Chapter III: Part 3

[Footnote 51: The young lady indicated was Miss Mary Cary, the daughter of Colonel Wilson Cary, of Ceeleys Hampton, Elisabeth City county, Va. For 34 years Mr. Cary was collector of customs for the lower James river district, and a man of large wealth and aristocratic notions. He had four daughters: Sarah, who married George W. Fairfax, of "Belvoir"; Mary, who married in 1754, Edward Ambler of Jamestown; Anna, who married Robert Carter Nicholas; and Elizabeth, who married Rev. Bryan, 8th Lord Fairfax. Col. Cary had also one son Wilson Miles Cary, who was a member of the Convention of Virginia in 1776. Some writers have confounded him with his father. Bishop Meade in his _Old Churches and Families of Virginia_, accepts traditions which other writers claim are authenticated by documents, preserved by the Ambler family, and accordingly his account credits the story that Washington, in his youth, was an ardent admirer of Miss Mary Cary, and solicited leave of Col. Cary to address his daughter, but was refused. (See _Meade_, vol. i, 108.) This draft of the letter addressed to "Dear Friend Robin," was probably made in the spring of 1748, when Washington was in his seventeenth year. In it, he playfully avows an admiration for the "lowland beauty" and, at the same time, admits the agreeableness of the "young lady in the house" with him at "Belvoir." Mr. Edward Ambler, educated at Cambridge, England, was collector for York river and a burgess for Jamestown. He died in 1768 in his thirty-fifth year and was buried at Jamestown; his widow survived him until 1781. Mrs. Ambler with her children and her sister, Mrs. Fairfax, were occasionally guests at Mount Vernon, as Washington's diaries show. I am inclined to believe that while it is true that Washington entertained a high regard for the Cary family and particularly the ladies, there is nothing but the lightest gossip to create an inference that there ever was even an incipient affair of the heart between either of the Misses Cary and Washington.]

[Footnote 52: Lowland beauty.--Who this object of Washington's early admiration was, if she had a veritable existence, is not positively known. Irving, followed by Everett and others, accepts the tradition, or rather surmises, that this sobriquet referred to Miss Lucy Grymes of Westmoreland county, who in 1753 married Henry Lee, Esq. Their son was the gallant General Henry Lee, "Lighthorse Harry," of the Revolution. Some recent writers, affect to believe that this draft of a letter is conclusive that there was a real love affair but that Betsy Fauntleroy, of Fredericksburg, Va., was the person referred to, and have published a letter purporting to have been addressed by Washington to William Fauntleroy, Sr., Esq., in Richmond, enclosing one to Miss Betsy, who, it is made to appear, had also refused Washington's addresses. Letters and traditions of this character should be received with caution, for while vague reports and surmises of an affair of the heart may be dilated upon in a bantering way among friends of the parties where there is little or no foundation for the allegation, yet they should be subjected to scrutiny and some positive evidence adduced before they are accepted as historical facts.]

DEAR SALLY

This comes to Fredericksburg fair in hopes of meeting with a speedy Passage to you if your not there which hope you'l get shortly altho I am almost discouraged from writing to you as this is my fouth to you since I receiv'd any from yourself I hope you'l not make the Old Proverb good out of sight out of Mind as its one of the greatest Pleasures I can yet foresee of having in Fairfax in often hearing from you hope you'l not deny it me

I Pass the time of much more agreeabler than what I imagined I should as there's a very agreeable Young Lady lives in the same house where I reside (Col^o George Fairfax's Wife Sister) that in a great Measure cheats my sorrow and dejectedness tho not so as to draw my thoughts altogether from your Parts I could wish to be with you down there with all my heart but as it is a thing almost Impractakable shall rest myself where I am with hopes of shortly having some Minutes of your transactions in your Parts which will be very welcomely receiv'd by Your

DEAR SIR--It would be the greatest Satisfaction

Memorandom[53] to have my Coat made by the following Directions to be made a Frock with a Lapel Breast the Lapel to Contain on each side six Button Holes and to be about 5 or 6 Inches wide all the way equal and to turn as the Breast on the Coat does to have it made very Long Waisted and in Length to come down to or below the bent of the knee the Waist from the armpit to the Fold to be exactly as long or Longer than from thence to the Bottom not to have more than one fold in the Skirt and the top to be made just to turn in and three Button Holes the Lapel at the top to turn as the Cape of the Coat and Bottom to Come Parrallel with the Button Holes the Last Button hole in the Breast to be right opposit to the Button on the Hip[54]

[Footnote 53: The minuteness of detail is very characteristic of the writer. While Washington was observant of the proprieties of life and of good taste in dress, there was not the least leaning to foppishness. But it was a principle with him to have whatever he bought, consonant with good taste and of the best quality.]

[Footnote 54: At this point in the book there are 18 blank pages.]

DEAR RICHARD

The Receipt of your kind favour of the 2^d of this Instant afforded me unspeakable pleasure as I am convinced I am still in the Memory of so Worthy a friend a friendship I shall ever be proud of Increasing you gave me the more pleasure as I receiv'd it amongst a parcel of Barbarians and an uncooth set of People the like favour often repeated would give me Pleasure altho I seem to be in a Place where no real satis: is to be had since you receid my Letter in October Last I have not sleep'd above three Nights or four in a bed but after Walking a good deal all the Day lay down before the fire upon a Little Hay Straw Fodder or bearskin whichever is to be had with Man Wife and Children like a Parcel of Dogs or Catts & happy's he that gets the Birth nearest the fire there's nothing would make it pass of tolerably but a good Reward a Dubbleloon is my constant gain every Day that the Weather will permit my going out and some time Six Pistoles[55] the coldness of the Weather will not allow my making a long stay as the Lodging is rather too cold for the time of Year I have never had my Cloths of but lay and sleep in them like a Negro except the few Nights I have lay'n in Frederick Town.

