Chapter XIII: The Legacy of John Brown (2)

Brown, John, ancestry of, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20;
boyhood and youth of, 21–23, 25, 31;
as tanner, 31;
marriage of, 32;
occupations of, 32;
family life of, 33–37;
second marriage of, 38;
in panic of 1837, 41;
as shepherd, 52–60;
as wool merchant, 61–68;
in England, 68–71;
lawsuits of, 71–74;
and fugitive slaves, 84, 85;
first plan against slavery, 87–88;
and Negroes in, 89–91;
and mobs, 91;
and oath vs. slavery, 92, 93;
and Abolitionists, 91–94;
and settlement in Virginia, 95;
and black men, 97–121;
and Frederick Douglass, 102–109;
in the Adirondacks, 111–113;
in Kansas, 126–134, 139–140, 143–144, 145–197;
developing plans of, 198–206;
trip eastward of, 197, 207–218;
meets Forbes, 216;
return westward, 218;
securing arms and men, 218–225;
second trip eastward, 225–251;
at Douglass’ home, 225–227;
revelation of, 229–231;
trip to Canada of, 15, 248–251;
meets Harriet Tubman, 249–251;
return to Iowa of, 251–253;
third trip eastward of, 252;
return to Canada, 252;
Chatham convention, 253–266;
betrayal of, by Forbes, 266–269;
in New England and New York, 268–270;
third return westward, 270–272;
Harper’s Ferry plans of, 274–277;
financial resources of, 277–278;
military organizations of, 106, 116, 149, 160–169, 175–179, 181–182,
188–189, 191, 226–227, 278–279;
Negro companions of, 280–283;
white companions
of, 283–287;
health of, 288;
seventh trip eastward, 288–291;
starts South, 291;
arrives at Harper’s Ferry, 292;
perfecting arrangements, 293–307;
meets Douglass, 295–297;
life at Kennedy Farm, 298–302;
betrayal of plans of, 302–303;
raid of, at Harper’s Ferry, 308–337;
capture of, 333–334;
fate of companions of, 336;
results, 338;
trial of, 356–364;
execution of, 363–364;
last letters of, 365–373;
and present Negro problem, 373–396;
character of, 15, 16, 22–23, 26–47, 300–301, 338–358;
descriptions of, 21, 28, 73, 74, 92, 104, 173–174, 197, 287;
family of, 31–39, 42, 44, 45, 58, 71, 73, 74, 87, 88, 89, 92, 95,
102–104, 112, 119, 120, 121;
letters of, 42–46, 53–60, 62–63, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 87–88, 113,
118, 132, 146–149, 151, 152, 159, 166–169, 178, 179, 182, 186,
187, 188–189, 218, 220, 227, 228, 232–234, 248, 249, 257, 266,
267, 270, 271, 304, 357, 365–373;
reading of, 40;
religion of, 23, 25, 40–41, 42, 47, 365–373;
speeches of, 132, 150, 180–182, 213–214;
song of, 334.

Brown, Oliver, 133, 146, 149, 152, 155, 283.

Brown, Owen, 19, 20, 77, 78, 128, 147, 152, 155, 186, 252, 259, 272,
283, 319, 329, 335, 336.

Brown, Peter, 19.

Brown, Salmon, 128, 137, 152–168, 186.

Brown, Watson, 155, 283.

Buchanan, President, 142, 214.

Burns, Anthony, 72.

Canada, the Negroes in, 236–238, 253–254, 270.

Caste and the Negro, 76–78, 81, 235–247, 377–380, 387, 388, 391–393.

Catchers, slave, 97.

Charleston, Va. (W. Va.), 13.

Committee, National Kansas, New York meeting of, 13, 207.

Constitution, articles of Brown’s, 265, 266.

Constitution, pro-slavery, of Kansas, 136.

Constitution, Lecompton of Kansas, 143, 187, 224.

Contact of races, 380, 382.

Convention, address of Philadelphia, 236–238.

Convention, Big Springs, Kansas, 12.

Convention, Chatham, 203, 257, 267.

Convention, Syracuse, of Abolitionists, 12, 132, 133.

Cook, John E., 219, 220, 252, 259, 315, 316, 318, 319, 324, 331, 336.

Copeland, John A., 281–305, 325, 336.

Coppoc, Barclay, 223, 319, 336.

Coppoc, Edwin, 223, 336.

Coronado, 16, 123.

Covenant and by-laws of John Brown’s followers, 160–161.

Crandall, Prudence, 87.

Daingerfield, Captain, 326.

Daniels, Jim, 192.

Davis, Jefferson, 124, 391–393.

Day, Mary Ann, 11, 38, 241.

Decision, Dred Scott, 142, 213.

