Chapter VII: Part 7

"Physiciens and advocates,
Gon right by the same yates, _yates, gates_
They selle hir science for winning. _winning, gain_

* * * * *

For they nil in no maner gree _no kind of good will_
Do right nought for charitee."

The same idea, precisely, finds voice in the poem attributed to Walter Map, wherein the doctor and the lawyer come together under the lash, because no hope can be based upon either of them unless there be money in the case. "But if the marvellous man see coin, the very worst disease is quite curable, the very falsest cause just, praiseworthy, pious, true, and pleasing to God." Perhaps these ancient sarcasms were keener on the leech than the lawyer. "The Romaunt of the Rose" goes so far as to say that if the physicians had their way of it,

"Everiche man shulde be seke,
And though they dye, they set not a leke
After: whan they the gold have take
Ful litel care for hem they make.
They wolde that fourty were seke at onis!
Ye, two hundred in flesh and bonis!
And yit two thousand as I gesse
For to encresen her richesse."

* * * * *

No doubt the men of medicine would have been much more vulnerable on another line, for it was no satirist but a learned medical professor, Arnauld de Villeneuve, who, in the beginning of the fourteenth century, advised his students as follows:--"The seventh precaution," said he, "is of a general application. Suppose that you cannot understand the case of your patient, say to him with assurance that he hath an obstruction of the liver." No legal professor surely was ever guilty of the indiscretion of _saying_ such a thing as this!

* * * * *

The ineradicable public prejudice against legal charges as flagrantly exorbitant is only a modified form of an older idea exemplified above that lawyers should have no fees at all. And as to this day the plain man has never fully reconciled himself to the doctrine that the lawyer is only an agent, and not called upon to sit in the first instance in judgment on his client, so in the past the professional defence of a criminal appeared a very venal transaction.

"Thow I have a man i-slawe,
And forfetyd the kynges lawe
I sal fyndyn a man of lawe
Wyl takyn myn peny and let me goo."

* * * * *

How reprehensible a thing to take fees was long reckoned admits of curious illustration. "Before the end of the thirteenth century," says that never-failing authority, Pollock and Maitland's "History of English Law," "there already exists a legal profession, a class of men who make money by representing litigants before the courts and by giving legal advice. The evolution of this class has been slow, for it has been withstood by certain ancient principles." Amongst these retarding influences lay the half-religious scruple about the propriety of payment--men as usual swallowing the camel first and straining at the gnat afterwards. Of course the subject had to be illuminated by monkish tales and death-bed repentances. There was, according to the Carlisle friar who penned the "The Chronicle of Lanercost,"--writing under the year 1288,--a young clerk in the diocese of Glasgow, whose mind "was given rather to the court of the rich than to the cure of souls. He was called Adam Urri, and was laically learned in the laic laws, disregarding the commands of God against the Praecorialia [so in the printed text, but, query, Praetorialia?] of Ulpian. He used the statutes of the Emperor in litigating causes, for payment of money. But when he had grown old and famous in this his wickedness, and was striving by his astuteness to entangle the affairs of a poor little widow, the divine mercy laid hold on him, assailing his body with sudden infirmity, and bringing his mind to plead (_enarraret_) more for another life." Condemning utterly the lawyer's court, he turned over a new leaf, predicted the day of his own death, and died punctually conform to the prophecy, leaving an example unctuously used by the friar to teach future generations "how wide was the gulf betwixt the service of God and the vanity of this world." We shall not be far wrong in regarding, as of more historic interest, the indication of the immorality of fees, and the important reference to Ulpian as an authority in the _forum causidicorum_ of thirteenth century Scotland.

* * * * *

Amongst the amiable conceptions of the middle age was the notion that the Evil One often manifested a particular zeal against sin. He was regarded with a different eye from that with which we regard him, and he rewarded faith with actual appearances such as only spiritualists can now-a-days command. Some of them were not very engaging, however praiseworthy may have been their object and occasion. Simeon of Durham, an eminently respectable contemporary author, wrote of the death of King William Rufus in the year 1100 that the popular voice considered the wandering flight of Tyrell's arrow a token of the "virtue and vengeance of God." And he added that about that time the Devil had frequently shewn himself in the woods "and no wonder, because in those days law and justice were all but silent." The logic of this _because_, not apparent on the surface, becomes less obscure when it is remembered that in the mediaeval devil the character of Arch-Enemy is so much subordinated to that of Arch-Avenger.