[Footnote 55: A Pistole.--This coin was worth, at the time Washington wrote this journal, about $3.60. A doubloon was worth twice that amount.]

Mem To Survey the Lands at the Mouth of Little Cacapehon[56] & the Mouth of Fifteen Mile Creek[57] for the Gentlemen of the Ohio Com:[58]

[Footnote 56: Cacapehon, now generally written Capon.--There are two streams in the same vicinity known by this name, and to distinguish them, one is called "Great Capon" and the other "Little Capon." Both are tributaries to the Potomac.]

[Footnote 57: Fifteen Mile creek rises in Maryland and flows in a south-easterly direction, emptying into the Potomac river between Sideling Hill creek and Town creek, about 15 miles above Hancock, Md.]

[Footnote 58: "The Ohio Company" grew into existence out of efforts by Virginians, dated as early as 1746 or 1747, to secure a share in the lucrative Indian trade, and with the prospect of opening to settlement the lands on the upper waters of the Ohio. An early move in this direction had been made by Colonel Thomas Cresap, a man of courage, judgment and enterprise--qualities required for trading successfully with the Indians. He had erected his cabin at Oldtown, Md. About 1746 Lawrence and Augustine Washington, after making some cautious business ventures in the Indian trade, with others assisted to organize "this Ohio Company." Thomas Lee, whose second son, Richard Henry Lee, was to become so conspicuous a patriot of the Revolution, and John Hanbury, a wealthy London merchant, were original members of this company, into which still other men of substance and standing were admitted, and to which, in 1749, the British government gave a charter, as "The Ohio Company," with a grant of half a million acres of land, to be located between the Monongahela and Kanawha rivers, on the south side of the Ohio. With but twenty shares of stock at first issue, the company's prosperity seemed assured, and both Governor Dinwiddie and George Mason, at a later date purchased an interest in it. Among the early Washington manuscripts appears the above memorandum of a survey for this company. Although this entry is without date it must have been earlier, judging from its position in the note-book, than the charter. This document imposed, as conditions of the land grant, that the company should at once survey two hundred thousand acres, and within seven years secure the settlement of not less than one hundred families, erect forts, and maintain a garrison against the Indians,--conditions on the fulfilment of which they were to be for ten years exempt from the payment of quit-rents. Mr. Christopher Gist was employed as the company's agent, and on October 19, 1749, entered upon his duties of inspecting the country, contiguous to the Ohio river, reporting upon the character of the lands, making surveys, keeping a journal of his observations, drawing plans of the territory, etc. In 1750 the company built a small store-house at Will's creek and stocked it with goods from London to the value of £4,000. In 1752 Mr. Gist held a council with the Indians on the Ohio in behalf of the company, and secured their permission to lay out a town and erect a fort at McKee's Rocks at the mouth of Chartier's creek, upon the east side of the Ohio, a few miles below Pittsburg. Washington, in his diary, alludes to this, and says of the position: "I think it greatly inferior, either for defense or advantage, especially the latter: For a fort at the forks would be equally well situated on the Ohio, and have the entire command of the Monongahela." In 1751 the company began making a road to the mouth of the Monongahela, but for lack of adequate resources, made only slow progress. The company looked upon the lands around Will's creek as being within their grant. They also erected a store-house at the mouth of Redstone on the Monongahela and began some improvements at the forks of the Ohio, immediately after completing those at Will's creek. At the latter place they had the adjacent lands surveyed on both sides the stream, above and below the forks, and laid out a town to which they gave the name of Charlottesburg in honor of the Princess Charlotte, afterward wife of King George. The French and Indian war, with other stirring political events, compelled the company to be cautious and to contract its operations, but, its embarrassments increasing from the course pursued toward it by the English government, prompted by envious rival interests, the consent of its agent, George Mercer, Esq., was finally gained to merge the Ohio Company into a Grand Company, under what was known as the Walpole Grant or Company. Their proposal was as follows: "We, the Committee of the Purchasers of a Tract of Country for a new Province on the Ohio in America, do hereby admit the Ohio Company as a Co-Purchaser with us for two shares of the said Purchase,[A] in Consideration of the Engagement of their Agent, Col. Mercer, to withdraw the application of the said Company for a separate Grant within the Limits of the said Purchase.

Witness our Hands this 7^{th} Day of May 1770

THOMAS WALPOLE
S. POWNALL
B. FRANKLIN
SAMUEL WHARTON

See American Historical Review, vol. iii, p. 205.

This action, however, was not approved by the American members of the company, and the final collapse of the whole enterprise was one of the results of the Revolution.]

[Footnote A: The whole being divided into seventy-two equal Shares by the words "two shares" above is understood two Seventy-second parts of the Tract so as above Purchased.

THOMAS WALPOLE
S. POWNALL
B. FRANKLIN
SAMUEL WHARTON]

I heartily congratulate you[59] on the happy News of my Brothers safe arrival _in health_ in England and am joy'd to hear that his stay is likely to be so short I hope you'll make Use of your Natural Resolution and contendness as they are the only Remedys to spend the time with ease & pleasure to yourself I am deprived of the pleasure of waiting on you (as I expected) by Ague and Feaver which I have had to Extremety since I left which has occasioned my Return D

[Footnote 59: Memorandum or draft of a letter to his sister-in-law Anne, wife of Lawrence Washington, of Mount Vernon, made, very possibly, while in the field surveying in the fall of 1748 or spring of 1749. This visit to Europe, of Lawrence Washington, was partly in the interest of the Ohio Company and partly on account of his failing health which, unfortunately, was not benefited by the voyage as had been hoped.]

