Chapter IX: Part 9

[Sidenote: Reasons moving us to set diversity of senses in the margin, where there is great probability for each. πάντα τὰ ἀναγκαῖα δῆλα.] Some peradventure would have no variety of senses to be set in the margin, lest the authority of the Scriptures for deciding of controversies by that shew of uncertainty should somewhat be shaken. But we hold their judgment not to be so sound in this point. For though _whatsoever things are necessary are manifest_, as St. _Chrysostome_ saith; [Sidenote: _St. Chrysost. in 2 Thess. cap. 2. St. Aug. 2. De doctr. Christ, c. 9._] and, as St. _Augustine_, _in those things that are plainly set down in the Scriptures all such matters are found, that concern faith, hope, and charity_: Yet for all that it cannot be dissembled, that partly to exercise and whet our wits, partly to wean the curious from lothing of them for their every where plainness, partly also to stir up our devotion to crave the assistance of God’s Spirit by prayer, and lastly, that we might be forward to seek aid of our brethren by conference, and never scorn those that be not in all respects so complete as they should be, being to seek in many things, ourselves, it hath pleased God in his Divine Providence here and there to scatter words and sentences of that difficulty and doubtfulness, not in doctrinal points that concern salvation, (for in such it hath been vouched that the Scriptures are plain,) but in matters of less moment, that fearfulness would better beseem us than confidence, and if we will resolve, to resolve upon modesty with St. _Augustine_, [Sidenote: _St. August. lib. 8. De Gen. ad liter. cap. 5._] (though not in this same case altogether, yet upon the same ground,) _Melius est dubitare de occultis, quam litigare de incertis_: It is better to make doubt of those things which are secret, than to strive about those things that are uncertain. [Sidenote: ἅπαξ λεγόμενα.] There be many words in the Scriptures, which be never found there but once, (having neither brother nor neighbour, as the _Hebrews_ speak,) so that we cannot be holpen by conference of places. Again, there be many rare names of certain birds, beasts, and precious stones, &c. concerning which the _Hebrews_ themselves are so divided among themselves for judgment, that they may seem to have defined this or that, rather because they would say something, than because they were sure of that which they said, [Sidenote: _Hier. in Ezek. cap. 3._] as St. _Hierome_ somewhere saith of the _Septuagint_. Now in such a case doth not a margin do well to admonish the Reader to seek further, and not to conclude or dogmatize upon this or that peremptorily? For as it is a fault of incredulity, to doubt of those things that are evident; so to determine of such things as the Spirit of God hath left (even in the judgment of the judicious) questionable, can be no less than presumption. [Sidenote: _St. Aug. 2. De doctr. Christ. c. 1._] Therefore as St. _Augustine_ saith, that variety of translations is profitable for the finding out of the sense of the Scriptures: so diversity of signification and sense in the margin, where the text is not so clear, must needs do good; yea, is necessary, as we are persuaded. [Sidenote: _Sixtus 5. Præf. Bibl._] We know that _Sixtus Quintus_ expressly forbiddeth that any variety of readings of their vulgar edition should be put in the margin; (which though it be not altogether the same thing to that we have in hand, yet it looketh that way;) but we think he hath not all of his own side his favourers for this conceit. They that are wise had rather have their judgments at liberty in differences of readings, than to be captivated to one, when it may be the other. [Sidenote: _Plat. in Paulo secundo._] If they were sure that their high priest had all laws shut up in his breast, as _Paul_ the Second bragged, and that he were as free from error by special privilege, as the dictators of _Rome_ were made by law inviolable, it were another matter; then his word were an oracle, his opinion a decision. [Sidenote: ὁμοιοπαφής Τρωτὸς γ’ ἡ χρώς ἐστι.] But the eyes of the world are now open, God be thanked, and have been a great while; they find that he is subject to the same affections and infirmities that others be, that his body is subject to wounds; and therefore so much as he proveth, not as much as he claimeth, they grant and embrace.

[Sidenote: Reasons inducing us not to stand curiously upon an identity of phrasing.] Another thing we think good to admonish thee of, gentle Reader, that we have not tied ourselves to an uniformity of phrasing, or to an identity of words, as some peradventure would wish that we had done, because they observe, that some learned men somewhere have been as exact as they could that way. Truly, that we might not vary from the sense of that which we had translated before, if the word signified the same thing in both places, [Sidenote: πολύσημα.] (for there be some words that be not of the same sense every where,) we were especially careful, and made a conscience, according to our duty. But that we should express the same notion in the same particular word; as for example, if we translate the _Hebrew_ or _Greek_ word once by _purpose_, never to call it _intent_; if one where _journeying_, never _travelling_; if one where _think_, never _suppose_; if one where _pain_, never _ache_; if one where _joy_, never _gladness_, &c. thus to mince the matter, we thought to savour more of curiosity than wisdom, and that rather it would breed scorn in the atheist, than bring profit to the godly reader. For is the kingdom of God become words or syllables? Why should we be in bondage to them, if we may be free? use one precisely, when we may use another no less fit as commodiously? [Sidenote: Abed. _Niceph. Calist. lib. 8. cap. 42. St. Hieron. in 4 Jonæ. See St. Aug. Epist. 10._] A godly Father in the primitive time shewed himself greatly moved, that one of newfangledness called κραββάτον, σκίμπους, though the difference be little or none; and another reporteth, that he was much abused for turning _cucurbita_ (to which reading the people had been used) into _hedera_. Now if this happen in better times, and upon so small occasions, we might justly fear hard censure, if generally we should make verbal and unnecessary changings. We might also be charged (by scoffers) with some unequal dealing towards a great number of good _English_ words. For as it is written of a certain great Philosopher, that he should say, that those logs were happy that were made images to be worshipped; for their fellows, as good as they, lay for blocks behind the fire: so if we should say, as it were, unto certain words, Stand up higher, have a place in the Bible always; and to others of like quality, Get you hence, be banished for ever; we might be taxed peradventure with St. _James’s_ words, namely, _To be partial in ourselves, and judges of evil thoughts_. [Sidenote: λεπτολογία. ὰδολεοχία τὸ σπουδάζειν ἐπὶ ὀνόμασι. _See Euseb._ προπαρασκ. _lib. 2. ex Plat._] Add hereunto, that niceness in words was always counted the next step to trifling; and so was to be curious about names too: also that we cannot follow a better pattern for elocution than God himself; therefore he using divers words in his holy writ, and indifferently for one thing in nature: we, if we will not be superstitious, may use the same liberty in our _English_ versions out of _Hebrew_ and _Greek_, for that copy or store that he hath given us. Lastly, we have on the one side avoided the scrupulosity of the Puritanes, who leave the old Ecclesiastical words, and betake them to other, as when they put _washing_ for _baptism_, and _congregation_ instead of _Church_: as also on the other side we have shunned the obscurity of the Papists, in their _azymes_, _tunike_, _rational_, _holocausts_, _prepuce_, _pasche_, and a number of such like, whereof their late translation is full, and that of purpose to darken the sense, that since they must needs translate the Bible, yet by the language thereof it may be kept from being understood. But we desire that the Scripture may speak like itself, as in the language of _Canaan_, that it may be understood even of the very vulgar.

