Chapter I: Part 1

Transcriber Note

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal signs=.

VOLUME SIX NUMBER FOUR
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JOURNAL

OF

ENTOMOLOGY
AND
ZOOLOGY

DECEMBER, 1914

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY
POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY
CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.
======================================================================

CONTENTS

Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna Region--_Margaret M. Moles_ 187

Some Points in the Nervous System of a Large Deep Water Crab--_Wm.
A. Hilton_ 198

A New Pseudoscorpion From California--_Nathan Banks_ 203

A Nebalia From Laguna Beach--_R. La Follette_ 204

Starfish of Laguna Beach 209

Barnacles of Laguna Beach 212

Notes on the Eggs of Some Laguna Beach Invertebrates--_P.A. Lichti_ 215

Preliminary Notes on Some Marine Worms Taken at Laguna Beach--_W. F.
Hamilton_ 217

Studies in the Comparative Size of the Red Blood Corpuscles of
Birds--_Chi Tsau Wang_ 221

Caprellidæ From Laguna Beach--_R. La Follette_ 222

Short Notes 233

Additional Notes on the Birds of Laguna Beach--_Leon L. Gardner_ 235

A New Dipterous Gall on Stanleya--_T. D. A. Cockerell_ 240

Hydroids of Laguna Beach--_Prof. A. M. Bean_ 242

Summer School at Laguna Beach 245

Entered at Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879

Journal of Entomology and Zoology

EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

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Address all communications to

The Journal of Entomology and Zoology

William A. Hilton, Editor

Claremont, California, U. S. A.

JOURNAL OF
ENTOMOLOGY AND
ZOOLOGY

VOLUME VI, 1914

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE
CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.

Contents of Volume VI

Volume VI, Number 1

=Kuwana, S. I.=

Coccidæ of Japan, 1.

=Alexander, C. P., and Lloyd, J. T.=

The Biology of the North American Crane-Flies (Tipulidæ Diptera), 12.

=Hilton, William A.=

The Central Ganglia of Xenylla, 38.

=Moles, Margaret Lyons=

A New Species of Pseudoscorpion from Laguna Beach, Cal., 42.

=Bacon, Gertrude=

Neanura Gigantea Tull in Southern California, 45.

Shorter articles, 48.

Wants and Exchanges, 52.

Volume VI, Number 2

=Banks, Nathan=

New Acarina, 55.

=Funkhouser, W. D.=

Some Philippine Membracidæ, 67.

=Essig, E. O.=

The Second Protodiaspis, 76.

=Moles, Margaret Lyons=

A Pseudoscorpion from Poplar Trees, 81.

=Bacon, Gertrude A.=

A New Species of Tullbergia, 84.

=Gardner, Ray Earl=

Some Notes on the Distribution of Cinura in the Vicinity of
Claremont, with Description of a New Species, 86.

=Felt, E. P.=

Aplonyx Sarcobati N. Sp., 93.

=Hilton, William A.=

The Nervous System of Neanura Gigantea Tull, 95.

Shorter Articles, 98.

Wants and Exchanges, 102.

Volume VI, Number 3

=Alexander, Charles Paul=

Biology of the North American Crane-Flies (Tipulidæ Diptera), 105.

=Ewing, H. E.=

The Geographical Distribution of Our Common Red Spider, Tetranychus
Telarius Linn., 121.

=King, Geo. B.=

The Eleventh Kermes (Coccidæ) from California, 133.

=Hilton, William A.=

The Central Nervous System of the Pycnogonid Lecythorhynchus, 134.

=Bacon, Gertrude Auld=

The Distribution of Collembola in the Claremont-Laguna Region of
California, 137.

Wants and Exchanges, 185.

Volume VI, Number 4

=Moles, Margaret M.=

Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna Region, 187.

=Hilton, Wm. A.=

Some Points in the Nervous System of a Large Deep Water Crab, 198.

=Banks, Nathan=

A New Pseudoscorpion from California, 203.

=La Follette, R.=

A Nebalia from Laguna Beach, 204.

Starfish of Laguna Beach, 209.

=Hughes, Miss S. P.=

Barnacles of Laguna Beach, 212.

=Lichti, P. A.=

Notes on the Eggs of Some Laguna Beach Invertebrates, 215.

=Hamilton, W. F.=

Preliminary Notes on Some Marine Worms Taken at Laguna Beach, 217.

=Wang, Chi Tsau=

Studies in the Comparative Size of the Red Blood Corpuscles of Birds,
221.

=La Follette, R.=

Caprellidæ from Laguna Beach, 222.

Short Notes, 233.

=Gardner, Leon L.=

Additional Notes on the Birds of Laguna Beach, 235.

=Cockerell, T. D. A.=

A New Dipterous Gall on Stanleya, 240.

=Bean, Prof. A. M.=

Hydroids of Laguna Beach, 242.

Summer School at Laguna Beach, 245.

Index to Volume VI

Acarina, 55.
Achorutes, 165.
californica, 165.
citri, 166.
Actitis macularius, 237.
Ægialitis novisa, 237.
semipalmata, 237.
Aglaophenia inconspictus, 243.
Aglaophenia struthionides, 243.
Alexander, C. P., 12, 105.
Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus, 238.
Anisomera longicornis, 21.
Antenella avalonia, 243.
Aplonyx sarcobati, 93.
Aphoruridæ, 168.
Aphorura, 170.
lutea, 170.
montis, 171.
Arrhenica spinosa, 27.
Asterina miniata, 211.
Astroglinus tristis salicamans, 238.
Asteropecten erinoceus, 211.
Atemnus hirsutus, 203, 195.

Bacon, G. A., 45, 84, 137.
Balanus nubilus, 213.
tintinnabulum californicus, 212.
Banks, Nathan, 55.
Barnacles, 212.
Bdellidæ, 55.
Bdella utilis, 55.
Bean, A. M., 242.
Birds, Laguna Beach, 235.
Buteo borealis colurus, 237.

Caligonus terminalis, 57.
Canestrinidæ, 61.
Canestrinia blattophaga, 61.
Campanulariidæ, 244.
Campodea montis, 86.
kelloggi, 91.
folsomi, 91.
Caprellidæ, 222.
æquilibra, 224.
geometrica, 222.
septentrionalis, 223.
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus, 237.
Centrochares horrificus, 69.
Centrotoscelus, 72.
typus, 73.
Ceryle alcyon, 238.
Chelanops acuminatus, 193.
lagunæ, 42, 193.
paludis, 81, 193.
pallipes, 193.
serratus, 193.
Chelifer cancroides, 187.
fuscipes, 188.
scabrisulus, 192.
Cheyletidæ, 56.
Cheyletus cocciphilus, 56.
Chloræmidæ, 219.
Cinura, 86.
Cirratulidæ, 219.
Cirratulus robustus, 219.
spirobranchus, 219.
Clymenella rubrocincta, 219.
Coccidæ of Japan, 1, 48, 133.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 240.
Collembola, 137.
Corpuscles, birds, 221.
Corvus corax sinuatus, 238.
Crane flies, 12, 105.
Cryptaspidia pubera, 69.
tagalica, 69.
Cunaxa aramata, 55.
Cyphodeirus, 162.
albinus, 162.