Memorandom to charge M^{rs} Aus. Washington[60] with 4 /9 and 18^d the 30 of July to a Maryland Hen-wife as also Major Law: Washington with 1 /3 lent the 15 of August 5 /9 the 17 D^o 2 /6 D^o: I read to the Reign of K: John

[Footnote 60: Mrs. Aus. Washington evidently refers to Mrs. Augustine Washington, of Westmoreland, the wife of George's half-brother, Augustine, with whom he had made his home while attending Mr. William's Academy. Austin is, or has been, in Virginia a contraction for Augustine. Augustine Moore, a notable character, is recorded interchangeably, in land and other records, as Augustine and as Austin Moore. It is presumed that "The Maryland Housewife" was intended to have been written, that being the name of a popular book on cookery and the art of housekeeping at that period. The date of this memorandum is presumed to be 1748. A charge in his book of accounts kept at this time, and which was among the relics of Lawrence Washington sold in Philadelphia in the spring of 1891, would fix the date as July 28th, 1748. It was not an unusual thing for Washington in his youth to use contractions in writing the first names of his brothers, the following are examples: Aus., Austin for Augustine; Sam for Samuel; Jack and John, simply for John Augustine.]

In the Spectators Read to N^o 143[61]

Mem:

When I see my Brother Austin to Enquire of him whether He is the Acting Attorney for my Brother and as my Brother Lawrence left Directions with the H. on W Fx[62] to remit his Pay as Agetant whether it would not be more proper to keep it to Pay the Notes of Hand thats Daily coming against him and to Write Word to Williamsburg to Acquaint his Hon: my B: A: to write him word.

[Footnote 61: This is about the only record Washington has left of his course of reading. It is inferred that the books were either at "Greenway Court" or at "Belvoir." The character of the works he selected for his perusal is what might have been expected. This memorandum also exhibits a trait in his character prominent throughout his life, that of giving attention to minute details of business. It may truly be said of him that "the boy was father to the man."]

[Footnote 62: Honorable William Fairfax, of "Belvoir," Fairfax county, Va., was born 1691 in Yorkshire, England, where his father that year became high sheriff of the county. His father was the son of Henry Fairfax, 2d son of 4th Lord Fairfax and Anna (Harrison) Fairfax, whose sister, Eleanora Harrison, of South Cave, married in 1689, Henry Washington; their son, Richard Washington, who resided in London, was, therefore, an English cousin of Wm. Fairfax, and a correspondent both of his and of Col. George Washington's (see Washington's correspondence, in _Sparks_). Wm. Fairfax lost his father when quite young and was educated at his uncle's, Sir John Lowther's College. Through the influence of Capt. Fairfax, of the Royal Navy, he entered that service in 1710 and served for two years. He then joined the British army in Spain under Col. Martin Bladen, who had married a Fairfax, and was stationed at St. Helena in 1716-17, and subsequently at the Bahamas, and returned to England in October, 1717. Having married in the Bahamas, Sarah, daughter of Maj. Walker, of Nassau, she accompanied him to England. In 1718 Wm. Fairfax was sent out with Captain or Governor Woodes Rogers as chief justice to suppress the pirates infesting the West Indies. His residence was at Nassau, New Providence. The business for which he accepted office having been completed and the climate not being congenial, he in 1725 removed to New England. Here he received an appointment to the custom house at Salem, which he held until 1734. While a resident of Salem, his first wife died and was buried there. His son George William was born in Nassau, three of his children were born in Salem. Thomas, of the Royal Navy, was killed in battle; Anne married Lawrence Washington, and was the first mistress of Mount Vernon; and Sarah married John Carlyle, of Alexandria, Va., who was a major and commissary in the French and Indian war. Mr. Fairfax married, January 18, 1731, Deborah Clarke, of Salem, Mass. Her first child was Bryan, 8th Lord Fairfax, born at Salem 1732, but better known as the Rev. Bryan Fairfax, who died in 1802. In 1734 Wm. Fairfax accepted an offer, he had before declined, to remove to Virginia and act as agent for his cousin, Lord Thomas Fairfax, in the management of the vast Fairfax land estate. He at first took up his residence in Westmoreland county and remained there for several years, but afterward improved the plantation, built "Belvoir" mansion, six miles below "Mount Vernon," and removed to it. He was residing there in 1739, when Lord Fairfax first visited Virginia and made it his home for a year. Wm. Fairfax, from his high character and acquaintance with business, soon came to the front among the leading men in Virginia. Besides being agent for his cousin, he served in the assembly of Virginia, and after the death of John Blair was president of the Provincial council and collector of his majesty's customs for the South Potomac. His second wife bore him two children, besides Bryan already mentioned, William Henry, killed at the storming of Quebec in 1759; and Hannah, who married Warner Washington, cousin to George Washington. William Fairfax was a man of great executive ability and much beloved by the community. He died September 3, 1757. His wife survived him but a few years. "Belvoir" was left to George W. Fairfax and was his residence until he went to England in 1773.]

Memorandam of what Cloths I Carry into Fairfax

Razor[63]
7 Shirts 2 D^o Carr^d by M^r Thornton[64]
6 Linnen Waistcoats
1 Cloth D^o----
6 Bands[65]
4 Neck Cloths[66]
7 Caps[67]----

[Footnote 63: The razor in colonial days was an essential part of a gentleman's toilet outfit. Washington had a strong beard and was early called upon to use his razor. Long, full beards were not then in fashion in America. It is a notable fact that there is not a portrait extant of an American-born patriot or statesman of the Revolutionary period, painted with a full beard. This memorandum, although not dated, is believed to have been written in 1748. The clean shaven face was constrained by the fashion of the continent; and prevailed as the custom in England and France for a period of quite 75 years.]

[Footnote 64: The Thorntons intermarried with the Washingtons.]

[Footnote 65: A kind of shirt collar.]

[Footnote 66: Neck Cloths.--These were usually made of fine white cambric, folded wide, were wrapped twice around the neck and worn without collars.]