Many other things we might give thee warning of, gentle Reader, if we had not exceeded the measure of a preface already. It remaineth that we commend thee to God, and to the Spirit of his grace, which is able to build further than we can ask or think. He removeth the scales from our eyes, the vail from our hearts, opening our wits that we may understand his word, enlarging our hearts, yea, correcting our affections, that we may love it above gold and silver, yea, that we may love it to the end. [Sidenote: Gen. 26. 15.] Ye are brought unto fountains of living water which ye digged not; do not cast earth into them, with the Philistines, neither prefer broken pits before them, with the wicked Jews. [Sidenote: Jer. 2. 13.] Others have laboured, and you may enter into their labours. O receive not so great things in vain: O despise not so great salvation. Be not like swine to tread under foot so precious things, neither yet like dogs to tear and abuse holy things. Say not to our Saviour with the _Gergesites_, [Sidenote: Matt. 8. 35. Heb. 12. 16.] Depart out of our coasts; neither with _Esau_ sell your birthright for a mess of pottage. If light be come into the world, love not darkness more than light: if food, if clothing, be offered, go not naked, starve not yourselves. [Sidenote: _Nazianz._ περὶ ἁγ βαπτ. Δεινὸν πανήγυριν παρελφεῖν, καὶ τηνικαῦτα πραγματείαν ἐπιζητεῖν.] Remember the advice of _Nazianzene_, _It is a grievous thing_ (or dangerous) _to neglect a great fair, and to seek to make markets afterwards_: also the encouragement of St. _Chrysostome_, _It is altogether impossible, that he that is sober_ (and watchful) _should at any time be neglected_: lastly, the admonition and menancing of St. _Augustine_, _They that despise God’s will inviting them shall feel God’s will taking vengeance of them_. [Sidenote: _St. Chrysost. in Epist. ad Rom. c. 14._] It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God; [Sidenote: _orat. 26. in_ ἠθικ. Ἀμήχανον, σφόδρα άμήχανον.] but a blessed thing it is, and will bring us to everlasting blessedness in the end, when God speaketh unto us, to hearken; when he setteth his word before us, to read it; when he stretcheth out his hand and calleth, to answer, Here am I, here we are to do thy will, O God. [Sidenote: _St. August, ad artic. sibi falso object. Art. 16._ Heb. 10. 31.] The Lord work a care and conscience in us to know him and serve him, that we may be acknowledged of him at the appearing of our Lord JESUS CHRIST, to whom with the Holy Ghost be all praise and thanksgiving. Amen.

(G.)

_THE REVISERS OF A.D. 1568._

The twelve bishops who are mentioned as taking part with Archbishop Parker in this revision, are:

William Alley, Bishop of Exeter.

William Barlow, Bishop of Chichester.

Thomas Bentham, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield.

Nicholas Bullingham, Bishop of Lincoln.

Richard Cox, Bishop of Ely.

Richard Davies, Bishop of St. Davids (Menevensis).

Edmund Grindal, Bishop of London.

Edmund Guest (or Geste), Bishop of Rochester.

Robert Horne, Bishop of Winchester.

John Parkhurst, Bishop of Norwich.

Edwin Sandys, Bishop of Worcester.

Edmund Scambler, Bishop of Peterborough.

The other church dignitaries who are mentioned are:

Andrew Pearson, Canon of Canterbury.

Andrew Perne, Prebendary of Ely.

Thomas Beacon, Prebendary of Canterbury.

Gabriel Goodman, Dean of Westminster.

At the end of sixteen of the books are placed initials, which are evidently those of the revisers. These, with more or less of certainty, have been identified with names given in the above list.[147] They are as follows, and in the following order:

Deuteronomy W. E. Bishop of Exeter.
2 Samuel R. M. Bishop of St. Davids.
2 Chronicles E. W. Bishop of Worcester.
Job A. P. _C_ Andrew Pearson.
Psalms[148] T. B. Thomas Beacon.
Proverbs A. P. _C_ Andrew Pearson.
Canticles A. P. _E_ Andrew Perne.
Lamentations R. W. Bishop of Winchester.
Daniel T. C.L. Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield.
Malachi E. L. Bishop of London.
Wisdom W. C. Bishop of Chichester.
2 Maccabees J. N. Bishop of Norwich.
Acts R. E. Bishop of Ely.
Romans R. E. Bishop of Ely.
1 Corinthians G. G. Gabriel Goodman.

From a list of the revisers, enclosed in a letter from Parker to Cecil, dated October 5th, 1568, and now in the State Paper Office, we may further gather that the Catholic Epistles and the Apocalypse were revised by Bishop Bullingham, the Gospels of Luke and John by Bishop Scambler, and that the portions undertaken by Parker himself were Genesis, Exodus, Matthew, Mark, and the Epistles from 2 Corinthians to Hebrews inclusive.[149]

(H.)

_THE REVISERS OF 1611._

In the collection of Records appended to the Second Part of Bishop Burnet’s _History of the Reformation of the Church of England_, there is given a list of the Revisers of 1611, copied, as the writer tells us,[150] from the paper of Bishop Ravis himself, one of the number. The list is thus given:[151]

WESTMINSTER (1). Mr. Dean of Westminster, Mr. Dean of Pauls, Mr.
Doctor Saravia, Mr. Doctor Clark, Mr. Doctor Leifield, Mr. Doctor
Teigh, Mr. Burleigh, Mr. King, Mr. Tompson, Mr. Beadwell.

CAMBRIDGE (1). Mr. Livelye, Mr. Richardson, Mr. Chatterton, Mr.
Dillingham, Mr. Harrison, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Spalding, Mr. Burge.

OXFORD (1). Doctor Harding, Dr. Reynolds, Dr. Holland, Dr. Kilbye, Mr.
Smith, Mr. Brett, Mr. Fairclough.

