Chapter II: Part 2

Body with an anterior region of fifteen setigerous somites separated from a larger posterior region by a specialized somite, the sixteenth. Prostomium with a lateral process or horn on each side in front, notched in front at middle. Eyes none in genotype. Dorsal cirri present in addition to branchiæ on the first four setigerous somites. Notopodia with simple capillary setæ throughout. Anterior neuropodia with capillary setæ, but others also with crochets. Anal. cirri two.

_Genotype_--_M. duplex_ sp. nov.

_Morants duplex_ sp. nov.

Palpal processes lost from type. Proboscis as protruded short, distally expanded over proximal region. Parapodia dorsolateral in position, the anterior ones very thick. Principal postsetal lobe rising above into a branchial process which is short anteriorly but in posterior region is much longer, slender and subulate. Mesad of the branchial process of each parapodium of the first four pairs is a cirrus or cirriform process. The inferior setæ of the most anterior parapodia' much shorter than the dorsals, strongly curved. In the first notopodial fascia a much stouter, aciculiform, setæ which is uncate. Crochets with strongly narrowed neck; with two curved teeth at distal end above the beak which is decurved; in posterior region few in number, commonly four in a series. Anal cirri slender, filiform, much longer than the preceding branchiæ; one in the type has a short spur near its base. Total number of segments about one hundred and sixteen.

Length, 21.5 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 165.

Balboa.

The tubes adhere closely to the body. Their walls of fine sand.

AMPHARETIDÆ

_Schistocomus_ gen. nov.

Like Phyllocomus in lacking tentacles and postbranchial spines, in bearing fifteen pairs of fasciæ of capillary setæ and four pairs of branchiæ. It differs from that genus in having the branchiæ of two types, one pair being of the ordinary, smooth, simple, subulate form and the other three with the edges divided, two pinnately, bearing two close series of lamellar branches, and one with an essentially single series of branches in the genotype.

_Genotype_--_S. hiltoni_ sp. nov.

_Schistocomus hiltoni_ sp. nov.

The body has the ordinary general form, being widest near the fifth setigerous segment from where it narrows continuously to the slender, pointed cauda. Dorsum convex, venter less so, the latter with a double median longitudinal furrow in the posterior region. Prostomium projecting forward as a simple hood with rounded anterior corners and the median region of anterior edge nearly straight; dorsal surface in type longitudinally wrinkled. Ventrally the peristomium projects forward between the sides of the prostomium in a conspicuous lobe or lower lip which narrows somewhat distad and has the distal margin convex; surface longitudinally wrinkled. Second somite achaetous. The third bearing the first fasciæ of simple setæ, the sixth the first uncini. Of the pinnate branchia one pair occur on the third setigerous somite and one on the second while the branchiæ with single series of branches in which the branches are less lamellate, are on the second (first presetal) somite, the simple branchiæ arising on the first setigerous somite. The first branchiæ are attached near the middle of the dorsum, the others laterad close above the parapodia. The first and especially the second or simple branchiæ extending forward beyond the anterior edge of the prostomium. Color light fulvous or in part greyish. Number of segments near fifty-five.

Length, 22 mm.; greatest width, 3 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 166.

Taken at Laguna Beach, Sept. 15, 1917.

The tube in which the type was found is 35 mm. long. The wall is thickened by the adhesion of fine particles of sand, fragments of shell, etc.

TEREBELLIDÆ

_Leaena videns_ sp. nov.

The prostomium extends as a convex hood or inverted scoop above the mouth; along its posterior border is a series of long, crowded, tentacles. The prostomial fold behind the tentacles is crossed by a transverse band of distinct eyes, the band narrow above and widening on each side. Mouth a crescentic slit with corners curved caudad; bordered behind by a thick lip the anterior median edge of which is truncate. No dorsal cirriform process on III or any other segment, all being wholly smooth. A characteristic of the species is the large number of setigerous segments, at least thirty-one being present (IV-XXXIII) in the type, and possibly more. The setæ differs from those of _nuda_ in their longer fine tips and more geniculate appearance at base of this region. The uncini are characterized by an exceptionally long beak which, beyond its strongly curved base is straight; the sinus narrow, the process arising near its middle, low obtuse; vertex not comparatively high, crossed by mostly four series of denticles; body of uncinus rather narrow, the shoulder on convex side much farther toward the end than, e.g., in _nuda_ and well below level of bottom of sinus. The type is incomplete, only near thirty-eight segments being present. The color is noted as pinkish in life. At present it is fulvous in the type.

