Chapter X: Part 10

He knelede do{u}n {and} seide, “ladi,
Off me, I p{ra}ie ȝow, haue m{er}cy. 784
Ladi, quene of heuene lyȝt,
For þine swete mychel myȝt,
Sende me token þis ilke day,
What þing þat I say may 788
To myn felawis, þ{er} I hem fynde,
That I was toward þi buriynge.
Thei wil nouȝt leue þat I were;
Now g{ra}unt me, ladi, my p{ra}iere.” 792

[Sidenote: no{t}a de zona s{an}c{t}e Marie]
a-boute her{e} gurdel a mydełł sought,
that she hir{e} self had y-wroght,
of siluer {and} gold wonde in palle;
a-doun{e} to hym she lete it falle. 632
he toke that gurdełł in his hond,
and thanked her{e} of her{e} sond.

[Sidenote: [leaf 78, back]]
A-bowte hure myddel a seynt sche souȝt,
That sche hure self hadde wrouȝt,
Off silk {and} gold wounden in pal;
Doun to thomas sche lete it fal. 796
He toke þ{er} þe gurdel in his honde,
And þanked hure of hure sonde.

fourth he went of that stede;
toward the toun{e} he hym yede. 636
his felaus then he dud seche
yf he myght hem ou{er} mete.
atte temple of dominus
he them founde alle in ane ho{us}. 640
ther ful feire he them grette;
and ayenward thei hym chidde.

Forþe he went of þat stede;
Toward þe toune he him dede, 800
His felawis for to seke on his fete,
Ȝif he hem ouȝt myȝt mete.
Atte þe temple dominus
He fonde hem alle in an hous. 804
When he hem sawe, he gret hem,
And þei answerde alle hym,
And seiden, “thom{a}s of ynde,
Eu{er} art þou bi-hynde. 808

[Headnote: _The apostles find the tomb empty._]

“wher{e} has thu so long y-ben{e}?
we haue beried o{ur} heuene quen{e}. 644
“thu lakkest eu{er} at euery nede;
thu helpest neu{er} at gode dede.”
“sore me thenketh þ{a}t y nas here;
[Sidenote: [leaf 85]]
but y ne myght come no nere. 648
I-blessid be the quene of blys,
in the place ther{e} she ys,
for wełł y wote in my thought,
there ye her{e} layde is she nought.” 652

“Whare hast þou so longe bene?
We haue buried heuene quene.
Thou helpest noȝt at no good dede;
Thou failest eu{er} at most nede.” 812
“Sore me forþinkeþ þat I ne was here,
But I ne myȝt come no nere.
Blessed be sche, quene of blis,
In þat stede þ{er} now sche is! 816
[Sidenote: [leaf 79]]
For wel I wote bi my þouȝt,
Ther ȝe hure left, is sche nouȝt.”

Thei seid to hym swithe anon{e},
bothe Petr{e} and seynt Ioh{a}n,
“thow woldest not be-leue, Thom{a}s,
that our{e} lord y-nayled was. 656
eu{er} thu leuys amysse in mynde,
and tales y-now thu dos fynde.
thu bi-leuest in god right noght;
soche tales ne kepe we noght.” 660

Than seide to him sone anone,
Bothe Petir {and} seynt Ione, 820
“Thou ne woldest, leue thomas,
That oure lord fram deth ras.
Come, þou art mys bileuyd,
And tales ynow þou canst fynde, 824
Thou leuest nouȝt on godes craft;
Swylk felawis wille we nauȝt.”

[Sidenote: no{t}a de v{er}bis s{an}c{t}i Thome ap{osto}li.]
“be stille,” he seid, “brother Ioh{a}n,
why chide ye me so, one {and} on{e}?
me thenketh ye can litel good,
for y her{e} saw bothe flesħ {and} blood, 664
how our{e} lady to heuene wend;
her{e} is the token that she me send.”

“Be stille,” he saide, “broþ{er} Io{ha}n.
Whi chyde ȝe me eu{er}ychone? 828
I am ful wery man for-gone;
Me ne list answeri neu{er} one.
But I thanke oure lord god,
I sawe hure w{i}t{h} flesche {and} blood, 832
Ther oure ladi to heuene went:
Here is þe token þat sche me sent.”

Then seid seynt Petr{e}, “that is soth;
this ilke webbe her{e} self woof. 668
w{i}t{h} her{e} y dud it on the bere;
wond{er} me the thenketh þ{a}t it is here.
go we swithe in-to the vale,
to knowe the sothe of this tale 672
that he hath vs now y-sayde,
for it was in the tombe y-laide.”

Quath seynt Petir, “þat is sothe.
This seynt sche hure self wof. 836
We dide it on hure in þe beere;
Wonder me þinkeþ þat it is here.
Go we swiþe in to þe vale,
To wite þe sothe of þis tale 840
[Sidenote: [leaf 79, back]]
That he haþ vs here yseide,
For it was in þe tumbe ylaide.”

[Headnote: _Jesus appears to the apostles and blesses them._]

[Sidenote: no{t}a de sepulc{r}o Marie vacuo.]
owte of þ{a}t that place then they yede,
and the tumba they vndede. 676
nothyng ther-on ther{e} thei founde
[Sidenote: [leaf 85, back]]
but a flour{e} atte grounde.

Oute of þe place swiþe þei ȝede,
And þe tumbe þei vndede; 844
No þing þ{er} Inne þei ne fou{n}de,
But a manere floure at þe grounde.

[Sidenote: Manna]
That flo{ur} manna was cleped
that in the tumba was steked. 680
they went ałł a-boute þe tumbe
and kneled on the bare g{ro}unde,
and seid, “Ih{es}u, goddis sone,
ałł that thu sendes, it is wel-come. 684
Mightefułł is the heuene kyng;
and that we know bi thi sayng.
no man may know his p{ri}uyte,
nother his swete dignite.” 688

That floure was ‘manna’ yclepid;
Hit was in þe tumbe ystekyd. 848
Thei ȝeden alle abowte þe tumbe
And knelede on þe bare grounde,
And seiden, “ih{es}u, godes sone,
Al þi sonde be welcome. 852
Myȝtful art þou, heuene kynge;
That mai we wite bi þis tokenynge;
For no man mai wite ne se
What is þi derne p{ri}uete.” 856

Amonge þe apostolis alle a light,
the kyng that is in heuene bright,
and blessid ham alle in fere
emonge the angelis þ{a}t ther{e} were, 692
and seid, “my pees be w{i}t{h} yow nowthe,
blessid ye be of goddis mowthe.”

Cryst of heuene, þat is so bryȝt,
Amonge þe apostles sone he lyȝt,
And gret hem alle yfere,
W{i}t{h} aungeles fele þ{a}t w{i}t{h} hi{m} were, 860
And seide, “now pees be w{i}t{h} vs!
Blessed be ȝe,” seide Ih{es}us.

[Sidenote: no{t}a miracul{u}m ap{osto}lor{um}.]
A mysty cloude cam aft{er} than{e},
and ou{er}sprad them eu{er}ychon{e}, 696
and bare them alle þ{er} they wer{e},
in-to the stede that they wer{e} er{e}.

A lyȝt cloude come aft{er} þan,
And ou{er} sprad hem eu{er}y man, 864
[Sidenote: [leaf 80]]
And bar hem alle þat ben þere,
In to here stedes þ{er} þei p{re}ched ere;
And fonden alle þat folke ȝete,
Sittand stille atte here fete. 868
And þei bigo{n}ne for to p{re}che,
And þe folke for to teche.

moche wond{er} then hem thought
how thei wer{e} thed{er} y-brought, 700
for thei ne wiste whi ne whan{e};
and thei seid euerychon{e}
that rightfull is heuene kyng,
Ih{es}us lord ou{er} ałł thyng. 704

Moche wondre hem þo þouȝt
How þei weren þidre brouȝt. 872
Miȝtful art þou, heuene kynge,
Ih{es}u Crist, in alle þinge!
The apostles kneled in þat stede;
To ih{es}u þei bede a bede. 876
Ih{es}u herde here p{ra}iere,
For þei were hi{m} leue {and} dere.

