper Money—Enfranchisement of the Negroes—Samuel J. Tilden—His Essay on Finance. COOPER UNION SPEECH, NEW YORK.

COOPER UNION SPEECH, NEW YORK. (1876.) All Citizens Stockholders in the United States of America—The Democratic Party a Hungry Organization—Political Parties Contrasted—The Fugitive Slave Law a Disgrace to Hell in its Palmiest Days—Feelings of the Democracy Hurt on the Subject of Religion—Defence of Slavery in a Resolution of the Presbyterians, South—State of the Union at the Time the Republican Party was Born—Jacob Thompson—The National Debt—Protection of Citizens Abroad—Tammany Hall: Its Relation to the Penitentiary—The Democratic Party of New York City—"What Hands!"—Free Schools. INDIANAPOLIS SPEECH.

(1876.) Address to the Veteran Soldiers of the Rebellion—Objections to the Democratic Party—The Men who have been Democrats—Why I am a Republican—Free Labor and Free Thought—A Vision of War—Democratic Slander of the Greenback—Shall the People who Saved the Country Rule It?—On Finance—Government Cannot Create Money—The Greenback Dollar a Mortgage upon the Country—Guarantees that the Debt will be Paid-'The Thoroughbred and the Mule—The Column of July, Paris—The Misleading Guide Board, the Dismantled Mill, and the Place where there had been a Hotel, CHICAGO SPEECH.

(1876.) The Plea of "Let Bygones be Bygones"—Passport of the Democratic Party—Right of the General Government to send Troops into Southern States for the Protection of Colored People—Abram S. Hewitt's Congratulatory Letter to the Negroes—The Demand for Inflation of the Currency—Record of Rutherford B. Hayes—Contrasted with Samuel J. Tilden—Merits of the Republican Party—Negro and Southern White—The Superior Man—"No Nation founded upon Injustice can Permanently Stand." EIGHT TO SEVEN ADDRESS.

(1877.) On the Electoral Commission—Reminiscences of the Hayes-Tilden Camp— Constitution of the Electoral College—Characteristics of the Members— Frauds at the Ballot Box Poisoning the Fountain of Power—Reforms Suggested—Elections too Frequent—The Professional Office-seeker—A Letter on Civil Service Reform—Young Men Advised against Government Clerkships—Too Many Legislators and too Much Legislation—Defect in the Constitution as to the Mode of Electing a President—Protection of Citizens by State and General Governments—The Dual Government in South Carolina—Ex-Rebel Key in the President's Cabinet—Implacables and Bourbons South and North—"I extend to you each and all the Olive Branch of Peace." HARD TIMES AND THE WAY OUT.

(1878.) Capital and Labor—What is a Capitalist?—The Idle and the Industrious Artisans—No Conflict between Capital and Labor—A Period of Inflation and Speculation—Life and Fire Insurance Agents—Business done on Credit—The Crash, Failure, and Bankruptcy—Fall in the Price of Real Estate a Form of Resumption—Coming back to Reality—Definitions of Money Examined—Not Gold and Silver but Intelligent Labor the Measure of Value—Government cannot by Law Create Wealth—A Bill of Fare not a Dinner—Fiat Money—American Honor Pledged to the Maintenance of the Greenbacks—The Cry against Holders of Bonds—Criminals and Vagabonds to be supported—Duty of Government to Facilitate Enterprise—More Men must Cultivate the Soil—Government Aid for the Overcoming of Obstacles too Great for Individual Enterprise—The Palace Builders the Friends of Labor—Extravagance the best Form of Charity—Useless to Boost a Man who is not Climbing—The Reasonable Price for Labor—The Vagrant and his strange and winding Path—What to tell the Working Men. SUFFRAGE ADDRESS.

(1880.) The Right to Vote—All Women who desire the Suffrage should have It—Shall the People of the District of Columbia Manage their Own Affairs—Their Right to a Representative in Congress and an Electoral Vote—Anomalous State of Affairs at the Capital of the Republic—Not the Wealthy and Educated alone should Govern—The Poor as Trustworthy as the Rich—Strict Registration Laws Needed. WALL STREET SPEECH.

(1880.) Obligation of New York to Protect the Best Interests of the Country—Treason and Forgery of the Democratic Party in its Appeal to Sword and Pen—The One Republican in the Penitentiary of Maine—The Doctrine of State Sovereignty—Protection for American Brain and Muscle—Hancock on the Tariff—A Forgery (the Morey letter) Committed and upheld—The Character of James A. Garfield. BROOKLYN SPEECH.

(1880.) Introduced by Henry Ward Beecher (note)—Some Patriotic Democrats—Freedom of Speech North and South—An Honest Ballot— ADDRESS TO THE 86TH ILLINOIS REGIMENT.

DECORATION DAY ORATION.

DECORATION DAY ADDRESS.

RATIFICATION SPEECH.

REUNION ADDRESS.

THE CHICAGO AND NEW YORK GOLD SPEECH.

VOLUME X.--LEGAL

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME X. ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE MUNN TRIAL. CLOSING ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE FIRST STAR ROUTE TRIAL. OPENING ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE SECOND STAR ROUTE TRIAL. CLOSING ADDRESS IN SECOND STAR ROUTE TRIAL ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE DAVIS WILL CASE. ARGUMENT BEFORE THE VICE-CHANCELLOR IN THE RUSSELL CASE. DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME X. ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE MUNN TRIAL.