CAMBRIDGE (2). Doctor Dewport, Dr. Branthwait, Dr. Radclife, Mr. Ward
(Eman.), Mr. Downes, Mr. Boyes, Mr. Warde (Reg.).

OXFORD (2). Mr. Dean of Christchurch, Mr. Dean of Winchester, Mr. Dean
of Worcester, Mr. Dean of Windsor, Mr. Sairle, Dr. Perne, Dr. Ravens,
Mr. Haviner.[152]

WESTMINSTER (2). Dean of Chester, Dr. Hutchinson, Dr. Spencer, Mr.
Fenton, Mr. Rabbet, Mr. Sanderson, Mr. Dakins.

Some difference of opinion has existed in reference to the date of this document. Its date is determined within comparatively narrow limits by internal evidence.

The writer, Dr. Ravis, describes himself as Dean of Christ Church; it must therefore have been written _before_ March 19, 1605, when he was consecrated Bishop of Gloucester. He also refers to the Dean of Worcester (Dr. Eedes), who died November, 1604, and hence he may be assumed to have written before that date also. The difficulty is that he describes Dr. Barlow, who is known to have taken part in the work, as Dean of Chester, and it must therefore have been written _after_ Barlow’s appointment of this office. This appointment, as stated by Cardwell, took place in December, 1604;[153] but the correctness of that date is open to some doubt.[154]

The names contained in the above given list have, with some few exceptions, been satisfactorily identified; namely, as follows:

FIRST WESTMINSTER COMPANY.

Dr. Launcelot Andrews, Dean of Westminster.[155]

Dr. John Overall, Dean of St. Paul’s.[156]

Dr. Adrian de Saravia.

Dr. Richard Clark, Fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge.

Dr. John Layfield, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Dr. Robert Tighe, Vicar of All Hallows, Barking.

[Dr. Francis Burley, Fellow of King James’s College, Chelsea.]

Mr. Geoffry King, Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge.[157]

Mr. Richard Thomson, Clare Hall, Cambridge.

Mr. William Bedwell, Vicar of Tottenham.

FIRST CAMBRIDGE COMPANY.

Mr. Edward Lively,[158] Regius Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge.

Mr. John Richardson,[159] Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

Mr. Laurence Chaderton, Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

Mr. F. Dillingham, Fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge.

Mr. Thomas Harrison, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Mr. Roger Andrews.[160]

Mr. Robert Spalding,[161] Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge.

Mr. Andrew Byng, Fellow of Peter House.

FIRST OXFORD COMPANY.

Dr. John Harding, Regius Professor of Hebrew, and President of
Magdalen.

Dr. John Rainolds, President of Corpus Christi College.

Dr. Thomas Holland,[162] Regius Professor of Divinity.

Dr. Richard Kilbye, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford.

Dr. Miles Smith,[163] Brasenose College, Oxford.

Dr. Richard Brett, Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford.

Mr. Richard Fairclough, Fellow of New College, Oxford.

THE SECOND CAMBRIDGE COMPANY.

Dr. John Duport, Master of Jesus College.

Dr. William Branthwaite, Master of Caius College.

Dr. Jeremiah Radcliffe, Fellow of Trinity College.

Mr. Samuel Ward, Fellow of Emmanuel College.[164]

Mr. Andrew Downes, Regius Professor of Greek.

Mr. John Bois, Fellow of St. John’s, and Rector of Boxworth.

Mr. Ward, Fellow of King’s College.[165]

THE SECOND OXFORD COMPANY.

Dr. Thomas Ravis, Dean of Christ Church.[166]

Dr. George Abbot, Dean of Winchester.[167]

Dr. Richard Eedes, Dean of Worcester.[168]

Dr. Giles Thomson, Dean of Windsor.

Mr. Henry Saville,[169] Warden of Merton and Provost of Eton.

Dr. John Perin, Fellow of St. John’s College.

[Dr. Ralph Ravens, Fellow of St. John’s College.]

Dr. John Harmer, Regius Professor of Greek.

To these, Wood, who does not mention the names of either Eedes or Ravens, in the list given in his _History of the University of Oxford_, adds the following two; they were probably appointed to take the places of some removed by death:

Dr. John Aglionby,[170] Principal of Edmunds Hall.

Dr. Leonard Hutten,[171] Canon of Christ Church.

THE SECOND WESTMINSTER COMPANY.

Dr. William Barlow, Dean of Chester.

Dr. Hutchinson. (?)

Dr. John Spenser, Chaplain to King James.[172]

Mr. Roger Fenton, Pembroke Hall, Oxford.

[Mr. Michael Rabbett, Rector of St. Vedast, Foster Lane.]

[Mr. Thomas Sanderson, Rector of All Hallows.]

Mr. William Dakins, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

NOTE TO PAGE 117.

DEAN STANLEY (_Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey_, p. 440) states generally that the Assembly of Divines removed from Henry VII.’s Chapel to the Jerusalem Chamber at the end of September. The exact date is, as stated in the text, October 2nd. In the Minutes of the Sessions of the Assembly, preserved in Dr. Williams’s Library, there occurs at the close of the sixty-fifth session the entry, “Adjourned to the Hierusalem Chamber on Monday, at ten o’clock,” and the following session, the sixty-sixth, is dated Monday, October 2nd. The permission to adjourn to the Jerusalem Chamber from Henry VII.’s Chapel, “on account of the coldness of the said chapel,” was granted by Parliament on September 21st, 1643.

INDEX.

A.

Abbot, Dr. Ezra, 115

Ælfric’s Heptateuch, 12, 13

Aiken, Dr. C. A., 115

Ainsworth, H., his Commentaries, 101

Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, 11

Alexander, Dr. W. L., 109

Alexandrine Manuscript, 83

Alford, Dean, 104, 107, 110, 112, 125

Alfred, King, 12

Allen, Archdeacon, 107

Andrews, Dr. Launcelot, 41

Anglo-Saxon Gospel, 12

Angus, Dr. Jos., 110, 125

Authorized Version, first suggestion of, 40

---- ordered by King James, 41

---- a revision, not a translation, 45

---- rules followed by the revisers, 42-44

---- misprints in, 54

---- obsolete words in, 57-59

---- imperfect renderings of, 62

---- preface to, 199

---- list of its revisors, 237

B.

