Chapter XXIII: Appendix

_Page 48._--The story of the meeting of Pym and Strafford told by Dr. James Welwood in his “History of the Last Hundred Years preceding the Revolution in 1688.” More authentic illustrations of the close connection of Wentworth with the popular leaders before his acceptance of office are to be found in the Strafford Letters and Despatches. While Eliot was confined in the Tower, Lord Cottingdon wrote to Wentworth in Ireland that his ‘old dear friend, Sir John Eliot, is very like to die.’ Again, Laud, in one of his letters to Wentworth, communicates the following piece of intelligence: “When we came to this passage in your despatch, ‘Again, I did beseech them to look well about, and to be wise by others’ harms, they were not ignorant of the misfortunes these meetings’ [i.e., Parliaments] ‘had run in England of late years,’ here a good friend of yours interposed, ‘_Quorum pars magna fui._’” “It pierces my heart,” says Strafford himself on his trial, “though not with guilt, yet with sorrow, that in my gray hairs I should be so much misunderstood by the companions of my youth, with whom I have formerly spent so much time.” Wentworth’s contemporaries certainly considered him as an apostate. An attempt has recently been made (Quarterly Review, April, 1874), to defend him from the charge. The article bears evidence of most careful research, and the writer certainly shows that in the Parliament of 1628, Wentworth differed from Eliot on details as to the best means to be employed in securing the liberty of the subject, but does not prove that he differed about the end in view. The main facts remain that Wentworth was imprisoned in 1627 for resisting a forced loan, that he was returned to the Parliament of 1628 as an extreme advocate of popular rights in the teeth of an opposition from the court, which made his supporters afraid to disclose their names. Wentworth’s speeches in this Parliament, as quoted in the article itself, seem to tell their own tale. “I cannot forget the duty I owe to my country, and unless we be secured in our liberties, we cannot give (any supplies);” again he wished the committee “to draw into a law what may assure us of our liberty of our persons and propriety of our goods before we report the resolution of our gift;” and further, “some character must be put upon it (this law), and the council must not on every occasion leap out of it. Therefore, let some penalty be set on the violators thereof.” When the king promised to observe Magna Charta, and to govern according to the laws and statutes of the realm, and wished Parliament to give up the proposed bill and trust to this declaration, Wentworth persevered against the king’s express wish, and proposed to “confirm Magna Charta and those other laws, _together with the king’s declarations_,” by the objectionable bill. This was the man who became the king’s minister without conditions, the chief enemy of popular rights, and the advocate of the policy of Thorough.

_Page 69._--Out of the twelve judges, two only, Hutton and Croke, decided in favour of Hampden on the ground of principle, viz., the illegality of the tax. Denham, who was very ill, gave a short written judgment, expressing no opinion on the legality of the tax, but deciding in favour of Hampden on technical grounds, viz., that the action was brought in the wrong form. Bramston and Davenport both agreed that in time of danger the king had the power of levying the tax, and that he was sole judge of the danger. Like Denham, however, they gave judgment in favour of Hampden on technical grounds, viz., that it was impossible to give judgment for the king, because the writs issued to the sheriff for levying the tax did not state to whom the money was due. The trial took place during the months of November and December, 1637, but some of the judges did not deliver their opinions till after the following Easter. The judgment of the majority, as that of the court, was delivered against Hampden, 12th June, 1638.

Ib. Cadmean [or suicidal] victory, see Hdt. i. 116.

_Page 70._--12th December, 1638. Address of Anthony Champeney, dean of the secular Catholic clergy in England, exhorting them to pray for the king’s success against the Scots. (From Clar. MSS. in Bodleian, No. 1158. Copy by Windebank.)

“Dearly beloved Brethren,--Though I doubt not but that you daily present your humble and earnest prayers unto Almighty God for his Majesty, according to St. Paul his exhortation in these words: Obsecro fieri orationes pro Regibus et omnibus qui in sublimitate sunt, ut quietam et tranquillam vitam agamus in omni pietate et castitate, hoc enim bonum est, et acceptum coram Salvatore nostro Deo; yet, considering these broken times, I could not admit at this present to stir you up now earnestly to the performance of this your duty towards your sovereign, wishing you all and every one of you to exhort the Catholics with whom you converse, and you also yourselves, to have more frequent recourse to Almighty God by prayer, for the peace and quietude of his Majesty’s dominions in these general troubles of all Europe, and for the prosperity of his Majesty, the Queen, and all the royal issue, begging of Almighty God in their behalfs that which the prophet Baruch did for the king and prince under whom he lived, ‘ut sint dies eorum sicut dies cæli super terram, et ut det Dominus virtutem nobis, ut illuminet oculos nostros et vivamus sub umbra eorum et serviamus eis multis diebus.’ And also that their subjects may be indued with the spirit of dutiful submission and obedience, for as St. Paul teacheth us, ‘Non est potestas nisi a Deo, itaque qui resistit potestati, Dei ordinationi resistit. Qui autem resistunt, ipsi sibi damnationem acquirunt.’