Demoralization caused by Alcohol—Note from the Chicago Times—Prejudice—Review of the Testimony of Jacob Rehm—Perjury Characterized—The Defendant and the Offence Charged (p. 21)—Testimony of Golsen Reviewed—Rehm's Testimony before the Grand Jury—Good Character (p. 29)—Suspicion not Evidence. CLOSING ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE FIRST STAR ROUTE TRIAL.

CLOSING ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE FIRST STAR ROUTE TRIAL. Note from the Washington Capital—The Assertion Denied that we are a Demoralized Country and that our Country is Distinguished among the Nations only for Corruption—Duties of Jurors and Duties of Lawyers—Section under which the Indictment is Found—Cases cited to Show that Overt Acts charged and also the Crime itself must be Proved as Described—Routes upon which Indictments are Based and Overt Acts Charged (pp. 54-76)—Routes on which the Making of False Claims is Alleged—Authorities on Proofs of Conspiracy (pp. 91-94)—Examination of the Evidence against Stephen W. and John W. Dorsey (pp. 96-117)—The Corpus Delicti in a Case of Conspiracy and the Acts Necessary to be Done in Order to Establish Conspiracy (pp. 120-123)—Testimony of Walsh and the Confession of Rerdell—Extravagance in Mail Carrying (p. 128)—Productiveness of Mail Routes (p. 131)—Hypothesis of Guilt and Law of Evidence—Dangerous Influence of Suspicion—Terrorizing the Jury—The Woman at Her Husband's Side. OPENING ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE SECOND STAR ROUTE TRIAL.

Juries the Bulwark of Civil Liberty—Suspicion Not Evidence—Brief Statement of the Case—John M. Peck, John W. Dorsey, Stephen W. Dorsey, John R. Miner, Mr. (A. E. ) Boone (p.p. 150-156)—The Clendenning Bonds—Miner's, Peck's, and Dorsey's Bids—Why they Bid on Cheap Routes—Number of Routes upon which there are Indictments—The Arrangement between Stephen W. Dorsey and John R. Miner—Appearance of Mr. Vaile in the Contracts—Partnership Formed—The Routes Divided—Senator Dorsey's Course after Getting the Routes—His Routes turned over to James W. Bosler—Profits of the Business (p. 181)—The Petitions for More Mails—Productive and Unproductive Post-offices—Men who Add to the Wealth of the World—Where the Idea of the Productiveness of Post routes was Hatched—Cost of Letters to Recipients in 1843—The Overland Mail (p. 190)—Loss in Distributing the Mail in the District of Columbia and Other Territories—Post-office the only Evidence of National Beneficence—Profit and Loss of Mail Carrying—Orders Antedated, and Why—Routes Increased and Expedited—Additional Bonds for Additional Trips—The Charge that Pay was Received when the Mail was not Carried—Fining on Shares—Subcontracts for Less than the Original Contracts—Pay on Discontinued Routes—Alleged False Affidavits—Right of Petition—Reviewing the Ground. CLOSING ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE SECOND STAR ROUTE TRIAL. Scheme of the Indictment—Story of the Case—What Constitutes Fraudulent Bidding—How a Conspiracy Must be Proved—The Hypothesis of Guilt and Law of Evidence—Conversation Unsatisfactory Evidence—Fallibility of Memory—Proposition to Produce Mr. Dorsey's Books—Interruption of the Court to Decide that Primary Evidence, having Once been Refused, can not afterwards be Introduced to Contradict Secondary Evidence—A Defendant may not be Presumed into the Penitentiary—A Decision by Justice Field—The Right of Petition—Was there a Conspiracy?—Dorsey's Benevolence (p. 250)—The Chico Springs Letter—Evidence of Moore Reviewed—Mr. Ker's Defective Memory—The Informer System—Testimony of Rerdell Reviewed—His Letter to Dorsey (p. 304)—The Affidavit of Rerdell and Dorsey—Petitions for Faster Time—Uncertainty Regarding Handwriting—Government Should be Incapable of Deceit—Rerdell's withdrawal of the Plea of Not Guilty (p. 362)—Informers, their Immunity and Evidence—Nailing Down the Lid of Rerdell's Coffin—Mistakes of Messrs. Ker and Merrick and the Court—Letter of H. M. Vaile to the Sixth Auditor—Miner's Letter to Carey—Miner, Peck & Co. to Frank A. Tuttle—Answering Points Raised by Mr. Bliss (396 et seq.)—Evidence regarding the Payment of Money by Dorsey to Brady—A. E. Boone's Testimony Reviewed—Secrecy of Contractors Regarding the Amount of their Bids—Boone's Partnership Agreement with Dorsey—Explanation of Bids in Different Names—Omission of Instructions from Proposals (p. 450)—Accusation that Senator Mitchell was the Paid Agent of the Defendants—Alleged Sneers at Things held Sacred—What is a Conspiracy?—The Theory that there was a Conspiracy—Dorsey's Alleged Interest—The Two Affidavits in Evidence—Inquiry of General Miles—Why the Defendant's Books were not Produced—Tames W. Bosler's Testimony Read (p. 500)—The Court shown to be Mistaken Regarding a Decision Previously Made (pp. 496-502)—No Logic in Abuse—Charges against John W. Miner—Testimony of A. W. Moore Reviewed-The Verdict Predicted—The Defendants in the Case—What is left for the Jury to Say—Remarks of Messrs. Henkle and Davidge—The Verdict. ADDRESS TO THE JURY IN THE DAVIS WILL CASE.