Diptera, 12, 105.
Disparipes apicola, 61.
Drepanura, 154.
californica, 155.

Eggs, invertebrates, 215.
Entomobrya, 155.
binoculata, 157.
chitellaria, 158.
laguna, 160.
multifasciata, 158.
sexoculata, 156.
Entomobryidæ.
Entrychocampa wilsoni, 92.
Eriocera, 12.
fultonensis, 30.
longicornis, 21.
macquart, 12.
spinosa, 27.
Eriococcus festucæ, 2.
Essig, E. O., 76.
Eunicidæ, 218.
Euphrosyne aurantiaca, 218.
Euphrosynidæ, 218.
Eusmatura pamoicensis, 236.
Evalljapyx propinquus, 92.
Ewing, H. E., 121.

Felt, E. P., 93.
Fish, Laguna Beach, 233.
Funkhouser, W. D., 67.

Gardner, L. L., 235.
Gardner, R. E., 86.
Gargara, 69.
luteipennis, 71.
nigro-fasciata, 70.
nitidipennis, 71.
pulchripennis, 70.
tuberculata, 70.
varicolor, 69.
Gavia, 235.
immer, 235.
pacifica, 236.
Glyceridæ, 219.

Haliætus leucocephalus leucocephalus, 237.
Halosydna, 217.
californica, 217.
insignis, 217.
Hamilton, W. F., 217.
Harmothoe hirsuta, 218.
Hemipodia borealis, 219.
Hermellidæ, 219.
Heteractitis incanus, 237.
Hilton, W. A., 38, 95, 134, 198.
Himantopus mexicanus, 236.
Hirundo erythrogastra, 238.
Hughes, S. P., 212.
Hydroids, 242.

Ideobisium threveneti, 196.
Ideoroncus obscurus, 196.
Isotoma, 145.
aquæ, 147.
aspera, 149.
besselsii, 148.
bidenticula, 147.
catena, 152.
minima, 149.
palustris, 153.
viridis, 150.

Japan, Coccidæ of, 1.
Japygidæ, 92.

Kermes branigani, 100.
mirabilis, 133.
sasseri, 48.
King, Geo. B., 48, 100, 133.
Kuwana, S. I., 1.

La Follette, R., 204, 222.
Laguna Beach, 245.
Larus heermanni, 236.
Lecanium pseudomagnoliarum, 7.
Lecanium magnoliarum, 7.
Lecythorhynchus, 134.
Lepas anatifera, 214.
fasciculatus, 214.
Lepidasthenia gigas, 217.
Lepismidæ, 92.
Leptrocentrus reponens, 69.
Lichti, P. A., 215.
Linckia columbiæ, 209.
Liogma nodicornis, 105.
Lloyd, J. T., 12.
Lumbriconereidæ, 218.
Lumbriconereis erecta, 218.

McFadden, E. T., 50.
Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus, 236.
Macrocheles sublaevis, 59.
Map--Claremont-Laguna, 144.
Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi, 238.
Membracidæ, 57.
Mergus serrator, 236.
Mitella polymerus, 213.
Mola mola, 233.
Moldanidæ, 219.
Moles, M. L., 42, 81, 187.
Mycochanes richardsoni richardsoni, 238.
Neanura, 168.
gigantea, 45, 95.
Nebalia, 204.
Nematoda, 220.
Nemertinea, 220.
Nereidæ, 218.
Nereis agassizi, 218.
virens, 218.
Nervous system, 38, 95, 134, 198.

Obisium macilentum, 195.
Ordemia deglandi, 236.
perspicillata, 236.
Ophiomegistus, 58.
luzonensis, 58.
Orthasterias gonolena, 209.
Otus asio bendirei, 237.

Pandion haliætus carolinensis, 237.
Pennariidæ, 242.
Parasitidæ, 58.
Parasitus inaegualis, 59.
Perrisia stanleyæ, 241.
Phenacoccus azaleæ, 1.
Phyllodocidæ, 218.
Pisaster capitatus, 209.
Pisaster ochraceus, 209.
Pionosyllis elongatus, 217.
Plumulariidæ, 243.
Plumularia lagenifera, 243.
setacea, 243.
Poduridæ, 164.
Polyaspis lamellipes, 58.
Polychaeta, 217.
Polynoidæ, 217.
Popirius, 144.
Porichthys notatus, 233.
Protodiaspis, 76.
agrifolia, 76.
Pseudoscorpion, 42, 81, 187.
Pseudosira, 164.
domestica, 164.
Pulvinaria, 3.
citricola, 3.
idesiæ, 6.
okilsuensis, 5.
photiniac, 4.
Pycnogonida, 134.
Pyrgonota bifoliata, 67.

Rivers, J. J., 98.
Rhyncholophidæ, 56.
Rhyncholophus moestus, 56.

Sabellidæ, 219.
Sabellaria californica, 220.
Schmardanella californica, 219.
Sea urchins, 234.
Serpulidæ, 219.
Sertularia fuscata, 243.
tricuspidata, 243.
Sertulariidæ, 243.
Sinella, 145.
curviseta, 145.
Sipylus nodipennis, 72.
Smynthuridæ, 143.
Smynthurus, 144.
Spider, 121.
Starfish, 209.
Syllidæ, 217.

Tarsonemidæ, 60.
Tarsonemus approximatus, 60.
assimilis, 60.
Terrebellidæ, 219.
Tetranychidæ, 57.
Tetranychus simplex, 57.
telarius, 121.
Tipulidæ, 12, 105.
Tomocerus, 161.
bidentatus, 162.
vulgaris, 161.
Tricentrus, 67.
convergens, 68.
fairmairei, 67.
pilinervosus, 68.
Tubularia, 242.
Tullbergia, 84, 171.
collis, 172.
Turbellaria, 220.

Wang, Chi Tsau, 221.
Worms, 217.

Xenylla, 38, 166.
collis, 167.
paludis, 168.
Xylococcus napiformis, 1.

Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna Region

MARGARET M. MOLES

Many individuals may be found in a certain vicinity. In the valleys where oak and sycamore trees grow abundantly there can be found as many as seventy-five on the lower trunk of one tree. They are all of one or two species. In all the student collections that have been carried on here in college for the last ten years there have never been more than four or five species collected. It was only through special collection that the other species were found. Very few were found under stones, where they are so often spoken of as living, and few were found among fallen leaves. Some were collected in rotten poplar and pine logs. In the marshy ground at Chino they were found under leaves and stones and were very abundant on the poplar trees.