[Footnote 67: Caps.--The number here will attract attention considering the list of other articles; but it must be remembered that it was the custom at that period for both men and women to wear caps at night in bed. At the time when this journal was written, bed rooms were not heated, hence the custom of warming beds before retiring in winter, and the necessity for wearing night caps is more apparent, and, further, the head was frequently shaven and wigs were worn during the day by many. It is the tradition that Patrick Henry wore at home, in the day, even, when not in full dress, a "tarred cotton cap," whilst in public he wore a wig. In speaking, when he was earnestly moved, a striking emphasis of his is said to have been a rapid whirling of his wig around his head.]

M: the regulater of my watch now is 4 M: and over the fifth from the Slow end

'Twas Perfect Love before } s: Young M: A: his W
But Now I do adore }

What's the Noblest Passion of the Mind? 6: 2:

M: Delivered M^{rs} Humphras this 30^{th} Day of October 2 Shirts the one marked G W the other not marked 1 p^r of Hoes & one Band to be Washed against November Court in Frederick[68]

[Footnote 68: At this point in the journal several blank pages occur.]

Oh Ye Gods why should my Poor Resistless Heart
Stand to oppose thy might and Power
At Last surrender to cupids feather'd Dart
And now lays Bleeding every Hour
For her that's Pityless of my grief and Woes
And will not on me Pity take
He sleep amongst my most inveterate Foes
And with gladness never wish to wake
In deluding sleepings let my Eyelids close
That in an enraptured Dream I may
In a soft lulling sleep and gentle repose
Possess those joys denied by Day

From your bright sparkling Eyes, I was undone;
Rays, you have; more transparent than the Sun,
Amidst its glory in the rising Day,
None can you equal in your bright array;
Constant in your calm and unspotted Mind; }
Equal to all, but will to none Prove kind, }
So knowing, seldom one so Young, you'l Find. }
Ah! woe's me, that I should Love and conceal }
Long have I wish'd, but never dare reveal, }
Even though severely Loves Pains I feel: }
Xerxes that great, was't free from Cupids Dart,
And all the greatest Heroes, felt the smart.[69]

[Footnote 69: The poetical effusions of George Washington are neither numerous nor notable. The specimens here given are found on the spare pages of his memoranda mixed in with his notes of surveys. Some leaves are missing at this point and the concluding lines of one poem, at least, are lost.]

A List of the Peoples Names that
I have Warrants for[70]

Acres

Richard Arnold Frederick C 400
before the 25^{th} Day of April

Barnaby M^{c}Kannary D^o 400
on the Lost River[71]

Silvenus Smith D^o 400

John Wilton D^o 300

James M^{c}Koy D^o 400

James Kinson D^o 400

Ann Dunbarr 400

And^w Vincy of Augusta 400

Robert Denton D^o 400

John Stackhouse of Fred^k 400

Sam^l Kinsman D^o 400

Tho^s Wiggans D^o 400

George Horner D^o 200

Darby M^{c}Keaver D^o 400

Jos^h Howt: fr^m New En^g D^o 400

Jn^o Ellwick Sen^r of Augusta 400

James Hamilton J^r 400

[Footnote 70: Land warrants were granted by the Crown, by the Legislature or its authorized agent, and by the governors of the provinces. A warrant had the character of a commission and guaranteed title. Land warrants issued in accordance with law were negotiable, and when laid and the survey plotted by a licensed surveyor and recorded in the land office, were maintained by the courts as against all other claimants.

The following is an exact copy of an order from G. W. Fairfax, agent of Lord Fairfax, for the sale of unseated lands in the "Northern Neck of Virginia" to George Washington a licensed surveyor in Virginia as his warrant to survey a particular parcel of land. The original document was in the possession of J. A. Russell, Esq., of New York city, in 1869, and is published in the _Historical Magazine_ for March of that year, p. 197:--

"TO MR. G. WASHINGTON

"WHEREAS, _Barthalamore Anderson_, of Frederick County hath Informed that there are about _Four_ hundred 50 Acres of Waste and Ungranted Land in the said County, _formerly granted to Thomas Morgan by Jost Hite as p. Bond for the same & by Assignment to the s^d Anderson, on Arnold's Run a branch of Shenandoah_.

"And Desiring a Warrant to survey the same in order to obtain a Deed, being ready to Pay the Composition and Office Charges.

"_These_ are therefore to Empower You the s^d G. Washington to survey the s^d Waste Land.

"_Provided_ this be the first Warrant that hath Issued for the same and you are to make a just, true and Acurate survey thereof, Describing the courses and distances p. Pole, also the Buttings and Boundings of the several Persons Lands adjoining, and where you cannot Join on any known Lines, you are to make Breadth of the tract to bear at least the proportion of one-third part of the length as the Law of Virginia Directs, you are also to Insert the Names of the Pilot and Chain Carriers made use of and Employed, a Plat of which s^d Survey with this Warrant you are to give into this Office any time before the _twenty-fifth_ Day of _March_ next ensuing. _Given_ under my Hand and Seal of the Proprietors Office this _thirteenth_ day of _Oct_. 1750 in the Twenty-Fourth year of His Majesty King George the Second's Reign.

"G. W. FAIRFAX."

[ENDORSED.]

"Barthalamore Anderson's Warr for 450 Acres
"M^r Washington's Retur'd the 8^{th} Feb^y 1750-1.
"To be paid p L^d Fx
"61"]

[Footnote 71: Lost River.--This stream gets its name from the fact that for three miles it passes out of sight under a mountain which lies across its course. It rises in Hardy county, W. Va., and flows in a north-easterly direction to the Cacapehon river. The following diagram is made from a pen drawing by Washington in his field note book, but not definitely related to this particular survey.]