Delaney, Martin R., 245–246, 248, 254, 258.

Diary, John Brown’s, 278.

Douglass, Frederick, 7, 12, 13, 15, 47, 101, 102–109, 121, 122, 131,
132, 214, 225, 241, 247, 258, 342, 344–346, 353.

Douglas, Stephen A., 126.

Dutch Henry’s Crossing, 134, 154.

Emancipation, 386–387.

Engine-house at Harper’s Ferry, 326, 334.

Fight at Harper’s Ferry, 322–326.

Floyd, John, Secretary of War, 124.

Forbes, Hugh, 73;
meets Brown, 216–217;
goes West, 218–219;
returns East, 219;
betrays plans, 225;
complaints of, 266, 268.

Franklin, Kansas, attack on, 175–176.

Freedom, League of, 244.

Free Soilers, 131.

Fugitive Slave Law, 12, 236.

Fugitive slaves, 82, 84, 85, 88, 94, 106–108, 203–204, 241.

Gabriel, 11, 83, 127.

Garnet, H. H., 98, 102, 240, 243, 248, 258.

Garrison, William Lloyd, 15, 93, 342.

Geary, Governor of Kansas, 13, 141–180, 183–184.

Giddings, Joshua, 152, 391–392.

Gill, George B., 223, 259.

Gloucester, Negro minister, 98, 248, 258.

Great Black Way, the, 273.

Greeley, Horace, 130, 266.

Green, Shields, 280, 323, 334, 336, 343–347.

Hall, Pennsylvania, 91.

Hamilton’s massacre, 188, 192–194.

Harper’s Ferry raid:
the place 273–274;
plans of, 274–276;
financial resources of, 277–278;
military organizations of, 278–280;
participants of, 280–288;
depot at Chambersburg, 291–292;
preparations, 293–307;
beginning of foray, 308;
capture of armory, 310;
capture of town, 311;
capture of Colonel Washington, 311–312;
halting of train, 313;
bringing up the arms, 314–316;
further plans, 317–319;
gathering of militia, 320–322;
dislodging of Kagi, 324–325;
retreat of engine-house, 326;
killing of Brown’s men, 327–329;
arrival of Lee, 331;
parleying, 330–333;
capture of Brown, 333–334;
capture and escape of others, 334–336.

Harper, Samuel, 194–195.

Hayti, 75, 97.

Hazlett, Albert, 334, 336.

Henson, Josiah, 241, 253.

Hinton, R. J., 7, 173, 181, 189, 204, 207, 222, 258, 277, 284.

Holden, Isaac, 257, 258, 277, 284.

Howe, Dr. S. G., 210, 231, 267, 341, 343.

Hunter, Andrew, 352, 353, 356.

Independence, Chatham Declaration of, 272.

Insurrection, Cumberland region, 97.

Insurrection in Virginia, 81.

Insurrection of slaves, 79, 80, 83, 85, 97, 105–106.

Insurrection, proposed Negro, 166.

Intermarriage of races, 382, 384, 385.

Isaac, insurrection of, 97.

Jackson, President, 50.

Jamaica, 79, 97.

Jones, Henry, 241.

Jones, John, 248.

Jones, J. M., 256, 258.

Jones, Ottawa, 178.

_Journal, Freedom’s_, 239.

Kagi, J. H., 13, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202, 252, 259, 317, 318, 324, 325.

Kansas, 123;
Brown’s sons in, 127–131;
and slavery, 126, 134, 138, 144;
John Brown and, 125, 126–127, 131–134, 139, 143–197.

Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 13, 135, 136, 219–221.

Kennedy Farm, 319.

Lane, General James, 134, 141, 173–176, 186.

Lane’s Army, 13, 173–176.

Lane College, 95.

Langston brothers, 241, 258.

Law, Fugitive Slave, 12, 113, 119.

Lawrence, Kansas, 12, 167, 170;
sacking of, 153–154;
last attack on, 180–184.

League, Liberty, 244.

League of Gileadites, 12, 114.

Leary, Lewis Sherrard, 282–305.

Lee, Robert E., 13, 331, 332.

Leeman, William H., 221, 252, 259, 325, 336.

_Liberator, The_, 94, 239.

Liberty Hall, 158.

Loudoun Heights, at Harper’s Ferry, 275, 318.

L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 75, 216.

Lovejoy, 91, 115.

Lusk, Dianthe, 11, 32, 38.

Marlborough Chapel, 91.

Massacre at Dutch Henry’s Crossing, 139–140, 143–144, 154–159.

Maxon farm, Iowa, 252.

Merriam, F. J., 286, 305, 336.

Middle Creek, Kansas, 158.

Military organization of Brown’s men, 106, 146, 149, 160–169, 175–179,
181–182, 188–189, 191, 226–227, 278–279.