Bancroft, Archbishop, 41, 45

Barrow, Dr. John, 104

Bede, 11

Bensley, Mr. R. N., 111

Bentley, Dr. Richard, his proposals for revised texts of the Greek New
Testament and of the Vulgate, 100

Beza’s Codex, 83

Beza, Theodore, his edition of the Greek New Testament, 84, 86

Biber, Dr. G. F., 103

Bible, earliest form of, 4

---- Authorized Version of, 39

---- Bishops’, 30, 37, 39

---- Coverdale’s, 18, 36

---- Douai, 33, 38

---- Genevan, 26, 37, 39

---- Great, 21, 36

---- Matthew’s, 20

---- Purvey’s, 15, 36

---- Taverner’s, 22

---- Wycliffe’s, 13, 14, 35

Bickersteth, Dean, 107, 110, 125

Bilson, Bishop, 49

Birrell, Rev. J., 111

Bishops’ Bible, 30, 37, 39

Bishops’ Bible, preface thereto, 177

---- translators of, 235

Blakesley, Dean, 106_n_, 107, 110, 125

Bodley, John, bears the expenses of the Genevan Bible, 30_n_

Bois, John, 46, 49

Broughton, Hugh, 92

Brown, Dr. David, 112, 125

Browne, Dr. E. H. (Bishop of Winchester), 106_n_, 107, 109

C.

Chambers, Dr. T. W., 115

Chance, Dr. F., 111

Chenery, Professor, 109

Cheyne, Rev. T. K., 111

Claromontane Manuscript, 83

Clergymen, Five, their revision of the Gospel of John, 104

Collation of Manuscripts, 82

Complutensian Polyglot, 84

Conant, Dr. T. J., 114

Coverdale, first edition of his Bible, 18

---- his Prologue thereto, 160

---- prepares the Great Bible, 21

---- issues a second and other editions of the Great Bible, 23

---- a refugee at Geneva, 27

Cranmer, his opinion of Matthew’s Bible, 20_n_

---- his Prologue to the second edition of the Great Bible, 23

Cromwell, Thomas, patron of Coverdale, 18

---- promotes the preparation of the Great Bible, 23

Crooks, Dr. G. R., 115, 116

D.

Davidson, Dr. A. B., 109

Davies, Dr. B., 109

Day, Dr. G. E., 114

De Witt, Dr. J., 114

Dort, Synod of, 44, 49

Douglas, Dr. G., 111

Downes, A., 49

Driver, Mr. S. R., 111

E.

Eadie, Dr. J., 110, 112

Ellicott, Bishop, 104, 105, 110, 125

Elliott, Rev. C. J., 112

Ephraem Codex, 83

Erasmus, his editions of the Greek New Testament, 85

F.

Fairbairn, Dr. P., 109

Field, Dr. F., 109

G.

Geddes, Dr. A., his projected translation of the Bible, 98

Geden, Professor, 112

Gell, R., his essay upon the amendment of the Authorized Version, 93

Genevan Bible, 26-30, 37

---- popularity of, 32, 52

---- preface to, 172

Genevan Psalter, 27

Genevan New Testament, 28, 29

Ginsburg, Dr., 109

Gotch, Dr. F. W., 109

Green, Dr. W. H., 114

Gutenberg Bible, 17_n_

Guthlac of Croyland, 11, 12

H.

Hackett, Dr. H. B., 115, 116

Hadley, Dr. J., 115, 116

Hampton Court Conference, 40

Harding, Dr. J., 41

Hare, Dr. G. E., 114

Harrison, Archdeacon, 109

Harwood, E., his translation of the New Testament, 97_n_

Hereford, Nicholas de, 14

Hervey, Bishop, 107

Heywood, James, his motion in the House of Commons for a new revision,
103

Hodge, Dr. C., 115, 116

Holbein, his design for title-page of Great Bible, 22_n_

Hort, Dr. F. J. A., 110, 120, 125

Humphry, Prebendary, 104, 110, 125

I.

Itala, The, 9

J.

Jebb, Dr. J., 106_n_, 107, 109

Jerome, revises the old Latin version, 9

---- translates Old Testament, 9

Jerusalem Chamber, 117, 127, 242

Jessey, Henry, his attempted revision of Authorized Version, 95

Johnson, Anthony, his Historical Account, 27_n_

K.

Kay, Dr. W., 106_n_, 107, 109

Kendrick, Dr. A. C., 115

Kennedy, Canon, 110, 125

Kennicott, Dr. B., 100

Kilbie, Dr. R., 47

Krauth, Dr. C. P., 115

L.

Latin Versions, 8, 9

Lawrence, T., his notes of errors in the Bishops’ Bible, 32

Leathes, Dr. S., 109

Lee, Archdeacon, 110, 125

Lee, Dr. A., 115

Lewis, Dr. T., 115

Lewis, John, his History of the English Bible, 41, 49_n_

Lightfoot, Dr. J., urges upon Parliament the revision of the English
Bible, 92

Lightfoot, Dr. J. B. (Bishop of Durham), 101, 110, 125

Lindisfarne Gospels, 12_n_

Lively, Ed., 41

Lumby, Rev. J. R., 112

Lyra, Nicholas de, 17

M.

Mace, W., his Greek and English New Testament, 96

Marsh, Bishop, on the Authorized Version, 102

Manuscripts of the New Testament, 80

Mazarin Bible, 17_n_

McGill, Professor, 109

Mead, Dr. C. M., 115

Merivale, Dean, 112, 125

Mill, Dr. J., 99

Milligan, Dr. W., 110, 125

Moberly, Bishop, 104, 110, 125

Moulton, Dr. W. F., 111, 125

Münster, Sebastian, 22, 31

N.

Newcome, Archbishop, his revised New Testament, 98

Newth, Dr., 111, 125

O.

Ollivant, Bishop, 105, 106_n_, 107, 109

Ormulum, The, 13

Osgood, Dr. H., 115

P.

Packard, Dr. J., 115

Pagninus, his Latin translation, 19, 31_n_

Palmer, Archdeacon, 112, 125

Parker, Archbishop, superintends the preparation of the Bishops’ Bible,
30-32

---- his letter to Cecil, 30_n_

Payne Smith, Dean, 110

Penn, Grenville, his revised text and translation of New Testament, 99

Perowne, Dean, 110

Plumptre, Dr. E. H., 110

Printed Bible, the first, 17

Printing, invention of, 17

Psalter, Genevan, 27

---- Guthlac’s, 11_n_

---- Prayer Book, 9_n_, 39

---- Rolle’s, 13

---- Schorham’s, 13

Purver, A., his translation of the Bible, 97

Purvey, John, Wycliffe’s friend and fellow-labourer, 15

Q.

Quotations in early Christian Writings, 87-89

R.

