Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber’s Notes:

Text between _underscores_ and =equal signs= represent text printed in
italics and bold face respectively; ^{text} represents superscript
text; [·1] represents ·1 with a bar above. Small capitals have been
transcribed as ALL CAPITALS.

More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text.

IRRIGATION WORKS

_By the Same Author_

RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEERING. The Characteristics of Open Flowing
Streams, and the principles and methods to be followed in dealing with
them. 72 illustrations, x + 220 pp., 8vo (1913).

=8/6= net.

PUNJAB RIVERS AND WORKS. Second Edition. 47 illustrations, viii + 64
pp., folio (1912).

=8/-= net.

HYDRAULICS WITH WORKING TABLES. Second Edition. 160 illustrations, xii
+ 311 pp., 8vo (1911).

=12/-= net.

THE SUCTION CAUSED BY SHIPS. Explained in Popular Language. 2 plates,
26 pp., 8vo, sewed (1912).

=1/-= net.

E. & F. N. SPON, LTD., LONDON

_Frontispiece._]

IRRIGATION WORKS

THE PRINCIPLES ON WHICH THEIR DESIGN
AND WORKING SHOULD BE BASED, WITH
SPECIAL DETAILS RELATING TO
INDIAN CANALS
AND SOME PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS

BY

E. S. BELLASIS, M.INST.C.E.

RECENTLY SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER IN THE IRRIGATION BRANCH OF
THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT OF INDIA

37 Illustrations

London
E. & F. N. SPON, LTD., 57 HAYMARKET, S.W.

New York
SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 123 LIBERTY STREET

1913

CONTENTS

PAGE
PREFACE vii

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

ARTICLE

1. Preliminary Remarks 1
2. General Principles of Canal Design 2
3. Information concerning Canals 11
4. Losses of Water 16
5. Duty of Water 21
6. Sketch of a Project 26

CHAPTER II
THE DESIGNING OF A CANAL

1. Headworks 30
2. The Contour Map 36
3. Alignments and Discharges 37
4. Remarks on Distributaries 45
5. Design of Canal and Branches 47
6. Banks and Roads 53
7. Trial Lines 58
8. Final Line and Estimate 59
9. Design of a Distributary 60
10. Best System of Distributaries 71
11. Outlets 76
12. Masonry Works 80
13. Pitching 90
14. Miscellaneous Items 93

CHAPTER III
THE WORKING OF A CANAL

1. Preliminary Remarks 96
2. Gauges and Regulators 103
3. Gauge Readings and Discharges 106
4. Registers of Irrigation and Outlets 113
5. Distribution of Supply 118
6. Extensions and Remodellings 127
7. Remodelling of Outlets 131
8. Miscellaneous Items 137

CHAPTER IV
THE PUNJAB TRIPLE CANAL PROJECT

1. General Description 144
2. Areas and Discharges 147
3. Remarks 156

CHAPTER V
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS IN IRRIGATION CANALS

1. Preliminary Remarks 158
2. Reduction of Losses in the Channels 159
3. Modules 162

APPENDICES

A. Divide Wall on Lower Chenab Canal 169
B. Specification for Maintenance of Channels 171
C. Specification for Maintenance of Masonry Works 174
D. Watching and Protecting Banks and Embankments 175
E. Specification for Bushing 178
F. Escapes 180
G. Gauges 183
H. Gibb’s Module 186
K. Kennedy’s Gauge Outlet 193

INDEX 196