* * * * *

The direct relation of not only the Saints but of the Deity itself to human affairs was a conception so clear to the mediaeval mind that it saw nothing irreverent in a title deed being taken in the Supreme name, or in marshalling "_Deus Omnipotens_" at the head of the list of witnesses to a charter. This anthropomorphic practice gave occasion to one of the sharpest of Walter Map's jokes against the Cistercians. Three abbots of that order petitioning on behalf of one of their number and his abbey for the restoration of certain lands by King Henry II. as having been injuriously taken away from the claimant's abbey, represented to the King in his court that for God's sake he ought to cause the lands to be restored and they assured him and gave him God himself as their guarantor (_fidejussorem_) that if he did, God would greatly increase his honour upon earth. King Henry found it difficult to resist the appeal thus made to him but called the Archdeacon Walter Map to advise. This he did well-knowing that this counsellor did not love the Cistercians, and that he might thus find a creditable way out of a tight corner. The Archdeacon was equal to the occasion. "My lord," said he to the King, "they offer you a guarantor; you should hear their guarantor speak for himself." "By the eyes of God," replied Henry, "it is just and conform to reason that guarantors themselves should be heard upon the matter of their guarantee." Then rising with a gentle smile (not a grin, expressly says Giraldus Cambrensis) the shrewd monarch retired leaving the disappointed abbots covered with confusion.

* * * * *

Of the many ties between literature and law, one, not by any means the least interesting on the list, is the quantity of legal citations, phrases, metaphors and analogies which got swept into the wide nets of the poets. Amongst such scraps there are few so successful and still fewer so pathetic as one in which a metrical historian, drawing near the close, both of his days and his chronicle, figured himself as summoned on short _induciae_ at the instance of Old Age to appear at a court to answer serious charges, where no help was for him save through grace and the Virgin as his advocate.

Elde me maistreis wyth hir brevis, _elde, age_
Ilke day me sare aggrevis, _brevis, writ_
Scho has me maid monitioune _ilke, each_
To se for a conclusioune _quhilk, which_
The quhilk behovis to be of det; _of det, of right_
Quhat term of tyme of that be set
I can wyt it be na way, _wyt, know_
Bot weill I wate on schort delay
At a court I mon appeire
Fell accusationis thare til here
Quhare na help thare is bot grace. _bot, without_
The maikless Madyn mon purchace _maikless, matchless_
That help; and to sauff my state _purchace, procure_
I haiff maid hir my advocate. _sauff, save_

Androw of Wyntoun's verse it must be owned was verse on the plane of a notary public, and oft the common form of legal writ supplied sorrily enough the deficiencies of his imagination. But here for once the simple dignity of the thought bore him up and carried him through.

Index.