Mills, Peter, 19.

Missouri slave raid, 191–197.

Mobs, abolition, 91.

Mobs against Negroes, 235.

Moffett, Charles W., 221, 252, 259.

Montgomery, Captain, 188, 189, 190, 191.

“Morgan, Shubel,” 189.

Mulattoes, 77.

Mysteries, American, 244.

Negro character, 17.

Negro conventions, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245–246.

Negro emigration, 245–246.

Negro insurgents, 318, 353–354.

Negro insurrections, 79–80, 83, 85, 97, 105–106.

Negro leaders, 97, 98, 101, 102, 110, 240, 241–243, 246, 258, 259, 294,
295.

Negro, Northern, 235.

Negro organizations, 203–204, 244.

Negro progress, 1830–1840, 235;
1840–1850, 240;
1850–1860, 243.

Negro slavery, 76–84.

Negroes, 12, 16.

Negroes in America, 16, 17;
in Canada, 236–238.

Negroes, increase of, in ten years, 243.

Negroes and John Brown, 343, 344, 347.

Negroes of Springfield, 98, 99.

Negroes, present condition of, 389.

Newby, Dangerfield, 281, 323.

North Elba, New York, 12.

_North Star_, 101, 242.

Oberlin College, 11, 53, 55, 95, 258, 281, 283.

Oberlin College lands in Virginia, 53–55, 95.

Odd Fellows, Negro, 240.

Osawatomie, Kansas, 12, 128, 142, 147, 152, 159, 162, 166, 177, 224.

Owen, John, 19.

Panic of 1837, 11, 50, 55, 91.

Parker, Theodore, 210, 227, 231.

Parsons, L. L., 220–221, 252, 259.

Perkins, Simon, 58, 68.

Perkins and Brown, wool-merchants, 62, 67.

Pierce, President, 151.

Plans at Harper’s Ferry, 101, 318, 319, 324, 326.

Plans of John Brown, 106–107, 260, 276.

Pottawatomie Creek, 12, 157, 158, 162.

Purvis, Robert, 241, 246.

Raid at Harper’s Ferry, see Harper’s Ferry.

Realf, Richard, 215–220, 252, 259.

Redpath, James, 7, 72, 99, 132, 147, 181, 246.

Reeder, Governor of Kansas, 215.

Reynolds, G. J., 208, 258, 260.

Richardson, Richard, 221, 252, 258.

Robinson, Charles, Governor of Kansas, 134, 150, 184, 207, 341, 342.

Rochester, N. Y., state convention, 244–245.

Ross, Dr. A. M., 251, 257.

Routes, Fugitive Slave, 97.

“Sambo’s Mistakes,” 99.

Sanborn, Frank B., 7, 13, 210, 228, 267.

Schools for Negroes, 87, 94, 95.

Shannon, Governor of Kansas, 141, 149, 150, 176.

Shore, Captain, 167–168.

“Shubel Morgan’s” Company, 189.

Slave insurrections, 79–80, 83, 85, 97, 105–106.

Slavery, 75–89, 124–126, 235.

Smith, Gerrit, 12, 53, 131, 132, 133, 207, 226, 303, 341.

Smith, J. McCune, 98, 131, 132, 225, 240, 267.

Smith, Stephen, 241, 248, 258.

Societies, Phœnix, 239.

Society, American Anti-slavery, 246.

Society, American Moral Reform, 238.

Society, New England Emigrant Aid, 136, 145.

Song of “John Brown’s Body,” 374.

Southern bands in Kansas, 152, 166, 188.

Spell of Africa, 121.

Springdale, Iowa, John Brown in, 221–224.

Stephens, Aaron D., 173, 194, 195–222, 252, 259, 336.

Stearns, George L., 208–210, 226, 228, 277, 341.

Still, William, 241, 248.

Stuart, J. E. B., 332, 333.

“Subterranean Pass Way,” 214.

Sumner, Colonel, 15, 137, 139, 168–169, 225, 266.

Survey of Virginia lands, 53–55.

Swamp, Dismal, 86.

Swamp of the Swan, 134, 145, 177, 188, 288.

Sword of Gideon, 96.

Tariff and wool, 61.

Tariff of 1846, the, 65.

Taylor, Stewart, 223, 259.

Thayer, Eli, 126, 214.

Thomas, John A., 258.

Thomas, Thomas, 101, 247.

Thompson, Henry, 113, 155–168.

Thompson, William, 77, 173, 315, 316, 319, 324, 328, 329.

Tidd, C. P., 221, 252, 259, 315, 316, 319, 324, 331, 335, 336.

Tubman, Harriet, 204, 241, 249, 251, 293.