“Considering the reports which are spread abroad concerning the discontented humours of some of his Majesty’s subjects in Scotland, although I hope they are not so bad as the general voice doth make them, yet in regard that good subjects cannot be too zealous in that which concerneth his Majesty’s service, I do earnestly entreat you all to exhort, move, and insist seriously with the Catholics that as the religion which they profess doth teach them next after God to honour and serve their Prince, and as they themselves have always professed to be ready to lay their lands and goods at his Majesty’s feet, in witness of their allegiance and loyalty towards him, so they would at this present, of their own accord, without expecting to be called on, endeavour and think of some means, every one according to his hability, to make an efficacious and real expression of the same, to the end that his Majesty may understand that if he should have use of them, they are ready in all occurrences that may fall out to serve to the utmost, both with their fortunes and persons, according as his Majesty shall please to command or accept of their service in that kind.”

_Page 83._--Cromwell was already known to the government as a supporter of popular rights. The municipal government of the town of Huntingdon, Cromwell’s birthplace, had been vested in a body of bailiffs and burgesses elected annually by the residents. By a new charter this body was changed to a mayor, alderman, and recorder, all elected for life. The people opposed the change, and were supported by Oliver Cromwell, who used some strong language against the new mayor and new recorder. The council was appealed to, and a messenger was despatched to Huntingdon with a warrant for the apprehension of Oliver Cromwell, who, on the 26th Nov., 1630, was brought before the lords of the council. After five days’ detention, the case was gone into, and ‘both sides had a long hearing,’ but it was finally referred to the Lord Privy Seal, the Earl of Manchester, who owned Hinchinbrook in the neighbourhood of Huntingdon, until lately the residence of Sir Oliver Cromwell, the uncle of the future protector. Manchester’s report is as follows:

“Whereas it pleased your lordships to refer unto me the differences in the town of Huntingdon about the renovation of their charter, and some wrongs done to Mr. Mayor of Huntingdon, and Mr. Barnard, a counsellor-at-law [the recorder] by disgraceful and unseemly speeches used of them by Mr. Cromwell of Huntingdon.... I have heard the said differences, and do find those supposed fears of prejudice that might be to the said town by their late altered charter, are causeless and ill-grounded, and the endeavour used to gain many of the burgesses against this new corporation was very indirect and unfit, and such as I could not but much blame them that stirred in it. For Mr. Barnard’s carriage of the business in advising and obtaining the charter, it was fair and orderly done, being authorised by common consent of the town to do the same, and the thing effected by him tends much to the good and grace of the town.... For the words spoken of Mr. Mayor and Mr. Barnard by Mr. Cromwell, as they were ill, so they are acknowledged to be spoken in heat and passion, and desired to be forgotten; and I found Mr. Cromwell very willing to hold friendship with Mr. Barnard, who with a good-will remitted the unkind passages past and entertained the same. So I left all parties reconciled, and wished them to join hereafter in things that may be for the common good and peace of the town.

“December 6th, 1630. “H. MANCHESTER.”

A few months after the earl’s award, Cromwell sold his property at Huntingdon, and removed to St. Ives.--Calendar of State Papers, 1629-1631.

_Page 84._--Browning’s Strafford I., i. The words are put in the younger Vane’s mouth.

_Page 98._--Wentworth obtained from Charles enlarged powers for himself, as President of the Court of the North. A judge of assize acted in opposition to them, whereupon Wentworth wrote from Ireland to Lord Cottingdon as follows:

“I do most humbly beseech this judge may be convened at the Council Board, and charged with these two great misdemeanors ... and I am a most earnest suitor to his Majesty and their lordships, that he be not admitted to go that circuit hereafter; and indeed I do most earnestly beseech his Majesty by you, that we may be troubled no more with such a peevish indiscreet piece of flesh. I confess I disdain to see the gownmen in this sort hang their noses over the flowers of the crown, blow and snuffle upon them till they take both scent and beauty off them; or to have them put such a prejudice upon all other sorts of men, as if none were able or worthy to be intrusted with honour and administration of justice but themselves.”--Strafford, Letters and Despatches, i. 129.

Following Wentworth’s advice, Charles agreed to bestow upon the Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chief Baron of Ireland four shillings in the £ out of the first yearly rent raised upon the commission of defective titles. “Now,” wrote Wentworth, “they do intend it with a care and diligence such as if it were their own private. And most certain the gaining themselves every four shillings once paid will better your revenue for ever after at least five pounds.”--Ib., ii. 41.

“It is plain, indeed, that the opinion delivered by the judges, declaring the lawfulness of the assignment for the shipping is the greatest service that profession have done the crown in my time. But unless his majesty hath the like power declared to raise a land army upon the same exigent of State, the crown seems to me to stand upon one leg at home, to be considerable but by halves to foreign princes abroad. Yet sure this methinks convinces a power for the sovereign to raise payments for land forces, ... and if by degrees Scotland and Ireland be drawn to contribute their proportions to these levies for the public, _omne tulit punctum_ ... this piece well fortified for ever vindicates the royalty at home from under the restraints of subjects ... settles an authority and right in the crown to levies of that nature, which thread draws after it many huge and great advantages more proper to be thought on at some other seasons than now.”--Ib., ii. 62.

A description of Wentworth, written by Sir Thomas Roe to Elizabeth,
wife of the Elector Palatine.

“My Lord Deputy of Ireland doth great wonders and governs like a king, and hath taught that kingdom to show an example of envy by having Parliaments and knowing wisely how to use them; for they have given the king six subsidies, which will arise to £24,000, and they are like to have the liberty we contended for, and grace from his Majesty worth their gift double; and which is worth more, the honour of good intelligence and love between the king and his people, which I would to God our great wits had had eyes to see. This is a great service, and, to give your Majesty a character of the man--he is severe abroad and in business, and sweet in private conversation; retired in his friendships, but very firm; a terrible judge, and a strong enemy; a servant violently zealous in his master’s ends, and not negligent of his own; one that will have what he will, and though of great reason, he can make his will greater, when it may serve him; affecting glory by a seeming contempt; one that cannot stay long in the middle region of fortune, but _entreprenant_: but will either be the greatest man in England, or much less than he is; lastly, one that may--and his nature lies fit for it, for he is ambitious to do what others will not--do your Majesty very great service, if you can make him.”