Note from the Anaconda Standard—Senator Sander's Warning to the Jury Not to be Enticed by Sinners—Evidence, based on Quality of Handwriting, that Davis did not Write the Will—Evidence of the Spelling—Assertion that the Will was Forged—Peculiarities of Eddy's Handwriting—Holes in Sconce's Signature and Reputation—His Memory—Business Sagacity of Davis—His Alleged Children—Date of his Death—Testimony of Mr. Knight—Ink used in Writing the Will—Expert Evidence—Speechlessness of John A. Davis—Eddy's Failure to take the Stand—Testimony of Carruthers—Relatives of Sconce—Mary Ann Davis's Connections—The Family Tree—The Signature of the Will—What the Evidence Shows—Duty and Opportunity of the Jury. ARGUMENT BEFORE THE VICE-CHANCELLOR IN THE RUSSELL CASE.

Antenuptial Waiving of Dower by Women—A Case from Illinois—At What Age Men and Women Cease to Feel the Tender Flame—Russell's Bargain with Mrs. Russell—Antenuptial Contract and Parole Agreement—Definition of "Liberal Provision "—The Woman not Bound by a Contract Made in Ignorance of the Facts—Contract Destroyed by Deception.

VOLUME XI.--MISCELLANY

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME XI. ADDRESS ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT. TRIAL OF C. B. REYNOLDS FOR BLASPHEMY. GOD IN THE CONSTITUTION. A REPLY TO BISHOP SPALDING. CRIMES AGAINST CRIMINALS. A WOODEN GOD. SOME INTERROGATION POINTS. ART AND MORALITY. THE DIVIDED HOUSEHOLD OF FAITH. WHY AM I AN AGNOSTIC? HUXLEY AND AGNOSTICISM. ERNEST RENAN. TOLSTOÏ AND "THE KREUTZER SONATA." THOMAS PAINE. THE THREE PHILANTHROPISTS. SHOULD THE CHINESE BE EXCLUDED? A WORD ABOUT EDUCATION. WHAT I WANT FOR CHRISTMAS. FOOL FRIENDS. INSPIRATION THE TRUTH OF HISTORY. HOW TO EDIT A LIBERAL PAPER. SECULARISM. CRITICISM OF "ROBERT ELSMERE," "JOHN WARD, PREACHER," AND "AN AFRICAN FARM." THE LIBEL LAWS REV. DR. NEWTON'S SERMON ON A NEW RELIGION. AN ESSAY ON CHRISTMAS. HAS FREETHOUGHT A CONSTRUCTIVE SIDE? THE IMPROVED MAN. EIGHT HOURS MUST COME. THE JEWS. CRUMBLING CREEDS. OUR SCHOOLS. VIVISECTION. THE CENSUS ENUMERATOR'S OFFICIAL CATECHISM. THE AGNOSTIC CHRISTMAS SPIRITUALITY. SUMTER'S GUN. WHAT INFIDELS HAVE DONE. CRUELTY IN THE ELMIRA REFORMATORY. LAW'S DELAY. THE BIGOTRY OF COLLEGES. A YOUNG MAN'S CHANCES TO-DAY. SCIENCE AND SENTIMENT. SOWING AND REAPING. SHOULD INFIDELS SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO SUNDAY SCHOOL? WHAT WOULD YOU SUBSTITUTE FOR THE BIBLE AS A MORAL GUIDE? GOVERNOR ROLLINS' FAST-DAY PROCLAMATION. A LOOK BACKWARD AND A PROPHECY. POLITICAL MORALITY. A FEW REASONS FOR DOUBTING THE INSPIRATION OF THE BIBLE. DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME XI. ADDRESS ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT.

Introduction by Frederick Douglass("Abou Ben Adhem")—Decision of the United States Supreme Court pronouncing the Civil Rights Act Unconstitutional—Limitations of Judges—Illusion Destroyed by the Decision in the Dred Scott Case—Mistake of Our Fathers in adopting the Common Law of England—The 13th Amendment to the Constitution Quoted—The Clause of the Constitution upholding Slavery—Effect of this Clause—Definitions of a State by Justice Wilson and Chief Justice Chase—Effect of the Thirteenth Amendment—Justice Field on Involuntary Servitude—Civil Rights Act Quoted—Definition of the Word Servitude by the Supreme Court—Obvious Purpose of the Amendment—Justice Miller on the 14th Amendment—Citizens Created by this Amendment—Opinion of Justice Field—Rights and Immunities guaranteed by the Constitution—Opinion delivered by Chief-Justice Waite—Further Opinions of Courts on the question of Citizenship—Effect of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments—"Corrective" Legislation by Congress—Denial of equal "Social" Privileges—Is a State responsible for the Action of its Agent when acting contrary to Law?—The Word "State" must include the People of the State as well as the Officers of the State—The Louisiana Civil Rights Law, and a Case tried under it—Uniformity of Duties essential to the Carrier—Congress left Powerless to protect Rights conferred by the Constitution—Definition of "Appropriate Legislation"—Propositions laid down regarding the Sovereignty of the State, the powers of the General Government, etc.—A Tribute to Justice Harlan—A Denial that Property exists by Virtue of Law—Civil Rights not a Question of Social Equality—Considerations upon which Social Equality depends—Liberty not a Question of Social Equality—The Superior Man—Inconsistencies of the Past—No Reason why we should Hate the Colored People—The Issues that are upon Us. TRIAL OF C. B. REYNOLDS FOR BLASPHEMY.