Turner, Nat, 11, 85, 97, 127, 239.

Underground Railroad, 94, 101, 107, 110, 198, 243, 263.

University, Western Reserve, 86.

Vesey, Denmark, 83, 97.

Virginia, 16.

Wakarusa war and treaty, 151.

War, Civil, 48, 142.

War in Kansas, 140, 142.

War of 1812, 25, 48–49.

Ward, Samuel Ringgold, 242, 243.

Wars, Seminole, 84.

Washington, Colonel Lewis, 317, 322.

Wilberforce University, 236, 253.

Wilson, Senator, 225, 226.

Wise, Governor of Virginia, 336, 355.

Woodson, Governor of Missouri, 180, 241.

Wool-growers’ convention, 62.

-----

Footnote 1:

Redpath, _Public Life of Captain John Brown_, p. 25.

Footnote 2:

Autobiography of Owen Brown in Sanborn, _Life and Letters of John
Brown_, p. 7.

Footnote 3:

The quotations in this chapter are from John Brown’s Autobiography,
Sanborn, _Life and Letters of John Brown_, pp. 12–17.

Footnote 4:

John Brown’s Autobiography, Sanborn, p. 16.

Footnote 5:

Heman Hallock, in the New York _Journal of Commerce_, quoted in
Sanborn, p. 32.

Footnote 6:

John Brown’s Autobiography, Sanborn, p. 16.

Footnote 7:

John Brown’s Autobiography, Sanborn, pp. 16, 17.

Footnote 8:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, p. 34.

Footnote 9:

Ruth Brown in Sanborn, pp. 37–39.

Footnote 10:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, pp. 91–93.

Footnote 11:

Ruth Brown in Sanborn, pp. 93–94.

Footnote 12:

_Ibid._, p. 104.

Footnote 13:

Ruth Brown in Sanborn, p. 44.

Footnote 14:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1841, in Sanborn, p. 139.

Footnote 15:

Letter to his wife, 1844, in Sanborn, p. 61.

Footnote 16:

Ruth Brown in Sanborn, pp. 38–39.

Footnote 17:

Letter to his wife, 1839, in Sanborn, p. 69.

Footnote 18:

Letter to his wife, 1851, in Sanborn, p. 146.

Footnote 19:

Letter to his wife, 1846, in Sanborn, p. 142.

Footnote 20:

Letter to his daughter, 1847, in Sanborn, p. 142.

Footnote 21:

Letter to his wife, 1844, in Sanborn, pp. 60–61.

Footnote 22:

Letter to his father, 1846, in Sanborn, pp. 21, 22.

Footnote 23:

Letter to his daughter, 1852, in Sanborn, p. 45.

Footnote 24:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1852, and to his children, 1853, in
Sanborn, pp. 151 and 155.

Footnote 25:

Letter to his wife, 1839, in Sanborn, p. 68.

Footnote 26:

Sanborn, p. 58.

Footnote 27:

Records of Oberlin College, quoted in Sanborn, pp. 134–135.

Footnote 28:

Levi Burnell to Owen Brown, 1840, in Sanborn, p. 135.

Footnote 29:

Letter to his family, 1840, in Sanborn, p. 134.

Footnote 30:

MS. Diary, Boston Public Library. Vol. I. p. 65.

Footnote 31:

Records of the Board of Trustees, Oberlin College, Aug. 28, 1840,
quoted in Sanborn, p. 135.

Footnote 32:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, p 87.

Footnote 33:

Agreement quoted in Sanborn, pp. 55–56.

Footnote 34:

Letter to George Kellogg, 1844, in Sanborn, p. 56.

Footnote 35:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1843, in Sanborn, p. 58.

Footnote 36:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1843, in Sanborn, pp. 58–59.

Footnote 37:

_Ibid._, p. 59.

Footnote 38:

_Ibid._, p. 59.

Footnote 39:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1844, in Sanborn, pp. 59–60.

Footnote 40:

_Ibid._, p. 61.

Footnote 41:

Ruth Brown in Sanborn, p. 95.

Footnote 42:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1846, in Sanborn, p. 62.

Footnote 43:

Circular issued in 1846, quoted in Sanborn, p. 63.

Footnote 44:

Letter to Owen Brown, 1846, in Sanborn, p. 22.

Footnote 45:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1847, in Sanborn, p. 143.

Footnote 46:

E. C. Leonard in Sanborn, p. 65.

Footnote 47:

Letter to Owen Brown, 1847, in Sanborn, pp. 23–24.

Footnote 48:

Letter to Owen Brown, 1849, in Sanborn, p. 25.

Footnote 49:

_Ibid._

Footnote 50:

Memoranda by John Brown, in Sanborn, p. 65; Redpath, p. 56

Footnote 51:

Sanborn, pp. 67–68.

