Chapter II: Introduction: xv

I. SOUTH AMERICA AS A WHOLE 1

THE NORTH COAST

II. COLOMBIA: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 7

III. COLOMBIA: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 14

IV. COLOMBIA: THE CAPITAL, THE STATES AND TERRITORIES, CHIEF CITIES 20

V. COLOMBIA: PORTS AND TRANSPORTATION 30

VI. COLOMBIA: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 40

VII. VENEZUELA: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 53

VIII. VENEZUELA: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 59

IX. VENEZUELA: CAPITAL, STATES, TERRITORIES, CHIEF CITIES 63

X. VENEZUELA: PORTS AND TRANSPORTATION 77

XI. VENEZUELA: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 86

XII. GUIANA AS A WHOLE: BRITISH GUIANA 100

XIII. DUTCH AND FRENCH GUIANA 109

THE WEST COAST

XIV. ECUADOR: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 114

XV. ECUADOR: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 121

XVI. ECUADOR: CAPITAL, PROVINCES, CHIEF CITIES 130

XVII. ECUADOR: PORTS AND INTERIOR TRANSPORTATION 135

XVIII. ECUADOR: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 141

XIX. PERU: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 148

XX. PERU: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 156

XXI. PERU: CAPITAL, DEPARTMENTS, CHIEF CITIES 162

XXII. PERU: PORTS AND INTERIOR TRANSPORTATION 174

XXIII. PERU: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 185

XXIV. BOLIVIA: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 205

XXV. BOLIVIA: CAPITAL, DEPARTMENTS, CHIEF CITIES 214

XXVI. BOLIVIA: PORTS AND TRANSPORTATION 221

XXVII. BOLIVIA: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 229

XXVIII. CHILE: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 245

XXIX. CHILE: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 250

XXX. CHILE: CAPITAL, INDIVIDUAL PROVINCES, CITIES 254

XXXI. CHILE: PORTS AND TRANSPORTATION 261

XXXII. CHILE: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 270

THE EAST COAST

XXXIII. ARGENTINA: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 280

XXXIV. ARGENTINA: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 287

XXXV. ARGENTINA: THE CAPITAL, INDIVIDUAL PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES 291

XXXVI. ARGENTINA: SEAPORTS AND INTERIOR TRANSPORTATION 301

XXXVII. ARGENTINA: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 315

XXXVIII. PARAGUAY: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 332

XXXIX. PARAGUAY: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 338

XL. PARAGUAY: THE CAPITAL AND OTHER CITIES 341

XLI. PARAGUAY: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 345

XLII. URUGUAY: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 354

XLIII. URUGUAY: CAPITAL, DEPARTMENTS, CHIEF CITIES, PORTS 360

XLIV. URUGUAY: TRANSPORTATION, RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 366

XLV. BRAZIL: AREA, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, POPULATION, ETC. 372

XLVI. BRAZIL: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 379

XLVII. BRAZIL: THE CAPITAL, INDIVIDUAL STATES, CITIES 390

XLVIII. BRAZIL: TRANSPORTATION--OCEAN, RIVER AND RAILWAY 406

XLIX. BRAZIL: RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 414

L. BRAZIL: OTHER INDUSTRIES 424

LI. SOUTH AMERICAN TRADE 434

LII. LIFE IN SOUTH AMERICA 454

APPENDIX I. POSTAL REGULATIONS, ETC. 459

APPENDIX II. LEADING BANKS OF SOUTH AMERICA 462

APPENDIX III. STEAMSHIP LINES TO SOUTH AMERICA 467

APPENDIX IV. PUBLICATIONS 477

LIST OF MAPS

FACING PAGE

SOUTH AMERICA _Frontispiece_

COLOMBIA 10

COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA, GUIANA, ECUADOR, NORTH BRAZIL 64

ECUADOR, PERU, BOLIVIA, SOUTHWEST BRAZIL 152

CHILE, ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY 254

EASTERN ARGENTINA, URUGUAY 308

EASTERN BRAZIL 390

ENVIRONS OF SAO PAULO AND RIO DE JANEIRO 408