Rainolds, Dr. J., moves for a new revision, 40

Rainolds, Dr. J., appointed one of King James’s revisers, 47

---- works at the revision on his death-bed, 47

Revisers, the American, 114, 116

---- of 1568, 235

---- of 1611, 237

---- of 1881, 109-112

Riddle, Dr. M. B., 115

Roberts, Dr. A., 111

Rogers, John, the probable editor of Matthew’s Bible, 20

Rolle, Richard, 13

Rose, Archdeacon, 106_n_, 107, 110

Rossi, J. B. de, 100

S.

Sayce, Rev. A. H., 112

Schaff, Dr. Philip, 114, 115

Scholefield, Professor, on an improved translation of the New Testament,
102

Schorham, W. de, 13

Scott, Dean, 111, 125

Scribes, primary function of, 3

Scrivener, Dr. F. H., 56, 100, 111, 120, 125

Selwyn, Canon, 103, 107, 110

Septuagint Version, 6

Short, Dr. C., 115

Sinaitic Manuscript, 82

Smith, Dr. G. Vance, 111, 125

Smith, Dr. H. B., 115, 116

Smith, Dr. J. Pye, his testimony in favour of revision, 101

Smith, Dr. Miles, 47, 49

Smith, Professor, W. R., 112

Stanley, Dean, 107, 111, 125

Stephen, Robert, his editions of the Greek New Testament, 85

Stephen, Henry, 86_n_

Stowe, Dr. C. E., 115

Strong, Dr. J., 115

Syriac Version, 8, 87

T.

Taverner, John, 22_n_

Taverner, Richard, 22

Testament, New, Genevan, 28

---- Rheims, 33

---- Tyndale’s, 18

---- Whittingham’s, 25

---- See “Bible”

Thayer, Dr. J. H., 115

Thirlwall, Bishop, 105, 106, 110

Tischendorf, Dr. C., 100

Transcription, errors of, 3

Tregelles, Dr. S. P., 100, 109_n_

Trench, Archbishop, 111, 125

Tyndale, W., his translations, 18

---- his Prologue to New Testament, 137

---- his Epistle to the Reader, 152

---- his Preface to the Pentateuch, 154

U.

Ussher, A., his revised version, 94_n_

V.

Vatican Manuscript, 83

Van Dyke, Dr. C. V. A., 115

Vaughan, Dean, 111, 125

Version, Æthiopic, 87

---- Armenian, 87

---- Gothic, 87

---- Italic, 8

---- Memphitic, 87

---- Old Latin, 8

---- Septuagint, 6

---- Syriac, 8

---- Thebaic, 87

Vulgate, 9

W.

Wakefield, G., his translation of the New Testament, 98

Walker, Anthony, his Life of Bois, 46_n_, 49_n_

Walton’s Polyglot, 99

Ward, Dr. S., 44_n_

Ward, T., his Errata to the Protestant Bible, 33_n_, 93

Warren, Dr. W. F., 115, 116

Weir, Dr. D. H., 112

Wemyss, T., his Reasons in favour of a new translation, 102

Westcott, Canon, 22_n_, 41_n_, 111, 125

Whittingham’s New Testament, 25

---- his version and the Genevan compared, 28, 29

Wicked Bible, 54_n_

Wilberforce, Bishop, 105, 106, 111, 125

Woolsey, Dr. T. D., 115

Wordsworth, Dr. Christopher (Bishop of Lincoln), 107, 110

Wordsworth, Dr. Charles (Bishop of St. Andrews), 112, 125

Worsley, J., his translation of the New Testament, 97

Wright, Dr. W., 109_n_, 112

Wright, Mr. W. A., 110, 113

Wycliffe, John, 13, 14

---- his Bible, 16, 35

---- preface to his Bible, 129

Z.

Zurich Bible, 19

_W. Brendon and Son, Plymouth._

FOOTNOTES:

[1] From the Latin for seventy, this being the supposed number of the translators. It is referred to as the translation of the Seventy Elders so early as the middle of the second century. See Justin Martyr, _Dialogue with Trypho_, c. 68.

[2] See Philo Judæus, _Life of Moses_, book ii. Josephus, _Antiquities_, xii. ii. 5, 11, 12, 14. Eusebius, _Eccl. Hist._, v. 8. Josephus states that the translation was made by seventy-two elders in seventy-two days. The story as given in Eusebius is, that the seventy elders were placed apart in seventy different cells, that each translated the entire Scriptures, and that the seventy translations when compared were found to agree to a word.

[3] And this he gave, not by any formal enactment, but by using Jerome’s translation as the basis of his own _Exposition of the Book of Job_. (See Gregory’s _Letter to Leander_, forming the preface to that work.) The old version of the Psalms retained its ground apparently from its close connection with the music of the Church. From a like cause the old version of the English Psalms, which in fact was made from the Latin of the Vulgate, retains its place in the Psalter of the Prayer Book. It should however be noted that it is but the translation of the translation of a translation.

[4] _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, A.D. 709.

[5] “I have seen a book at Crowland Abbey, which is kept there for a relic. The book is called _Saint Guthlake’s Psalter_, and I weene verily that it is a copy of the same that the king did translate; for it is neither English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, nor Dutch, but something sounding to our English; and as I have perceived since the time I was last there, being at Antwerp, the Saxon tongue doth sound likewise, and it is to ours partly agreeable.” The answer of John Lambert to the twenty-sixth of the Articles laid against him. (FOXE, _Acts and Monuments_, vol. v. p. 213.)

[6] _The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester_, A.D. 699, and A.D. 714.

[7] Many of the clergy were probably at this time unable to interpret the Latin Bibles used in the Church services. Several MSS. exist which have an English translation (gloss) inserted between the lines by writers of the ninth or tenth centuries. One of these, the “Lindisfarne Gospels,” now in the British Museum, is a most richly-adorned MS. It was written by one bishop of Lindisfarne, and ornamented by another, and was encased in jewelled covers. Over each Latin word is written its equivalent in English (Anglo-Saxon). This, as is explained by a note at the end, was done by one “Aldred, the priest,” and, as his handwriting shows, in the tenth century. It cannot be supposed that this was done for the benefit of ordinary readers. So valued a MS. would not be likely to come into any other hands than those of the clergy or the monks.

[8] There is no direct evidence for the existence at an earlier date of any translation of the entire Scriptures into any form of English. In an interesting tract (commonly assigned to the earlier part of the fifteenth century, and printed by Foxe in the first edition of his _Acts and Monuments_, 1563), entitled, “A Compendious Old Treatise, showing how that we ought to have the Scripture in English.” It is stated, “Also a man of London, whose name was Wyring, had a Bible in English, of northern speech, which was seen of many men, and it seemed to be two hundred years old.” (FOXE, _Acts and Monuments_, vol. iv. p. 674.) It cannot, however, be inferred from this statement that the volume referred to was a complete Bible.