Footnote 52:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1849, Sanborn, p. 73.

Footnote 53:

E. C. Leonard, in Sanborn, pp. 67–68.

Footnote 54:

Letter to his wife, 1850, in Sanborn, p. 107.

Footnote 55:

Letter to his children, 1850, in Sanborn, pp. 75–76.

Footnote 56:

Redpath, p. 58.

Footnote 57:

Letter to his son, in Sanborn, p. 145.

Footnote 58:

Letter to his children, 1854, in Sanborn, p. 155.

Footnote 59:

R. H. Dana, in the _Atlantic Monthly_, 1871.

Footnote 60:

Owen Brown, in Sanborn, pp. 10–11.

Footnote 61:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, p. 35.

Footnote 62:

Sanborn, p. 34.

Footnote 63:

Letter to his brother Frederick, 1834, in Sanborn, pp. 40–41.

Footnote 64:

Ruth Brown, in Sanborn, p. 37.

Footnote 65:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, pp. 52–53.

Footnote 66:

Redpath, p. 65.

Footnote 67:

Redpath, pp. 53–54.

Footnote 68:

Redpath, pp. 59–60.

Footnote 69:

From “Sambo’s Mistakes,” published in the _Ram’s Horn_ and printed in
Sanborn, p. 130.

Footnote 70:

Douglass, _Life and Times of Frederick Douglass_ (1892), Chap. 8, Part
II, pp. 337–342.

Footnote 71:

Sanborn, p. 97.

Footnote 72:

Redpath, p. 61.

Footnote 73:

Ruth Brown, in Sanborn. p. 100.

Footnote 74:

Redpath, p. 62.

Footnote 75:

Letter to his wife, 1850, in Sanborn, pp. 106–107.

Footnote 76:

Letter of instructions, agreement and resolutions, as given in
Sanborn, pp. 124–127.

Footnote 77:

Letter of instructions, agreement and resolutions, as given in
Sanborn, pp. 124–127.

Footnote 78:

Letter of instructions, agreement and resolutions, as given in
Sanborn, pp. 124–127.

Footnote 79:

Sanborn, p. 132.

Footnote 80:

Ruth Brown, in Sanborn, pp. 131–132.

Footnote 81:

Letter to his wife, 1852, in Sanborn, pp. 108–109.

Footnote 82:

Ruth Brown, in Sunburn, p. 104.

Footnote 83:

Letters to his children, 1852–1853, in Sanborn, pp. 110 and 148.

Footnote 84:

Compare the _American Anthropologist_, Vol. 4, No. 2, April-June,
1902.

Footnote 85:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1854, in Sanborn, p. 191.

Footnote 86:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, pp. 188–190.

Footnote 87:

Letter to his children, 1854, in Sanborn, pp. 110–111.

Footnote 88:

Redpath, p. 81.

Footnote 89:

Letter to his wife, 1855, in Sanborn, pp. 193–194.

Footnote 90:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, pp. 190–191.

Footnote 91:

Ruth Thompson, in Sanborn, p. 105.

Footnote 92:

Farewell address of Governor Geary, _Transactions_ of the Kansas State
Historical Society, Vol. IV, p. 739.

Footnote 93:

Letters to his family, 1855, in Sanborn, pp. 201 and 205.

Footnote 94:

Redpath, pp. 103–104.

Footnote 95:

Letter to his family, 1855, in Sanborn, pp. 217–221.

Footnote 96:

Letter to his wife, 1855, in Sanborn, pp. 217–221.

Footnote 97:

G. W. Brown, _Reminiscences of Old John Brown_, p. 8; Phillips,
_History of Kansas_, quoted in Redpath, p. 90.

Footnote 98:

Letter to his family, 1855, in Sanborn, pp. 217–221.

Footnote 99:

Letter to his family, 1856, in Sanborn, p. 223.

Footnote 100:

Letter of Giddings to John Brown, 1856, in Sanborn, p. 224.

Footnote 101:

D. W. Wilder, in the _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical
Society, Vol. 6, p. 337.

Footnote 102:

E. A. Coleman, in Sanborn, p. 260.

Footnote 103:

James Hanway, in Hinton, _John Brown and His Men_, p. 695.

Footnote 104:

Bondi in _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical Society, Vol.
8, p. 279; Spring, _Kansas_, p. 143.

Footnote 105:

Jason Brown, in Sanborn, p. 273.

Footnote 106:

E. A. Coleman, in Sanborn, p. 259.

Footnote 107:

John Brown, Jr., in Sanborn, p. 278.

Footnote 108:

Letter to his family, 1856, in Sanborn, pp. 236–241.