Length of incomplete specimen not in excess of 12 mm.; greatest width, .8 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 167.

_Pista fratrella_ sp. nov.

This form seems to be close to _P. alata_ Moore. The type, which is much smaller than that of _alata_, differs in various details from the description of the latter. The principal lateral wings are confined to the third segment and are united across the dorsum of third somite instead of involving the anterior border of IV and crossing the latter above; connecting dorsal fold low and lacking any forwardly directed process; the wing rises as a high, rounded lobe on each side just below level of setigerous tubercles, rising high above the middorsal surface. In addition to the prominent wings on III there is on IV on each side a much lower ridge or wing paralleling that on III, this not more prominent above. Unlike those of _alata_, somites II and III are not confounded laterally but are distinct throughout. Prostomium short. Tentacles mostly lost in type; rather slender, not long, apparently in but a single transverse series. Peristomium deeply excavated at middle below, the bottom of the excavation rounded and the peristomium produced on each side of this into the usual large lobes. The branchiæ, as in the genotype and other species, strongly asymmetrically developed. The right anterior branchia is much the largest, the trunk very long, with the left anterior much smaller. Of the posterior pair, the right, unlike that of _alata_, is also much larger than the left one. In the type the sternal plates are not sharply differentiated. The manubriate uncini of V have the general form of those in _alata_, but the bulge below the beak is much larger and more rounded with the subrostral tooth more obtuse and nearer the middle of the oblique edge; beak less divergent from manubrium; vertex with three transverse series of denticles. The color in the abdominal region light fulvous, in the thoracic darker with a narrow brownish stripe along caudal border of each segment laterally and ventrally. Type not quite complete caudally, retaining eighty somites.

Length, 36 mm.; greatest width, 2.8 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 168.

The wall of the tube is composed of sand and shell fragments.

_Naneva_ gen. nov.

Prostomium short; with numerous tentacular filaments. Uncini avicular and of same form throughout. Setæ beginning on third somite; tips simple. Uncini beginning on the fourth somite. No lateral foliaceous lobes on the anterior segments. Branchiæ two pairs; branched; attached on somites II and III.

_Genotype_--_N. hespera_ sp. nov.

Differs from Thelepus and Athelepus in having the branchiæ branched instead of simple and in having the uncini begin on IV.

_Naneva hespera_ sp. nov.

The prostomium forms a prominent upper lip of which the anterior border is turned upward all along, leaving a deep concavity between it and the upcurving posterior fold along which the tentacles are attached. Because of their curled and tangled condition the precise number of tentacles was not ascertained, but is about twelve on each side; they are long, some when fully extended being 15 mm. in length. No eyes were detected in the type. Peristomium forming a lower lip of but moderate length with straight anterior edge; scarcely twice as long as the second somite below. First branchia on each side attached to second somite just in front and mesad of the first setigerous tubercle. The second branchia attached just caudad of the first on the caudal region of somite III. Both branchiæ very similar, each presenting three principal branches of which the most mesal is largest; ultimate branches numerous, rather short. Capillary setæ beginning on III and continuing to XXVII. The anterior setigerous processes are in the form of vertical plates with straight truncate, distal edge; but in going caudad these become reduced finally to slight tubercles, with the first about equal to half the intervening space and by the seventh equal to this space, while in the abdominal region the opposite series are separated merely by the median furrow. Anterior ventral plates strongly longitudinally furrowed. Capillary setæ narrowly bilimbate, drawn out into a very fine simple tip. Uncini, at least for the most part, in two series both in thoracic and in abdominal region; apparently with mostly three transverse rows of denticles at vertex; beak long, the sinus with parallel sides, opposite side of body evenly curved, not distinctly shouldered. Total number of segments in the type, which is complete, about one hundred and thirty, of which II to XXVII are setigerous. Body rapidly narrowed to the eighteenth segment, but only very gradually thereafter.