ADDRESS TO THE JURY. Report of the Case from the New York Times (note)—The Right to express Opinions—Attempts to Rule the Minds of Men by Force—Liberty the Greatest Good—Intellectual Hospitality Defined—When the Catholic Church had Power—Advent of the Protestants—The Puritans, Quakers. Unitarians, Universalists—What is Blasphemy?—Why this Trial should not have Taken Place—Argument cannot be put in Jail—The Constitution of New Jersey—A higher Law than Men can Make—The Blasphemy Statute Quoted and Discussed—Is the Statute Constitutional?—The Harm done by Blasphemy Laws—The Meaning of this Persecution—Religions are Ephemeral—Let us judge each other by our Actions—Men who have braved Public Opinion should be Honored—The Blasphemy Law if enforced would rob the World of the Results of Scientific Research—It declares the Great Men of to-day to be Criminals—The Indictment Read and Commented upon—Laws that go to Sleep—Obsolete Dogmas the Denial of which was once punished by Death—Blasphemy Characterized—On the Argument that Blasphemy Endangers the Public Peace—A Definition of real Blasphemy—Trials for Blasphemy in England—The case of Abner Kneeland—True Worship, Prayer, and Religion—What is Holy and Sacred—What is Claimed in this Case—For the Honor of the State—The word Liberty—Result of the Trial (note). GOD IN THE CONSTITUTION.

The Feudal System—Office and Purpose of our Constitution—Which God shall we Select?—The Existence of any God a Matter of Opinion—What is entailed by a Recognition of a God in the Constitution—Can the Infinite be Flattered with a Constitutional Amendment?—This government is Secular—The Government of God a Failure—The Difference between the Theological and the Secular Spirit—A Nation neither Christian nor Infidel—The Priest no longer a Necessity—Progress of Science and the Development of the Mind. A REPLY TO BISHOP SPALDING.

On God in the Constitution—Why the Constitutional Convention ignored the Question of Religion—The Fathers Misrepresented—Reasons why the Attributes of God should not form an Organic Part of the Law of the Land—The Effect of a Clause Recognizing God. CRIMES AGAINST CRIMINALS.

The Three Pests of a Community—I. Forms of Punishment and Torture—More Crimes Committed than Prevented by Governments—II. Are not Vices transmitted by Nature?—111. Is it Possible for all People to be Honest?—Children of Vice as the natural Product of Society—Statistics: the Relation between Insanity, Pauperism, and Crime—IV. The Martyrs of Vice—Franklin's Interest in the Treatment of Prisoners—V. Kindness as a Remedy—Condition of the Discharged Prisoner—VI. Compensation for Convicts—VII. Professional Criminals—Shall the Nation take Life?—Influence of Public Executions on the Spectators—Lynchers for the Most Part Criminals at Heart—VIII. The Poverty of the Many a perpetual Menace—Limitations of Land-holding.—IX. Defective Education by our Schools—Hands should be educated as well as Head—Conduct improved by a clearer Perception of Consequences—X. The Discipline of the average Prison Hardening and Degrading—While Society cringes before Great Thieves there will be Little Ones to fill the Jails—XI. Our Ignorance Should make us Hesitate. A WOODEN GOD.

On Christian and Chinese worship—Report of the Select Committee on Chinese Immigration—The only true God as contrasted with Joss—Sacrifices to the "Living God"—Messrs. Wright, Dickey, O'Connor and Murch on the "Religious System" of the American Union—How to prove that Christians are better than Heathens—Injustice in the Name of God—An honest Merchant the best Missionary—A Few Extracts from Confucius—The Report proves that the Wise Men of China who predicted that Christians could not be Trusted were not only Philosophers but Prophets. SOME INTERROGATION POINTS.

A New Party and its Purpose—The Classes that Exist in every Country—Effect of Education on the Common People—Wants Increased by Intelligence—The Dream of 1776—The Monopolist and the Competitor—The War between the Gould and Mackay Cables—Competition between Monopolies—All Advance in Legislation made by Repealing Laws—Wages and Values not to be fixed by Law—Men and Machines—The Specific of the Capitalist: Economy—The poor Man and Woman devoured by their Fellow-men—Socialism one of the Worst Possible forms of Slavery—Liberty not to be exchanged for Comfort—Will the Workers always give their Earnings for the Useless?—Priests, Successful Frauds, and Robed Impostors. ART AND MORALITY.

The Origin of Man's Thoughts—The imaginative Man—"Medicinal View" of Poetry—Rhyme and Religion—The theological Poets and their Purpose in Writing—Moral Poets and their "Unwelcome Truths"—The really Passionate are the Virtuous—Difference between the Nude and the Naked—Morality the Melody of Conduct—The inculcation of Moral Lessons not contemplated by Artists or great Novelists—Mistaken Reformers—Art not a Sermon—Language a Multitude of Pictures—Great Pictures and Great Statues painted and chiseled with Words—Mediocrity moral from a Necessity which it calls Virtue—Why Art Civilizes—The Nude—The Venus de Milo—This is Art. THE DIVIDED HOUSEHOLD OF FAITH.

The Way in which Theological Seminaries were Endowed—Religious Guide-boards—Vast Interests interwoven with Creeds—Pretensions of Christianity—Kepler's Discovery of his Three Great Laws—Equivocations and Evasions of the Church—Nature's Testimony against the Bible—The Age of Man on the Earth—"Inspired" Morality of the Bible—Miracles—Christian Dogmas—What the church has been Compelled to Abandon—The Appeal to Epithets, Hatred and Punishment—"Spirituality" the last Resource of the Orthodox—What is it to be Spiritual?—Two Questions for the Defenders of Orthodox Creeds. WHY AM I AN AGNOSTIC?