MY LORD

I went Last Tuesday not knowing your Lordship had that very Day set out for Neavils to see whether you had any further Commands or directions to give concerning the Surveying of Cacapehon and as your Lordship was not at Home I was inform by Col^o G. Fairfax that you had not any Directions in Particular more than were given to the other Surveyors as your Lordship had mentioned I therefore have made bold to Proceed on General Directions from him as Missing this Opportunity of Good Weather may be of considerable Hindrance I shall Wait on your Lordship at Frederick Court in November to obey your further Pleasure and am my Lord &[72]

[Footnote 72: Here terminates the entries in the little note book, containing "My Journey Over the Mountains." It is proper to state that the journal was kept in a small, vellum-bound, blank book, 6 by 3¾ inches in size, closely written on both sides of the leaf. Either from a desire to classify his memoranda, or for want of a second book, or from some motive of economy, he turned the book around and began from the other end to keep a record more particularly relating to his surveys and miscellaneous affairs. His field notes of surveys were kept in a book of the same size as the one described, from which the most of the following surveys are taken. The other surveys are found on loose sheets which have been bound and denominated miscellaneous papers; a few of them having dates, enables the editor to place them in chronological order.]

Then Survey'd for M^r John Monroe y^e following Tract of land bounded as follows

Poles

A Beginning at a marked white oak } N 20,,0 E 130,,68
B N 20--00 E to a Chesnut }
C Thence to a Red oak N 71,,00 E 116,,44
D Thence to a Spanish oak near a Swamp S 73,,00 E 188,,24
E Thence to Hiccory S 44,,00 E 158,,72
F Thence to a red oak Stump S 14,,00 E 186,,24
G Thence to a Black Gum S 88,,00 W 244,,00
From thence to the Beginning

Then survey'd for M^r John Watts y^e Following Tract of Land bounded as followeth

Courses

A Beginning at a Marked red Oak } S 15° 30′ W 400.56
B S 15° 30 W to a Sweet Gum }
C Thence to a Chesnut S 59,,00 W 200.40
D Thence to a Walnut N 45,,00 W 240.24
E Thence to a White Oak N 10,,00 E 200.00
F Thence to a Maple N 35,,00 E 300.00
From thence to the Beginning

Then Survey'd for M^r Francis Jett the following Tract of Land bounded as follows

A Beginning at a Marked Hiccory S 20, W } S 20,,00 W 120
B to a White Oak }
C Thence to a Walnut Stump S 63,,00 W 160
D Thence to a Red Oak on the top of a Hill S 85,,00 W 80
E Thence to a Black Gum near a Valley N 66,,00 W 116
F Thence to a Dogwood near a Swamp N 35,,00 W 63
G Thence to a Mulberry standing in Corn-field N 35,,00 E 97
H Thence to a Sasafras N 45,,00 E 157
From thence to the Beginning

Then Survey'd for Cap^t Henry Washington y^e following Tract of Land bounded as follows

Poles
A Beginning at a red Oak S 25--00 W } 25--00 W 74
B near the road running to a red Oak Saplin }
C Thence to white Oak S 23--00 E 24
D Thence to Spanish Oak S 55--00 W 34
E Thence to a Black Gum N 76--00 W 30
F Thence to a Black Oak N 25--00 W 62
G Thence to Caleb Butlers old Field N 00--00 W 104
H Thence to a White Oak S 76--00 E 70
I Thence to a Red Oak N 78--00 E 56

August 18^{th} 1747 Then survey'd the following Piece of Land at one Station in the School House old field bounded as p^r field Book. Viz^t Beginning near a Persimon within y^e field Extending thence to a Fence Stake S 15--00 E 165°,,00′--28 Pole thence S 19--00 W 199°--00′--27.5 Pole thence S 47 W 227°--00′--18.9 thence S 76--00 W 256°--00′--21.4 thence N 42 W 318°--00′--46.3 thence N 29--00 E 29°--00′--34 Pole.

October 1^{st} 1747 Then Survey'd the following Piece of Land for M^r Richard Roe Bounded as follows Beginning at a Chesnut extending thence S^o 20--00 W 38 Pole thence N 75--00 W 39.7 P thence N^o 46--00 W 41.1 P thence S^o 68--00 W 21.3 thence N^o 29--00 W 25.3 thence S^o 77--00 E 4 Pole thence N^o 60--00 E 25.1 Pole thence S^o 42--00 E 14 Pole thence S^o 79--00 E 14 Pole--thence East from thence to the beginning S 60--45

E

Then Survey'd for M^r Francis Jett the following Tract of Land Bounded as p^r Field Book[73]

A N 56.15
B N 51--00 E 39.19
C S 65--00 E 34.14
D S 49--00 E 50.15
E S 20--00 E 29.00
F S 70--00 W 62.13
G N 58--30 W 20.24
H S 83--30 W 30.00

Remarks y^e distance
from A to B being Inaccessable
I took an Angle
within y^e field from A to
a house bearing N 73°--00
E 46 Pole thence to B
bearing N 48--00 W

Survey'd for M^{rs} Elizabeth Washington y^e Following Tract of Land whose thirds is required to be laid off 20 Pole from H towards K & the Division line to run towards B C[74]

Courses Dist: Poles

A S 54,,00 W 67,,00
B N 45,,00 W 36,,00
C N 76,,00 W 45,,--
D N 31,,00 E 60,,--
E N 56,,00 E 35,,--
F N 21,,00 E 30,,24
G S 51,,00 E 40,,20
H S 34,,00 E 41,,60
I S 04,,00 W 34,,20

Acres Roods Perch:

Area 52 ,, 1 ,, 39

Scale 50 Parts to an Inch.