The distribution of the pseudoscorpions extends from an altitude of 5000 down to within ten feet of the ocean.

Concerning their habits of living little can be found. Many small spiders were found in their claws, also the small mites that live underneath the bark of trees. Several experiments were tried with some that were brought into the laboratory. The results were:

1. The pseudoscorpions would not go into Eucalyptus bark.

2. They could not live in a glass dish if water was not placed in it somewhere. If water was left out, they would dry up within twenty-four hours.

3. They avoided the sunlight and would go under cover.

4. They would remain in one spot without moving for a day at a time.

_Chelifer cancroides_ Linn

_Description_: Length--including mandibles, 3 mm.; pedipalps, 4 mm.; claw, 1.5 mm. Color--Pedipalps, dark reddish brown; cephalothorax, dark reddish brown; abdomen, lighter than the palps and cephalothorax; legs, light yellow brown.

_Cephalothorax_: Evenly rounded in front; one distinct median suture, two distinct eye spots.

_Abdomen_: Twice as long as it is broad and divided into eleven distinct sutures. All of the scuta about the same size except the last one, which is a great deal shorter and broader than the rest. Each scutum is provided with two strong, spiny hairs on the outer edge.

The whole body is heavily granulated, the cephalothorax having knob-like protuberances all along the edges.

_Pedipalps_: Larger than the whole animal. Coxa, smooth; trochanter with large protuberance ending in a heavy spine on the outer edge. Femur longer than cephalothorax, pedicellate. Tibia, concave on inner edge, pedicellate, shorter than femur. Trochanter, femur and tibia strongly granulated and sparsely covered with almost clavate hairs. Claw of good size, finger a little shorter than the hand. Hand evenly convex on outer and inner edges. Finger slightly curved, smooth, with many long simple tactile hairs.

_Mandibles_: Small, fixed finger provided with many small teeth. Serrula attached throughout length of moveable finger. Spinnerets long and transparent. Mandibles are provided with five or more heavy long hairs.

_Flagellum_: Divided into four separate parts.

_Legs_: First two with trochantins, claws simple, legs covered with almost clavate hairs.

_Habitat_: Barns or buildings of this community; also found in some of the common trees, such as the oak and sycamore. This was collected in Whittier, Claremont, Lytle Creek and San Antonio canyons, and the smaller canyons near Claremont.

_Chelifer fuscipes_ Banks. Figs. 1 and 2

_Description_: Length of animal, including mandibles, 4 mm.; pedipalps, 5.5 mm.; claw, 2 mm. Color--Pedipalps, reddish brown; cephalothorax, reddish brown; abdomen and legs, light brown.

_Cephalothorax_: As long as it is broad. Upper edge almost truncate, yet rounded; sides evenly convex, lower edge almost straight. Cephalothorax finely granulate and heavy, simple spine-like hairs placed in a definite order. One distinct median suture. Two eye spots.

_Abdomen_: Half as broad as it is long and divided into twelve scuta. The outer edges of each scutum are prolonged into curved hooked spines. The first scutum is the shortest and broadest, and has the heavier spine or hook, while the last two segments often lack the hook. The abdomen is finely granulate and at the lower edge of each scutum there are eight heavy, short, simple hairs.

_Pedipalps_: Longer than body, coxa smooth, trochanter with large protuberance ending in a strong spine on outer side; femur longer than cephalothorax, slightly concave on inner edge, convex on outer edge. Tibia pedicellate, shorter than femur. The trochanter, femur and tibia are all granulate and sparsely covered with short, simple hairs. Claw large, hand broad, smoothly convex on both sides; finger as long as the hand and slightly curved. It is also provided with long, tactile hairs.

_Mandibles_: Small for size of animal; fixed finger provided with small teeth. Serrula attached throughout the length of moveable finger. Flagellum divided into small parts. Spinnerets small and transparent.

_Legs_: First three legs with trochantins, claws simple, legs covered with simple hairs.

_Habitat_: Sycamore canyons, Laguna Beach, Whittier Hills, Cucamonga canyon, Arrowhead canyon, Lytle Creek canyon, Evey's canyon, San Antonio canyon, and from oak and sycamore trees around the college campus.

_Chelifer scabrisulis_ Simon

I will not describe the details of this species, because it is so much like the last described, differing from _C. fuscipes_ by not having the prolonged hooks like spines, on the outer edges of each abdominal scutum. The color differs from the other two. The abdomen and legs are light brown. The cephalothorax and palps are a little darker yellowish brown.

The habitat of this species was the same as that of _C. fuscipes_. When collecting, they were generally found together.

_Chelanops oblongus_ Say

_Description:_ Length of body, including mandibles, 5 mm; abdomen, 4 mm.; pedipalps, 4.5 mm.; claw, 2 mm. Color--Cephalothorax, light reddish brown, pedipalps darker, abdomen yellow with dark brown spots, legs pale yellow.

_Cephalothorax:_ Very short for length of body. Front margin truncate, sides almost straight, lower margin slightly convex, smooth and shiny and provided with many short hairs.

_Abdomen:_ Four times as long as it is wide; sub-parallel sides. Each scutum with a dark spot on each side and each dark spot surrounded by long, simple hairs arranged in a definite order.

_Pedipalps:_ Nearly as long as the body, coxa smooth, trochanter stout and short; femur pedicellate, broadest part being near base, as long as the cephalothorax, inner edge slightly concave, outer edge strongly convex; tibia shorter than femur, pedicellate, strongly convex on inner edge, on outer edge slightly concave near base, but strongly convex beyond.

_Claw:_ Large, finger very stout and curved, shorter than the hand. Hand very broad, very convex on outer edge, only slightly so on inner edge. The trochanter, femur and tibia are covered with stout simple hairs of varying length.

_Mandibles:_ Small and short, serrula attached throughout length of finger, spinnerets small and transparent.

_Legs:_ Short and stout, covered with short, stout, simple hairs.

_Habitat_: This has been reported from Palm Springs, but one specimen was found within our area at Brown's Flats, at about four thousand feet elevation, in an old pine log.

_Chelanops pallipes_ Banks

Similar to _C. dorsalis_, but fingers longer than hand and very slender; tibia also slender, less convex on the inner side, hard parts with clavate hairs. Three millimeters long. (From Banks.)

_Habitat_: Los Angeles and vicinity, but has not yet been found in our immediate region.