[Headnote: _Conclusion and invocation._]

¶ This tale y haue tolde w{i}t{h} mouthe,
w{i}t{h} wordes that ben{e} ful couthe.
it is cleped the Assumpciou{n};
Iesus gef vs his benesou{n}. 708
Iesu crist, for his myght,
[Sidenote: [leaf 86]]
we p{ra}y to hym w{i}t{h} herte light,
and w{i}t{h} his holy grace,
gef vs bothe myght {and} space, 712
soche workes for to worche,
thurgh the lore of holy churche,
that we may to heue[ne] wende,
that is w{i}t{h} oute begy{n}nyng {and} ende. 716
Amen!

Explicit Sextus liber s{an}c{t}e Marie.

++WE biseche þee for alle þ{a}t hereþ þ{i}s vie
Off oure ladi seynt marie, 880
That Ih{es}u schelde hem fram g{ra}me,
Fro dedly synne {and} fro schame.
Ne mys auent{ur}e schal bi falle þ{a}t man
That þis a vie here can. 884
Ne no wo{m}man þat ilke dai
That of oure ladi hereþ þis lai,
Dien ne schal of hure childe,
For oure ladi hure schal be mylde. 888
[Sidenote: [leaf 80, back]]
Ne none mys auenture schal be-falle
In felde, in strete, ne in halle,
In stede þ{er} þis vie is rad,
For oure ladi hure sone it bad. 892
And þe archibisshop seynt Edmou{n}d
Haþ g{ra}unted xl. daies to p{ar}dou{n}
To alle þat þis vie wol here
Or with good wille wol lere. 896
Ih{es}u, for þi modre loue,
That woneþ in heuene vs aboue,
Graunt vs, ȝif þi wille is,
The mochil Ioye of p{ar}adis! 900
A p{ra}ier þer-to seie alle we,
A Pater n{oste}r p{ur} charite,
And an Aue marie þer-to,
That Ih{es}us vs graunt so. Amen! 904
¶ Celi regina sit sc{ri}ptori medicina.

NOTES.

KING HORN.

4, H. _Allof_. An undoubted trace of the influence of the French version on the H text of the English version. The French has _Aaluf_.

6. _laste_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 7017: _þe while þe hit ilæste_.

8. _Fairer ..._ Cf. ‘The Erl of Tolous’ (ed. by G. Lüdtke, Berlin, 1881): _were no fayrer undyr hevyn, That any man myght see, Fayre myght none bee_. 354. Cf. also 980-1. Further, ‘The King of Tars.’ (Engl. Stud. xi. pp. 1 ff.): _Feirer miȝt non ben oliue_ 8.

10, C. _miste_. In many southern texts the _s-_ initial has the phonetic value _sh-_. Hence here it is to be assumed that medial _-st-_ has the pronunciation _-sht_, a loose way of representing the pronunciation of the _-ht_, _-ȝt_ like German _-cht_ in _nicht_, etc.

11, 12. _rine_ : _schine_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 31889-90: _þa sunne gon to scine, Þe rein bigon to rine_; 28303, _muchel rein him gon rine_; 31086-7, _nis nan feirure wifmon þa whit sunne seineð on_.

14. _briȝt so þe glas_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ (Weber, Early Engl. Romances, II.). 75. _And a lady þerinne was bryght as the sunne thorough glas._

15. _whit so þe flur_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’: _off that lady whyt so flour_, 128.

17, 18. _bold_ : _old_. Cf. ‘The Erl of Tolous’: _He was a feyr chyld and a bolde, Twenty wyntur he was oold_, 712-13; Reinbroun 4, 4. _Faire child he was and bolde, He was boute seue winter olde._ ‘Beues’ 3899-3900: _Be þat he was seue winter old, He was a fair child and a bold_.

19, 20. _iliche_. Cf. ‘Guy of Warwick’ 1336: _In all þys worlde ys none hym lyke_.

21, H. _tueye feren_. The H text here lacks one of the archaic features of the story, referring to only two companions, viz., Aþulf and Fikenhild. The other ten, save for the abrupt introduction of Arnoldin at the conclusion, play no active part in the present version.

23. _riche menne sones_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28932-3: _monies riches monnes sune, monie hæðene gume_.

25. _for to_ with infinitive. This is frequent, especially in H, and is probably due to French influence, _por à_. Cf. 166 L, 242 H, 388 C H, 902, 1011, 1186, etc.

27. _him het_. For frequent use of reflexives cf. 134 L, 140 C L, 147 C, 173 C, 233 L, 293 C, 294, 526 C, 307 C, 364, 398 C, 426, 806 L, 802 L, 1250, 1269, 1297-8, 1386, 1410, 1545.

27, H. _Athulf_. In the early part of the H text _th_ is used in proper names.

31-35. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 181-3: _So hyt befell upon a day, The erl and he went to play, Be a reuer syde_. Cf. also ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 25, 26 (Ritson): _As hyt befelle upon a day, To wode he wente on hys play_; also ‘Lay.’ 25661 A, _bi þere sæ side_; ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 645-6: _Yesterday yn the mornynge y wente on my playnge_.

42. _sarazins_. The conventional enemy in mediaeval romance. Probably due to French influence and ultimately due to the stories originating in the crusades and in the struggles between Mohammedans and Christians culminating in the Battle of Tours.

44. _Oþer to londe brohte_. Murry mistakes them for merchants (cf. also 637-8). The whole incident, vv. 39-62, reminds one of the quite parallel historical incident of the first landing of the Northmen in 787, and the death of Beaduheard and his retinue.

45. _Payn_. Cf. Note on _Sarazins_, 42. _of herde_, an unusual combination. This is the only instance cited in Bradley-Stratmann.

55. _gunne_ = ‘did’ intensive, as frequently. See _gan_ in Glossary, also _con_, _couþe_, _began_.

57. _vnder schelde_ means perhaps ‘in arms.’ Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 5691-3: _And yiff the sawdon off that land Myghte sloo Richard in that feeld With swerd or spere undyr scheeld_. Cf. also Wissmann’s note.

67-8. _libbe_ : _sibbe_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 11605-6: _þenne maȝen we libben mid sæhten & mid sibben_ (Wissmann).

69. _hi here_. The representatives of the OE. forms of the personal pronouns are usually very strictly adhered to. _þei_, _þe_ occurs twice (55 L and 1557 C), _sche_ once (380 L), ‘their’ and ‘them,’ not at all.

69, 70. _asoke_ : _toke_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 12114-16: _& sūme heo god wiðsoken & to haðenescipe token_ (Wissmann). Also ‘Lay.’ 29187-8: _for crist seolue he for soc, and to þon wursen he tohc_.

82, L. _hundes_. Cf. also 91 L, 634 C H, 887, 1465, etc. For a possible explanation of the term cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 337-40: _Upon his creste a rede hounde. The tayle henge to the grounde. That was Sygnyfycacioun The hethene folke to brynge down._ Cf. 634 Note.

89, 90. _made_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28067-8: _deoren swið hende, þa ure drihten make_ (Wissmann). The contracted form _made_ of L H, is that of the original as shown by the rime and rhythm.

92. _quic flen_ perhaps a trace of a primitive custom in this crystallized phrase (cf. also 1468 C).

98. _iseene_. Cf. Chaucer, ‘Knight’s Tale’ 65: _Now be we caytifs as it is wel seene_ (Wissmann).

100. _strong_ : _long_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2242-3: _Non so fayr, ne non so long, ne non so mikel ne non so strong_.