[9] See Appendix A.

[10] As many as one hundred and fifty manuscripts, containing the whole or parts of Purvey’s Bible, are still in existence, and the majority of these were written within forty years from the time of its completion.--FORSHALL and MADDEN, _Wycliffite Versions of the Holy Bible_, Preface, p. xxxiii.

[11] No portion of the Wycliffe Bible was printed until 1731, when the New Testament, in the later of its forms, was published by the Rev. John Lewis, of Margate. This was reprinted in 1810, under the editorship of the Rev. Henry Baber. The complete Bible was not printed till so recently as 1850, in the splendid volumes issued from the University press of Oxford, and edited by the Rev. J. Forshall and Rev. F. Madden.

[12] The first work known to have been printed with moveable metal type is the Latin Bible, issued from the press of John Gutenberg at Maintz, 1450-55. This Bible is sometimes referred to as the Mazarin Bible, from the accidental circumstance that a copy of it was found about the middle of last century in Cardinal Mazarin’s library at Paris. (HALLAM, _Literature of Europe_, vol. i. p. 210.) With more propriety it may be called the Gutenberg Bible.

[13] See Appendix C.

[14] Mr. Blunt, in his article “English Bible,” in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, maintains that Coverdale translated directly from the Hebrew and Greek. But in order to this he has, first, forcibly to set aside the statement on the title-page as “placed there by mistake,” and then to represent Coverdale as including the Hebrew and Greek originals in the same category as Latin, German, and English translations, and as describing them all as “five interpreters” from which he had translated.

[15] This license seems to have been obtained from the king by Cromwell at Cranmer’s suggestion. (See Cranmer’s Letter to Cromwell, August 4th, 1537. _Remains and Letters_, p. 344. Parker Society.) In this letter Cranmer thus expresses his opinion of the book: “And as for the translation, as far as I have read thereof I like it better than any other translation heretofore made; yet not doubting but that there may be and will be found some fault therein, as you know no man ever did or can do so well, but it may be from time to time amended. And forasmuch as the book is dedicated unto the king’s grace, and also great pains and labour taken in setting forth of the same: I pray you, my lord, that you will exhibit the book unto the king’s highness, and to obtain of his grace, if you can, a license that the same may be sold and read of every person, without danger of any act, proclamation, or ordinance, heretofore granted to the contrary, until such time as we bishops shall set forth a better translation, which I think will not be till a day after doomsday.”

[16] The full title is, “The Byble in Englyshe, that is to saye the content of all the holy scrypture, bothe of the olde and newe testament, truly translated after the veryte of the Hebrue and Greke textes by y{e} dylygent studye of dyuerse excellent learned men, expert in the forsayde tongues. Prynted by Rychard Grafton and Edward Whitchurch. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum. 1539.”

[17] This was more than compensated by the remarkable and interesting engraving, said to be designed by Hans Holbein, which formed the title-page. Herein the king is flattered to his heart’s content. On the top of the engraving the king on his knees and uncrowned is addressed by our Lord in the words, “I have found a man after mine own heart, who shall fulfil all my will.” Below this the king on his throne distributes books labelled “_Verbum Dei_,” the Word of God, to the clergy with his right hand, to Cromwell and others with the left. Lower down on the right of the page is the figure of Cromwell distributing the books to the laity, and on the left that of Cranmer distributing it to the clergy. At the bottom of the page is a crowd of people of all sorts and conditions, some crying out in Latin, “_Vivat Rex_” others in English, “God save the king.”

[18] With the title, “The Most Sacred Bible, which is the Holy Scripture, conteyning the old & new testament translated into English, & newly recognised with great diligence after most faythful exemplars, by Rychard Taverner. Harken thou heuen, & thou earth gyve eare: for the Lorde speaketh. Esaie i. Printed at London in Fletestrete at the sygne of the sonne by John Byddell, for Thomas Barthlet. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum M.D. XXXIX.”

[19] In Fox, _Acts and Monuments_, v. 428, amongst the names of “godly brethren at Oxford” suspected of heresy, and compelled to do public penance, mention is made of “Taverner the musician,” of “Friswide College” (Frideswede, now Christ Church); and again, v. 423, Anthony Dalaber says, “I stode at the quier door and heard Master Taverner play.” Dr. EADIE, _The English Bible_, i. 343, assumes that the reference in this last passage is to Richard Taverner; but far more probably the reference is to John Taverner, who, according to WOOD, _Athenæ Oxoniensis_, i. 124, was “sometime organist of Cardinal College.” I find no other foundation than these doubtful passages for the statement made by WESTCOTT, _History of the English Bible_, ed. 2, p. 85, and by EADIE, _loc. cit._, that Richard Taverner was one of those who suffered persecution upon the first circulation of Tyndale’s New Testament.

[20] See COTTON, _Editions of the English Bible_, p. 21.

[21] From this circumstance the Great Bible is often, but improperly, called Cranmer’s Bible. “The Prologue or Preface made by Thomas Cranmer sometime Archbishop of Canterbury,” is prefixed to many Bibles, to some editions of the Genevan, and to the Bishops.

[22] The dates of these editions, as given in the colophons, are, July, 1540; November, 1540 (1541 on title-page); May, 1541; November, 1541; December, 1541.

[23] He married Catherine, sister of John Calvin. An interesting account of “The Life and Death of Mr. William Whittingham, Deane of Durham, who departed this life A.D. 1579, June 10,” found amongst the papers of Anthony à Wood, preserved in the Bodleian Library, is given by DR. LORIMER, _John Knox and the Church of England_, pp. 303-317.

[24] The dedication to the queen, prefixed to this volume, is dated Geneva, February 10th, 1559. After exhorting the queen to persevere in the reformation of religion, the writers state that “albeit they had begun more than a year ago to peruse the _English_ Translation of the Bible, and to bring it to the pure simplicity and true meaning of the Spirit of God, yet when they heard that Almighty God had miraculously preserved her to that most excellent dignity, with most joyful minds and great diligence they endeavoured themselves to set forth this most excellent Book of the Psalms unto her Grace as a special token of their service and goodwill till the rest of the Bible, which was in good readiness, should be accomplished and presented.” (ANTHONY JOHNSON, _Historical Account of the Several English Translations of the Bible_. Reprinted in WATSON’S _Collection of Theological Tracts_, vol. iii. p. 87.)