Length, near 45 mm.; greatest width, 1.8 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 169.

Balboa.

SABELLIDÆ

_Myxicola monacis_ sp. nov.

In size and general appearance resembling _M. pacifica_ Johnson, with the type of which it has been compared. From that form the present one may readily be distinguished in having the ventral median process from the first segment drawn out into a slender entire tip instead of being broad and presenting distally two angles or lobes; the process is furrowed longitudinally and the edges are somewhat turned down. Branchiæ twenty-two pairs. Readily distinguished by the form of the abdominal uncini. These have the general form of those of _pacifica_ but as a whole are longer with the body proportionately more slender and its abvertigial end more rounded; the beak is longer and less divergent, distally curving a little back toward the body; the sides of the sinus parallel. The body in the type is somewhat fusiform, being narrowed both ways from the middle but more strongly so caudad. In a paratype the body is scarcely narrowed cephalad. Body somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, less terete than in pacifica. Total number of segments near seventy.

Length of type, exclusive of branchiæ, 40 mm.; greatest width, 6.2 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 170.

Taken from holdfasts of seaweeds.

_Potamilla clara_ sp. nov.

The body in general light brown; but ventrally there is a median longitudinal fulvous stripe over the ventral plates. The branchiæ are crossed by a series of dark bands or annuli which fade out proximally, about three distad of the middle of length being deep and distinct. There are nineteen pairs of branchial radioles; barbs numerous, densely arranged to near tip, the naked distal region of axis very short, pale excepting where partially or completely involved by the transverse dark bands. Ventral lobes of collar moderate, rounded, edges a little rolled down; dorsal ends separated; no lateral incisions, being but two-lobed; not produced forward below, lobes rounded and separated. Thoracic segments eight. Ventral plates all rectangular, those of the abdomen divided by the midventral sulcus. Total number of segments, sixty.

Length without branchiæ, 21 mm.; length with branchiæ, 28 mm.; greatest width, 3 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 171.

Taken on beach at low tide.

_Potamilla omissa_ sp. nov.

The general color is dusky or pale brownish with the anterior ventral plates lighter and the branchiæ rather weakly transversely banded with dark. Radioles of branchiæ in a simple series; seventeen pairs. Collar well developed, produced forward below in two pointed lobes overlapping at the middle. Eight setigerous thoracic somites. Most dorsal thoracic setæ in each fascicle long and finely pointed with wings narrow; the ventral setæ much more numerous, shorter, spatulate, with fine tip. The uncini have the posterior process very short, rounded at the end, much shorter and more slender than the neck, which is rather strongly curved; vertex high and narrowly rounded; beak not strongly depressed. Type incomplete, only seven of the abdominal segments being present.

Length of first sixteen segments, 15 mm.; including branchiæ, 21 mm.; width, 2.5 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 172.

_Potamilla colorata_ sp. nov.

The type is notably marked with black pigment; the collar membrane crossed with a close series of longitudinal dark stripes, one in line with each radiole and narrowing caudad; the branchiæ crossed transversely with dark bands. Thoracic somites, more notably the anterior ones, with a dusky to black band in front of each uncinigerous torus and a dark spot on the dorsum mesad of the setigerous papilla. The collar with a dark area ventrad and also dorsad of the fascicle. Ground color greyish of light brown cast, lacking the yellow dominating in omissa. Sixteen (or seventeen) pairs of radioles in the branchiæ. Ventral lobes of collar pointed, widely overlapping in the median line, dorsal ends free, projecting toward each other in dorsal groove. Setigerous thoracic somites eight in number. Inferior setæ numerous, spatulate, usually in two series. Total number of segments present about fifty-one, a few of the most caudal being lost.

Length, 25 mm.; with branchiæ, 30 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 173.