107, C. _stere_. Cf. Glossary.

109. Cf. the parallel historical incident where Aethelstan sets his brother Eadwine adrift, in Thorpe’s translation of Lappenberg’s England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, II, iii, London, 1845 (Wissmann).

118. _wringinde_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 152: _He wrungen hondes and wepen sore_ (Wissmann).

121-122. _wo_ : _þo_. A stereotyped couplet in romance. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 8429-30, 20383-4, 8677-8, ‘Sir Isumbras’ 380-1, 759-60, ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 6521-2.

123. _Horns_. Perhaps a scribal error, so common in this MS.; perhaps a trace of the OF. inflection with _-s_ in the nom. sing. Cf. _Horns_ 1560 H, _enimis_ 1023 C, 1024 H; also _page_ and _crois_ in Glossary.

127. _flowe_. Cf. ‘Proverbs of Alfred,’ v. 197 (M. and S. selections): _Uppe þe see þat floweþ_. Kölbing (Eng. Stud. vi. 154) thinks _flowe_ means ‘flood’ as distinguished from ‘ebb.’

128. _rowe_. The ‘ship’ was a ‘galeie,’ cf. 199, 1084, 1086, etc.: cf. also ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 2521-4: _They rowede hard, and sungge ther too With henelow and rumbelooo. The galeye wente also faste As quarrel dos off the arweblast._

131-2. _ywis_ : _ymis_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 19067-8: _for æuere heo wende ful iwis þat it weoren þe eorl Gorlois_.

134. _sprang_. Cf. ‘Owl and Nighting.’ 734: _Wane þe liȝt of daie springe_. Also ‘Ipomydon’ 776: _To-morrow, or the day sprynge_. Hence the modern word ‘dayspring.’ For reflexive phrase, _him sprong_, cf. 27 Note.

150, L. _dawes_, the natural phonetic development from OE. nom. accus. plur. _dagas_. The more usual forms _daies_, _dayes_, are formed by analogy with the singular.

161, C H. _hol and fer_. Cf. ‘Ass.’ 62 Cambr.: _so hol ne fer_.

168. _dales and dune_. A common collocation of words. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 27352-3: _iseȝen alle þa dales, alle þa dunes_ (Wissmann).

170. _blessing_. The accent on the second syllables of dissyllabic words as revealed by the rimes in ‘Horn’ is an interesting feature. This accent is no doubt in part to be explained as a French characteristic, in part as the survival of an OE. secondary accent. For further instances cf. 209-10, 219-20, 233-4, 239-40, 243-4, 253-4, 263-4, 359-60, 467-8, 529-30, 609-10, 859-60, 1169-70, 1235-6, etc.

174. _mild_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 6887-8: _Tho sayde to hym with mylde stevene_, also a frequent phrase in the ‘Assumption.’

176. _beoþ icumene_. For other examples of _beon_ as auxiliary cf. _beþ ygo_ 310 H, _am iorne_ 1228 C, etc. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 13838-9: _whæt cnihten ȝe seon & whænnenen ȝe icumen beon_.

175 ff. Compare with Aylmer’s greeting the in many ways similar greeting of Vortiger to Hengest and Horsa. ‘Lay.’ 13826 ff.

180-2. _Ne sauȝ ihc ..._ Cf. 180-2 Note.

202. _sail and roþer_. Cf. ‘R. H.’ 60-61: _Kil naient auirum dunt a (!) seient aidanȝ sigle ne guuernad (!) dunt il seient naianȝ_.

204. _brymme_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 272: _ferde bi þere sæ brimme_ (Wissmann).

206. _honde bihynde_. Cf. Wissmann’s parallel citations from Alexander (Weber, as above I.) 2013 ff. and ‘Chron. of Engl.’ (Ritson II.) 873.

208. _spille_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 242: _Helpe me nu in þis nede and late ye nouth mi bodi spille_ (Wissmann).

210. _Niþing_. Cf. Wissmann’s note.

221. _schulle_. Cf. Wissmann’s note and citation from ‘Oct. Imp.’ (Weber III.). 535. _to blowe swyþe schylle_.

239 ff. Horn’s education. Cf. the similar scene in the later romance, ‘Ipomydon’ 32 ff., which, like ‘Rich. C. de L.,’ has many traits in common with King Horn, and was no doubt influenced by King Horn. (Weber, as above, II, pp. 281 ff.):

_A feyrer child myght no man see_
_Tholomew a clerk he toke,_
_That taught the chyld vppon the boke,_
_Bothe to synge and to rede;_
_And after he taught hym other dede;_
_Aftirward to serve in halle_
_Bothe to grete and to smalle_
_Before the kyng mete to kerve,_
_Hye and lowe feyre to serve:_
_Bothe of howndis and haukis game_
_Aftir he taught hym, all and same._
_In se, in feld, and eke in ryuère_
_In wodde to chase the wild dere_
_And in the feld to ryde a stede_
_That all men had joy of his dede_

Verses 67-70 of ‘Ipomydon’ remind more directly of the French version, ‘R. H,.’ so that perhaps it was by this version of the Horn story that the composer of ‘Ipomydon’ was influenced.

244. _Of wude and of riuere_. Cf. the similar phrase in ‘R. H.’ 377: _De bois e de riuere, refait il autre tal_.

247 ff. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 4893 ff.: _Brennes wes swiðe hende [v] his hap wes þe betere. Brennes cuðe on hundes, Brennes cuðe on hauekes, he cuðe mid his honden hanlie þa harpe._

250. _Cupe serue_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ (as above) 295, where the princess says to Ipomydon, “_Of the cuppe ye shall serve me_,” and 320 where Ipomydon does serve with the cup. Cf. also ‘R. H.’ 471: _Horn serui le rei bien de la cupe acel ior_.

264 ff. Cf. the apparently borrowed scene in ‘Rich. C. de L.’ vv. 879 ff., where the princess falls in love with the captive Richard and bids the jailer, “_And aftir soper, in the evenyng, To my chaumbyr thow hym bryng In the atyr of a squyer_” (909-11).

266. _He_ = ‘she’ as elsewhere (OE. _hēo_): _mest in þoȝte_. For similar phrase cf. Wissmann 254 Note.

268 _wexe wild_. A popular word combination. Cf. ‘Proverbs of Hendyng’ (Böddeker’s ed.) 121: _Ne wax þou nout to wilde_ (Wissmann).

275. _Bi daie ne bi niȝte_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 42: _Be dayes and be nyght_. ‘Launfal’ 412: _Be dayes ne be nyȝt_. ‘Lay.’ 13829: _bi dæie no bi nihtes_, etc.

282. _him þuȝte_. Cf. Wissmann’s note with incorrect reference to ‘Lay.’ 312. See present volume, 268 Note.

300. _wed broþer_. Cf. Glossary.

315. _sette him on bedde_. The usual mode of entertainment. Cf. ‘Beues of Hampton’ (E.E.T.S.) 1090; ‘Guy of W.’ (E.E.T.S.) 3043; ‘Sir Eglamour’ 679: _sche sett hym on hur beddys syde_.

319 ff. For other instances of the maiden wooing the man see ‘Beues of H.’ 1093 ff.; ‘Amis and Amiloun’ 550 ff.: ‘Sir Eglamour’ 674 ff., etc.

321. _trewþe pliȝte_. Cf. ‘Sir Eglamour’ 674: _Therto ther trowthys they plyght_. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 210: _Therto my trouth y plyght_, etc., frequently.

333. _bi one ribbe_. Not clear. Cf. Wissmann’s Note, also Kölbing (Engl. Stud. vi. 155), who translates _bi_, ‘_im bezug auf_,’ ‘with reference to.’

341. _fule þeof_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 1780: _Goth henne swiþe fule þeues_ (Wissmann).