[Footnote 73: (this footnote refers to the illustration below)

[Footnote 74: (this footnote refers to the illustration below)

SURVEY'D For Richard Barnes Gent^n of Richmond County[75] a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate Lying and being in the county of Culpeper[76] and Bounded as followeth Beginning at three white Oaks in Normans Line and Corner Trees to (Aaron Pinson's now) M^r Barnes's Land & Extending thence N^o 42° 30′ W^t Ninety five Poles to a branch of Flat Run Two hund^d and Eighteen Poles to a Large white Oak Corner to Norman thence along another of his Lines N^o 39° E^t Thirty four Poles to three white Oaks & a Hickory Cor: to the said Norman and John Roberts thence along Robert's Line S^o 78° W^t One hund^d and Eighty three Poles to the Road that Leads over Norman's Foard Two hund^d and Sixteen Poles to two white Oaks in a Glade Cor^r to the said Roberts and M^r Francis Slaughter thence with the said Slaughters Line S^o 5° W^t One hund^d and Sixty four Poles to three white Oaks in the said Slaughter Line thence leaving his Line S^o 66° E^t Two hund^d and thirty Six Poles to three white Oaks amongst a Parcel of Rock Stones Barnes's Corner thence with his Line N^o 53° E^t One hund^d and Eighty Six Poles to the Beginning Containing Four Hundred Acres this Twenty Second Day of July 1749.

JOHN LONEM } _Cha Men_
EDWARD CORDER }
EDWARD HOGAN _Marker_
by
WASHINGTON S C C[77]

[Footnote 75: For this survey Washington received the sum of £2 3s 0d on the 25th of July, 1749, as shown by entry in his cash book; a copy of which is in the Toner Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.]

[Footnote 76: Culpeper county, Virginia, was formed by act of assembly in 1748, and named in honor of Lord Thomas Culpeper, governor of Virginia from 1682 to 1686. The old family name was spelled with two p's, but in using the name as a locality one p is dropped. Its original form, however, was Colepeper. The widow of Lord Culpeper spelled her name and wrote it, "Mar. Culpeper--Leeds Castle, Dec. 19, 1706." Lord Culpeper and Lord Arlington had obtained from Charles II in 1672 a grant of proprietary rights over the whole of Virginia, but within a short time, in consequence of resistance by the colonists, surrendered all except quit rents and escheats, and a duty of three half-pence per pound on tobacco. Two years after ceasing to be governor, Lord Culpeper, who had become by purchase sole owner of the grant, further abandoned all his rights except that of property in the lands of that part of the Northern Neck beyond the Blue Ridge, with an annual pension of £600 for twenty years in lieu of what he gave up. This estate of about 5,700,000 acres of land in the Shenandoah valley and the mountains beyond, went to his daughter and heiress, Catherine, who became the wife of Thomas, the 5th Lord Fairfax, and from her to their son Thomas the 6th, and the first American Lord Fairfax of Washington's time. Lord Culpeper had been one of the commissioners of plantations under Charles II, and was a man of ability for business and public affairs, although rapacious; and, as governor, wholly British, without that sympathy for Virginia interest, such as Berkeley, with all his faults, had shown. The county of Culpeper, however, was conspicuous for the patriotism of its inhabitants during the Revolution. Her "minute men," Randolph said on the floor of the United States Senate, "were raised in a minute, armed in a minute, marched in a minute, fought in a minute, and vanquished in a minute." The motto on their flag was, "The Culpeper Minute Men," along the top border; in the center a curled rattlesnake with head erect and rattling tail; on either side the words "Liberty--or Death;" and beneath, along the lower border, "Don't Tread on Me." In the clerk's office of Culpeper court house is recorded the following: "20 July, 1749 [O. S.] George Washington, Gent., produced a commission from the President and Master of William and Mary College, appointing him to be surveyor of this county, which was read, and thereupon he took the usual oaths," etc.]

[Footnote 77: Washington, S. C. C.--This is supposed to be an official check mark signature of George Washington as a licensed surveyor of Culpeper county. The plat of this survey is published by Sparks, vol. 1, p. 14, and is reproduced here, as the editor has failed, so far, in finding the original among any of the Washington papers extant. The plat bears date two days after he filed his certificate and took the necessary oath before the court in Culpeper county referred to in the preceding note.]

FAC SIMILE.

_Copied from a Manuscript in the handwriting of_

WASHINGTON.

_Æt. 17_

A

BOOK of SURVEY's

Began

JULY 22^d: 1749

SURVEY'D For Edward Hogan a certain Tract of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate Lying and being in the County of Augusta[78] and on the Lost River or Cacapehon about Six Miles within the Boundary Line of the Northern Neck and bounded as followeth Beginning at a white Oak and white Pine Saplins on the West Side of the River and Runs thence S^o 68° E^t Two hundred and Eighty Poles to three Chesnut Oaks on a Steep Mountain Side thence N^o 9° E^t Two hundred and three Poles to three Pines on the Mountain Side thence N^o 68° W^t Two hund^d and Eighty Poles to two white Oaks in a Drain that makes from the Mountains thence S^o 2° W^t One hundred and thirty two Poles to two white Oaks thence S^o 22° W^t Sixty Eight po. to the Beginning Containing Three hundred and Thirty five Acres this 1^{st} Day of November 1749[79]

JOHN LONEM } _Cha Men_
EDWARD CORDER }
EDWARD HOGAN _Marker_
by
WASHINGTON S C C

[Footnote 78: Augusta county, and also Frederick county, were formed in 1738, out of Orange county which, prior to that date, had embraced all of Virginia beyond the Blue Ridge. The bounds of Frederick were defined as follows: the Potomac on the north, the Blue Ridge on the east, and on the south and west a line drawn from the head spring of the Hedgman creek to the head spring of the Potomac; all beyond this line, comprising the immense western territory belonging to Virginia, constituted Augusta county. The earliest Frederick county court was held at Winchester, Nov. 11, 1743; and that of Augusta county was held at Beverley's Mill Place, now Staunton, Dec. 9, 1745.]