_Page 107._--The decision of the question was deferred by a vote, which was carried, ‘that this declaration shall not be printed without a particular order of the House.’

_Page 139._--“A feat repeated by their Breton brethren at La Vendée.”--See Alison’s History of Europe, iii. 326, 342, 365.

_Page 181._--Richard Symonds, a Royalist officer, and Sir Edward Walker, Garter-king at arms, both of whom were with the royal army, give the following account of the storming of Leicester:

On Thursday (29th May), the royal army sat down before the city. On Friday (30th May), Rupert raised a battery and sent a trumpeter to demand surrender. No satisfactory answer being returned, he caused the battery to play, which by six o’clock made a great breach in the wall. Between twelve and two o’clock at night the town was stormed and taken. Symonds says the garrison was 600 men; Walker, that officers, soldiers, and townsmen in arms together amounted to 1200. Walker says the town was ‘miserably sacked,’ as do Symonds and Sprigge; but Sprigge’s account of the siege lasting four days seems wrong.

_Page 203._--Milton’s sonnet.--Edwards wrote “Reason against Independence and Toleration” (1641).

_Page 221._--Morrice, chaplain to Lord Broghill, tells the well-known story how Cromwell and Ireton, in the disguise of troopers, found a letter of the king’s to the queen, concealed in a saddle. He heard the story from Lord Broghill, who had heard it from Cromwell. Morrice says that in the letter “the king acquainted the queen that he was courted by both factions, the Scotch Presbyterians and the army, and which bid fairest for him should have him; but he thought he should close with the Scots sooner than the other” (Morrice’s Life of Broghill, prefixed to Orrery State Letters, 1743). The contents of the letter are usually taken from Richardson’s account of a conversation he had with Lord Bolingbroke. “Lord Bolingbroke told us” [i.e., Pope and Richardson] (12th June, 1742), “that Lord Oxford had often told him that he had seen and had in his hand an original letter that Charles I. wrote to the queen, ‘that she might be entirely easy as to whatever concessions he should make, for that he should know in due time how to deal with the rogues’” [i.e., Cromwell and the others], “‘who, instead of a silken garter should be fitted with an hempen cord.’” Richardson merely says that those concerned awaited and intercepted the letter, without specifying persons or place. (Richardsoniana, by the late Jonathan Richardson, jun., 1776).

_Page 242._ _Sigebehrt_, King of Wessex, deposed (755) by his successor, Cenwulf, and the West Saxon Witan; _Æthelred_ the Second (the Unready), deposed in favour of the invader, Swegen, (1013), and restored (1014). _Harthacnut_ deposed from his West Saxon kingdom, while still uncrowned, because he insisted on remaining in Denmark (1037): afterwards re-elected to the whole kingdom of England (1040). See Freeman’s Norman Conquest, i. p. 105, 358, 498.

Kemble’s fifth canon is, ‘The Witan had the power to depose the king, if his government was not conducted for the good of his people.’

Mr. Stubbs, however, limits the cases of real deposition to the Heptarchic period, a time of unexampled civil anarchy. The instances which he quotes in this period besides Sigebehrt of Wessex are among the Northumbrian kings. _Alcred_ or Ealhred (774) deposed ‘by the counsel and consent of his own people,’ i.e., by the Witenagemot: his predecessor, _Ethelwald_, deposed at Wincenheale, the meeting-place of the Northumbrian councils (765); _Ethelred_ displaced 779, restored 790, and ‘murdered six years later by equally competent authority.’ The fall of Ethelred the Unready he distinguishes as the result of defeat, and notices that the action of the Witan was more concerned with his restoration than with his deposition.--Stubbs’ Const. History, i. p. 138.

_Pages 274, 275._--For an excellent account of the times, see Sir W. Scott’s Fortunes of Nigel, chap. i., and for Alsatia, ib. xvi., xvii.

_Page 338._--Copies of Letters of Intelligence, from MSS. in Bodleian.

“4th April, 1653, N.S.
“It was debated in the House a fortnight ago whether we should
send an ambassador for Holland or no; they seemed much divided
about it.... The same day the House debated this, the council
of officers at St. James’ had resolved to turn them out, and
to have shut up the House doors, had not the general and Col.
Desborough interceded, who asked them if they destroyed that
Parliament, what they should call themselves, a State they could
not be. They answered that they would call a new Parliament. Then
says the general, the Parliament is not the supreme power, but
that is the supreme power that calls it, and besides the House
is now endeavouring a treaty with Holland (which is the only way
that we have left for the destroying of the combination of our
enemies, both at home and beyond sea), and if we destroy them,
neither Holland nor any other State will enter into a treaty with
us. This seemed to satisfy them at present, but they have met
since, and are framing a petition.”