Aberdeen, gipsies at, 175

Abjuring the realm, 15

Abjuration, 69

Abolishing right of Sanctuary, 16

Adultery, penalty of, 11

Africa, ordeal in, 24-25

Amphitheatre, sports of, 112

An eye for an eye, 137

Ancient tenures, 93-108

Andrews, William, Cock-Fighting, 196-200

Anglo-Saxon Church, 14

Aram, Eugene, 212

Ashford, Mary, 40-41

Asyla in Greece, 14

Axon, W. E. A., Sanctuaries, 13-22;
Laws relating to the Gipsies, 165-178

Babylonia, law of, 3-4

Balance, ordeal of, 27

Barbarous Punishments, 132-148

Barnard's Inn, 263

Beetles, trial of, 157

Begbie, William, murder of, 210

Beverley, Sanctuary at, 19-20

Bible Law, 1-12

Bible, ordeal of the, 37

Bible, weighing against, 27

Bier, ordeal of, 36

Bird, Robert, Cockieleerie Law, 200-204

Biretta, 53

Black Book of Hereford, 101

Black Parliament, 225

Blood, laws written in, 135;
stains, 222

Boiling to death, 135

Book of Common Prayer, abolished, 194

Borough English, 104-106

Breaking straws, 48;
rods, 49

Buccleuch, Barons of, 107

Bull relating to English Sanctuaries, 15

Bull, trial of, 150

Burned alive, 134

Burgess, S., Bible Law, 1-12

Canning, Elizabeth, 172-173

Canon Law, 187, 225

Castles, a centre of power, 74

Cattle stealing, 74

Channel Islands, Laws of the, 242-243, 248-257

Charges, prejudice against, 271

Charles I., Trial of, 182

Chaucer's compliment to the law, 268

Cheltenham, Manor of, 94

Chemical test, 220

Christians, early punishment of, 137

Church and ordeals, 29

Clarke, Sidney W., Barbarous Punishments, 132-144

Clement's Inn, 260

Cock-Fighting in Scotland, 196-204

Cockieleerie Law, 200-204

Cock, tried for laying an egg, 154

Commonwealth Law and Lawyers, 178-196

Continental Feudalism, 77-82

Conveyancing Symbols, 50-51

Copyhold, 49, 83

Corsnedd, ordeal of, 35

Commandments, breaking, 3

Cross, ordeal of the 33

Crown, 56

Coventry Acts, 142-143

Court Baron, 84

Customary Court, 84

Crucifixion, 136

Dead bodies brought to place of judgment, 232

Debts, limitation of, 9

Declining knighthood, 63-64

Defilement, 8

Delivery of turf or twig, 50

Deposition of kings, 56

Devices of the Sixteenth Century Debtors, 161-164

Divine right of kings, 193

Dog carrying, 140

Dogs in recognition of tenure, 101

Dream evidence, 214-217

Dudley lands, 64

Durham Sanctuary, 17, 19

Escheats, 226

Emma, Queen, tried by ordeal, 30

Englishry, law of, 70

Executing gipsies, 167, 170

Failure to extripate gipsies from England, 170

Fatal Links, 205-223

Father, powers of, 9

Ferocity of forest laws, 119

Feudal lord, powers of the, 64

Feudal system, 58-62

Fining jurymen, 124

Fire ordeal, 28

Flagellation, 61

Flags, rendering for tenure, 101

Forests, great, 115-116

Forgery, punishments, 142

Fortune telling, 169

France, penal laws of, 140-141;
Trials of animals in, 149-154

Frankalmoign, 103

Free alms, 103-104

Fridstools, 17, 20

Frost, Thomas, Trial by jury in Old Times, 122-131;
Trials of animals, 149-160;
Little Inns of Court, 258-266