Footnote 109:

Sanborn, pp. 287–288.

Footnote 110:

Sanborn, pp. 288–290.

Footnote 111:

Redpath, pp. 112–114.

Footnote 112:

Bondi in the _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical Society,
Vol. 8, pp. 282–284.

Footnote 113:

Bondi in the _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical Society,
Vol. 8, p. 285.

Footnote 114:

_Ibid._, p. 284.

Footnote 115:

Bondi in the _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical Society,
Vol. 8, p. 286; John Brown to his family, 1856, in Sanborn, pp.
236–241.

Footnote 116:

W. A. Phillips, in Sanborn, pp. 306–308.

Footnote 117:

Hinton, pp. 201–204.

Footnote 118:

Samuel Walker in _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical
Society, Vol. 6, p. 267.

Footnote 119:

Appeal to the citizens of Lafayette County, Mo., Sanborn, p. 309.

Footnote 120:

Samuel Walker in _Transactions_ of the Kansas State Historical
Society, Vol. 6, pp. 272–273.

Footnote 121:

Quoted in Sanborn, p. 321.

Footnote 122:

John Brown to his family, 1856, Sanborn, pp. 317–318.

Footnote 123:

Charles Robinson to John Brown, 1856, in Sanborn, pp. 330–331.

Footnote 124:

Speech of John Brown, Redpath, pp. 163–164.

Footnote 125:

Redpath, pp. 164–165.

Footnote 126:

Paper by John Brown, Sanborn, pp. 332–333.

Footnote 127:

Executive minutes of Governor Geary in _Transactions_ of the Kansas
State Historical Society, Vol. 4, p. 537.

Footnote 128:

Letter to Augustus Wattles, 1857, in Sanborn, p. 391.

Footnote 129:

Correspondence of Lane and Brown, in Sanborn, pp. 401–402.

Footnote 130:

Letter to F. B. Sanborn and others, 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 474–477.

Footnote 131:

_Ibid._

Footnote 132:

Hinton in Redpath, pp. 199–206.

Footnote 133:

George B. Gill in Hinton, p. 218.

Footnote 134:

Sanborn, pp. 481–483.

Footnote 135:

Hamilton, _John Brown in Canada_, pp. 4–5.

Footnote 136:

Sanborn, p. 491.

Footnote 137:

Redpath, p. 48.

Footnote 138:

Redpath, p. 71.

Footnote 139:

Hinton in Redpath, pp. 203–205.

Footnote 140:

Reminiscences of George B. Gill, Hinton, pp. 732–733.

Footnote 141:

Hinton, pp. 171–172.

Footnote 142:

Notes by John Brown, in Sanborn, p. 244.

Footnote 143:

Paper by John Brown, in Sanborn, pp. 241–242.

Footnote 144:

Letter from Gerrit Smith to John Brown, in Sanborn, p. 364.

Footnote 145:

Jeremiah Brown in Redpath, pp. 174–175.

Footnote 146:

Reminiscences of Mrs. Mary E. Stearns, in Hinton, pp. 719–727.

Footnote 147:

Sanborn, _John Brown and his Friends_, p. 8.

Footnote 148:

Letter of H. B. Hurd to John Brown, 1857, in Sanborn, p. 367.

Footnote 149:

Sanborn, pp. 375–376.

Footnote 150:

Speech of John Brown, Sanborn. p. 379.

Footnote 151:

Letter to Eli Thayer, 1857, in Sanborn, p. 382.

Footnote 152:

Reminiscences of Dr. Wayland, Sanborn, p. 381.

Footnote 153:

Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No. 278,
Testimony of Richard Realf, p. 96.

Footnote 154:

Hinton, pp. 614–615.

Footnote 155:

Letter to Augustus Wattles, 1857, in Sanborn, p. 393.

Footnote 156:

Confession of John E. Cook in Hinton, pp. 700–701.

Footnote 157:

Richman, _John Brown Among the Quakers_, pp. 20–21.

Footnote 158:

Richman, pp. 28–29.

Footnote 159:

Hinton, pp. 156–157.

Footnote 160:

Douglass, _Life and Times of Frederick Douglass_, pp. 385–386.

Footnote 161:

Letter to Theodore Parker, 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 434–435.

Footnote 162:

Letter to Higginson, 1858, in Sanborn, p. 436.

Footnote 163:

Sanborn, pp. 438—440.

Footnote 164:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 450–451.

Footnote 165:

Letter to his family, 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 440–441.

Footnote 166:

Letter to F. B. Sanborn, 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 444–445.

Footnote 167:

Hickok, _The Negro in Ohio_, p. 42.

Footnote 168:

_Ibid._, p. 44.

Footnote 169:

Williams, _Negro Race in America_, Vol. 2, pp. 65–67.