“May, 1653.
“I will not trouble you with the names of our new Council of
State, nor with the proclamation subscribed by the general,
because they are in print. The people generally entertain and
acquiesce in it, yet in the army are some divisions about it,
and there is a party which menace a second purgation because
some persons have been refused to sit at the helm whom they
propounded. Our general is very sedulous to give satisfaction to
all parties, and after he hath made a peace with Holland (which,
if once they treat we doubt not of), he will cement all other
differences. He is very kind to the old malignant party, and
some have found much more favour since the late dissolution than
in seven years’ solicitation before. This hath been effected
by the Court of Articles, where the honour of the army is much
concerned. Mr. Bradshaw is president, who checked a councillor at
that bar for saying the Parliament was dissolved, which many of
the members will not acknowledge, terming it only a disturbance.”

_Page 290._--“Copperspath” (_i.e._ Cobburn’s-path) is Cromwell’s version of the Scotch Cockburn’s-path.

INDEX.

Act of Settlement, 6;
of Settlement for Ireland, 342;
of Supremacy, 9;
of Uniformity, 10;
for triennial Parliaments, 99, 375;
rendering Long Parliament indissoluble but by its own consent, 100,
315;
abolishing illegal courts, 101;
excluding ecclesiastics from civil office, 102, 108, 115;
Navigation, 300;
for conducting law proceedings in English, 312

Amboyna, 253, 331

America, 75, 253, 254

Anabaptists, 204, 303, 330

Areopagitica, 207

Argyle, Duke of, 227, 230

Armada, Spanish, 13

Armour, 125, 126

Army remodelled, 178, 214, 217, 220, 224, 236, 371, 373

Ascham, 278

Ashburnham, John, 222

Assembly, of Divines, 150, 154, 195, 203;
of Peers, 81

Astley, Sir Jacob, 193

Austria, 22, 65

Bacon, Sir Francis, 252, 262, 306

Balfour, 108

Barbadoes, 335

Bastwick, 73, 86

Batten, Admiral, 134

Baxter, 32

Berkeley, Judge, 85

Berkley, 222

Berwick, Pacification of, 78

Bill, Dissolution, 313;
for command of militia, 114;
bishops’ exclusion, 114

Bills of Attainder, 91, 96, 98

Birch, Colonel, 233

Bishops, 11, 108, 109, 114

Blake, Admiral, 190, 296, 300-302, 317, 322, 339, 354, 356, 384

Booth, Sir George, 370

Bradshaw, 238, 239, 384

Brentford, 132

Bristol, 139, 248

Broghill, Lord, 304, 363

Brook, Robert Greville, Lord, 132

Brownists, 204

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 27-34, 40, 43, 45

Burton, 73, 86

Byron, Lord, 146

Cadiz, 33, 356

Calais, 353, 359

Calvert, Sir John, 19

Casaubon, Meric, 340

Catholics, 69, 70, 151, 312, 341. See Appendix

Cecil, Sir Edward, 33

Chambers, 59, 86

Charles I. visits Spain, 27;
marriage treaty broken off, 28;
refuses assent to Tonnage and Poundage Bill, 31;
lends ships to Louis XIII., 32;
imprisons managers of Buckingham’s impeachment, 36;
war with France, 37;
demands general loan, 38, 39;
answers to Petition of Right, 42, 43, 47;
proclamation of, against Parliament, 50;
education and character, 51;
love of art, 256;
court of, 29, 53;
arbitrary government of, 54, 59;
attempts to establish Episcopacy in Scotland, 76, 78;
foreign policy of, 78;
summons Assembly of Peers, 80;
conduct towards Strafford, 84, 96, 97;
assents to Army Plot, 94;
concessions in Scotland, 103;
suspected of complicity in Irish rebellion, 104, 105;
reaction in favour of, 106, 107;
guard at Whitehall, 108;
attempts to seize five members, 110, 111;
visits Guildhall, 112;
prepares for war, 114;
consents to Bishops’ Exclusion Bill, 115;
refuses Militia Bill, 116;
refused admittance into Hull, 116;
rejects York propositions, 118;
raises standard, 119;
deceit, cause of war, 120;
at Edgehill, 124-131;
attacks Brentford, 132;
classes on side of, 134;
answer to Oxford propositions, 136;
success of forces, 139, 141;
besieges Gloucester, 142;
at Newbury, 145;
habits of troops, 148, 158;
cessation of arms with Irish, 158;
Oxford Parliament, 157;
defeats Waller, 160;
forces Essex to surrender, 167-169;
at Newbury, 172;
breaks off Uxbridge negotiations, 177;
at Naseby, 186;
letters published, 187;
treaty with Irish Catholics, 191, 192;
goes to Scotch camp, 193;
rejects Newcastle propositions, 197;
removed from Holmby by Joyce, 215, 217;
rejects army propositions, 219;
flies to Isle of Wight, 222;
treaty with Scots, 225;
concessions at Newport, 235;
hesitates to escape, 236;
trial and execution, 238-247. See Appendix.