_Pseudopotamilla paurops_ sp. nov.

A rather slender species with branchiæ of moderate length. Excepting the eyes with no pigmented markings. Radioles fifteen pairs. Eyes few, not present on all radioles; where present usually but a single one on each radiole, in one case two; the eyes deep purple, variable in side from moderate to small; situated at varying distance between base and middle of length of radioles. Free dorsal edge of branchial membrane with two short obtuse lobes overlapping in the middle line. The dorsal notch in the collar lobe on each side is mesad of the line of setigerous tubercles, wide open, rectangular or slightly obtuse; lobe mesad of notch small, anteriorly rounded, the mesal edge extending into the dorsal furrow; median ventral lobes separated by a narrow incision, short, the ectal edge passing out in an even concave curve to the anterior lateral margin. A characteristic feature of the species is the presence of ten setigerous thoracic somites. Dorsal setæ of the usual two types of which the upper are much fewer spatulate setæ in two series with distal expansion broad and wings asymmetrical, tip short. Total number of segments, seventy-eight.

Length without branchiæ, 31 mm.; with branchiæ, 36 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 174.

Tube tough, corneus.

_Pseudopotamilla parva_ sp. nov.

The type of this species is a small individual which, as preserved, appears of a uniform dusky color throughout. Branchial radioles fourteen or fifteen pairs; in a single series, the membrane not being coiled. No eye spots. Collar with ventral lobes proportionately long and acute, the dorsal lobes small and approximate. Notopodial setæ of usual two types; few. Uncini with beak divergent, nearly horizontal, the "neck" short and the edge of body below bulging much as in _Paralaonome japonica_. Body furrowed along each side just above notopodia excepting anteriorly. Ventral plates sharply limited, elevated; all of abdominal plates bisected by the median longitudinal sulcus excepting the first one, which is entire. Total number of somites, fifty-six, of which eight are thoracic.

Length without branchiæ, 12 mm.; with branchiæ, near 15 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 175.

Taken among tufted algæ, June 25, 1911 (C. F. Baker).

_Pseudopotamilla lampra_ sp. nov.

In this form the collar membrane is crossed by a series of longitudinal dark stripes, one in line with each radiole, as in _Potamilla colorata_, these narrowing caudad. Branchiæ sometimes mostly dark with light transverse bands. Anterior thoracic segments darkly pigmented both above and below, and also along both sides of tori, and most setigerous papillæ and tori of succeeding regions of body also surrounded in some degree with a pigmented area. Branchial membrane with free dorsal edges produced into two lobes on each side, the two of each pair overlapping, the posterior lobe rounded, the anterior angular with its caudal margin transverse and the other long and oblique. Radioles nineteen pairs, several of these at dorsomesal end of series much reduced. Eyes conspicuous but few, only one, or occasionally two, on a radiole and some radioles wholly lacking them. This species has only seven setigerous thoracic somites. Total number of segments, near ninety-four.

Length, about 28 mm.; with branchiæ, 33 mm.

A note states that this form is pinkish in life. A paratype was taken "in a large white sponge."

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 176.

_Pseudopotamilla macrops_ sp. nov.

While the type of this species includes only the anterior end of the body, its characters seem sufficiently marked for subsequent identification. As in _lampra_, the anterior segments are darkened with purplish brown pigment, especially adjacent to the setigerous papillæ and about the tori, the ventral plates, however, remaining pale. Branchial membrane also pigmented caudally, and the branchiæ transversely banded. Only two eyes on each side are present in the type, a single one each on the second and third radiole from the dorsal end of the series. These eyes are exceptionally large and prominent, much larger than in any of the other species here recorded, embracing practically the entire width of the stalk. The free dorsal edges of the branchial membrane nearly straight, each with only a very slight angulation near its anterior end, not being truly lobate. Nine pairs of radioles. Minor dorsal lobes of collar prominent, produced well forward, curving a little mesad distally, the mesal edge reflected down the dorsal groove as usual.

Width, .75 mm. Length of branchiæ, 2.5 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 177.

_Pseudopotamilla scotia_ sp. nov.