[Footnote 79: The notes of the survey of land, on the 22d July, 1749, for Richard Barnes, and that of November 12, 1749, for Edward Hogan, were recorded on sheets of foolscap paper, and are bound up with other early miscellaneous papers of George Washington, preserved in the Department of State. They are here given nearly in their chronological place.]

November 2^d 1749 Then Surveyd for Robert Denton a certain Tract of ungranted Land Situate in Augusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two white Pines and a Pitch and running thence S^o 62 E^t Three Hundred Poles to a Chesnut, Pine and Spanish Oak on a Mountain Side thence N^o 28° E^t Two hundred & Six poles to two white Oakes and a Hick. thence leaving the Mountain N^o 62 W^t Three hun^d poles to two Pines and a white Oak on a steep Hill thence to the Beginning

E @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
ROBERT DENTON, _Marker_

November 2^d 1749[80] Then Survey'd for James Hamilton a certain Tract of Waste Land lying on Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at three Pines on a Mountain Side Corner to Edward Hogan and running thence along his Line N^o 68 W^t Two Hundred and Eighty Poles to three white Oaks another of his Corner's thence along the Mountain Side N^o 27 E^t Two hundred Poles to a Poplar a Lynn & white Walnut Trees standing on the Creek thence crossing the Creek S. 68 E^t Two hundred and Eighty Poles to a Large Black Oak and two Chesnut Trees growing from one Root thence to the Beginning along the side of an Inaccessable Mountain

E. @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
HOGAN _Marker_

[Footnote 80: This entry is in a new book of the same dimensions as the one described; first pages of it are blank--page 7 is the first written upon; pages 8 and 9 gone; page 10 blank.]

Survey'd for Francis M^{c}Bride Three hundred and Eighty Six Acres and a Quarter of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate Lying and being in the County of Augusta and on the Lost River or Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at three Pines on very Hilly Ground and on the West Side the River and Runs thence S^o 62° E^t Three hundred Poles to three white Oaks on the brake of the Mountains thence S^o 28° W^t Two hundred and Six Poles to two Black Oaks & a Dogwood thence N^o 62° W^t Three hundred Poles to two white Oaks and a Hickory Saplins on the Side of very Hilly Ground thence N^o 28° E Two hundred and Six Poles to the Beginning this third Day of November 1749

November 3~7^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for William M^{c}Bride a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Scituate in Augusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at three pines Francis M^{c}Brides Corner and runs thence with his Lines S^o 62° E^t Three hundred poles to three white Oaks another of his Corners thence N^o 28° E^t Two hundred and Six Pole to three white Oakes thence N^o 62 W^t Three hundred poles to two pines & a red Oak On a steep Hill from thence to the Begining

E
@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
JOHN DONBARR _M_:

November 4^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Ann Dunbarr a certain Tract of Waste Land Scituate in Augusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at a Pine and white Oak pretty High up a Mountain Side and running thence S^o 65° E^t Three hundred Poles to a white Oak Chesnut Oak and Maple on the Mountain Side near a Drain thence N^o 25° E^t with the Mountain Two hundred and twenty Poles to three white Oak Saplins by a Runside thence N^o 65° W^t Two hundred and twenty Poles to a red Oak and Pine on the Creek Side thence up the Mountain Side far enough to make out three hund'd Poles from thence to the Beginning

E @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
JOHN DONBARR _M._

November 5^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for M^r John Ellswick a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Augusta County on the Waters of Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at three white Oakes Corner to M^{rs} Ann Dunbarr and running thence along the Mountain side N^o 25 E^t One hundred Poles to three white Oaks in very Stony ground thence bearing more to the Mountain N^o 50 E^t One hundred and twenty Poles to two Chesnuts and one Chesnut Oak near the side of some Large hanging Rocks on the side of a Mountain thence N^o 65 W^t Three hundred Poles to three white Saplins in the Hollow of a the Mountains near the Road that leads to the S^o Branch thence S 38 W^t One hundred and twenty poles to Dunbarr's Corner on the Mountain thence with his Line S^o 65 E Three hundred pole to the B.

E
@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
JOS^H HOW _M._

Survey'd For James Scott Three hundred and Eighty Six Acres and a Quarter of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate Lying and being in the County of Augusta and on the Lost River or Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at a Pine a Spruce Pine and Spanish Oak by the side of some Large Rocks on the East Side the River and Runs thence N^o 55° W Three hundred Poles to three Chesnut Oaks on Short Hills thence over the Hills N^o 35° E^t Two hundred and Six Poles to a Large white Oak on the Hills or Ridges from the Mountains thence S^o 55° E^t Three hundred Poles to a Hickory red Oak and Maple on the Mountain Side thence S^o 35° W^t Two hundred and Six Poles to the Beginning this Sixth Day of November 1749

November 7 1749 Then Survey'd for M^r Jos^h How a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Lying in Augusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beg. at a Corner of the Land Survey'd for James Scott a Hickory red Oak and Maple on the Mountain Side and running thence along the Mountain N^o 35 E^t Two hundred and Six Poles to two white Oaks and Maple on the Mountain thence leaving the Mountain and run thence N^o 55 W 60 p^o to the Road Three Hundred Poles to Red Oak Chesnut Oak and Hickory on a Mountain Side thence S^o 35° W^t Two hundred and Six poles to a Large white Oak James Scotts Corner thence with his line S 55 E^t Three hundred poles to the Beg:

E. @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
JOS^H HOW: _M._

November 8^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Andrew Viney a certain Tract of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate in Augusta County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at a Large white Pine and three Lynn Trees growing from one Stump & runs thence N^o 55° W^t Three hundred Poles to three white Oaks in amongst the Mountains thence went to the Beginning and runs S^o 35 W^t Two hundred & six poles to a Maple a Lynn and Wild Cherry Trees on the Mountain Side just on the Creek thence N^o 55 W^t Three hundred Poles to a white Oak and a Black & Hic. Oak from thence to his Opposite Corner N^o 35° E^t