Charles Louis, elector palatine, 306, 353

Chillingworth, 211

Church, Episcopalian, 9-13, 20, 40, 69-75, 102, 150;
Presbyterian, 10, 75, 202;
Independent, 12, 195

Christine, Queen of Sweden, 35

Claypole, Lady Elizabeth, 364, 384

Clubmen, 188

Colchester, 227, 330

Colepepper, 106, 109, 181, 187

Colonies, 75, 251-254, 296

Companies, 250, 253

_Confirmatio Chartarum_, 1

Confiscations, 212, 233, 309

Cooper, Sir Antony Ashley, 388

Copyholders, 3, 267

Cotton, Sir Robert, 255

Council, King’s, 7, 17, 101

Court, of Admiralty, 19;
of Chancery, 6, 318-320, 332;
of Exchequer, 6, 68, 74;
of King’s Bench, 16, 39, 57;
of the North, 58;
of High Commission, 7, 16, 72, 101;
of Star Chamber, 7, 15, 59, 73, 74, 101, 267

Courts of Common Law, 6, 317-320;
High Courts of Justice, 238, 307 Covenant, Scotch, 77;
Solemn League and, 153

Covenanters, Scotch, 77-80, 227, 285, 291

Cromwell, Henry, 337, 346

Cromwell, Oliver, member for Huntingdon, 41;
for Cambridge, 83;
leader of Independents, 102;
lieutenant-general of eastern counties’ army, 155;
character of troops, 156;
at Marston Moor, 163-166;
quarrels with Manchester, 173;
supports Self-denying Ordinance, 174;
lieutenant-general of remodelled army, 182;
at Naseby, 185;
in west, 188;
character and appearance, 209, 210, 341, 366;
views of settlement, 216, 218, 221, 224, 226;
suppresses mutinies in army, 224, 281;
defeats Scots at Preston, 228-230;
supports execution of king, 238, 246;
in Ireland, 281-284;
commander-in-chief of army, 285;
in Scotland, 287;
at Dunbar, 288-290;
at Worcester, 292-295;
political views of, 303-313;
expels Long Parliament, 314;
summons Barebone’s Parliament, 316;
protector, 227;
ideal of government, 229;
plots against, 330, 351, 363;
reform of Church, 331;
of Chancery, 332, 340;
quarrels with Parliaments, 334, 348, 361;
rules arbitrarily, 336;
moderation of, 337-339;
urges reforms of law, 340;
encourages learning, 260, 340, 377;
toleration of, 341-343;
refuses title of king, 350;
foreign policy of, 331, 352-359;
protects Vaudois, 358;
economy of government, 360;
friends of government, 363;
illness and death, 364-366. See Appendix.

Cromwell, Richard, 367-369

Cropredy Bridge, 159

Customs, 15, 31, 157, 251

Davenant, Sir William, 260

Dean, Admiral, 296, 325

Debtors, 323

Denmark, 331

De Ruyter, 325

Desborough, 328, 336, 369, 370

Digby, Lord, 188

Dorislaus, Dr., 278

Dragoons, 125

Drogheda, 282

Dunbar, 288-290

Dunkirk, 353, 356, 357, 363

Edgehill, 126-131

_Eikôn Basilikê_, 278

Eliot, Sir John, 18, 19, 35, 50, 56, 57, 255

Elizabeth, Queen, government of, 8-14

Elizabeth of Bohemia, 14, 22

Engagers, 230, 291

Erastians, 200

Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 94, 118, 128, 130, 133, 137, 141,
143, 145-147, 159, 167, 168, 212

Excise, 158

Exports, 253

Fairfax, Lord Ferdinando, 161

Fairfax, Lady, 239

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 117, 161, 163, 180, 213, 215, 223, 227, 231,
233, 238, 244, 259, 280, 332, 372, 383

Falkland, Sir Lucius Cary, Lord, 82, 83, 103, 106, 110, 117, 136,
146, 255

Fauconberg, Lord, 357

Felton, 44

Fiennes, Nathaniel, 119, 139

Fifth-Monarchists, 204, 303, 330

Finch, Sir John, 49, 66, 85

Fleetwood, 190, 292, 328, 336, 344, 369

Fox, George, 343

France, 3, 38, 298, 353, 356, 359, 380, 381

Frederic, Prince of the Palatinate, 14, 21, 23, 25

Freeholders, 2, 121, 134, 264, 266

Glamorgan, Lord Herbert, Earl of, 190, 255

Gloucester, 143

Goring, Colonel, 163, 165, 181, 187

Government, three functions of, 1-6. See Appendix

Grenville, Sir Richard, 167, 181, 187

Gustavus Adolphus, 66

_Habeas Corpus_, writ of, 15, 16, 101

Hale, Sir Matthew, 339

Hamilton, James, Duke of, 227, 229, 307

Hammond, 222

Hampden, John, 68, 91, 107, 110, 113, 114, 119, 128, 130, 137, 138,
149

Harlech Castle, 212

Haslerig, Sir Arthur, 110, 119, 288, 308, 361

Henrietta Maria, 53, 64, 93, 97, 105, 111, 115, 158, 176, 196, 236

Heyworth Moor, 117

Highlanders, 170

Hobbes, 211, 340

Holland, 252, 253, 299, 300; war with, 301, 302, 325, 331, 361

Hollis, Denzil, 49, 106, 119, 383

Hopton, Sir Ralph, 122, 139

Hotham, Sir John, 135

Howard, Lord, of Esrick, 310

Huguenots, 37, 40, 44-46

Huntingdon, Major-General, 231

Hutchinson, Colonel, 190, 203, 208, 245, 259, 382

Hyde, Edward, 82, 103, 106, 109, 113,
117, 181, 191, 258, 346, 351, 384

Impeachment, 34, 35, 37, 84, 85, 110

Imports, 253

Independents, 102, 154, 167, 195, 201,
234

India, 251, 253

Instrument of Government, 326

Ireland, 61, 63, 64, 104, 156, 278, 281-284, 316, 333, 345, 375

Irish troops, 157, 170

Ireton, Henry, 183, 185, 190, 209, 217, 219, 221, 230, 235, 237, 243,
245, 284, 304, 384

