Chapter V: Exposition

Former conceptions of history-writing--The ancient and mediæval ideal--The "history of civilisation"--The modern historical "manual"--The romantic ideal at the beginning of the century--History regarded as a branch of literature up to 1850 296

The modern scientific ideal--Monographs--Right choice of subject--References--Chronological order--Unambiguous titles--Economy of erudition 303

General works--_A._ meant for students and specialists--Works of reference or "repertories" and scientific manuals of special branches of history--Their form and style--Collaboration in their production--Scientific general histories 307

_B._ Works intended for the public--The best kind of popularisation--The inferior kind--Specialists who lower their standard when they write for the public--The literary style suitable for history 311

CONCLUSION

Summary description of the methods of history--The future of history 316

The utility of history--Not directly applicable to present conditions--Affords an explanation of the present--Helps (and is helped by) the social sciences--A means of intellectual culture 319

APPENDIX I

THE SECONDARY TEACHING OF HISTORY IN FRANCE

Late introduction of history as a subject of secondary instruction--Defective methods employed up to the end of the Second Empire 325

The reform movement--Questions involved relating to general organisation--Choice of subjects--Order of teaching--Methods of instruction--These questions to be answered in the way that will make history most useful as a means of social culture 328

Material aids--Engravings--Books--Methods of teaching 332