350. _mote þu deie_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 6858: _God geve the wel evyl pyne_; 6862, _God geve you wel evyl endyng_.

364. _hou one_. Cf. 559 C H, 650 C H, also Glossary. The OE. weak form _āna_ seems to have the same experience as _seolfa_, ‘self.’

366. _vs wroþe_. _wroþe_ means ‘fearful’ (Mätzner).

373. _makede hire bliþe_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2244, ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1606 (Wissmann).

378. _squieres wise_. Cf. 264 Note.

379, C. _pleie_. Cf. ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 25-26: _As hyt befelle upon a day To wode he wente on hys play_.

387-8. _kyng on benche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 14963-4: _& heo gon scenchen, on þas kinges benche_. Also ‘Ipomydon’ 229: _Of þe cuppe ye shall serve me_. Cf. also 1185.

403. _On knes he him sette_. The conventional mode of salutation. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 22147-8: _Comen to þan ki[n]ge, & setten an heore cneowen_. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 13821 and ‘King of Tars.’ 719: _& gret hir feir vpon his kne_, also 90, 221. ‘Guy of Warwick’ 161-2: _Gye on his kneys sone hym sett, And that mayden feyre he grett_. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 891-3, 1591; ‘Ypotis’ 15: _On his kne he hym sette. Well fayr þe emperour þer he grette._ ‘Ipomydon’ 267-8: _Ipomydon on knees hym sette And the lady feyre grette_. 187-8: _Vppon {his} knees he hym sette, And þe kyng full feyr he grette_. Cf. also 902-3, also ‘Erl of Tolous’ 1066: _To the emperour he knelyd blyve_. Cf. Wissmann’s Note.

405-6. _of his feire siȝte ..._ Cf. ‘R. H.’ 1053: _De la belte de horn tute la chambre resplent_. Compare with this the flame which came from Havelok’s mouth when he slept.

420. _honde_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 2164: _Ipomydon toke hyr by the hond_. Cf. also ‘Havelok’ 408; ‘Amis and Am.’ 550 ff.; ‘Guy of W.’ 217 ff.; ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 891-3: _Fayr he grette that lady bryght, And sayde to her with herte free, What is thy wille, Lady, with {me}_.

425. _ofte heo hine custe ..._ Cf. ‘Lay.’ 5012-14: _bitwixen hire ærmes heo hine nom, ofte heo hine clupte, & ofte heo hine custe_.

436. _liþe_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 431: _He wol solace me and lythe and in this care make me blythe_, and ‘Will. de Shoreham’ (ed. Wright), p. 19: _and lytheth oure pyne_.

437. _wiþute strif_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 240: _Wythoute any stryfe_. ‘Ipomydon’ 1607-8: _He sayd, he wold haue hyr to wyffe, If she wold withouten stryff_.

440. _plist_. Cf. 10 Note: _trewþe_. Cf. 321 Note, also Wissmann’s Note.

441-2. _biþoȝte_ : _miȝte_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28410-11: _Modred þa þohte, what he don mihte_ (Wissmann).

450, H. _þy fader fundlyng_. An instance of the preservation of the OE. ‘irregular’ genitive form. Cf. also 116 C H, 951 H; _moder_ 1485 C.

451. _... cunde_. ‘It would not be in keeping with thy rank’ (Mätzner).

452. _welde_. Cf. 324.

454. _wedding_. Cf. Wissmann’s ref. to Grimm, Rechtsalt. 439.

458. _iswoȝe_. Swoons are frequent in mediaeval romance. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 873-8: _Uppon hyr bedde she gan downe falle On swoone, afore hyr maydens alle_. Cf. also Wissmann’s Note.

464. _stere_. Cf. ‘Ritson’ III. 35, 825: _Ther myght no man hure stere_ (Wissmann).

473, C. _þat swete þing_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 1021: _Than sory was that swete thynge_. ‘King of Tars.’ 374: _For Maries loue, þat swete þing_; ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 2127, ‘Fl. and Bl.’ 272 T, etc.

474. _swoȝning_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 875: _And whan she roos of swounynge_.

478, C. _seue niȝt_, a ‘week,’ like ‘fortnight.’

480. _cuppe_ : _vppe_. Cf. also 1205-6, where the couplet is a stereotyped one and does not fit.

482. _foreward_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’: _Yschall hold thy forward {god}_; also ‘Lay.’ III. 177 (Wissmann).

485. _adun falle_. Cf. 403 Note.

486. _halle_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 157: _Bifore þe king into þe halle_ (Wissmann).

492. _bede_. Cf. Wissmann’s Note.

506. _mid þe beste_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 20449: _cniht mid þam beste_, also 23259.

520. _derling_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ A. 28342: _i-sloȝen is Angell þe king, þe wes min aȝen deorling_.

524. _sprang_. Cf. 134 Note, also ‘Lay.’ A. 28314: _ase þe dæi gon lihte_.

526. _þuȝte lang_. ‘Lay.’ A. 28297: _feouwertyne niht him þuhte to lōg_.

537. _fel a knes_. Cf. 403 Note.

562, C. _þuȝte god_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 1145 (Wissmann); also ‘Ipomydon’ 599: _And of his comyng she was glad_; and ‘Lay.’ 13832; _for eouwer cumen ich æm bliðe_.

572. _vnbynd me of my pine_. Cf. ‘Fl. and Bl.’ 308: _of care vnbynde_.

573-4. _stille_ : _wille_. Cf. ‘Seven Sages’ (Weber III.) 485 (Wissmann).

581. _mestere_. Cf. ‘Sir Eglamour’ 252, The knight must accomplish “_dedes of armys thre_” before he can marry the princess. Cf. the similar conditions in ‘Guy of Warwick.’

586, L. _forsake_, ‘give up,’ ‘renounce.’ Cf. Wissmann’s Note and Ritson II. 70 ff., 159.

595. _gold ring_. The ring element is almost invariably present in mediaeval romance. Cf. ‘Guy of W.’ 7264; ‘Sir Eglamour’ 617-21; ‘Ipomydon’ 2060 ff.; ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1635 ff.; ‘Erl of Tolous’ 392, 1029, 1077; ‘Fl. and Bl.’ etc. Cf. also discussion of the subject in Child’s Engl. and Scot. Metr. Ballads I. pp. 194 ff.

607, C. _of drad_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 278: _Al Engelond was of him adrad_ (Wissmann).

619. _Leue at hire he nam_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 745-6: _They toke there leve at the quene. And wente forthe all by dene._

624. _blak so eny cole_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 2182: _rede as any blode_. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1515: _Vpon a stede whyt so mylke_. ‘Ipomydon’ 645: _That one_ (steed) _was white as any mylke_. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 824: _ded as ony stone_. ‘K. Horn’ 532 L H: _red so eny glede_.

628. _gan denie_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 27441: _þa eorðen gon to dunien_ (Wissmann). ‘Beowulf’ 226: _syrcan hrysedon_.

631-2. _while_ : _myle_. Cf. Wissmann’s Note with parallel references to ‘Lay.’ I. 248; ‘Squyr of Lowe Degree’ 489; ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 5, v. 103 (Ritson II.); also Wolfram’s Parz. 132, 16.

634. _heþene hunde_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28982, 29202, etc.: _heðene hundes alle_; ‘King of Tars.’ 92 (Ritson II.).

637-8. Cf. 44 Note.

640. _wordes bolde_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 2407: _And I say thee wordes bold_.

641-2. _wynne_ : _inne_. Cf. ‘Chron. of Engl.’ 465-6: _Engelond to bywynne And sle that ther weren ynne_ (Wissmann).

643. _swerd gripe_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 4471: _Her wepene he gunne þer to gripe_; also 5070.