Differing from the other species here described in having nine setigerous thoracic somites. Anterior somites of thorax darkened above, down the sides on both sides of the tori and also more or less ventrally with purplish brown pigment. Processes or lobes on free edge of branchial membrane above almost of same form as in _P. lampra_ and similarly overlapping. Nineteen pairs of branchial radioles. No eyes. Ventral lobes of collar prolonged, subacute, not overlapping. In the dorsal fasciæ of the ordinary thoracic somites the dorsal setæ are arranged mostly in more or less single, curved, longitudinal series, the clavate ventrals being arranged in two vertical series at right angles to the line of the dorsals. Pennoned setæ of the uncinigerous tori very prominent. Only a few of the most anterior abdominal segments present in type.

Greatest width, 2 mm. Length of branchiæ, 4 mm.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 178.

Taken in a large white sponge.

SERPULIDÆ

_Eupomatus intereans_ sp. nov.

This species is separated from _E. uncinatus_ (Philippi) with some hesitation since specimens of the latter are not at hand for direct comparison. It would seem, however, to be clearly different, to judge from Ehler's figure, in the form of the uncini. These are much broader (i.e., at right angles to the dental line), the base projecting conspicuously but not forming an angulate shoulder as in _E. gracilis_, being nearly evenly and rather broadly rounded. The teeth are mostly seven in number, the end below the last of these set off as usual, rounded. The upper collar setæ coarse, with two teeth or spurs at base of the slender tip, these commonly more or less unequal in size. Branchiæ thirteen pairs. Operculum in general as in _uncinatus_; width of principal expansion 1.25 mm.; the latter even, by narrowing into the stalk, the rim with thirty-eight projecting acute teeth or serrations which are straight or very nearly so, not at all uncate as in uncinatus in which they are also fewer (thirty). Inner crown of eleven spines each tapered evenly to an acute tip and bent in abruptly toward the center above, the proximal portion being erect and ordinarily parallel with the others. No process or series of processes detected within this crown, the base from which these arise being evenly concave on its distal surface and convex on the proximal. Spines of the inner crown dark brown proximally as is the entire basal plate from which they arise, the remaining part of spines light brown. Operculum proper nearly black below teeth on proximal surface of the expansion and on adjacent part of stalk the remaining part of which is white; distal surface of funnel pale. Branchiæ and body in general pale, unmarked or some of the branchiæ with a blackish mark on stalk toward distal end. Thoracic setigerous somites seven. Abdominal segments, ninety.

Type--M. C. Z. 2, 178.

Length exclusive of branchiæ, 20 mm.; to end of operculum, about 24 mm. Width, 1.5 mm.

The Nervous System of Cæcum Californicum

WILLIAM A. HILTON

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

Specimens of this little gastropod mollusc from 2 to 3 mm. in length were the material for the study. Specimens were fixed and sectioned whole and a few good series were obtained.

It seems rather remarkable that so small a species should have such a high organization of the nervous system. The ganglia are large in proportion to the size of the animal and well developed. In all cases the exact limits of the nerves and connectives were not determined, but the chief ganglia were easily found.

Quite well towards the head end a pair of buccal ganglia were found, these were small, widely separated and possessed only a few nerve cells. At about this level in cross sections the eyes make their appearance, one on each side. They are simple, quite large and well provided with pigment. Below the level of the eyes and the buccal ganglia, on the dorsal side of the esophagus, the much larger cerebral ganglia make their appearance. These probably are connected with the eyes but the connections were not clearly seen in the sections. The cerebral ganglia are closely united along the middle line. They occupy more than one half the diameter of the entire animal. The more caudal ends of these ganglia separate and run down, a little lateral to the esophagus.

Below the esophagus and a little below the chief level of the cerebral ganglia, a region of more ventral masses of nerve tissue is reached. There are two ganglia on each side, a lateral pair somewhat smaller than the more ventral. The lateral are the pleural and the ventral are the pedal ganglia. The pedal ganglia are closely pressed against each other in the middle line, but not fused, they are much larger than any of the other ganglionic pairs and of a more complicated cell and fibrous structure.