Ironsides, 156, 164, 166

Jamaica, 355

James I., government of, 14-28, 257, 262

Jermyn, Lord, 258

Jews, 343

Jones, Inigo, 256

Joyce, Cornet, 215

Judges, 6, 44, 68, 83, 323, 339

‘Killing no murder,’ 351

King, General, 163

Labourers, 270

Lamb, Dr., 41

Lambert, 289, 292, 368, 370, 372

Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 59, 72-75, 85, 178

Law, English common, 317-320, 339;
martial, 40;
see _Act, Ordinance_

Leeds, 248

Leicester, 181. See Appendix

Lenthall, William, 112, 219, 370

Leslie, Alexander, Earl of Leven, 157, 161, 164, 165, 167

Leslie, David, 161, 287-290, 291-295

Levellers, 221, 223, 235, 245, 280, 335, 337, 350

Lilburne, John, 78, 86, 221, 234, 307

Lindsey, Earl of, 128, 130

Loans, 5, 38, 39

Lockhart, 339, 357

London, 113, 117, 131-133, 135, 140, 151, 216, 220, 226, 248, 251,
272-275, 371

Lords, House of, 2, 117, 177, 238, 277, 349, 360, 373

Louis XIII., 33, 37, 78

Louis XIV., 298, 356, 357

Lunsford, Colonel, 107

Ludlow, Edmund, 190, 208, 219, 226, 336, 346, 382

Magna Charta, 2

Major-generals, 336, 349

Manchester, Edward Montague, Earl of, 110, 129, 155, 172, 174, 383

Manchester, 247

Mardyke, 356, 357

Marston Moor, 161-167

Marten, Sir Henry, Judge of Admiralty, 6

Marten, Henry, son of Judge, 152, 313, 382

Massey, 142

Maurice, Prince, 14, 119, 135, 139, 296

Mazarin, Cardinal, 193, 357

Mercantile system, 350

_Mercurius Aulicus_, 149

Militia, 114, 116, 118

Milton, John, 75, 132, 200, 203, 206-208, 259, 296, 328, 339, 346,
358, 377, 383

Monopolies, 55, 67, 249

Monk, General, 291, 301, 304, 317, 325, 371-373, 376, 383

Montreuil, M. de, 193

Montrose, Marquis of, 170, 176, 189, 195, 285

Mountnorris, Lord, 64

Naseby, 182-186

Naylor, 343, 348, 350

Newcastle, Marquis of, 134, 141, 158, 160, 163, 165, 167

Newbury, 143-147, 173

Newspapers, 100, 149, 208, 336

Noy, 66

Nutt, Captain, 19

Ordinance, Self-Denying, 175, 177;
for remodelling army, 175;
for new Prayer-book, 202;
for establishment of Presbyterian Church, 202;
for suppression of blasphemies and heresies, 203;
forbidding use of Prayer-book, 204;
for High Court of Justice, 238;
forbidding Episcopalian ministers to act as chaplains or
schoolmasters, 336;
for reform of Chancery, 332, 340;
for union of England and Scotland, 344

Ordinances or proclamations made in council, 5;
for suppression of vice and observance of Sundays, 151;
for reform of Church, 331;
for restraining unlicensed printing, 152, 207, 208

Ormond, Duke of, 156, 190, 190, 195, 235, 281, 363

Oxenstiern, 330

Oxford, 133, 135, 157, 158

Palatinate, 22, 353

Parliament, privileges of, 25, 232;
classes represented in, 2, 3, 333;
character of, in seventeenth century, 100;
_of 1621_, 24;
_of 1625_, 30-32;
_of 1626_, Buckingham impeached, 35;
_of 1628_, Petition of Right, 41-43;
_session of 1629_, 48, 49;
_Short Parliament of 1640_, 79;
_Long Parliament_, meeting of, 83;
proceedings against Strafford, 84, 87-93, 97;
against delinquents, 83, 85;
votes Scots £300,000, 94;
reforms of, 99, 101;
religious parties in, 102;
debates on Grand Remonstrance, 106;
five members impeached, 110;
sits in Guildhall, 113;
a war council, 117;
constitutional attitude of, 122;
classes on side of, 121, 133;
peace party in, 135;
peace propositions of Lords, 140;
petitioned by mobs, 140;
parties in, 152;
armies of, 157;
quarrels with army, 212-214;
yields to army, 216;
intimidated by Presbyterian mob, 219;
fugitive members restored, 220;
votes no more addresses to king, 225;
reverses votes, and negotiates with Charles, 231;
causes of unpopularity, 231-234;
financial administration of, 233;
accepts king’s concessions, 237;
by Pride, 237;
_Rump_ erects high court for trial of king, 238;
establishes Republic, 277;
raises a powerful navy, 296;
government recognized abroad, 297;
foreign policy, 297-299;
war with Holland, 299-302;
severity of government, 307-310;
reform of law, 312;
bill for new representative, 313;
expelled by Cromwell, 314;
restored by officers, 370, 371;
Presbyterian members restored by Monk, 372;
votes own dissolution, 373;
_Barebone’s_, reforms of, 317-325;
_First of Protector_, 333, 334;
reformed representation, 333;
_Second of Protector_, sentence on Naylor, 348;
Petition and Advice, 349;
_Second Session_, new House of Lords, 360;
dissolved, 362;
_of Richard Cromwell_, 368;
_Convention_, 373;
_Oxford Parliament_, 157