Part I. Inharmony of Nature and the Lot of Man with the Goodness and Wisdom of a supposed Deity—Why a Creator is Imagined—Difficulty of the Act of Creation—Belief in Supernatural Beings—Belief and Worship among Savages—Questions of Origin and Destiny—Progress impossible without Change of Belief—Circumstances Determining Belief—How may the True Religion be Ascertained?—Prosperity of Nations nor Virtue of Individuals Dependent on Religions or Gods—Uninspired Books Superior—Part II. The Christian Religion—Credulity—Miracles cannot be Established—Effect of Testimony—Miraculous Qualities of all Religions—Theists and Naturalists—The Miracle of Inspiration—How can the alleged Fact of Inspiration be Established?—God's work and Man's—Rewards for Falsehood offered by the Church. HUXLEY AND AGNOSTICISM.

Statement by the Principal of King's College—On the Irrelevancy of a Lack of Scientific Knowledge—Difference between the Agnostic and the Christian not in Knowledge but in Credulity—The real name of an Agnostic said to be "Infidel"—What an Infidel is—"Unpleasant" significance of the Word—Belief in Christ—"Our Lord and his Apostles" possibly Honest Men—Their Character not Invoked—Possession by evil spirits—Professor Huxley's Candor and Clearness—The splendid Dream of Auguste Comte—Statement of the Positive Philosophy—Huxley and Harrison. ERNEST RENAN.

His Rearing and his Anticipated Biography—The complex Character of the Christ of the Gospels—Regarded as a Man by Renan—The Sin against the Holy Ghost—Renan on the Gospels—No Evidence that they were written by the Men whose Names they Bear—Written long after the Events they Describe—Metaphysics of the Church found in the Gospel of John—Not Apparent why Four Gospels should have been Written—Regarded as legendary Biographies—In "flagrant contradiction one with another"—The Divine Origin of Christ an After-growth—Improbable that he intended to form a Church—Renan's Limitations—Hebrew Scholarship—His "People of Israel"—His Banter and Blasphemy. TOLSTOY AND "THE KREUTZER SONATA." Tolstoy's Belief and Philosophy—His Asceticism—His View of Human Love—Purpose of "The Kreutzer Sonata"—Profound Difference between the Love of Men and that of Women—Tolstoy cannot now found a Religion, but may create the Necessity for another Asylum—The Emotions—The Curious Opinion Dried Apples have of Fruit upon the Tree—Impracticability of selling All and giving to the Poor—Love and Obedience—Unhappiness in the Marriage Relation not the fault of Marriage. THOMAS PAINE.

Life by Moncure D. Conway—Early Advocacy of Reforms against Dueling and Cruelty to Animals—The First to write "The United States of America"—Washington's Sentiment against Separation from Great Britain—Paine's Thoughts in the Declaration of Independence—Author of the first Proclamation of Emancipation in America—Establishment of a Fund for the Relief of the Army—H's "Farewell Address"—The "Rights of Man"—Elected to the French Convention—Efforts to save the Life of the King—His Thoughts on Religion—Arrested—The "Age of Reason" and the Weapons it has furnished "Advanced Theologians"—Neglect by Gouverneur Morris and Washington—James Monroe's letter to Paine and to the Committee of General Safety—The vaunted Religious Liberty of Colonial Maryland—Orthodox Christianity at the Beginning of the 19th Century—New Definitions of God—The Funeral of Paine. THE THREE PHILANTHROPISTS.

I. Mr. A., the Professional Philanthropist, who established a Colony for the Enslavement of the Poor who could not take care of themselves, amassed a large Fortune thereby, built several churches, and earned the Epitaph, "He was the Providence of the Poor"—II. Mr. B., the Manufacturer, who enriched himself by taking advantage of the Necessities of the Poor, paid the lowest Rate of Wages, considered himself one of God's Stewards, endowed the "B Asylum" and the "B College," never lost a Dollar, and of whom it was recorded, "He Lived for Others." III. Mr. C., who divided his Profits with the People who had earned it, established no Public Institutions, suppressed Nobody; and those who have worked for him said, "He allowed Others to live for Themselves." SHOULD THE CHINESE BE EXCLUDED?

SHOULD THE CHINESE BE EXCLUDED? Trampling on the Rights of Inferiors—Rise of the Irish and Germans to Power—The Burlingame Treaty—Character of Chinese Laborers—Their Enemies in the Pacific States—Violation of Treaties—The Geary Law—The Chinese Hated for their Virtues—More Piety than Principle among the People's Representatives—Shall we go back to Barbarism? A WORD ABOUT EDUCATION.

What the Educated Man Knows—Necessity of finding out the Facts of Nature—"Scholars" not always Educated Men; from necessaries to luxuries; who may be called educated; mental misers; the first duty of man; university education not necessary to usefulness, no advantage in learning useless facts. WHAT I WANT FOR CHRISTMAS.

Would have the Kings and Emperors resign, the Nobility drop their Titles, the Professors agree to teach only What they Know, the Politicians changed to Statesmen, the Editors print only the Truth—Would like to see Drunkenness and Prohibition abolished, Corporal Punishment done away with, and the whole World free. FOOL FRIENDS.

The Fool Friend believes every Story against you, never denies a Lie unless it is in your Favor, regards your Reputation as Common Prey, forgets his Principles to gratify your Enemies, and is so friendly that you cannot Kick him. INSPIRATION.