Footnote 170:

Occasional Papers of the American Negro Academy, No. 9, p. 10.

Footnote 171:

Occasional Papers of the American Negro Academy, No. 9, p. 15.

Footnote 172:

_Ibid._, No. 9, p. 16.

Footnote 173:

Douglass, _Life and Times of Frederick Douglass_ (1892), p. 345.

Footnote 174:

Occasional Papers of the American Negro Academy, No. 9, pp. 16–19.

Footnote 175:

Occasional Papers of the American Negro Academy, No. 9, pp. 20–21.

Footnote 176:

Manuscript Diary of John Brown, Boston Public Library, Vol. 2, p. 35.

Footnote 177:

Letter to John Brown, Jr., 1858, in Sanborn, p. 452.

Footnote 178:

Bradford, _Harriet, the Moses of Her People_, pp. 118–119.

Footnote 179:

Letter of Wendell Phillips, printed in Bradford, _Harriet, the Moses
of Her People_, pp. 155–156.

Footnote 180:

Hamilton, _John Brown in Canada_, p. 10.

Footnote 181:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 9.

Footnote 182:

Rollins, _Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delaney_, pp. 85–90.

Footnote 183:

Reminiscences of J. M. Jones, in Hamilton, _John Brown in Canada_, pp.
14–15.

Footnote 184:

Hinton, p. 178.

Footnote 185:

Reminiscences of J. M. Jones, in Hamilton, _John Brown in Canada_, pp.
14 and 16.

Footnote 186:

Rollins, _Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delaney_, pp. 85–90.

Footnote 187:

Reminiscences of George B. Gill, in Hinton, p. 185.

Footnote 188:

Reminiscences of J. M. Jones, in Hamilton, _John Brown in Canada_, p.
16.

Footnote 189:

Hinton, pp. 619–633.

Footnote 190:

Hinton, pp. 642–643.

Footnote 191:

Provisional Constitution, Art. 42.

Footnote 192:

Letter to his family, 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 455–456.

Footnote 193:

Letter from Sanborn to Higginson, 1858, in Sanborn, p. 458.

Footnote 194:

Letter from Higginson to Theodore Parker, in Sanborn, p. 459.

Footnote 195:

Letter from Forbes to Higginson, 1858, in Sanborn, pp. 460–461.

Footnote 196:

Sanborn, pp. 463–464.

Footnote 197:

Letter to Owen Brown, 1858, in Richman, _John Brown Among the
Quakers_, pp. 40–41.

Footnote 198:

Jefferson, _Notes on Virginia_.

Footnote 199:

Sanborn, p. 467.

Footnote 200:

Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No. 278;
Testimony of Richard Realf, p. 100.

Footnote 201:

Sanborn, p. 457.

Footnote 202:

Hinton, pp. 130–131.

Footnote 203:

W. P. Garrison in the _Andover Review_, Dec., 1890, and Jan., 1891.

Footnote 204:

General Orders, Oct. 10, 1859, Hinton, pp. 646–647.

Footnote 205:

Douglass, _Life and Times of Frederick Douglass_, p. 387.

Footnote 206:

Hunter, _John Brown’s Raid_, republished in the Publications of the
Southern History Association, Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 188.

Footnote 207:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of Ralph Plumb, p. 181.

Footnote 208:

Barry, _The Strange Story of Harper’s Ferry_, p. 93.

Footnote 209:

Anne Brown in Hinton, pp. 529–530.

Footnote 210:

Hinton, p. 453.

Footnote 211:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 15.

Footnote 212:

Hinton, pp. 496–497.

Footnote 213:

Sanborn in the _Atlantic Monthly_, Hinton, p. 570.

Footnote 214:

Anne Brown in Hinton, p. 450.

Footnote 215:

From the newspaper report of the speech at Cleveland, March 22d,
Redpath, pp. 239–240.

Footnote 216:

Diary of A. Bronson Alcott, Sanborn, pp. 504–505.

Footnote 217:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of John C. Unseld, pp. 1–2.

Footnote 218:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 19.

Footnote 219:

Douglass, _Life and Times of Frederick Douglass_, pp. 388–391.

Footnote 220:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 23–25.

Footnote 221:

Anne Brown in Sanborn, p. 531.

Footnote 222:

Anne Brown in Hinton, p. 265.

Footnote 223:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of John B. Floyd, pp. 250–252.

Footnote 224:

Letter to Kagi, 1859, in Hinton, pp. 257–258.

Footnote 225:

Anne Brown in Hinton, p. 260.

Footnote 226:

Letter of Owen to John Brown, 1850, in Hinton, p. 259.

Footnote 227:

John Brown, Jr., to Kagi, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 547–548.