Patronage, 323

Pembroke Castle, 227

Penderells, 295

Penn, Admiral, 354, 356

Pennington, Captain, 32

Penruddock, 334

Peters, Hugh, 383

Petition and Advice, 349, 360, 367

Petition of Right, 42

Pilgrim Fathers, 75, 254

Pirates, 32, 66

Poor Laws, 268-270

Popham, 296

Population, 248

Portugal, 296, 331, 358

Post Office, 272

Prerogative, royal, 5, 29, 42, 51, 68

Presbyterians, in England, 10, 102, 150, 151, 155, 178, 189, 192,
195, 202, 214, 231, 237, 307, 330, 362;
in Scotland, 11, 76, 153, 201

Preston, 227-230

Pride, Colonel, 237, 312, 360

Prisoners, 149, 335

Prisons, 261, 323, 325

Proclamations, 55

Propositions, of York, 118;
of Oxford, 136;
of Uxbridge, 176;
of Newcastle, 195;
of army, 217;
of Newport, 235

Prynne, 73, 236

Puritans, 9, 12, 20, 22, 70-74, 256, 258, 377, 378

Pym, John, 42, 48, 84, 91, 95, 102, 103, 106, 109, 160, 116, 123,
154, 306, 382, 384

Quakers, 342

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 23

Regicides, fate of, 382, 383

Remonstrance, Grand, 116, 120

Republicans, 152, 205, 225, 234, 244, 299, 304-307, 327, 330,
334-337, 348, 361, 368, 370

Rich, Robert, 360, 364

Rochelle, 32, 40, 44, 46

Royalists, 121, 134, 136, 139, 149, 157, 167, 227, 273, 307, 335,
338, 350

Royal Revenue, 53

Rubens, Peter Paul, 256

Rupert, Prince, 14, 119, 126, 128-131, 135, 138, 139, 142, 149, 159,
161-167, 181, 185, 188, 296

Salmasius, 383

Santa Cruz, 354

Savoy, Duke of, 358

Say-and-Sele, Lord, 342

Scots, 77, 80, 94, 154, 190, 193, 198, 225, 227, 229, 284, 285-291,
316, 333, 344, 375

Sectarians, 12, 135, 152, 204

Selden, 201

Sexby, 338, 351

Seymour, William, 17

Sheffield, 247

Ship-money, 66, 68, 83. See Appendix

Shrewsbury, Countess of, 17

Sidney, Algernon, 190, 238, 244

Skippon, 118, 133, 185, 213, 244, 336

Socage tenure, 2

Spain, 22, 28, 33, 37, 350, 353, 355-357

Statute of Winchester, 114

St. Domingo, 355

St. John, 119, 299, 303, 369

St. Kitts, 354

Strafford, Sir Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, 42, 47, 52, 60-65, 78, 85,
87-92, 95, 97. See Appendix

Strickland, 299

Strode, 110

Stuart, Lady Arabella, 17;
Lady Elizabeth, 217, 240;
Charles, Prince of Wales, 130, 181, 192, 227, 236, 278, 285,
291-296, 350, 361, 363, 370;
James, 357, 379

Subsidies, 15, 30, 158

Superstitions, 262

Sweden, 331

Syndercomb, 351

Taylor, Jeremy, 211

Teneriffe, 356

Thirty Years’ War, 22, 65, 352

Tithes, 320, 321, 325

Tom Tell-Truth, 26

Tortuga, 354

Torture, 5, 44, 378

Trade, 249-254

Travelling, 271

Treason, law of high, 87

Tunis, 354

Uxbridge, 174-177

Valentine, 49, 56

Vandyke, 256

Vane, Sir Henry, the elder, 79, 89

Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, 91, 153, 205, 207, 244, 277, 301, 310,
312, 314, 336, 369, 384, 386

Van Tromp, 300-302, 322

Vaudois, 355

Venables, General, 354, 355

Verney, Sir Edmund, 122

Waller, Sir William, 122, 139, 157, 159, 167, 172

Waller, the poet, 137

Warwick, Robert Rich, Earl of, 360, 364

Westphalia, Treaty of, 353

Wexford, 283

Whalley, Colonel, 223

Whitelock, Bulstrode, 278, 369

Wildman, 335

William III., 242, 379

Williams, Archbishop of York, 108

Wilmot, Colonel, 128

Witchcraft, 263

Worcester, 291-295

Wroth, Sir Thomas, 225

Yeomen, 2, 266

York, 116, 118, 158, 160, 167

THE END.

HISTORY
OF THE
CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.
BY
THE COMTE DE PARIS.

Translated with the approval of the author, by LOUIS F. TASISTRO. Edited by HENRY COPPÉE, LL.D. Each volume embracing, without abridgment, two volumes of the French edition. With Maps faithfully engraved from the originals, and printed in three colors. 8vo, per volume, Cloth, $3.50; Sheep, Library Style, $4.50; Half Turkey Morocco, $6.00.

Vols. I and II now ready. To be complete in Four volumes.

“We advise all Americans to read it carefully, and judge for
themselves if ‘the future historian of our war,’ of whom we have
heard so much, be not already arrived in the Comte de Paris. The
translation is very good.”--THE NATION, _New York_.

“It is so superior to all those preceding it that there is
not one in America or Europe worthy to be placed in the same
class.”--SATURDAY REVIEW, _London, England_.