Nature tells a different Story to all Eyes and Ears—Horace Greeley and the Big Trees—The Man who "always did like rolling land"—What the Snow looked like to the German—Shakespeare's different Story for each Reader—As with Nature so with the Bible. THE TRUTH OF HISTORY.

People who live by Lying—A Case in point—H. Hodson Rugg's Account of the Conversion of Ingersoll and 5,000 of his Followers—The "Identity of Lost Israel with the British Nation"—Old Falsehoods about Infidels—The New York Observer and Thomas Paine—A Rascally English Editor—The Charge that Ingersoll's Son had been Converted—The Fecundity of Falsehood. HOW TO EDIT A LIBERAL PAPER.

The Editor should not narrow his Horizon so that he can see only One Thing—To know the Defects of the Bible is but the Beginning of Wisdom—The Liberal Paper should not discuss Theological Questions Alone—A Column for Children—Candor and Kindness—Nothing should be Asserted that is not Known—Above All, teach the Absolute Freedom of the Mind. SECULARISM.

The religion of Humanity; what it Embraces and what it Advocates—A Protest against Ecclesiastical Tyranny—Believes in Building a Home here—Means Food and Fireside—The Right to express your Thought—Its advice to every Human Being—A Religion without Mysteries, Miracles, or Persecutions. CRITICISM OF "ROBERT ELSMERE," "JOHN WARD, PREACHER," AND "AN AFRICAN FARM."

Religion unsoftened by Infidelity—The Orthodox Minister whose Wife has a Heart—Honesty of Opinion not a Mitigating Circumstance—Repulsiveness of an Orthodox Life—John Ward an Object of Pity—Lyndall of the "African Farm"—The Story of the Hunter—Death of Waldo—Women the Caryatides of the Church—Attitude of Christianity toward other Religions—Egotism of the ancient Jews. THE LIBEL LAWS.

All Articles appearing in a newspaper should be Signed by the Writer—The Law if changed should throw greater Safeguards around the Reputation of the Citizen—Pains should be taken to give Prominence to Retractions—The Libel Laws like a Bayonet in War. REV. DR. NEWTON'S SERMON ON A NEW RELIGION.

REV. DR. NEWTON'S SERMON ON A NEW RELIGION. Mr. Newton not Regarded as a Sceptic—New Meanings given to Old Words—The vanishing Picture of Hell—The Atonement—Confidence being Lost in the Morality of the Gospel—Exclusiveness of the Churches—The Hope of Immortality and Belief in God have Nothing to do with Real Religion—Special Providence a Mistake. AN ESSAY ON CHRISTMAS.

The Day regarded as a Holiday—A Festival far older than Christianity—Relics of Sun-worship in Christian Ceremonies—Christianity furnished new Steam for an old Engine—Pagan Festivals correspond to Ours—Why Holidays are Popular—They must be for the Benefit of the People. HAS FREETHOUGHT A CONSTRUCTIVE SIDE?

The Object of Freethought—what the Religionist calls "Affirmative and Positive"—The Positive Side of Freethought—Constructive Work of Christianity. THE IMPROVED MAN.

He will be in Favor of universal Liberty, neither Master nor Slave; of Equality and Education; will develop in the Direction of the Beautiful; will believe only in the Religion of this World—His Motto—Will not endeavor to change the Mind of the "Infinite"—Will have no Bells or Censers—Will be satisfied that the Supernatural does not exist—Will be Self-poised, Independent, Candid and Free. EIGHT HOURS MUST COME.

The Working People should be protected by Law—Life of no particular Importance to the Man who gets up before Daylight and works till after Dark—A Revolution probable in the Relations between Labor and Capital—Working People becoming Educated and more Independent—The Government can Aid by means of Good Laws—Women the worst Paid—There should be no Resort to Force by either Labor or Capital. THE JEWS.

Much like People of other Religions—Teaching given Christian Children about those who die in the Faith of Abraham—Dr. John Hall on the Persecution of the Jews in Russia as the Fulfillment of Prophecy—Hostility of Orthodox early Christians excited by Jewish Witnesses against the Faith—An infamous Chapter of History—Good and bad Men of every Faith—Jews should outgrow their own Superstitions—What the intelligent Jew Knows. CRUMBLING CREEDS.

CRUMBLING CREEDS. The Common People called upon to Decide as between the Universities and the Synods—Modern Medicine, Law, Literature and Pictures as against the Old—Creeds agree with the Sciences of their Day—Apology the Prelude to Retreat—The Presbyterian Creed Infamous, but no worse than the Catholic—Progress begins when Expression of Opinion is Allowed—Examining the Religions of other Countries—The Pulpit's Position Lost—The Dogma of Eternal Pain the Cause of the orthodox Creeds losing Popularity—Every Church teaching this Infinite Lie must Fall. OUR SCHOOLS.

OUR SCHOOLS. Education the only Lever capable of raising Mankind—The School-house more Important than the Church—Criticism of New York's School-Buildings—The Kindergarten System Recommended—Poor Pay of Teachers—The great Danger to the Republic is Ignorance. VIVISECTION.

The Hell of Science—Brutal Curiosity of Vivisectors—The Pretence that they are working for the Good of Man—Have these scientific Assassins added to useful Knowledge?—No Good to the Race to be Accomplished by Torture—The Tendency to produce a Race of intelligent Wild Beasts. THE CENSUS ENUMERATOR'S OFFICIAL CATECHISM.

Right of the Government to ask Questions and of the Citizen to refuse to answer them—Matters which the Government has no Right to pry into—Exposing the Debtor's financial Condition—A Man might decline to tell whether he has a Chronic Disease or not. THE AGNOSTIC CHRISTMAS.