_Chelanops acuminatus_ Simon

Cephalothorax and palpi reddish brown, with short but not clavate hairs; no eye spots; pedipalps rather short, hand evenly convex on inner side at base, fingers much shorter than the hand and quite stout. 3 mm. long. (From Banks.)

_Habitat_: Claremont and Los Angeles.

_Chelanops lagunæ_ Moles

This species was described in the March number of this Journal, 1914.

It differs chiefly from _C. dorsalis_ Banks by having two eye spots. It is a smaller species. This small species was found in Sycamore canyon, near Laguna Beach.

_Chelanops paludis_ Moles

This species was described in the June, 1914, number of this Journal.

The very broad form of the abdomen is characteristic.

This was found on poplar trees and in poplar logs in the Chino swamp.

_Chelanops serratus_ n. sp. Fig. 3

_Description_: Length--Pedipalps, 3 mm. Impossible to take measurements of other parts, for slide was so poorly made, but the body was small. Color--Cephalothorax and pedipalps, strong yellow brown; legs and abdomen, light yellow.

_Cephalothorax_: As long as it is broad, sides evenly convex, upper margin straight, one distinct median suture; no eye spots; surface of cephalothorax very granular.

_Abdomen_: Badly curled up; scuta entirely covered with short almost clavate hairs.

The naming of this species is based on the short "saw-like" hairs that are all over the body. They are not globular on the end, as the clavate hairs, but have "saw-like" edge.

_Palps_: Short and stout, coxa smooth, trochanter as usual, femur shorter than cephalothorax; pedicellate, inner margin almost straight at base, then suddenly concave to tip, outer margin evenly but not strongly convex; tibia broad, pedicellate, suddenly enlarging on inner side near base, outer margin evenly convex. Trochanter, femur, tibia strongly granulate and sparsely covered with these "saw-like" hairs.

_Hand_: Broad as it is long, greatly swollen on inner margin near base; fingers slightly curved and as long as the hand.

_Mandibles_: Small; spinnerets small and transparent; serrula attached throughout the length of the moveable finger.

_Legs_: The two anterior legs with trochantins; legs covered with many hairs.

This specimen was found on the window pane of the Pomona College greenhouse. A fly (_Musca domestica_) lit on the pane and the pseudoscorpion caught its legs and clung while the fly crawled about. This is the only one of its kind that has been found.

_Atemnus hirsutus_ Banks

Described by Banks in this number of the Journal. Only one specimen of this species was taken. This is the species found nearest the ocean. The broad hand is quite evident. Found ten feet from the ocean, among stones, at Laguna Beach.

_Obisium macilentum_ Simon

_Description_: Pale yellowish brown, legs paler; hard part shining; cephalothorax one-fourth longer than broad. Sides parallel; mandibles about one-half the length of the cephalothorax; pedipalps very long and slender, with long, fine, scattered hairs. Femur as long as the cephalothorax. Fingers longer than hand.

_Habitat_: Claremont.

_Ideobisium threveneti_ Simon

_Description_: Length of animal, including mandibles, 4 mm.; length of palps, 3.5 mm.; length of abdomen, 3 mm.; length of claw, 1.5 mm. Color--Cephalothorax and palps, dark reddish brown; abdomen, lighter than cephalothorax; legs, pale yellow.

_Cephalothorax_: As long as it is broad, upper margin truncate, sides nearly straight, lower margin straight; no suture; four distinct eye spots; eyes on each side almost touch each other.

_Abdomen_: Elongate, three times as long as it is broad; scuta entire.

_Palps_: Coxa smooth; trochanter small; femur long, outer edge almost straight, inner edge slightly convex; tibia short and stout, pedicellate, convex on inner and outer surface.

_Claw_: Not large; finger as long as hand and not curved very much; hand, broad, evenly convex on inner and outer edges.

_Legs_: Lack trochantins, III and IV stouter than I and II; mandibles large; serrula not attached throughout length of moveable finger; spinnerets long and transparent.

_Habitat_: Claremont, Ice House Canyon, under leaves.

_Ideoroncus obscurus_ Banks

_Description_: Length of animal, including mandibles, 3 mm.; length of pedipalps, 3 mm. Color--Cephalothorax and pedipalps dark yellow brown; abdomen and legs very light yellow.

_Cephalothorax_: A little longer than broad; front margin slightly truncate, rounded; sides so slightly convex as to be almost straight; lower margin slightly recurved; no transverse sutures; one pair of eyes.

_Abdomen_: Elongate and slender; scuta entire; both abdomen and cephalothorax with a few simple scattered hairs.

_Palps_: Long and slender; coxa smooth; trochanter lacks large protuberance of many of the Cheliferidæ; femur hardly as long as cephalothorax, very slender and not pedicellate; tibia shorter and broader than femur, pedicellate, convex on inner edge, only slightly so on outer edge; trochanter, femur, and tibia covered with short, stout simple hairs; claw long and slender; finger little longer than hand, and only slightly curved; hand twice as long as broad; hand and claw covered with long, simple hairs; mandibles large, serrula attached only at base; spinnerets long and transparent.

_Legs_: The femur and tibia of the first two pairs of legs rather stout; no trochantins; covered with simple hairs.

_Habitat_: Found in oak trees in the wash around Claremont.

This differs slightly from that described by Banks in that:

1. The upper margin of the cephalothorax is not rounded, but truncate.

2. The fingers of the claw are not shorter than the hand.

3. The femur and tibia of the first two pairs of legs are not stout.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

Some Points in the Nervous System of a Large Deep Water Crab

WILLIAM A. HILTON

During the summer of 1914 several living specimens of the large crab _Loxorhynchus grandis_ Stimp. were obtained at Laguna Beach. One of these was kept for some time in a tank of sea water, and its general movements were observed as it walked about on the bottom or attacked the sharks or other fish in the aquarium. Its movements were slow and its senses seemed not very acute in this situation.

A gross and microscopical examination of the nervous system gave much the appearance of these organs in other decapods, but the remarkably small size of the brain or head ganglion was especially noticeable. The nerves connected with this ganglion were long and slender. The optic was large, the tegmental a little smaller and the first antennal about as large as this last. Closely associated with the optic was the small oculomotor, and near the connectives the small second antennal. Other small nerves were connected with the brain, whose courses were not traced, including a pair of small frontal nerves.

The connectives with the thoracic-abdominal ganglion were long and slender, with each its small ganglion a short distance from the brain. A cross connection between these connectives was not seen. It may have been broken in the dissection.

The thoracic-abdominal ganglion has many nerves connected with it, as shown in the figure; the largest of these were traced to the legs and upper thoracic appendages. The legs are large and heavy and the nerve trunks in them are large; their combined bulk would probably be many times that of the ventral ganglion.

So far as studied, the internal arrangement of tracts and cells does not differ materially from the classic descriptions of Bethe in another species. One thing especially noteworthy is the fact that the nerve cells do not seem especially large, nor are the large ones numerous.