649-50. _Abute horn al one_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 3885, 4403: _Al aboute þai gonne þringe_. Also ‘Guy of W.’ 1072: _And þey aboute syr Gye can goo_.

659, H. _maister_ gen. sing. Another trace of French influence on this text, the French gen. sing. without ending. Cf. _enimis_ 1024 H, Horns 123 L.

678, L H. _lite stounde_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 947; ‘Chron. of Engl.’ 469 (Wissmann).

681, C. _wile iȝolde_. Cf. ‘worth while.’ Cf. Wissmann’s parallel citations; ‘Life of Alex.’ 734; ‘Chron. of Eng.’ 871, etc.

684. _huntinge_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 937: _He rod on huntyng on a day_. ‘Guy of W.’ 1315: _On huntyng Gye went on a day_. Hunting was a favourite amusement at the time of the Danish invasions, as we know from the life of Alfred.

692, C. _sat on þe sunne_. The sun shone in the bower. Cf. Wissmann’s citation from The Squire of L. D.: _Anone that lady, fayr and fre, Vndyd a pynne of yvere, And wyd the windowes open set; The sonne schone in at her closet_.

710. _turne þine sweuene_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 25573: _Let þu mi sweuen to selþen iturnen_ (Wissmann).

716. _treuþe iþe pliȝte_. Cf. 321 Note.

729. _bi sture_ refers to one of the rivers Stour. Cf. like opinions of Mätzner and Wissmann.

731 ff. Cf. ‘Guy of W.’ 3065 ff.; ‘Amis and Amil.’ 781 ff.; and ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1000, for other instances of betrayal.

734. _berne_. Not clear. Cf. Mätzner, Ae. Sprachproben, p. 219.

740. _Vnder couerture_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 549: _In he cam to here bur and crape under hire couertour_ (Wissmann).

767-8, L H. Meaning somewhat obscure. Cf. Wissmann’s Note with somewhat parallel citation from ‘The Squire of L. D.’. 507 ff.: _his drawen swerd in his hande, There was no more with him wolde stande_.

779. _haue wel godneday_. Common form of parting salutation. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 26002, 32187 (Wissmann); also ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 106: _Lemman haue thou good day_. ‘Ipomydon’ 463: _Have good day; noue wille I fare_, etc.

780. _No leng abiden_. Cf. ‘King of Tars.’ 283, 314, 760: _The messengers nold no leng abide_. Also ‘Yw. and Gaw.’ (Ritson I.) 2673-4: _He said, No lenger dwell I ne may Beleves wele, and haves goday_. Cf. also ‘Assumption’ 142 C, 288 A.

783-4. _wune þere_ : _seue ȝere_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 29437-8, also 30088-9 (Wissmann). Seven years, like seven days, is a period of time conventional in romance. Cf. ‘Squire of L. D.’ 117: _I haue thee loved this seven yere_. Also ‘Beues’ 1274, 3835, 3897, etc. Cf. also Grimm, Rechtsalt. 214.

798. _Kep wel_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 2372: _I pray þe kepe wel Iosian_.

808. _westene londe_. Ireland, without a doubt. Westnesse as distinguished from estnesse; Aylmer’s kingdom as distinguished from Murry’s.

809, L H. _stonde_, spring up, rise. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 20509: _wind stod_.

827 ff. Cf. the description of the coming of Hengest (‘Lay.’ 13785 ff.).

829. _Also mot i sterue_. For other forms of asseveration cf. 179, 197, 365, 437, 709, 1131, 1259, etc.

831. _Ne saȝ i neure_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 13830-1: _bi dæie no bi nihtes ne sæh ich nauere ær swulche cnihtes_. Cf. also 180-2, also ‘Beowulf’ 246-7: _Næfre ic māran geseah eorla ofer eorþan þonne is ēower sum_.

834. Cf. 403 Note.

836. Cf. ‘Lay’ 13816 ff.

838, L. _hauen to done_. Cf. ‘Seven Sages’ 452: _With me ne hadde he neuer to done_. ‘Life of Alex.’ 1429: _There he hadde thought to done, Ac he hit aleyde sone_ (Wissmann).

839. _bitak ... to werie_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 3021 (Wissmann).

841. _faireste man_. ‘Lay.’ 13797-8: _þis weoren þe færeste men þat auere her comen_.

848. _Tak him þine glorie_. Cf. Wissmann, Note, also Kölbing (Engl. Stud. vi, 156). The glove had many significations. It might be used as a sign of challenge (cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 1100); or it might signify a handing over of authority from a superior to a subordinate (Grimm, Rechtsalt. 154, 4). It is in this latter way that Kölbing believes the word to be used here in Horn. When a prince for any reason left his land, he must leave some one behind, _to hold the court_ (‘Sir Tristrem,’ v. 1985), and must supply this one with the badge of authority. This opinion of Kölbing’s seems very plausible. It is interesting, however, to note two other uses of the glove. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 5696-1: _Thertoo I holde, Thertoo my glove_ (= ‘make agreement’). And ‘R. H.’ 909-11 C: _E horn uent cuntre li cumme il iest costumez, E lespée e les gaunz sire dist ca donez, Issil soleit faire ainz quil fust encusez_. The clue to the meaning might be suggested by either one of these phrases. One thing seems certain; in our poem (K. H.) the king’s meaning is that Horn should be left at home. This is the meaning in R. H. 2324-6: _Si alez doneer k’od vus ne le menez, K’il est de belté issi inluminez. Ke vus là ù il ert, petit serrez preisez._

861, C. _site stille_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28173, 24866: _sitteð adun stille cnihtes inne halle_ (Wissmann).

867 ff. Regarding the custom of single combat, cf. ‘Publ. of Mod. Lang. Assoc. of America’ xv. pp. 228, 230. Cf. also the triple combat in ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 5691 ff. Cf. also the Arundel MS. version (French) of ‘Havelok,’ in which Havelok overcomes Hadulf in single combat and thus regains his Danish kingdom.

876-7. _þat on_ : _þat oþer_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 29215-16: _him seoluen he heol þat ane, Isembard þat oðer_.

881-2. _to rede_ : _alle dede_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 118: _Louerd what schal me to rede_; Böddeker, G. L., ix. 16, _sone, what shal me to rede_ (Wissmann). Also ‘Lay.’ 13904-5: _her-of þou most ræden, oðer alle we beoð dæden_.

886. _wiþ_ used in the OE. sense ‘against.’ Cf. the use of _on_ (= ‘in’) and _at_, 619 Note. (= ‘from’) in Glossary.

895, H. _ros of bedde_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 6717: _þe king aros of bedde_ (Wissmann).

904, H. _to gedere smiten_. ‘Lay.’ 25605: _heo smiten heom to-gaderen_ (Wissmann).

909. _on a grene_. Inconsistent with ‘_at Cristesmasse_,’ v. 853.

911 ff. Cf. Wissmann’s Note.

921-2. _King Mory_. This is one of several references to a fuller, longer tale, in which Murry must have played a more important rôle. Cf. vv. 4 ff. and the abrupt introduction of Arnoldin, 1561.

925. _agrise_. Cf. ‘King of Tars.’ 1202: _so sore hem gan agrise_.

931. _rynge_. Unlike the ring in the Scotch ballads and in H. C. the ring in this version serves as a protection.

933-4. _smerte_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2646: _þorw þe brest unto þe herte þe dint bigan ful sore to smerte_ (Wissmann).

935. _sturne_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 25841, 6732 (Wissmann).

947-8, H. _stounde_ : _grounde_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 4537-8: _Soone, withinne a lytyl stounde The moste party yede to grounde_.

952. _fader_. OE. gen. sing. Cf. 116 ‘C. H.’

964 ff. Cf. the similar offer made to Brennes by Sequin, ‘Lay.’ 4919 ff.

