Chapter IV: Part III: The True Labour Policy

XIX The Outlook of the Worker 211

Ignorance about Industry—Misconceptions as to
Wages—Discontent and its Causes—Effect of Bad
Environment—Fear of Unemployment—Dissatisfaction
with Status in Industry—Belief in Agitation—Desire
for Improvement—Low Conception of Work—Suspicion of
Employers—The Worker and his Trade Union—The Worker and the
Community.

XX Reform of Industry instead of Socialization 222

The Three Dominant Aspirations of the Workers—Can and
Ought they to be Satisfied?—The Vagueness of Labour’s
Scheme of Reconstruction—The Recent Change in Labour’s
Proposals—Reform of Industry _v._ Reconstruction.

XXI The Human Relationships to be Rectified in Industry 230

Capital and the Administrative Staff—Capital and the Manual
Workers—The Manual Workers _inter se_—The Administrative
Staff and the Manual Workers—Industry and the Consuming
Community—Industry and the Nation.

XXII The Right Relationship of Government to Industry 235

1. The Policy for the Present Depression.—Establishment
of International Peace—Reduction of National
Expenditure—Lowering of Taxation—Stabilizing the
Exchanges—Revision of Financial Policy—Reconsideration
of Reparations Policy—Inter-Allies Debts—Export
Credits—Bringing down Costs of Production.

XXIII The Right Relationship of Government to Industry 246

2. The Normal Position Of Government in Relation to
Industry.—Regulation of Factory Conditions—Conciliation
and not Intervention—Protection of the Community—Wages
in Unorganized Industries—Industrial Research—Need of a
Real Ministry of Labour—Regulation of Combinations and
Monopolies.

XXIV The Right Relationship between Employers and Employed 256

1. Contentment in Industry.—(_a_) Provision against
Unemployment.—Equalization of Demand for Labour—Insurance
against Unemployment—Need of a Job-Finding
Organization—Insurance by State or Industry—State
Insurance—Insurance by Industry or Industries—Reform of
Present Outdoor Relief System—Unemployment Insurance by
Firms.

XXV The Right Relationship between Employers and Employed 263

1. Contentment in Industry.—(_b_) Human Status of the
Worker in Industry.—The Slowness of Ordinary Conciliation
Machinery—The Whitley Councils Scheme—Joint National
and District Industrial Councils—Works’ Committees—The
Slow Progress of Works’ Committees—The Success of Works’
Committees on the Clyde—Executive Management a Matter for
Employers.

XXVI The Right Relationship between Employers and Employed 271

1. Contentment in Industry.—(_c_) Remuneration of the
Worker.—Uniform National Wages—Wage Relationships
among the Workers—Wages and the Community—Are Higher
Wages Practicable?—The Settlement of Wages—Systems of
Remuneration—What is a Fair Wage?—Other Essentials to
Industrial Contentment.

XXVII The Right Relationship between Employers and Employed 280

2. Co-operation in Industry.—The Workers’ Own Resort to
Co-operation—The Marxian Argument against Co-operation—Some
Workshop Applications—The Marxian Fallacy of the Origin of
Capital—The Marxian Fallacy of Value—The Need of Sympathy
in Workshop Life—The Need of Strict Justice—The Money Value
of Sympathy in Industry—The Sympathetic Handling of Labour
a Special Art—An Illustration of its Successful Application.

XXVIII The Right Relationship between Employers and Employed 290

3. Production in Industry.—The Importance of
Production—What Production Depends on—The Workers’
Notion of the Secret Fund—“Passing it on”—The Workers’
Belief in Restricted Output—Introduction of Time- and
Labour-Saving Appliances—Payment by Results—Subdivision and
Simplification of Process—No “Niggling” at Prices.

XXIX The Right Relationship between Industry and the Community 303

The Formation of Sound Public Opinion—The Responsibility of
the Consumer—The Duty of the Citizen.

Index 313