The nerve cells and fibers were studied in preparations fixed in Flemming's fluid and stained with iron hematoxylin. As in forms previously studied, the general structure of the ganglion in a way duplicates the structure of the nerve cells, in that a general reticulum forms a framework for the other structures in both. It is hard in individual cases to distinguish the supportive structures from the conductive, but the fibers and fibrils in or outside of the nerve cells run in longer straight lines--that is, they do not form so much of a meshwork, although they may branch and intertwine to some degree both within and outside the nerve cells. Large strands or fibers from nerve cells run as fibers, then divide into smaller masses of fibrils, and at last break up into numerous fibrils. The usual demonstration of nerve cells with their branches as shown by the Golgi or methylene blue methods, I believe, shows only the _larger_ and _smaller_ branches from nerve cells, and the smallest branches where the fibers break into fibrils are not shown at all.

In this and other arthropods which I have studied, it seems to me to be quite characteristic of the nervous system that many parts show fine fibrillæ more clearly than they are seen in vertebrates. This may in part be due to the nature of the insulating and supportive apparatus. As in _Carcinus_, described by Bethe, the optic tract enters the mesal side of the globulus and splits up into smaller and smaller parts, and is at last lost in the minute network of fibrils and supporting substance. Large bundles from the outside may be seen as dark masses here and there. These last are held in place in the section by many connecting strands which join the fibers from all sides. Some may be conducting fibrils, but it is hard to distinguish these from supportive. Probably most of the conducting fibrils leave at or near the termination of the thicker part of the fiber. The denser parts of the nervous system of this and other arthropods, such, for instance, as the material of the globulus, are composed for the most part of ultimate fibrillæ whose relationships at these points can only be conjectured at present because of their minuteness, their great abundance, and because of the intermingling of supportive or other materials of several little understood sorts. An extensive comparative study of these denser masses with various reagents should yield some interesting results.

Tigroid substance, mostly in the form of dots and flakes, was recognized, but not studied by special stains. The cells are surrounded by a dense capsule of connective substance, and in some cases the peripheral zone of the cell next the capsule is light. In some, this light zone is speckled with dark dots or lines. Some of these may be the ends of fibrillæ--in fact, some fibrils were traced--others may be tigroid substance, or possibly the bodies recognized by Poluszynski in some Crustacea, although his are stained by other methods.

PAPERS MENTIONED

_Bethe, A._ 1898

Das Nervensystem von Carcinus maenas. Arch. f. Mic. Anat. Bd. 51.

_Poluszynski, G._ 1911

Untersuchungen über den Golgi-Kopsch'schen apparat und einige andere Strukturen in dem Ganglionzellen der Crustaceen. Bull. Acad. Sc. Cracovie.

Figure 1. Outline of the cephalothorax of _Loxorhynchus_, showing
the position and size of the nervous system. One-half
natural size.

Figure 2. Brain of _Loxorhynchus_ from above. ×10. o, Ocular
nerve; m, oculomotor; t, tegmental nerve; a, first antennal
nerve; b, second antennal; c, connective.

Figure 3. Nerve cell with fibrils from the brain. ×900.

Figures 4 and 5. Nerve cells near each other in the brain fibrils
are shown. ×900.

Figure 6. Neuroblast from a doso-median mass of the brain. ×900.

Figure 7. Neuroglia cell with branches from the brain. ×900.

Figure 8. Two fibres breaking into fibrils. From the brain. ×900.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._)

A New Pseudoscorpion from California

NATHAN BANKS

Professor Hilton recently sent me a pseudoscorpion taken on the beach near water, which proves to belong to the genus _Atemnus_. Our common Florida _Atemnus_ also occurs on the sea beach. The Californian species differs from the Florida form in having a larger hand and more hairy body.

_Atemnus hirsutus_ n. sp.

Pale yellowish; cephalothorax a little longer than broad behind, narrowed in front, sides slightly sinuate, clothed with short, simple bristles; mandibles not one-third the length of the cephalothorax, with a short stylet; abdomen elongate, cylindrical, the segments with apical and preapical rows of simple bristles; legs rather large, with many simple bristles, all showing trochantins. Pedipalpi large, clothed with many fine simple hairs and bristles; the trochanters bituberculate behind near tip; the femur about as long as the width of the cephalothorax, of nearly equal width throughout; the tibia about as long as femur, a little broader beyond the middle, about equally convex on each side; hand extremely broad at base, barely shorter than the tibia; fingers as long as the hand, much curved, each with some tooth-like granules and a fine toothed ridge on the apposed sides.

From Laguna Beach, California, ten feet from the ocean. (Hilton.)

A Nebalia from Laguna Beach

R. LA FOLLETTE

Among the many marine forms collected and studied at Laguna Beach this summer were several Nebalia, which were taken by Mr. Lichti from a holdfast cast up on the beach. A specimen was sent to the National Museum at Washington, where it was classified as _Nebalia bipes_ O. Fab. A brief description of the animal will be given in this paper.

_Nebalia bipes_ O. Fab. (Plate I, Fig. 1) belongs to the order Phyllocarida, which is the linking order between the Branchiopoda and Copepoda on one hand and the Schizopoda and Decapoda on the other. There are only three genera, and the commonest of these is _Nebalia_. So far as I know this form has never before been reported from this region. The specimen here described was 9 mm. in length and a whitish flesh color. It was transparent in the living animal. The body is divided into a head, thorax and abdomen, having the normal malacostracan number of segments, except the abdomen, which is made up of eight, the last bearing caudal styles. There is a bivalved cephalic carapace extending back to the fourth abdominal segment and terminating in front in a movable rostrum. The eyes are large, round and raised on movable stalks.

There are two pairs of antennæ (Plate II, Fig. 2), the first pair being four-jointed, the last joint rather broad and armed with many hairs along the outer margin. The other joints have a few hairs on the articulating margin. The flagellum rises from the fourth joint, behind the fifth and has fourteen joints, each one armed with several hairs on the outer margin of the articulation. The second antennæ are slightly larger than the first and made up of three joints with a brush of plume hairs at the caudal end of the second joint. The flagellum is fourteen jointed. The mandible has a two-jointed palp (Fig. 3), with numerous hairs along the outer margin. The second maxilla also has a palp extending back under the carapace with the function of keeping the carapace free from foreign bodies.