Furnival's Inn, 265

Gavelkind, 106-107

Ghosts, 217-220

Gibbet, gipsy rescued from, 176

Gipsies, laws relating to the, 165-178

Glove, 92

Godiva story, 74

Grand Serjeantry, 100

Great Civil War, 179

Greenacre case, 209

Hampden, John, 182

Hanged, drawn, and quartered, 133-134

Hasp and staple symbol, 52-53

Hat as a symbol, 53-54

Hawaii, ordeals in, 25

Henry VIII., laws against gipsies, 169

Hereford Fair, 101

Heresy, 228

Heriots, 91-92

Herrick on lawyers, 269

High treason, trial for, 122-124;
punishments for, 132-135

Hindoos, ordeals of the, 26-27

Holzmann, Maria Ann, murder of, 206-209

Homage, 53

Homicide, 11

Horse, trial of, 151

Hot iron, ordeal of, 27, 30, 31, 32

Howlett, England, the Manor and Manor Law, 83-94;
Ancient Tenures, 95-108

Hugh of Avalon, 120

Ignorance, sin of, 7

Iniquities, legal, 145

Irish Island Laws, 238-239

Isle of Man, Laws of the, 243-247

Island Laws, 237-257

Jews, extortions of, 73

Jocular tenure, 102

King's power limited, 12

Knight, service of, 96

Lanercost, the chronicle of, 272

Law under the Feudal System, 58-82

Law and Medicine abused, 269-270

Laws of the Forest, 109-121

Laws relating to the Gipsies, 165-178

Left-handed murder, 214

Letters of IV. Forms, 163

Lesemajesty, crimes of, 229-231

Lincoln's Inn, 266

Lipski, 213

Literature and Law, 275

Little Inns of Court, 258-266

Lords, power of, 58

Lord Chief Justice Popham, stolen by gipsies, 170

Loss of right hand, 138

Lyon's Inn, 259

Macdonald, James C., Devices of the Sixteenth Century Debtors, 161-164

Magna Charta, 63, 98

Manchester, Sanctuary at, 15, 16, 17

Manor and Manor Law, 83-94

Manor, origin of, 88

Marriage in feudal times, 59

Marriage laws, altering, 195

Marrying to atone for violence, 64

Martin, Maria, 214

Middle Ages, ordeals of, 29

Military service, 59

Military punishments, 136

Money raised by marriage, 72

Mortal Combat, 37-41

Mosaic law, 3

Mutilation, a favourite mode of punishment, 141-144

Muswell Hill murder, 213

Neilson, George, on Symbols, 43-57;
Post Mortem Trials, 224-236;
Obiter, 267-276

New Inn, 259

New way of paying old debts, 163

Nimrod, 111

Norman forest laws, 117

Oath, refusal to bear witness of, 8;
of fealty, 60

On Symbols, 43-57

Oppression of gipsies under Queen Elizabeth, 171

Ordeals, 24-42

Palace regulations, 138-140

Parricide, punishment for, 137

Paul's Cross, preaching at, 194

Peacock, Edward, Laws of the Forest, 109-121;
Commonwealth Law and Lawyers, 179-196

Peine forte et dure, 145-148

Penal Code, English, 145

Penn and Mead, trial of, 125

Persecution of gipsies, 171

Plantations, gipsies sent to, 178

Plays acted by gipsies, 176

Pigs, trial of, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157

Pillory, 142, 144

Poison, 135, 138

Poison, ordeal, 28

Poisoning, punishment for, 135

Poor laws, 9

Post-Mortem Trials, 224-236

Prejudice against gipsies, 172

Protecting the church in war time, 102-103

Proverb, oldest, 111

Punishments under Saxons, 61

Quakers, trial of, 125-131

Rann, Ernest H., trials in superstitious ages, 22-42;
Fatal Links, 205-223

Reasoning power, 267

Rebel Heads on City gates, 134

Refuge, cities of, 14

Regicides, 134

Robbing travellers in feudal times, 73-74

Robert de Belesone, cruel acts of, 65

Robert the Bruce, Conspiracy, 225

Rod in Scotland, 49

Roman Empire in its glory, 114

Rose Tenures, 102

Ruskin, Jno., on Coeur de Lion, 72

Sacrifice, laws relating to, 5-7

Sacrilege, 8

Sanctuaries, 13-22

Scilly Islands, laws of the, 239

Scoggan, Queen's jester, 163-164

Scotch Islands, laws of the, 239-242

Scotland, sanctuaries of, 21-22

Scott, John, of Edinburgh, 161-163

Scutage, 98

Self-slaughter, 229

Ship-money tax, 181

Shaving the head for theft, 69

Siamese, ordeals of the, 26

Silver spear, 55

Slavery, discharge from, 45

Slaves, ill treatment of, 8, 10;
under the Saxons, 60

Slaying gipsies, 175-176

Sods offered at the altar, 48

Spindle on the altar, 51

Staff and baton, 50

Staples Inn, 262

Star Chamber, 124-125

Strangulation, punishment by, 136

Straws, breaking, 48

Stocks, 67

Switzerland, trials of animals in, 154

Symond's Inn, 265

Thornton, Abraham, 40-41

Towns amerced, 70

Traitors, exempted from the Sanctuary, 15

Treason, trials for, 233

Trial by Jury in old times, 122-131

Trials of Animals, 149-160

Trials in superstitious ages, 22-42

Tynwald Day, 247

Usury, law of, 9

Villeinage, 86

Violating the sanctuary, 14, 21

Wager of Battel, 37, 41

Walters, Cuming, Law under the Feudal system, 58-82;
Island Laws, 237-257

Wand, 49

Welcoming gipsies to England, 168

Westminster, sanctuary of, 20

Whipping, 61;
Post, 67

William I., Forest Laws of, 118;
Burial of, 225

William the Red, Forest laws of, 119

Witchcraft, 144-45

Wollen Industry, protection of, 144

Women, free bench of, 93

Working of the sanctuary system, 16, 17

FOOTNOTES:

[1] This and other documents have been collected by Mr. T. J. de' Massinghi, whose monagraph on "Sanctuaries" (Stafford, 1888) is the chief source of information on the subject.

[2] See Andrews' "Old Church Lore," 1891, and the authorities there cited.

[3] The material facts in this paper up to this point are derived from _Thevenin's Textes relatifs aux Institutions privees_ and _Du Cange art. investitura_.

[4] Williams' "Real Property Law."

[5] Williams' "Real Property Law."

[6] Southey's Common Place Book, 4th Series, 1851, p. 175.

[7] Chapter x., verses 8 and 9.

[8] Ecl. II., line 62.

[9] Constitutional History of England, I. Ed., Vol. I., p. 289.