“Cannot but prove most valuable and interesting to the American
reader. I find it very good, indeed.”--W. T. SHERMAN, _General_.

“It is by far the best work which has as yet been given to the
world in connection with the subject of which it treats....
The Comte de Paris challenges the admiration of even the
Southerners, by the fair and philosophical spirit in which
he describes events, and sets forth their relations to each
other.... He has done for the military institutions and aptitudes
of the American people what De Tocqueville has done for their
political institutions; and he has written in a more liberal and
hopeful spirit.... In all cases his criticisms are moderate and
apparently unprejudiced.”--_Maj.-Gen._ J. H. WILSON, _in the
International Review_.

“We may accredit it with a truthfulness that will entitle it to a
place amongst the most valuable books of the present day.”--THE
TIMES, _New York_.

“It becomes continually clearer that this is destined to be the
generally received history of the war. It will be deservedly
so, for the author, by virtue of being a foreigner, has an
impartiality which it would be hard for one of us to acquire;
he has a satisfactory knowledge of both the great principles
and the _minutiæ_ of the great struggle, and he spares no pains
in search of thoroughness and accuracy. More than this, he is
so completely master of his subject that he makes clear the
most complicated campaigns, and he tells his story in the most
lucid way. His position throughout is that of a judge and not
that of an advocate, which is all the more commendable in view
of the recentness of the events he describes; compared in this
respect with Kinglake’s History of the Crimean War, for instance,
the superiority of this history is very plain.... The work of
translation has been well done.”--THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY, _Boston_.

“Most Americans understand, in a vague way, that our fighting was
different from that common on European soil, and that a foreign
army would have to learn war anew before it could hope to ‘whip
us.’ From this book they can learn just what the difference
was, and will find that the notion they hold so vaguely has its
basis of truth.... We would like to see this history have a wide
circulation among Americans. It gives a succinct account of the
more important conflicts in which we have been engaged, and is in
reality a history of the United States Army, the Civil War being
its most extended detail.... The presentation of political events
is fair in spirit and moderate in expression.... The work shows
great care, and the errors of statement are remarkably few and
unimportant. The translation is well made.”--THE GALAXY, _New
York_.

“In this, the first part of his great work on the American
War, the head of the Orleans family has put pen to paper with
excellent result.... Our present impression is that it will form
by far the best history of the American War. The translation
reads well.”--THE ATHENÆUM, _London, England_.

“The fact that I have been engaged for several years in gathering
material and making other preparation for the writing of a
history of our civil war has led me to read the Comte de Paris’s
work with greater care and much more critically than I should
otherwise have done, and I regard it as the only one yet written
which is, in a proper sense, a history of the Civil War in
America. It is a thoroughly good history of the War, very much
better, indeed, than I had thought it possible for any one to
write at present.

“The Comte de Paris had two especial dangers to encounter in his
effort to write impartially of our war. His personal impressions
of the quarrel and of the men who were engaged in it were
received while he was an officer upon one side, actively engaged
in military service, and there was every reason to apprehend
prejudice upon his part against the people whom he was bound to
regard as enemies. He was a member of the staff of a general
officer who was afterward a candidate for political preferment
and it would have been natural enough for him to espouse the
personal cause of this chief in all matters pertaining to his
campaigns. Both of these dangers the Comte de Paris seems to me
to have escaped, and his perfect fairness is not less remarkable
than his singular accuracy of perception in matters of character
and motive. His candor and impartiality must add largely to the
acceptability of his work, both at the North and at the South,
and it is these qualifications, more than any others, which
distinguish his history from the many treatises we have from
American writers on the subject.”--GEO. CARY EGGLESTON, _late of
Gen. J. E. B. Stuart’s Cavalry, Confederate Army, author of “A
Rebel’s Recollections,” etc._

LECTURES
DELIVERED IN AMERICA.
BY
CHARLES KINGSLEY,
LATE CANON OF WESTMINSTER, ETC.

=Edited by Mrs. Kingsley. 12mo, Toned Paper, Cloth, $1.25.=

CONTENTS.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY--THE STAGE AS IT ONCE WAS--THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF
AMERICA--THE SERVANT OF THE LORD--ANCIENT CIVILIZATION.

“We know of no recent book that contains, in the same space, so
much that is well worth reading.”--BOSTON COURIER.

“The five essays before us exhibit his diversified talents,
his broad scholarship, his brilliant diction, his penetrating
insight, his trusty manliness, and his warm, wide-embracing
affections; ... in each one there are a few hints dropped, a few
lessons taught, and a few chords of emotion vigorously struck,
that makes us the better for the experience.”--CHICAGO TRIBUNE.

“Very agreeable as well as useful reading.”--THE
CONGREGATIONALIST, _Boston_.

=J. H. COATES & CO., Publishers,=
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

For sale by all booksellers, or sent by mail on receipt of price.

Transcriber's Note

1. Obvious printing errors have been corrected. Hyphenation has been made consistent where one of the options is in a clear majority: otherwise hyphenation has been retained as printed.

2. The following further changes have been made:

p. 108: "pull them out?" to "pull them out!"
p. 125: "bandeleer" to "bandoleer".
p. 165: "lieutenant’s-general’s" to "lieutenant-general’s".
p. 303 (heading to Chapter XIII.): "Barebones’" to "Barebone’s".
p. 391 (after "one that may"): change long dash to em-dash.
p. 400 (Index, "France"): 330 to 380.
p. 401 (Index, "Mardyke"): 348 to 357.