The thoracic feet (Fig. 3) are about 1.5 mm. in length, eight in number and biramous. The outer margins are heavily covered with hair, while the inner margins are comparatively smooth. The first four abdominal appendages (Figs. 5, 6) are much larger than the thoracic feet, being 2.5 mm. in length, and are used for swimming, like those of the copepods. They are also biramous, the back margin and tip having numerous hairs along the edge, while the inner margins are lined with many plumous hairs. The first appendage (Fig. 5) is somewhat heavier than the fourth (Fig 6), but the hairs and spines are arranged in the same relative position. The fifth appendage (Fig. 7) is two-jointed uniramous and small, .9 mm. long. The sixth is one jointed and smaller yet.

The eight abdominal segments taper off in size and the last bears a pair of caudal styles (Fig. 8) which are lined with sharp spines along their outer margins. The ends of the styles are armed with two long, sharp spines.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I

Magnification 25 Times

Figure 1. _Nebalia bipes_.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II

Magnification 25 Times

Figure 2. Antennæ.
Figure 3. Mandibular palp.
Figure 4. Thoracic appendage.
Figure 5. First abdominal appendage.
Figure 6. Fourth abdominal appendage.
Figure 7. Fifth abdominal appendage.
Figure 8. Caudal styles.

Starfish of Laguna Beach

The following is a fairly complete list of shore forms of starfish at Laguna. All but the last one mentioned were photographed by Miss Clency at Laguna Beach.

_Linckia columbiæ_ Gray. Fig. 1

A large number of these were collected under stones and in tide pools near shore. A number were found with six arms, and often the arms were very irregularly developed. The power of regeneration is very marked, as may be determined from the appearance of even a small number of individuals.

_Orthasterias gonolena_ Verrill. Fig. 2

This is the "soft starfish." Clark has called it _Asterias forreri_. Fisher (in first Laguna report) called it _A. sertulifera_. Verrill considers it different from either of these last two. We must thank Dr. Clark for this information, as well as for the identification of the remaining species of starfish.

This form is fairly common in the tide pools and under stones not far from shore.

_Pisaster capitatus_ Stimpson. Fig. 3

This is our most beautiful species, but is not as common as the next species with which it is often found. On the points and especially among the mussel beds this species may be found. Its colors during life are beautiful with their delicate shades.

_Pisaster ochraceus_ Brandt. Fig. 4

This is our most common species on the rocky points and among the barnacles and mussels, where they may be found by the dozen. The color variations are quite marked, some being a light red brown, others a darker shade. Some specimens of large size were obtained.

_Astropecten erinaceus_ Gray. Fig. 5

This beautiful starfish, with its pearl gray shades, is a deeper water form than the others. A few were found in the living condition cast up on the shore, and some were obtained from the fishermen, but they were not often found.

_Asterina miniata_ Brandt. Fig. 6

These broad armed starfish were found quite often in the tide pools near shore; usually of a deep orange color, they were sometimes much lighter than this.

W. A. H.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

Barnacles of Laguna Beach

MISS S. P. HUGHES

PACIFIC UNIVERSITY, FOREST GROVE, OREGON

Five species of barnacles were found last summer at Laguna Beach. For the identification of the first two of these, we must thank Dr. H. A. Pilsbry of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

_Balanus tintinnabulum californicus_ Pils. Fig. 1

The most common of the acorn barnacles; found abundantly on rocks, mussels, etc. There are six valves or plates; the rostrum, carina, and two latera on each side. These plates are delicately marked with pink stripes. The connecting pieces are often transversely lined. This is the largest of the common acorn barnacles; the average height is about an inch.

_Balanus nubilus_ Darwin. Fig. 2

This is one of the small acorn barnacles, also very numerous on the rocks at tide level. Here the plates, usually six in number, although in some the lateral plates are divided, are closely joined to each other without connecting pieces.

_Mitella polymerus_ Sowerby. Fig. 3

This is a very abundant species, and is found in great masses on the rocks near the tide level. It is readily known by the numerous irregularly arranged scales at the base of the capitulum. The valves are usually much worn, and many cases of regeneration have been noted. The peduncle is covered with fine scales.

_Lepas anatifera_ Linnæus. Fig. 4

This is a fairly abundant goose barnacle, found in holdfasts of kelp and occasionally on driftwood and floating objects. The size varies from a few millimeters to almost an inch in length. The distinguishing characters are the very fine striations on the valves, the presence of an umbonal tooth on the right scutum, and the proximity of the base of the carina to the scutum. The valves are a delicate pale blue color and the peduncle a deep purplish brown.

_Lepas fasciculatus_ Elis and Solander. Fig. 5

Two specimens were found by Mr. Lichti upon the beach at Green Bay, Laguna Beach, in September of this year. Others have been collected from the Laguna region.

It is a light pelagic form, with paper-like plates and angularly bent carina, with a prominent umbo.

Notes on the Eggs of Some Laguna Beach Invertebrates

P. A. LICHTI

During the past summer a large number of species and individuals were examined for eggs. Some of these fragmentary notes may be of use to others who may carry the study further.

The serpent stars were not especially studied for the eggs, but during July several hundred were collected from various places. These were mostly of one species. About one-third of these contained well developed ova. On July 14th and 20th, six individuals of the genus _Ophiothrix_ deposited eggs in the aquarium jars. During August three out of twenty specimens had ova well developed, many may have been young.

Comparatively few female sea urchins were found. Out of 50 individuals opened, 36 were males, six females, and the rest young. Miss Wang also found that the males were more numerous than the females as they were collected, four to one. Miss Wang was able to keep the sperm alive for 96 hours in the laboratory before we had running salt water.

In the common shore goose-neck barnacle _Mitella_, ova and segmentation stages were found during the summer.

The common rock crab, _Pachygrapsus_, was examined many times during July and very few adult females were without eggs. During the same day mature ova and advanced embryos were found. August 10th, about half the females were without eggs. On September 4th, about two-thirds were without eggs. The early summer seems the more active spawning season.

A live female deeper sea crab, _Loporhynchus_, was caught on June 25th. The enormous mass of eggs was unsegmented and failed to segment in the laboratory, although the animal was kept alive for some time. On July 20th, another female was caught, the embryos were well advanced and it was possible to see the heart beat under the microscope. They lived only a few hours.

The sand crabs of the genus _Eremita_ were found laying their eggs all summer. Some hundreds were examined, and it was found that up to September egg masses were nearly always found with the females. In the whole season, out of 236 examined, only 11 in September were without eggs. It was found that while the eggs on the swimmeretts were developing into crabs another egg mass was being formed in the ovaries, this last reached maturity about the same time that the young crabs on the swimmeretts hatch.

A species of _Cypris_ was found in a pool about 1½ miles up Laguna canyon. These had many eggs on July 1; by July 17 no eggs were found.

A number of species of isopods and amphipods were found to have eggs during the summer, and during September it was very easy to obtain _Ligyda_ with eggs or young, although the proportion of young stages was becoming less.

Members of the genus _Caprella_ were found with eggs at different times during the summer and up into the fall.