Natural Phenomena and Myths celebrated—The great Day of the first Religion, Sun-worship—A God that Knew no Hatred nor Sought Revenge—The Festival of Light. SPIRITUALITY.

A much-abused Word—The Early Christians too Spiritual to be Civilized—Calvin and Knox—Paine, Voltaire and Humboldt not Spiritual—Darwin also Lacking—What it is to be really Spiritual—No connection with Superstition. SUMTER'S GUN.

What were thereby blown into Rags and Ravelings—The Birth of a new Epoch announced—Lincoln made the most commanding Figure of the Century—Story of its Echoes. WHAT INFIDELS HAVE DONE.

What might have been Asked of a Christian 100 years after Christ—Hospitals and Asylums not all built for Charity—Girard College—Lick Observatory—Carnegie not an Orthodox Christian—Christian Colleges—Give us Time. CRUELTY IN THE ELMIRA REFORMATORY.

Brockway a Savage—The Lash will neither develop the Brain nor cultivate the Heart—Brutality a Failure—Bishop Potter's apostolical Remark. LAW'S DELAY.

The Object of a Trial—Justice can afford to Wait—The right of Appeal—Case of Mrs. Maybrick—Life Imprisonment for Murderers—American Courts better than the English. BIGOTRY OF COLLEGES. Universities naturally Conservative—Kansas State University's Objection to Ingersoll as a commencement Orator—Comment by Mr. Depew (note)—Action of Cornell and the University of Missouri. A YOUNG MAN'S CHANCES TO-DAY.

The Chances a few Years ago—Capital now Required—Increasing competition in Civilized Life—Independence the first Object—If he has something to say, there will be plenty to listen. SCIENCE AND SENTIMENT.

Science goes hand in hand with Imagination—Artistic and Ethical Development—Science destroys Superstition, not true Religion—Education preferable to Legislation—Our Obligation to our Children. "SOWING AND REAPING." Moody's Belief accounted for—A dishonest and corrupting Doctrine—A want of Philosophy and Sense—Have Souls in Heaven no Regrets?—Mr. Moody should read some useful Books. SHOULD INFIDELS SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO SUNDAY SCHOOL?

Teachings of orthodox Sunday Schools—The ferocious God of the Bible—Miracles—A Christian in Constantinople would not send his Child to a Mosque—Advice to all Agnostics—Strangle the Serpent of Superstition. WHAT WOULD YOU SUBSTITUTE FOR THE BIBLE AS A MORAL GUIDE?

Character of the Bible—Men and Women not virtuous because of any Book—The Commandments both Good and Bad—Books that do not help Morality—Jehovah not a moral God—What is Morality?—Intelligence the only moral guide. GOVERNOR ROLLINS' FAST-DAY PROCLAMATION.

Decline of the Christian Religion in New Hampshire—Outgrown Beliefs—Present-day Views of Christ and the Holy Ghost—Abandoned Notions about the Atonement—Salvation for Credulity—The Miracles of the New Testament—The Bible "not true but inspired"—The "Higher Critics" riding two Horses—Infidelity in the Pulpit—The "restraining Influences of Religion" as illustrated by Spain and Portugal—Thinking, Working and Praying—The kind of Faith that has Departed. A LOOK BACKWARD AND A PROPHECY.

The Truth Seeker congratulated on its Twenty-fifth Birthday—Teachings of Twenty-five Years ago—Dodging and evading—The Clerical Assault on Darwin—Draper, Buckle, Hegel, Spencer, Emerson—Comparison of Prejudices—Vanished Belief in the Devil—Matter and Force—Contradictions Dwelling in Unity—Substitutes for Jehovah—A Prophecy. POLITICAL MORALITY.

Argument in the contested Election Case of Strobach against Herbert—The Importance of Honest Elections—Poisoning the Source of Justice—The Fraudulent Voter a Traitor to his Sovereign, the Will of the People—Political Morality Imperative. A FEW REASONS FOR DOUBTING THE INSPIRATION OF THE BIBLE.

Date and Manner of Composing the Old Testament—Other Books not now in Existence, and Disagreements about the Canon—Composite Character of certain Books—Various Versions—Why was God's message given to the Jews alone?—The Story of the Creation, of the Flood, of the Tower, and of Lot's wife—Moses and Aaron and the Plagues of Egypt—Laws of Slavery—Instructions by Jehovah Calculated to excite Astonishment and Mirth—Sacrifices and the Scapegoat—Passages showing that the Laws of Moses were made after the Jews had left the Desert—Jehovah's dealings with his People—The Sabbath Law—Prodigies—Joshua's Miracle—Damned Ignorance and Infamy—Jephthah's Sacrifice—Incredible Stories—The Woman of Endor and the Temptation of David—Elijah and Elisha—Loss of the Pentateuch from Moses to Josiah—The Jews before and after being Abandoned by Jehovah—Wealth of Solomon and other Marvels.