Beyond the region of large ganglia and slightly farther towards the other end of the animal, on the right side, a small visceral ganglion makes its appearance. Farther down on the left side a much smaller group of cells seems to indicate another ganglion of the viscera.

Fig. 1 Camera lucida sketch of cerebral ganglia of Cæcum. The
dorsal side is up. ×300

Fig. 2. Left pleural ganglion of Cæcum. ×300.

Fig. 3. Left pedal ganglion of Cæcum. ×300.

Fig. 4. Reconstruction from Cæcum, showing position of eyes and
ganglia viewed from the ventral side. ×70.

Amphipods from Laguna Beach

The following list is from the collections of 1917, or that part of it sent to the U. S. Nat. museum for determination.

_Aruga oculata_ Holmes. L. 6 mm., white with red on the head. From
algæ. Another white specimen of 8 mm. Dredged at 10 f.

_Paraphoxus_ sp. L. 9 mm. Light colored.

_Ipiplateia_ sp. Red. L. 10 mm.

_Lilljeborgia brevicornis_ Bruz. One specimen dredged Aug. 28. Head
white upper half, lower half pink. Lower part of body pink,
upper white. L. 6 mm. Another head end of body red, caudal end
white. L. 4 mm. Dredged Aug. 11 and Sept. 17th.

_Tiron_ sp. Light colored. L. 9 mm.

_Elasmopus brasiliensis_ Dana? L. 6 mm., yellow, brown eyes. Line
on back.

_Melita quinquedentata_ Shoem. L. 6.5 mm. Tide pools Aug. 29.

_Allorchestes_ sp. immature. One lot pale green, red antennæ, L.
3.5 mm. One red L. 10 mm. One from holdfasts brown and red. L.
6 mm.

_Hyalella azteca_ Sauss. Brown green, 3.5 to 4 mm.

_Hyale_ sp. One red, L. 4 mm. One dark L. 6.5 mm. One pink-brown
from sulphur sponge. L. 7 mm. One rose on back, ringed with
white. One yellow green back, L. 5.5 mm. One yellow, pink
antennæ, holdfast L. 11 mm. One brown from algæ L. 5 mm. One
rose brown. L. 6 mm.

_Orchestoidea corniculata_ Stout. Green grey, bluish antennæ L. 14
mm.

_Lembos_ sp. bands on body. L. 6 mm. From holdfasts.

_Microprotopus_ sp. Bands on body. L. 6 mm.

_Photis californica_ Stout. Bands on body. Holdfasts.

_Neophotis inequalis_ Stout. Brown and red. L. 6 mm. Holdfast.

_Amphithoe corallina_ Stout. Yellow, green antennæ. L. 8 mm.
Another mottled white and black L. 10 mm. Another brown white
legs two white spots on the sides. One with green eggs L. 9 mm.

_A. vaillantii_ H. Lucas. Bright Red, L. 13 mm. Dredged 10 f. Aug.
17.

_A. rubricata_ Montagu (?) Brownish green, yellow spots on sides.
Aug. 12, 1915.

_Amphithoe_ sp. Pink, red antennæ, L. 11 mm.

_Amphithoe_ Yellow, pink antennæ. Holdfast.

W. A. H.

(_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_)

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Pomona College

Located in one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the west coast. The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many special advantages for the study of things not in books. Special advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred applicants. The success of the college is particularly indicated by the large proportion of the graduates who proceed to advanced work in the large universities. In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages.

For further information, address

Secretary of Pomona College
Claremont, California

Transcriber's Note

All obvious typographical errors were corrected. For the words where the "æ" ligature is present in greater quantity than those with just "ae", the "ae" was converted to the ligature. The other cases were left as in the original printed version. Below is a list of changes made in the text.

Page Change
==== ======================
13 _Biborin ecbola_ sp. nov. => repeated copy deleted.
13 The two [achaebous] => achaetous
18 Second somite [achaetons] => achaetous

End of Project Gutenberg's Journal of Entomology and Zoology, by Various