Of the pycnogonids, the following genera were found with eggs during the summer: _Lecythorhynchus_, _Ammothella_ of two species; _Halosoma_, _Pycnogonium_, _Palene_, _Tanystylum_ of two species.

A number of chitons were examined, but with negative results. Probably many were young.

Some of the bivalved forms were examined, but the character of the period of reproduction is not yet determined.

The sea hare, _Aplysia_, laid its eggs in the aquarium jars during the middle and late summer.

Many of the species of nudibranchs collected during the summer were found to deposit eggs in the laboratory. One species, a light brown form, was found abundantly in kelp holdfasts. They laid coiled ribbon-like masses of eggs.

Eight different individuals of the genus _Doris_ deposited eggs in the laboratory.

On July 28, two of the genus _Hermissenda_ and one _Spurilla_ (?) deposited eggs.

_Laila_ and several unknown forms deposited eggs in the laboratory during the first part of September.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

Preliminary Notes on Some Marine Worms Taken at Laguna Beach

W. F. HAMILTON

During the summer of 1914 I made a collection of some 230 bottles of annelids. It was thought best that I should publish a list of the families and of such species as I have succeeded in identifying.

Polychaeta

Syllidæ

Are quite abundant among the finer sea mosses.

_Pionosyllis elongata_ Johnson.

Found among goose-neck barnacles west of the Laboratory and in
seaweed tangles. White with bright red eggs coloring posterior end.
Taken June 26, 1914.

Two other forms are common in the finer sea moss.

Polynoidæ

Are of frequent occurrence on rocks and in seaweed tangles. I have
identified four species.

_Halosydna insignis_ Baird.

The most common and variable polynoid at Laguna. Color of elytra
yellowish gray to bright red. Length from 18 to as much as 47 mm.
(contracted).

_Halosydna californica_ Johnson.

Less abundant. Similar in distribution. More slender and of a lighter
pigmentation.

_Lepidasthenia gigas_ Johnson.

This interesting form was taken from a large mass of the tubes of
_Vermetus_ (_squamigerus?_) (gasteropod). Heretofore, as far as I
know, it has only been recorded as a tube commensal with a large
_Amphitrite_. My specimen was not commensal, but was hidden among
the mollusc tubes. The color was recorded as a "light, unsaturated
yellow, elytra darker yellow, body irridescent below." The setæ
project only their tips beyond the parapodia, differing only in this
respect from Johnson's figures. I could not find any asymmetrical
somites, judging from the elytrophores. The elytra were all gone and
the specimen was poorly preserved.

_Harmothoe hirsuta_ Johnson.

A single specimen 25 mm. long, badly mutilated and in a poor state
of preservation was taken in seaweed between tide-marks. Two other
species were taken from a similar location, but I have not identified
them yet.

Phyllodocidæ

Three unidentified kinds inhabiting seaweed tangles and holdfasts are
in the collection.

Euphrosynidæ

_Euphrosyne aurantiaca_ Johnson.

Nereidæ

Are common in the atokous state, and one "heteronereid" was brought
in from an unknown location.

_Nereis agassizi_ Ehlers.

Specimens which agree closely with figures by Johnson are found very
abundantly in seaweed tangles.

_Nereis virens_ Sars.

A single specimen was taken in wave-washed sand three miles south of
the Laboratory.

There is another species, resembling _Nereis procera_ which I have
not yet identified.

Two specimens of this beautifully brilliant orange annelid were taken
on holdfasts.

Eunicidæ

I found few of these, but such as I did find were in burrows in a
soft shale ledge or in sand under large stones.

Lumbriconereidæ

_Lumbriconereis erecta_ (?) Moore.

I am not sure of this determination. The setæ are identical, but the
parapodia are not quite the same as those figured by Moore. The worm
is very abundant in the sand under large stones. One or two similar
species are common in seaweed and under mussels.

Glyceridæ

Two species of this family were found in the sand under large stones.

_Hemipodia borealis_ Johnson.

Found under a large rock, buried in the sand. One very large and
active glycerid was found in the same locality. I have not identified
it.

Cirratulidæ

Found in the roots of eel-grass, in holes in a soft shale ledge or in
the sand under large stones.

_Cirratulus robustus_ Johnson.

_Cirratulus spirabranchus_ Moore.

Found in abundance in the above places.

Terrebellidæ

Found with the _Cirratulidæ_.

_Schmardanella californica_ Moore.

Is very abundant in the matted roots of "eel-grass."

Two other forms are quite abundant wherever _Cirratulus_ is found.

Maldanidæ

Found on holdfasts.

_Clymenella rubrocincta_ Johnson.

Fairly common.

Chlorhæmidæ

I have a half dozen of these from holdfasts.

Sabellidæ

Small sabellids are common in holdfasts and seaweed masses.

Serpulidæ

The calcareous tubes of these animals are seen everywhere below half
tide, on rocks, in holdfasts and on kelp (spirobis). I have six
different serpulids.

Hermellidæ

There are probably two species of this family common at Laguna.

_Sabellaria californica_ Fewkes.

This form was found in large colonies in the protected crevasses of
cliffs west of the laboratory. The colonies are some twenty feet
long, two feet wide and ten inches thick. The tubes are of loosely
agglutinated sand and are crowded very closely together with their
mouths evenly disposed over the surface of the colony.

Another species lives singly in very hard, thick sand tubes. Some
specimens have algæ growing on their opercula.

Turbellaria

I have three kinds of these "flat worms" in my collection. They are found under partly submerged stones.

Nemertinea

There are seven different nemertines in the collection. They are recorded from holdfasts, seaweed tangles and from among vermetus tubes.

Nematoda

There are two or three different marine nematodes in the collection. They are most common in the finer moss.

Sipunculoidea

There are two kinds of sipunculids, which seem quite distinct. Taken from eel-grass roots, from under rocks and mussels.

The specimens were identified from the following papers:

_Fewkes, J. W._ 1899

New Invertebrata from the Coast of California. Bull. Essex inst. xxi,
99-146, pls. 1-7 (2) figs. in text.

_Johnson, H. P._ 1897

A Preliminary Account of the Marine Annelids of the Pacific Coast,
with Descriptions of New Species. Proc. Cal. ac. sc. (3), i, 153-198,
pls. 5-10.

-------- 1901

The Polychætæ of the Puget Sound Region. Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist.,
xxix, 381-437, pls. 1-19.

_Moore, J. P._ 1904

New Polychætæ from California. Proc. acad. nat. sci., Philadelphia,
56-484-503, pls. 37-38.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._)

Studies in the Comparative Size of the Red Blood Corpuscles of Birds

CHI TSAU WANG

The blood corpuscles of a large number of vertebrates were studied at Laguna Beach during the past summer. Some of the sizes of cell and nucleus are given below. The blood was obtained as fresh as possible; in no case was the blood obtained longer than twenty-four hours after death. The corpuscles were measured by the ocular micrometer and checked by the aid of a camera lucida.