VOLUME XII.--MISCELLANY

PROF. VAN BUREN DENSLOW'S "MODERN THINKERS." PREFACE TO DR. EDGAR C. BEALL'S "THE BRAIN AND THE BIBLE." PREFACE TO "MEN, WOMEN AND GODS." PREFACE TO "FOR HER DAILY BREAD." PREFACE TO "AGNOSTICISM AND OTHER ESSAYS." PREFACE TO "FAITH OR FACT." THE GRANT BANQUET. THIRTEEN CLUB DINNER. ROBSON AND CRANE DINNER. THE POLICE CAPTAINS' DINNER. GENERAL GRANT'S BIRTHDAY DINNER LOTOS CLUB DINNER, TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY. MANHATTAN ATHLETIC CLUB DINNER. THE LIEDERKRANZ CLUB, SEIDL-STANTON BANQUET. THE FRANK B. CARPENTER DINNER. UNITARIAN CLUB DINNER. WESTERN SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC BANQUET. LOTOS CLUB DINNER IN HONOR OF ANTON SEIDL. LOTOS CLUB DINNER IN HONOR OF REAR ADMIRAL SCHLEY. ADDRESS TO THE ACTORS' FUND OF AMERICA. THE CHILDREN OF THE STAGE. ADDRESS TO THE PRESS CLUB. THE CIRCULATION OF OBSCENE LITERATURE. CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL LIBERAL LEAGUE. CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN SECULAR UNION. THE RELIGIOUS BELIEF OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. ORGANIZED CHARITIES. SPAIN AND THE SPANIARDS. OUR NEW POSSESSIONS. A FEW FRAGMENTS ON EXPANSION. IS IT EVER RIGHT FOR HUSBAND OR WIFE TO KILL RIVAL? PROFESSOR BRIGGS. FRAGMENTS. EFFECT OF THE WORLD'S FAIR ON THE HUMAN RACE. SABBATH SUPERSTITION. A TRIBUTE TO GEORGE JACOB HOLYOAKE. AT THE GRAVE OF BENJAMIN W. PARKER. A TRIBUTE TO EBON C. INGERSOLL A TRIBUTE TO THE REV. ALEXANDER CLARK. AT A CHILD'S GRAVE. A TRIBUTE TO JOHN G. MILLS. A TRIBUTE TO ELIZUR WRIGHT. A TRIBUTE TO MRS. IDA WHITING KNOWLES. A TRIBUTE TO HENRY WARD BEECHER. A TRIBUTE TO ROSCOE CONKLING. A TRIBUTE TO RICHARD H. WHITING. A TRIBUTE TO COURTLANDT PALMER. A TRIBUTE TO MRS. MARY H. FISKE. A TRIBUTE TO HORACE SEAVER. A TRIBUTE TO LAWRENCE BARRETT. A TRIBUTE TO WALT WHITMAN. A TRIBUTE TO PHILO D. BECKWITH. A TRIBUTE TO ANTON SEIDL. A TRIBUTE TO DR. THOMAS SETON ROBERTSON. A TRIBUTE TO THOMAS CORWIN. A TRIBUTE TO ISAAC H. BAILEY. JESUS CHRIST. LIFE.

THE GHOSTS AND OTHER LECTURES. By Robert G. Ingersoll.

CONTENTS

PREFACE.

THE GHOSTS.

THE LIBERTY OF MAN, WOMAN AND CHILD

LIBERTY OF WOMAN.

THE LIBERTY OF CHILDREN.

CONCLUSION.

1776. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

ABOUT FARMING IN ILLINOIS.

SPEECH AT CINCINNATI

"THE PAST RISES BEFORE ME LIKE A DREAM."

THE GRANT BANQUET

A TRIBUTE TO THE Rev. ALEXANDER CLARK.

A TRIBUTE TO EBON C. INGERSOLL,

ABOUT THE HOLY BIBLE A Lecture By Robert GIngersoll

"In the nature of things there can be no evidence to establish the claim of Inspiration."

1894.

CONTENTS ABOUT THE HOLY BIBLE. I THE ORIGIN OF THE BIBLE II IS THE OLD TESTAMENT INSPIRED? III THE TEN COMMANDMENTS THE STORY OF ACHAN THE STORY OF ELISHA THE STORY OF DANIEL THE STORY OF JOSEPH IV WHAT IS IT ALL WORTH? V WAS JEHOVAH A GOD OF LOVE? VI JEHOVAH'S ADMINISTRATION VII THE NEW TESTAMENT VIII THE PHILOSOPHY OF CHRIST IX IS CHRIST OUR EXAMPLE? X WHY SHOULD WE PLACE CHRIST AT THE TOP AND SUMMIT OF THE HUMAN RACE? XI INSPIRATION XII THE REAL BIBLE

MISTAKES of MOSES By Robert G. Ingersoll. 1880.

CONTENTS PREFACE. I. SOME MISTAKES OF MOSES II. FREE SCHOOLS III. THE POLITICIANS IV. MAN AND WOMAN V. THE PENTATEUCH VI. MONDAY VII. TUESDAY VIII. WEDNESDAY IX. THURSDAY X. "HE MADE THE STARS ALSO" XI. FRIDAY XII. SATURDAY XIII. LET US MAKE MAN XIV. SUNDAY XV. THE NECESSITY FOR A GOOD MEMORY XVI. THE GARDEN XVII. THE FALL XVIII. DAMPNESS XIX. BACCHUS AND BABEL XX. FAITH IN FILTH XXI. THE HEBREWS XXII. THE PLAGUES XXIII. THE FLIGHT XXIV. CONFESS AND AVOID XXV. "INSPIRED" SLAVERY XXVI. "INSPIRED" MARRIAGE XXVII. "INSPIRED" WAR XXVIII. "INSPIRED" RELIGIOUS LIBERTY XXIX. CONCLUSION

INGERSOLLIA By Robert G. Ingersoll Gems Of Thought From The Lectures, Speeches, And Conversations Of Col Robert G. Ingersoll, Representative Of His Opinions And Beliefs 1882.