974. _lofte_. In the sense ‘women’s apartments’ seems to be of Norse origin. Cf. Skeat, Etymol. Dict., also Wissmann, 928 Note. Cf. also 1050 L. It seems probable that the women’s apartments were in the ‘tower.’ Cf. also Kölbing (Engl. Stud. vi. 155).

1002-3. _dude_ seems to be used in the modern, intensive sense, and not as ‘cause to’ or ‘put.’

1010-11. For similar situations cf. ‘Guy of W.’ 1315-16: _On huntyng Gye went on a day, He mett a palmer by the way_. Also ‘Erl of Tolous’ 937-8: _He rode on huntyng on a day, A marchand mett he be þe way_. Cf. also ‘Beues’ 1300 ff.

1021-2. _wedde_ : _bedde_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 31126-7 B: _he þat maide weddede, and nam hire to his bedde_.

1024, H. _enimis_. Perhaps trace of OF. nom. sing. ending in _-s_, due to French scribe. Cf. 123 Note.

1034. _bidere_, error for _bitere_ (?).

1056. _wringe_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 876: _Hir handes fast gan she wrynge_.

1068. _linne_. Hortative (?).

1073. _kniȝt mid þe beste_. A common phrase. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 20449, etc.

1077-8. _sonde_ : _londe_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28676-7: _and sende his sonde wide ȝeond his londe_.

1089. _striken_. Stratmann suggests ‘strip.’

1091-2, H. _yronge_ : _ysonge_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 29441-2: _no belle irungen. no masse isunge._

1093. _word bigan to springe_. Cf. ‘Havel.’ 959: _of him ful wide þe word sprong_. ‘Lay.’ 26242: _Wel wide sprong þas eorles word_ (Wissmann). Also ‘King of Tars.’ 1065: _þe word wel wide sprong_. ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 264 ff.: _Hys name ys spronge wide_.

1102. _sprunge of stone_. The simile is one of quickness that of a spark from the stone in striking a light, like modern “quick as a flash.” Cf. _He sprange als any spark one glede_, ‘Sir Isumbras,’ 451.

1103-4. _mette_ : _grette_. A very common rime. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 31041-2: _þer he hine mette and fæire hine grette_. ‘Beues’ 2051-2: _þar wiþ a palmer he mette, And swiþe faire he him grette_.

1117. _nolde_. Cf. ‘Lay’ 28900: _and seiden þat he nolde_.

1118 L. _ispused wiþ golde_. Reference, probably, to an old custom of buying the bride.

1121. _Myd strencþe_. Cf. ‘Squire of L. D.’ 443 (Wissmann).

1132 ff. _chaungi wede_. Compare with this ‘Beues’ 2051 ff., where Beues meets a palmer, learns from him the news, exchanges garments with him, and in disguise goes to see Iosiane after an absence of seven years. Disguises are an almost universal feature of these mediaeval tales. Cf. Brian’s disguise in ‘Pierre de Langt.’ (Rolls Series), pp. 248-350. Cf. also disguises in ‘Guy of W.’, ‘Layamon’ (17637 ff.), ‘Ypomydon,’ ‘Rich. C. de L.,’ ‘Isumbras,’ etc. They are frequent in Germanic story from the stories of Thor down.

1134. _sclauyne_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 611-12: _with pyke and with sclavyn, As palmers were in Paynim_.

1139. _horn his_ = Hornes, evidently due to scribe’s mistake in hearing.

1144. _bicolmede_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 17700-1, _iblæcched he hæfde his licame: swulc ismitte of cole_.

1147-8. _gateward_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 245-6: _They com to the castelle-gate, The porter was redy there at_.

1155. _abugge_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 3841, 8159 (Wissm.).

1158, L. _rake_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 2183: _Let me wiþ þe reke_.

1164. _ȝerne_. Cf. Ritson, II. 25, 589: _þe mayde cryde yerne_ (Wissm.).

1184 ff. Cf. the story of Brian, ‘Lay.’ III., pp. 234-8: Brian, disguised as a palmer, enters the banqueting hall. Galarne, his sister, the queen, serves the guests to drink from a bowl. She recognizes Brian, and gives him a ring in token of recognition.

1185-6. _benche_ : _schenche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 14963-4: _& heo gon scenchen on þas kinges benche_. Cf. also ‘Beowulf,’ 1226-54.

1190. _so laȝe was in londe_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’: _Thenne as hit was lawe of land_ (Wissm.).

1191-2. _Hye drank of þe bere To knyt and to squiere_. An old Germanic custom. Cf. Wissmann, ‘Untersuchungen’ (‘Q. u. F.’ xvi. Strassb., 1876), p. 110.

1202. _brune_. Cf. Wissm., 1142 Note, also Kölbing (‘Engl. Stud.’ vi. 156). Wissmann takes _brun_ to be a collective referring to ‘beer.’ Kölbing, with greater probability, takes _brun_ to mean an ordinary brown horn, as distinguished from the _cuppe white_, which she has laid down, 1201.

1204. _glotoun_. The same phrase in Wolfram’s ‘Parz.’: _si wænde, er wære ein garzūn_ (Wissm.).

1206. _þing_, probably a mistake for _ring_. Cf. 479-80.

1240. _vnder wude liȝe_. Cf. ‘Lay’: _Ich eou wille leden forð to mine lauerd i þon wade rime þer he under rise lið_ (Wissm.).

1259. _bi seint gile_. Cf. Wissm. 1197 Note. Cf. also 829 Note.

1275. _custe_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 401: _And kyssyde hyt fele sythe_. Cf. also 425 Note.

1281-2. _Heo feol on hire bedde_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 871, 875: _He hent a knyfe with all his mayn ... And fell {in} swoun upon hys bedd_; also ‘Ipomydon’ 871 ff.: _Uppon hyr bedde she gan downe falle_. Cf. also 458, 792.

1282, H. _gredde_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 2151: _After Bonefas ȝhe gan grede_.

1297, L, H. _kuste_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 15017-18, 5012-14.

1304. _wroþe_. Cf. 366 Note.

1311-12. _bure_ : _ture_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2072-3: _I shal lene þe a bowr þat is up in þe heye tour_.

1321-2. _ywis_ : _blis_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 7605-7 B: _Mochel was þe blisse þat hii makede mid iwisse_.

1335. _wunder_. Cf. Mätzner 1247 Note.

1336. _falsede_. Early instance of a hybrid word.

1398. _crouch_. Lat. _crucem_, OE. _cruce_.

1410. _hym agros_. Cf. 925 Note.

1419. _kepe þis passage_. Cf. ‘Beowulf’ 230 ff.: _se þe holmclifu healdan scolde_, etc.

1420. _of age_. This phrase seems to have very nearly its modern meaning, and if so, is probably the earliest recorded instance. Cf. New Oxford Dict.

1422. _bi este_ C, _by weste_ L H. This confusion, here as elsewhere, seems due to changing points of view. _Westernesse_ is of course west to _Suddenne_, and both are east to _Yrlonde_.

1428. _þe riȝte_, direct. Cf. Wissmann, 1356 Note.

1462. _I blessed beo þe time_. Cf. ‘Havel.’ 1215; ‘Chron. of Engl.’ 705 (Wissmann).

1465-6. _teche_ : _speche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 26544: _for þus we eou scullen techen ure Bruttisce speche_, and 26834: _Nu is we wulle teche Bruttisce spæche_. For a very similar use cf. ‘Lay.’ 18424-25: _we scullen heom to teon & tiðende tellen_; 20605-6, _and we heom sculleð tellen Bruttisce {spelles}_; 21698, _sorhfulle spelles_; 24942, _ȝeomere spelles_. In all these instances, as in the phrase in K. H., the meaning seems to be to inflict dire punishment. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 23503-4: _& techen heō to riden þene wæi touward Romen_.