Footnote 228:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 26.

Footnote 229:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 27.

Footnote 230:

_Ibid._, p. 23.

Footnote 231:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 29.

Footnote 232:

Anderson. _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 31–32.

Footnote 233:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of Daniel Wheeler, pp. 21–22.

Footnote 234:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 33.

Footnote 235:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 33–34.

Footnote 236:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 36–37.

Footnote 237:

Statement by John Edwin Cook in Hinton, pp. 700–718.

Footnote 238:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 37.

Footnote 239:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 37–38.

Footnote 240:

Redpath, p. 249.

Footnote 241:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of John D. Starry, p. 25.

Footnote 242:

Boteler, “Recollections of the John Brown Raid” in the _Century
Magazine_, July, 1883, p. 405.

Footnote 243:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 42.

Footnote 244:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 39–40.

Footnote 245:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 40.

Footnote 246:

Boteler, “Recollections of the John Brown Raid” in the _Century
Magazine_, July, 1883, p. 407.

Footnote 247:

Daingerfield in the _Century Magazine_, June, 1885.

Footnote 248:

Barry, _Strange Story of Harper’s Ferry_, p. 67.

Footnote 249:

Patrick Higgins in Hinton, p. 290.

Footnote 250:

Daingerfield in the _Century Magazine_, June, 1885.

Footnote 251:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 42.

Footnote 252:

Testimony of Henry Hunter in Redpath, pp. 320–321.

Footnote 253:

Daingerfield in the _Century Magazine_, June, 1885.

Footnote 254:

Berry, _Strange Story of Harper’s Ferry_, pp. 70–71.

Footnote 255:

Daingerfield in the _Century Magazine_, June, 1885.

Footnote 256:

Anderson, _A Voice from Harper’s Ferry_, p. 52.

Footnote 257:

John Brown in Sanborn, pp. 560–661.

Footnote 258:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of George L. Stearns, pp. 241–242.

Footnote 259:

Douglass, _Life and Times of Frederick Douglass_ (1892), p. 376.

Footnote 260:

Correspondence of the New York _Herald_, Sanborn, pp. 562–571.

Footnote 261:

Frederick Douglass in a speech at Storer College at Harper’s Ferry,
May, 1882.

Footnote 262:

Hinton, pp. 325–326.

Footnote 263:

Mrs. Spring in Redpath, p. 377.

Footnote 264:

Newspaper report in Redpath, p. 376.

Footnote 265:

Mrs. Spring in Redpath, p. 377.

Footnote 266:

Letter to his sister, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 607–609.

Footnote 267:

Remarks by John Brown in Redpath, p. 309.

Footnote 268:

Newspaper report quoted by Redpath, p. 337.

Footnote 269:

Redpath, pp. 340–342.

Footnote 270:

Letter to Mrs. George L. Stearns, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 610–611.

Footnote 271:

Letter to his cousin, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 594–595.

Footnote 272:

Letter to D. R. Tilden in Sanborn, pp. 609–610.

Footnote 273:

Letters to his family, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 579–580, 613–615.

Footnote 274:

Letter to D. R. Tilden in Sanborn, pp. 609–610.

Footnote 275:

Letter to his family, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 579–580.

Footnote 276:

Letter to a friend, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 582–583.

Footnote 277:

Letter to his family, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 579–580.

Footnote 278:

Letter to H. L. Vaill, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 589–591.

Footnote 279:

Letter to Rev. Dr. Humphrey, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 603–605.

Footnote 280:

Letter to H. L. Vaill, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 590–591.

Footnote 281:

Letter to Miss Stearns, Sanborn, p. 607.

Footnote 282:

Postscript of letter to his family, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 585–587.

Footnote 283:

Letter to Rev. Dr. Humphrey, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 603–605.

Footnote 284:

Letter to Mr. McFarland, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 598–599.

Footnote 285:

Letter to his younger children, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 596–597.

Footnote 286:

Letter to his wife and children in Sanborn, pp. 585–587.

Footnote 287:

Letter to D. R. Tilden in Sanborn, pp. 609–610.

Footnote 288:

Letter to Mr. McFarland, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 598–599.

Footnote 289:

Redpath, pp. 382–383. c

Footnote 290:

Last letter to his family, 1859, in Sanborn, pp. 614–615.

Footnote 291:

Letter to F. B. Musgrave, 1859, in Sanborn, p. 593.

Footnote 292:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of Joshua R. Giddings, pp. 147–156.

Footnote 293:

Report: Reports of Senate Committees, 36th Congress, 1st Session, No.
278; Testimony of Joshua R. Giddings pp. 147–156.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. P. 34, changed “John, Dr.” to “John, Jr.”. 2. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 3. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 4. Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 5. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 6. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.