[25]

_verse._ 1557. 1560.
1. out of the way apart
3. they saw there appeared unto them
4. here is good beying for us it is good for us to be here
5. that cloude the cloude
my deare sonne my beloved sonne
in whom I delyte in whom I am well pleased
6. were afrayed were sore afrayde
7. But Jesus Then Jesus
8. loked up lifted up their eyes
9. See that ye shewe Shewe
be risen rise
death the dead
11. Jesus And Jesus
12. lusted would
In like wise likewise
14. people multitude
15. mercie pitie
oft ofttimes
17. Jesus Then Jesus
how long (_bis_). how long now (_bis_)
18. came out went out
even that same at that
19. secrectly apart
20. Jesus And Jesus
if ye had if ye have
ye should ye shall
it should it shall
neither could anything and nothing shall
for you to do unto you
22. As they And as they
passed the time abode
betraied delivered
23. and the thyrd but the third
sorowed greatly were verie sorie
24. were wont to gather received
25. spake first to him prevented
27. thyne angle an angle
the fyshe that first the first fish that
pay give it unto them

[26] Strype also tells us that the expenses of publication were borne chiefly by John Bodley, father of Sir Thomas Bodley, the founder of the Bodleian Library at Oxford.--_Life of Parker_, p. 206.

[27] It is very pleasant to read that, notwithstanding this, Parker joined with Grindal, Bishop of London, in pleading for an extension of the patent granted to Bodley, in order to enable him to publish the new edition of the Genevan referred to above. Writing, March 9th, 1565, to Cecil, the Queen’s Secretary, the Archbishop and Bishop say, “That they thought so well of the first Impression, and the Review of those who had since travelled therein, that they wisht it would please him to be a Means, that Twelve Years longer Term might be by Special Privilege granted him, in consideration of the Charges by him and his Associates in the first Impression, and the Review sithence sustained. And that tho’ one other special Bible for the Churches were meant by them to be set forth, as convenient Time and Leisure hereafter should permit, yet should it nothing hinder, but rather do much good, to have Diversity of Translations and Readings.”--STRYPE, _Life of Parker_, p. 207, Folio Edition.

[28] See Appendix G.

[29] Pagninus was a learned Dominican, who published at Lyons, in 1528, a new translation in Latin of the Old and New Testaments.

[30] STRYPE, _Life of Parker_, Appendix, p. 139.

[31] _Ibid_, p. 399.

[32] In an attack made upon Protestant versions of the Scriptures by Thomas Ward, in the reign of James II., or three-quarters of a century after the publication of the Authorized Version, the writer selects his examples from Genevan Bibles of the years 1562, 1577, and 1579, and speaks of this Bible as “well known in England even to this day, as being yet in many men’s hands.”--_Errata to the Protestant Bible_, p. 19, ed. 1737.

[33] The Old Testament was not published till long afterwards, when the College was once more settled at Douai. It is hence called the Douai Bible. The first volume was published in 1609, and the second in 1610. In the preface it is stated that the translation was made “about thirtie yeares since.”

[34] Amongst the former are advent, allegory, anathema, assumption, calumniate, co-operate, evangelize, eunuch, gratis, holocaust, neophyte, paraclete, pentecost, victim. Amongst the latter are agnition, azymes, commessation, condigne, contristate, depositum, donaries, exinanited, parasceue, pasche, prefinition, loaves of proposition, repropitiate, superedified.

[35] Compare the word “leasowes,” still used in some parts of the country for “meadows.”

[36] “Of all the English versions, the Bishops’ Bible had probably the least success. It did not command the respect of scholars, and its size and cost were far from meeting the wants of the people. Its circulation appears to have been practically limited to the churches which were ordered to be supplied with it.”--Dr. PLUMPTRE, _Dictionary of the Bible_, vol. iii. p. 1,675.

[37] His name is variously spelt Rainolds, Rainoldes, Reinolds, Reynolds.

[38] See Dr. WILLIAM BARLOW’S _Sum and Substance of the Conference which it pleased his Excellent Majesty to have with the Lords Bishops, and others of his Clergy, in his Majesty’s Privy Chamber at Hampton Court, Jan. 1603_ (o.s.). Reprinted in _The Phenix: or a Revival of Scarce and Valuable Pieces_, p. 157. Lond. 1707.

[39] Rendered in the Bishops’ and the Great Bible, “and bordereth upon the city which is now called Jerusalem,” instead of, “and answered to Jerusalem which now is.”

[40] Rendered in the Great Bible and Prayer Book Psalter, “they were not obedient,” instead of, “they were not disobedient,” as in Genevan, or “they rebelled not,” as in our present Bibles.

[41] Rendered in the Great Bible and Prayer Book Psalter, “and prayed,” instead of, “and executed judgment.”

[42] See LEWIS, _History of the English Translations of the Bible_, p. 313; or EADIE, _The English Bible_, vol. ii. p. 180; or WESTCOTT, _History of the English Bible_, p. 113. The king’s letter is given in full by CARDWELL, _Documentary Annals of the Reformed Church of England_, vol. ii. p. 65, ed. 1839.

[43] For the names of the Revisers of 1611 see Appendix H.

[44] That is, the Great Bible; called Whitchurch’s, from the name of one of the printers.

[45] BURNET, _History of the Reformation_, part ii., Appendix, p. 368, ed. 1681.

[46] One of whom, Dr. Samuel Ward, had himself taken part in the English revision.

[47] Tables of Genealogies and a description of the Holy Land are found prefixed to many early editions of King James’s Bible.

[48] _Acta Synodi Dordrechti habitæ_, p. 19, ed. 1620.

[49] CARDWELL, _Documentary Annals_, vol. ii. p. 68, ed. 1839.

[50] See Appendix F.

[51] For a list of the Revisers see Appendix H.

[52] In some cases, however, this further subdivision of work seems to have taken place. Anthony Walker, in his _Life of John Bois_, p. 47 (reprinted in PECK’S _Desiderata Curiosa_), says: “Sure I am that Part of the Apocrypha was allotted to him (for he hath showed me the very copy he translated by), but to my Grief I know not what part.” Bois was a member of the company to which the Apocrypha was assigned. Walker goes on to say, “All the time he was about his own Part, his Commons were given to him at St. Johns, where he abode all the week till Saturday night; and then he went home to discharge his Cure, returning thence on Monday morning. When he had finished his own part, at the earnest request of him to whom it was assigned he undertook a Second, and then he was to common in another College. But I forbear to name both the person and the House.”