1467-8. _sle_ : _fle_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 6417-18: _oðer mid fure he lette hom slæn · oðer he heom lette quic flan_. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 27376-7, 29049-50; ‘Life of Alex.’ 1734 (Wissmann). Cf. also ‘Havelok,’ 612: _He shal hem hangen, or quik flo_. For details of the flaying, cf. ‘Havelok’ 2492 ff.

1469. _horn to blowe_. In both French versions of ‘Havelok,’ Havelok proves his identity in Denmark by his ability to blow the horn which Sigar presents to him, and which no one else can blow. Cf. also ‘Beues’ 3377: _Saber is horn began to blow, þat his ost him scholde knowe_. Cf. also Roland’s horn in the Song of Roland and a similar incident in the German romance, ‘König Rother.’

1481-2. _wurche_ : _churche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 10205-6: _chirchen he lettē areren monie & wel iwhare_; also 29531-2.

1483-4. _ringe_ : _singe_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 242: _Belles he deden sone ringen, monkes and prestes masse singen_ (Wissmann).

1487, L. _cleten_. Scribal error for _clepten_.

1501-2, L H. _ston ... lym ..._ The combination of stone and lime is probably a sign of French influence on MSS. L and H. Cf. R. H. 5047: _de pere e de furment_. Cf. also ‘Erl of Tolous’ 467: _Was made of lyme and stone_; also ‘Sir Eglamour,’ 252.

1509-10. _wende_ : _schende_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 1793-9: _Þe kaisere wende Walwaī to scende_.

1516-17. For mode of marriage cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 185-8.

1518. _newe werke_. Cf. ‘Rob. of Glouc.’ p. 449 (Wissmann).

1536. _wunder_ = harm, evil. Cf. Mätzner, 1247 Note, 1422 Note.

1537. _wundes fiue_. Cf. ‘King of Tars.’ 57: _þat suffred wowndes fiue_.

1574. _ginne_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 30567: _þurh nanes cunnes giñe_ (Wissmann).

FLORIS AND BLAUNCHEFLUR.

2, T. _þe cristen woman_, the captive mother of Blauncheflur.

28, T. _louyd togeder_, a French idiom, _s’entr’amoient_.

72, T. _Boþ by day and by nyȝt_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 275 Note.

77, T. _þat oþer_, preservation of the OE. definite inflected form, _þæt_, source of modern English dialect ‘tother.’

80, T. _ben ... wo_. Cf. 142 T, and ‘K. Horn,’ 121 Note.

100, T. _fel to_, was due. Cf. Bradl.-Stratm. _fallen_.

110, T. _wore_ : _lore_. Cf. _were_ : _fere_, 82.

113-14, T. _sykes_, _lernes_, _mornes_. These forms seem due to Northern influence on MS. T.

140, T. _Let do bring forth_. A curious combination. ‘Let’ is beginning to usurp the place of ‘do’ in the sense of ‘cause to.’ Cf. 155 T, 211 T, 434 C, etc.

168, T ff. In these allusions to other romances are to be found the most certain clues as to the time of composition of ‘Fl. and Bl.’

193, T. _at oone_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 997 Note.

194, T. _Amyral_, emir, saracen ruler.

210, T. _wyrche_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 1481.

226, T. _chargeþ_. Error for _targeþ_. Cf. MS. Cott.

227, T. _noome_, gone. Cf. _vndernome_, 152, 219 T.

250, T. _ronne on hye_, ran to the chamber above.

270, T. _wept_. Cott. has the older form _wep_. Cf., however, _Aryst_ (: _atwist_), 869 T and 589 C, and Cott.

272, T. _So swete a þing_. Cf. v. 525, also ‘K. Horn,’ 473 C, Note.

338, T. _care vnbynde_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 572.

341-2, T. _devyse_ : _prys_. These words have a meaning somewhat different from the modern meaning. _Deuyse_ means direction, supervision; _prys_ means value. Like _charged_ 343, and _monay_ 345, they are French words with French meanings.

343, T. _charged_, loaded. Fr. influence.

345, T. _monay_, small money. Fr. influence.

376, T. _douȝt_. This use of _ȝ_ where it has no right etymologically shows that it was no longer pronounced. Cf. _anooneryȝt_ : _white_ 766 T.

40, C. _nabit_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 1211 L., H.

67, C. _Fort he dide slep him nome_. ‘Until the dead sleep seized him.’ _Fort he_ comes from _for to he_ (Hausknecht).

76, C. _parais_. A French form. The _-d-_ shaded out in French about 1110.

110, C. _pane of meniuier_. Cf. Hausknecht’s Note. Hausknecht reads: _I paned al wiþ meniver_, supplied with panes of meniver. _Meniuier_ (_menu_ + _vair_) means a kind of fur, probably of squirrel.

145, C. _in alle halue_. Cf. Map, 338, _on alle halve_ (Bradl.-Stratm.).

173, C. _furtenniȝt_, a journey of a fortnight. (?)

176, C. _amidde riȝt_, right in the middle of. Cf. also 182.

231, C. _kernel_ (_kanel_), canal (Hausknecht).

275, C. _spray_. Cf. Bradl.-Stratm.

300, C. _þonur_ (_þe_ + _honur_).

304, C. _bulmeþ_, error for _welmeþ_. (?)

308, C. _for do_, old force of _for-_. Cf. Germ. _ver-_.

448, C. _hire stonde_. Trace of gram. gender. Cf. Hausknecht, 854 Note.

465, C. _lepe_. Cf. Hausknecht, 875 Note.

486, C. _Ho_, who so. Early instance of loss of _w-_.

497, C. _forȝe me_ (_forȝete me_).

513, C. _ileste a mile_, time to go a mile. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 631-2 Note.

536, C. _pal_. Cf. Hausknecht, 952 Note.

589, C. _arist_ (: _atwist_). Early instance of a strong verb become weak.

597, C. _piler_, the pillar in the tower, the one in which the water-pipe runs. Cf. 223-232 C.

937, T. _withdrowȝ_, restrained. Rare in this sense.

941, T. _soord_. Hausknecht reads _soon_.

960, T. _kinde of man_. Fr. _nature_. _Kind_ is felt to be no longer an exact equivalent of _nature_; hence in T, _of man_ is added.

692, 697, C. _him_. Further traces of grammatical gender. Cf. 448, C Note.

988, T. _lygge_. Read _bygge_. French _racatassent_.

718, C. _biknewe_. Cf. Glossary.

1007, T. _ne getest not_. Scribal error. Cf. C and A.

1009, T. _on lyue_. Mod. Engl. alive. Cf. _adown_, _a-fishing_, etc.

1011-12, T. _byne_ : _moyne_. _byne_ not clear; _moyne_ error for _myne_. (?)

1017, T. _tyre_ (tear), did struggle toward her.

814, C. _ȝeld here while_, paid for their pains. Cf. ‘worth while.’

ASSUMPTION.

4, C. _lescoun_, reading. Lat. _lectiones_.

7, 8, C. _blessi_ : _herkni_. Cf. _blessyth_ : _herkenythe_ F, _blis_ : _herkenis_ D.

15, 16, C. _also_ : _mo_. H and F have _also_ : _two_.

19-22. Add. Not in H or D, or F.

21-2, C. _red_ : _ded_. The scribe has neglected to cross his _d_ to make _ð_. D 21-2 has _beth_ : _deth_.

17-44, C. Omitted in F.

29-30, C. _weop_ : _fet_. _let_ : _fet_ in H and D.

33-4, C. _fless_ : _was_. H and D have _blode_ : _mode_.

41-2, C. Not in H, or F, or D.

51-56, C. In D (49-54) all is told in a command to John. F (25-32) follows D rather than C in rimes.