E
@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
ANDREW VINEY _M_

November 9~10^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for M^r Luke Collins a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in the County's of Augusta and Frederick & on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two Chesnut Oaks and a Black and run thence S 55° E^t 48 po to Barnaby M^{c}Handry's Corner thence with his Line to his Corner Lynn Maple & Mountain Burch on the Mountain thence along the Mountain S 35° W^t Two hundred and Six po. to two Mountain Burches and a Gum thence N^o 55 W^t three hund^d poles to three white Oaks from thence to the Beg:

@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
SAM^L M^{C}HANDRY _M_

November 9^{th}~10^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Barnaby M^{c}Handry a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning 48 po. below William Bakers Corner 2 Chesnut Oaks and a White Oak and runs thence S^o 55° E^t Two hundred and fifty two poles to two Mountain Burches and a white Oak on the M side thence S^o 35° W^t Two hundred and fifty two po to a Lynn a Maple and a Mountain Burch thence N^o 55° W^t Two hundred and Fifty two po to two white Oaks and a Hickory from thence to the Beginning

@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
WILLIAM BAKER _M_

November 10~9^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for William Baker a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two Chesnut Oaks and a red Oak in amongst very steep pine Hills Sam^l Bakers Corner and runs then with his Line S^o 55° E^t Three hund^d Poles to two Mountain Burches and a Chesn^t Oak on the M: th: al^g the Mountain S^o 55° W^t Two hund^d & Six poles to two Mountain Burches and a white Oak thence N^o 55 W Three hundred poles to two Chesnut Oaks & a white Oak from th. to the Beg

@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
SAM^L BAKER

November 10^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Samuel Baker a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two white Oaks near very Large Rocks and runs thence N^o 55 W^t Three Hundred Poles to two white Oaks and a Black on the Short Hills thence went Back to the Beginning and S^o 25 W Two hundred and fifteen Poles to a Chesnut Oak and two Mountain Burches thence N^o 55 W^t Three hundred poles to two Chesnut Oaks and a red Oak

@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
SAM^L BAKER _M_

November 11^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for William Warden a certain Tract of waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two Hickorys and an Elm on the Creek side and runs thence S^o 70° W^t Two hund^d & twelve Poles to a Spanish Oak a Chesnut & a Maple thence N^o 20° W: Three hundred poles to a Chesnut Oak a white Oak and Pine thence N^o 80 E^t Two hund^d and twelve p^{os} and from thence to the Beginning

Plat drawn
SAM^L BAKER _M_:

March 30^{th} 1750.

Then Survey'd for David Edwards a certain Tract of waste Land Situate in Frederick County and on Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beg: at a white Oak Jos^h Edwards Cor: on the E^t side the River & run thence N^o 70 W^t 176 po to the Creek 253 Po to another of J. Edwards's Cor^s and three hund^d & twenty Poles to three black Oaks near a Large Pine on the Top of a Hill thence N^o 20 E^t Two hund^d Poles to four Pines on the side of a steep Hill thence S^o 70° E^t Three hundred & Forty Poles to an Ash on the Creek side near a fine spring thence to the Beg^g 412 Acres

Plat drawn
JOHN LONEM } _Ch^n_
SILVENUS SMITH }
DAVID EDWARDS _M^r_

March 30^{th} 1750

Then Survey'd for Thom^s Edwards a certain Tract of Waste Land Situate in Frederick County and on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth Beg^g at 2 Pines on the side of a Mountain about 4 Pole from the Waggon Road that leads to the S^o Branch and on the W^t Side the Creek & run thence East One hund^d Pole to the Creek & three hund and twenty Poles to a Red Oak white Oak and Hickory on the side of a steep Hill thence South Two hundred Poles to three white Oaks thence West 20 Po: to the Creek Three hundred & twenty Poles to a white Oak thence North Two hundred Poles to the Beg. containing four hund^d acres

JOHN LONEM } _Cha_:
DAVID EDWARDS }
GEORGE HYATT Plat drawn

March 31^{st} 1750

Then Survey'd for George Hyatt a certain Tract of waste Land Situate on a branch of the N^o River calld Davids Run in Frederick County Beg at 2 white Oaks on the side of a Hill in very stony ground and Run thence S^o 70° E^t One hund^d & Seventy two Poles to a Chesnut Oak amongst a Parcel of Rocks on a Ridge of a Mountain thence N^o 20° E^t..220 Po to the Wag^n Road that leads to the S^o Branch Two hund^d and Fifty Poles to a Hickory & two white Oaks thence N^o 70° W^t One hund^d & Seventy two Poles to two white Oaks on a Hill thence S^o 20 W^t Two hund^d & Fifty three Po: to^{ds} Beg^g Cont^g 272 Acres

@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn
JOHN LONEM } _C M_
DAVID EDWARDS }
GEORGE HYATT: _Mark^r_.

March 31^{st} 1750

Then Survey'd for John Parkes Jun^r a certain Tract of Waste Land Lying & Situate in Frederick County & on a branch of Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beginning at two Chesnut Oaks near a Drain of the Mountains that parts a Ridge of Rocks & run thence S^o E^t..Two hund^d Poles to three white Oaks at the foot of a mountain thence N^o E^t..Two hund Poles to three white Oaks at the foot of the s^d Mountain thence N^o W^t Two hund^d Poles to three Pines on the same Ridge we began at thence S^o W^t Along the Ridge Two hund^d Poles to the Beg: containing 250 Acres @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn

JOHN LONEM } _C M_
DAVID EDWARDS }
JOHN PARKES _Mark^r_

April 2^d 1750