[53] The bare fact that the Oxford Revisers met in Rainolds’ lodgings is mentioned by WOOD, _Historia Univ. Oxon._, vol. i. p. 311, and is referred to by STOUGHTON, _Our English Bible_, p. 248.

[54] FULLER’S _Abel Redivivus_, p. 487. In his _Church History_, book x. p. 48, Fuller says of Rainolds that he was a man deserving of the epitaph. “Incertum est utrum Doctior an Melior.” “We know not which was the greater, his learning or his goodness.”

[55] PECK, _Desiderata Curiosa_, p. 47.

[56] It is clear, from the words which immediately follow, that the writer uses the word “company” here for the entire number of translators belonging to any one of the three centres. In the written account presented to the Synod of Dort by the English delegates, it is said that _twelve_ persons, selected out of the companies, met together, and reviewed and corrected the entire work. Wood also (_Athenæ Oxon._, vol. i. p. 490) gives twelve as the number of the “selected,” and amongst them includes Bilson and Miles Smith.

[57] The writer quaintly remarks in a parenthesis, “Though Mr. Downes would not go till he was either fetcht or threatened with the Pursuivant.”

[58] Lewis (_History of the English Translations of the Bible_, p. 323) by a strange blunder turns these shillings into pounds.

[59] Walker adds, “Whilst they were employed in this last business, he and he only took notes of their proceedings, which notes he kept till his dying day.” If these notes could be recovered they would throw much light upon many points of interest in connection with the Revision of 1611.

[60] FULLER, _Church History_, book x. p. 57.

[61] See Mr. HENRY STEVENS, _Printed Bibles in the Caxton Exhibition_, p. 110. But if Mr. Stevens be right in this contention, the publisher can scarcely be held free from the charge of false suggestion, since the phrase occurs in earlier Bibles in the sense which it most naturally bears. In the edition of the Great Bible dated April, 1540, we have on the title-page: “This is the Byble apoynted to the use of the churches,” and the meaning of this is shown by the fuller form that appears in the title-page of the edition of November, 1540, “auctorysed and apoynted by the commaundement of oure moost redoubted Prynce and soveraygne Lorde Kynge Henrye the VIII. ... to be frequented and used in every churche within this his sayd realme.” An edition of the Bishops’ Bible dated 1585 has the inscription, “Authorized and appointed to be read in Churches;” and King Charles II.’s _Declaration to all His Loving Subjects_, is “Appointed to to be Read in all Churches and Chapels within this kingdom.”

[62] The latest quarto edition of the Genevan published in England bears the date 1615, the latest folio, 1616.

[63] This edition has hence been described by Bible collectors as the “Wicked Bible.” The error was of course speedily discovered and the edition suppressed. Archbishop Laud fined the printer in the sum of £300, and with this he is said to have bought a fount of Greek type for the University of Oxford.

[64] In the reign of Charles II. a silly report was set afloat that Field, the printer of what is known as the Pearl Bible of 1653, had received a present of £1,500 from the Independents to introduce this corruption into the text. See D’ISRAELI’S _Curiosities of Literature_, Art. Pearl Bible. Mr. D’Israeli must have been ignorant of the fact that this error occurs in Bibles printed fifteen years earlier than the Pearl Bible, and by the University Press, Cambridge.

[65] This may possibly have been a change deliberately made by the editor, who either had a different Greek text or followed the Vulgate; but even in that case it would be a very awkward way of rendering the text before him.

[66] This he has done, professedly, in the attempt to represent the version of 1611, “so far as may be, in the precise shape that it would have assumed if its venerable translators had shown themselves more exempt than they were from the failings incident to human infirmity; or if the same severe accuracy which is now demanded in carrying so important a volume through the press had been deemed requisite, or was at all usual in their age.”--Introduction to Cambridge Paragraph Bible, p. i.

[67] The LXX. and Vulgate are here right; so also Wycliffe, who, translating from the Latin, renders, “Seven trompes, whos vse is in the iubile.”

[68] Wycliffe, “Stronge men seseden in Yrael.”

[69] Here again the LXX., Vulgate, and Wycliffe are right. Wycliffe renders, “of whom shulen be alle the best thingis of Yrael.”

[70] The LXX., Vulgate, Wycliffe, the Great Bible, the Genevan, and the Bishops’, all give the true sense.

[71] In their rendering of verse 3 the Revisers of 1611 have followed the Genevan. Of the older versions, the Great Bible best renders this verse, “All my delyte is upon the saynctes that are in the earth, and upon suche as excell in vertue.”

[72] The Vulgate leads the way in this error.

[73] Tyndale, the Great Bible, and the Genevan render correctly.

[74] So the Rheims, “Why do you also trangresse the commaundement of God for your tradition?”

[75] So Wycliffe, “for they ben feithful and loued, the whiche ben parceners of benefice;” and the Rheims, “because they be faithful and beloued which are partakers of the benefite.”

[76] Here all the older versions go wrong.

[77] The first four books of the _Annals of Tacitus_ are found only in a single MS. (the Medicean) of the eleventh century. The nine books of the _Letters of Pliny the Younger_ are found complete in one MS. only, of the tenth century; this also is in the Medicean Library.

[78] From the Latin _uncia_, an inch.

[79] In some MSS. called _palimpsests_, the more ancient, and to us the more valuable, writing has been partially washed away, in order that the vellum might be used again for some more recent work. In these cases it is exceedingly difficult to decipher, beneath the later and darker writing, the traces of the older writing; indeed, not unfrequently the characters are so faded that they cannot be read at all until revived by some chemical preparation. The Ephraem Codex is a MS. of this kind.

[80] Commonly referred to under the symbol א, the Hebrew letter, _Aleph_.

[81] Referred to as B.

[82] Referred to as A.

[83] Referred to as C.

[84] Referred to as D of the Gospels.

[85] Referred to as D of the Epistles.

[86] The License for its publication was not granted until March 20, 1520.

[87] Namely, his sole authority for the Apocalypse.

[88] He had previously published two smaller editions (16mo), one in 1546, and another in 1549.

[89] Now called the Codex Regius, and denoted by L.

[90] The collation of the eight Parisian MSS. was done for him by his son Henry, then a youth of eighteen.

[91] At Geneva, whither he had deemed it prudent to remove shortly after the publication of his celebrated edition of the Greek New Testament.

[92] _Works_, vol. vi. p. 194.

[93] The draft of this Bill is preserved in the State Paper Office (_Domestic Interreg._, Bundle 662, f. 12), and is given in full by Dr. STOUGHTON, _Church of the Commonwealth_, p. 543.

[94] _Errata to the Protestant Bible_, Pref. p. 3., ed. 1737.