59-60, C. _were_ : _forbere_. F (35-5) has _saumpull_ : _tempull_. D (57-8) has _exemple_ : _temple_.

61-2, C. _þore_ : _more_. Cf. F (37-8) _more_ : _ore_, D (59-60) _more_ : _lore_.

63-4, C. Not in F or D.

69-70. _fedde_ : _bedde_. Cf. F (43-4), D (65-6): _Therfore þey loued hur well all_ (D is substantially, not exactly, the same as F): _And sche hyt seruyd wele with all_ F.

[[The rimes are at 65-66, C, and 71-72, A.]]

70-1, C. _slep_ : _kep_. Cf. F (45-6) and D (67-8):

_Besy sche hur made þat swete may_
_hur sone to serue nyght and day._ F.

and H 67-8:

_besy shee was day and nyght_
_for to serue god almyght._

75-88, C. Not in F.

80-86, C. Cf. D (76-80):

_al þat sche wolde he dide sone_
_Crist hem sette boþe Iliche_
_In to þe blisse of heuene riche_
_But whan mane þat mayden hende_
_Schulde out of þis world wende._

Cf. also H (75-78):

_Crist ham blessid bothe y liche_
_that sone hem brought to heuen riche._
_Tho Marie that mayden hende_
_shuld out of this world wende,_
_Crist here sent an Angel fro heuen._

97-8, C. _quen_ : _ben_. Cf. F (57-8):

_That hye flowre þat groweþ on a tree_
_Mary modyr he sent to the._

also D (91-2):

_þe lilye flour þat grew on the_
_Mayden & moder wel the be._

also H (89-90):

_lady þe flour that come of the_
_mayde and moder y-heried þu be._

103-4, C. _þinge_ : _bringe_. Cf. _brynge_ : _tithynge_. F (61-2), D (97-8), H (95-6).

107-8, C. _beo_ : _þe_. Cf. _come_ : _wone_. F (65-6), D (101-2), H (99-100).

110, C. _meigne_. Cf. F 68, D 104, H 102, _plente_.

121-2, Add. F, D, and H have these verses and an additional couplet: _lady swete y say to the That here schall þow no lengur be_. F (75-6.) D and H have substantially the same.

116, C. _hire by_. F, D, and H have _belamy_ in agreement with Add.

121-2, C. _kenesmen_ : _beon_. Cf. H 118: _and of my frendes that y kene_.

127-8, C. _come_ : _aboue_. Cf. H (123-4), _come_ : _doune_.

131-2, C. _lefdy_ : _belamy_. Cf. H (127-8):

_Then seid Marie to þat angel fre._
_What is thi name tel thu me._

139-146, C. Cf. F (101-4):

_The aungell to heuene wande_
_Whan he had seyde hys errande_
_Mary toke that palme in honde_
_and thoght moche of þat sonde._

D (135-8) has substantially the same. H (135-8) has, _yede_ : _seide_, _hond_ : _sond_.

151-2, C. _idon_ : _on_. Cf. F (109-10) _ydo_ : _to_, D (143-4) _ido_ : _to_.

162, C. _vnriȝt_. Cf. F (154): _boþe be dayes & be nyght_; do. D (154), H (154).

164, C. _dred_. H, F, and D have _qued_ : _for I dowte me of þe quede_, F 156.

177-180 C. _wo_ : _fo_, _so_ : _to_. F (137-40) has _bone_ : _sone_, _also_ : _to_. D (171-4) has the same rimes. H (171-4) has _bone_ : _sone_, _also_ : _tho_.

190, C. _idriȝt_. F (148), D (172), and H (182) have _plight_.

193-4, C. _ded_ : _ned_. F (151-2), D (185-6) have _pyne_ : _tyme_. H does not have these verses.

199-200, C. Cf. F (157-60):

_And sayde lady how may thys be_
_yf thow wynde sory we bee._
_lady thou haste seruyd vs so_
_allas how schall we the for goo._

D (191-4) has _be_ : _we_, _so_ : _go_. H (189-92) has:

_and seid lady how may this be_
_Yf þu wendist how shal we do_
_lady whi dos thu serue vs so_
_how shal we then lady do._

213-14, C. _to_ : _so_. Cf. F (173-4):

_ye schall see a wondur dreche_
_whan my sone wole me fecche._

D (207-8):

_schal no sorwe me drecche_
_for my sone wile me fecche._

H (203-6):

_ther shal me no sorow dery_
_for my sone wol me wery._
_my body shal haue no woo_
_for Ihesus sake to whom y go._

219-20, C. _kyng_ : _geng_. Cf. F (179-80):

_he þat y bare my leue sone_
_schall sende me aungellys {soon}_

D (213-14):

_he þat I bar my leue sone_
_wile þat good folk to me come._

H (209-10):

_he þat y bare my lef sone_
_he wol sende other come._

226, C. Two lines are omitted here. Cf. F (187-8).

_Seynt John wyste ther of noght._
_what tydyng þat the angell broȝt._

With F agree D (221-2) and H (217-18).

231-4, C. _chere_ : _dere_, _blis_ : _is_. Cf. F (193-96):

_Than thou haddyst ony schame_
_where þorow Ihc myȝt me blame._
_and y schall neuyr blythe bee_
_Tyll y wott what eyleyth {the}._

D (227-30) agrees with F. H (223-26) has the rimes, _shame_ : _blame_, _the_ : _be_.

247, H. _glad_. F (210) has:

_Thou haste me bothe fedd and ladd._

C (244) has:

_boþe þou feddist me & clad._

251-262, H. Not in D.

261-2, H. _sone_ : _come_. F 223-4 has _abouen_ : _comen_.

274, H. _foly_. F (236) and D (258) have _velane_.

275, H. _oure allere dright_. F (237) has: _that ys so bryght_. D (199) has: _king ful of Right_.

277-80, H. D has only two lines (261-2):

_Seynt John answerid tho_
_Swete ladi what schal I do._

289-92 H. _deth_ : _meth_, _fro_ : _woo_. Not in D. F (251-4) has _dyght_ : _ryght_, _froo_ : _twoo_.

298, H. At this point there follow in D (277-80):

_For soþe þouh I go before_
_Schalt þou no þing ben for lore._
_I schal bidde my leue sone,_
_þat þou may to vs come._

301-2, H. _beforn_ : _com_. D (283-4) has _manere_ : _there_.

303 ff., H. From this point F and D follow Add. (309-340).

320, Add. Here D (299-300) has two lines not in Add. or F:

_Telle þou me my leue fere_
_Whi þou makist so drere chere_

322, Add. _mon_. F (240): _Why I wepe anone_.

332, Add. F (301-2) and D (313-14) have two extra lines here:

_So helpe me Ihesus_
_y not how y come to thys howse._

355-6, Add. _wham_ : _cam_. F (305-6) _whom_ : _come_. D 317-18 _nouht_ : _brouht_.

347 ff., F. At this point there is a transposition in Add. D and F agree in the main. After 346 A there follow in F (317-337):

_Come now forthe now with me_
_all before hur knele wee_
_And seyde lady well thou be_
_Thy sone vs hath sent to the_ 320
_To serue the & be the by_
_For now we be come to the lady_
_anodur thyng seynt John_
_To {the} apostolys oon be oon_
_loke whan ye come ther yn_ 325
_ye schall see many of hur kynne_
_That sory semblant they make_
_and sore wepe for hur sake_
_But make we alle feyre chere_
_For hur frendys that ben there_ 330
_Than went þe apostelys oon lasse þen {xii}_
_Euyn before oure lady hur selfe_
_Into the chaumbur þat sche was ynne_
_and many moo of hur kynne_
_On kneys they sett them ylke oon_ 335
_As them badd seynt John_
_They seyde lady heuene queue_ etc.

357-8, Add. _alle_ : _falle_. Cf. 331-2 above; also D 343-4.