Average Size of Average Size of
Corpuscle Microns Nucleus Microns
Common Name
Scientific Name Length Breadth Length Breadth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Gull
Larus occidentalis 14.70 8.82 6.53 3.27
Heermann Gull
Larus heermanni 14.05 7.84 6.21 2.77
Great Blue Heron
Ardea herodias 13.72 8.82 6.53 3.27
Red-breasted Merganser
Mergus serrator 13.07 7.51 6.86 2.77
Arkansas Kingbird
Tyrannus verticalis 12.77 9.47 5.55 3.10
California Road Runner
Geococcyx californianus 12.09 9.15 5.27 3.27
Long-billed Dowitcher
Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus 12.41 8.49 5.24 2.46
Least Tern
Sterna antillarum 11.76 8.46 6.21 2.94
Semipalmated Plover
Ægialitis semipalmata 11.43 6.21 5.24 2.77
Arizona Hooded Oriole
Icterus cucullatus nelsoni 11.27 8.49 4.41 2.94
San Diego Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia cooperi 10.94 8.33 5.27 2.53
Least Vireo
Vireo pusillus pusillus 10.45 9.47 5.55 2.77
California Woodpecker
Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi 10.45 6.53 5.24 2.77
Belding Marsh Sparrow
Passerculus beldingi 10.08 6.86 4.90 2.77
Willow Gold Finch
Astragalinus tristis salicamans 9.80 6.79 6.04 2.94
California Horned Lark
Otocoris alpestris actia 9.47 6.21 4.25 2.12
Western Lark Sparrow
Chondestes grammacus strigatus 8.49 5.55 5.24 3.10

_(Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College)_

Caprellidæ from Laguna Beach

R. LA FOLLETTE

This paper is a preliminary article on the Caprellidæ of Laguna Beach, and deals with species that have so far been identified. Because of great variation, due to age, it is very difficult to place the different forms.

_Caprella geometrica_ Say

Mayer places _C. geometrica_ as one of eighteen or twenty varieties of the species _acutifrons_, but I have thought it best to follow some of the other writers and use _geometrica_ as the species name, as my specimen closely resembles the species which seems to be _C. geometrica_ in several accounts.

The specimen here described is an adult male. The peræon (Plate I, Fig. 1) is robust and covered with many blunt tubercles. In this respect it varies from the specimens described by others who say the peræon is smooth. The young are comparatively smooth and develop tubercles on the caudal segments first. Cephalon furnished with a sharp anteriorly directed dorsal tooth. First segment shorter than the second, which is triangular in shape; third and fourth broad and a little shorter than the second; fifth, sixth and seventh each growing smaller respectively and truncate at the tip. Antennæ, stout; superior pair not half as long as the body, first joint short and twice as thick as the second but only half as long, third joint shorter than first; flagellum as long as the peduncle and composed of 15 or 16 joints, inferior pair extending to about the middle of the flagellum of the superior, joints long and narrow.

First gnathopod (Fig. 2), attached far forward, convex in shape and tapering slightly toward the finger, which was long as the palm and narrow; palm armed with tooth-like spine at the base and many hairs. Second gnathopod (Fig. 3), attached just posterior to the middle of the second pereiod, basal joint short and thick, not half as long as the palm; inner margin of the hand concave, armed with a tooth on the dorsal lobe and a broad, truncate tooth near the base of the finger, as well as numerous hairs; finger sharply concave on the inner margin for about half its length. Branchia nearly round. Third, fourth and fifth peræopods (Fig. 4) similar in structure, short, stout, and armed with stiff hairs; hand nearly as long as rest of the extremity; palm broad and armed with numerous hairs, inner margin slightly concave, with two serrate teeth at the base.

Length of specimen, 13 mm.

Color varying from a bright red to white.

Several specimens taken at Laguna Beach the latter part of July, from the Rhodophyceæ on the rocks.

The young of this species were very abundant at Laguna Beach, and I will give a short description of one because of the great variation from the adult. Plate II shows a young male with the antennæ inverted showing the setæ on the ventral side. The first five segments are of nearly equal length; peræon smooth; superior antennæ nearly half as long as the body, with inferior nearly as long as superior; flagellum with six to nine joints. Maxillipeds (Plate III, Fig. 5) with inner plate reaching apex of first joint of palp, armed with two teeth and spines; outer plate reaching apex of second joint of palp and armed with three small teeth. Upper lip (Fig. 6) bilobed, finely ciliated. First maxillæ (Fig. 7) two-jointed, palp and second joint armed with spines. Second maxillæ (Fig. 8) armed with a few hairs on the tip. Mandible (Fig. 9) has cutting plate made of five strong, unequal teeth; teeth of secondary plate nearly equal. First gnathopod attached far forward, triangular in shape and fringed with hairs. Second gnathopod (Fig. 11) attached the same as in adult, palm convex on inner margin, instead of concave as in adult, and armed with two small teeth near inner margin at the base; finger is concave and uniform in outline.

_Caprella septentrionalis_ Kroyer

The specimen here described differs slightly from those described by Mayer, Holmes, Sars and others, yet I do not think the differences great enough to demand the naming of a new species.

The peræon (Plate IV, Fig. 12) is comparatively smooth, first two segments long, as long as the rest of the body; cephalon angularly produced in front into a very short, blunt spine. Figure 13 shows a specimen with a body somewhat broader. The superior antennæ are about half as long as the body, first joint broader than second, but shorter; second joint longest of all; third longer than first, and narrower than second; flagellum shorter than the peduncle and made up of about twelve joints. Inferior antennæ slightly shorter than the peduncle of the superior. Mandible (Fig. 14) cutting edge denticulate, with five irregular teeth, spine row having three large, feathery spines; molar tubercle strong and prominent. First gnathopod attached far forward, against the maxillipeds; hand triangular, fringed with hairs on the inner margin and one spine tooth near the base. Second gnathopod (Figs. 15, 16) attached near the posterior extremity of the second pereiod, basal joint nearly as long as the hand, inner margin of hand lying in a straight line and armed with two teeth near the base of the palm, one on the lobe and the other to one side. Another long tooth is near the base of the finger and is separated from a large, broad tooth by a deep suture; inner margin of the finger irregular. Third, fourth and fifth peræopods are similar in structure and not as stout as those of _C. geometrica_; hands powerful and armed with three clumps of spines on small prominences; differing in this respect from those described by Mayer, Sars and others in that they lack the pair of serrated spines at the base of the palm. Finger stout and half as long as the palm.