[10] The Lord Chief Justice, John Popham, who was born in 1531, is said to have been stolen when a child by the gipsies. They disfigured him and placed on his arm a cabalistic mark. Apparently it was a case of tattooing. But the story is discredited.

[11] _Gaujo_ is the name given by the gipsies to all strangers who are not of the Romany race.

[12] _Edition_ 1857, vol. i., p. 77.

[13] Peacock. _Army Lists of Roundheads and Cavaliers_, 2nd edit., 1874, p. 21.

[14] Wood, _Athenae Oxon_, sub nom.

[15] John Loden Gollpried's _Kronyck_, vol. iv., p. 454. Van der Aa, _Biographisch Woordenboek_, sub voce.

[16] Carlyle, _Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell_, vol. i., p. 50.

[17] Henry Scobell, _Acts and Ordinances_, 1645, chapter 57.

[18] "Michelet's History of France," viii., ch. 1. "Cheruel's Dictionnaire des Institutions," art. "Cadavre."

[19] "Pollock and Maitland's History of English Law," ii., 60. Bracton 51b, 262.

[20] "Lea's Superstition and Force" (ed. 1892), 359-70.

[21] "Roman de Rou," ii., 9320-40.

[22] "Three Metrical Romances" (Camden Socy.), xxvi., 33. See "Decretals of Gregory," lib. ii., tit. 28, cap. 25, _qua fronte_; also "Lyndwood's Provinciale," p. 278.

[23] "Bower's Scotichronicon," ii., 275. "Extracta e Cronicis," 150. "Scalacronica," 144.

[24] "Robertson's Index," 5, 10, 12, 19, 20, 21.

[25] "Rolls of Parliament," ii., 335.

[26] "Rolls of Parliament," iii., 384.

[27] "Rolls of Parliament," iii., 459.

[28] "Chronicle of Adam of Usk," pp. 44, 45.

[29] "Justinian's Institutes," iv., 18. "Digest," xlviii., 4, 11. "Code," ix., 8.

[30] "Tacitus," xvi., 11.

[31] "Code," i., 5, 4.

[32] "Decretals of Gregory," v., 7, 10.

[33] "Decretals of Gregory," v., 39, 28. "Lea's Studies in Church History," 264-66.

[34] "Haddan and Stubbs's Councils," i., 393. "Lea's Studies," 384, 425.

[35] "Lea's Chapters from the Religious History of Spain," 372, 492.

[36] "Cheruel's Dictionnaire," and "Denisart's Collection de Decisions," art. "Lesemajeste, memoire, suicide."

[37] For a curious English case of gibbetting a suicide in 1234, see "Maitland's Bracton's Note Book," 1114: compare "Bracton," fo. 150.

[38] "La Loy de Beaumont" (Reims 1864), p. 241.

[39] "Acts of Parliament, Scotland," ii., 356.

[40] "Mackenzie's Criminal Law," i., 6, 21-2. "Hume's Law of Crimes," i., 539. "Pitcairn's Criminal Trials," ii., 278. "Riddell's Scottish Peerages," ii., 757-58.

[41] "Acts Parl. Scot.," ii., 356.

[42] But = without.

[43] "Acts Parl. Scot.," ii., 369.

[44] "Acts Parl. Scot.," ii., 415.

[45] Case of Earl of Huntly in 1562. Tytler's "Hist. of Scotland," iii., 167.

[46] "Acts Parl. Scot.," i., 415.

[47] "Bain's Calendar of Border Papers," ii., 417.

[48] "Border Papers," ii., 711.

[49] "Pitcairn's Crim. Trials," ii., 233, 241.

[50] Pitcairn, ii., 167-8. "Acts Parl. Scot.," iv., 199.

[51] "Birrel," quoted in "Pitcairn," ii., 247.

[52] _Quhill_, until.

[53] For an example in 1603, that of Francis Mowbray, see "Pitcairn," ii., 406-9.

[54] A full account of the trial is given in "Pitcairn," ii., 276-92.

[55] Lord Hailes quoted in "Pitcairn," ii., 277.

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then we get a chapter on 'Memorial Crosses,' and another on 'Wayside
and Boundary Crosses.' The volume teems with facts, and it is evident
that Mr. Tyack has made his study a labour of love, and spared no
research in order, within the prescribed limits, to make his work
complete. He has given us a valuable work of reference, and a very
instructive and entertaining volume."--_Birmingham Daily Gazette._

"An engrossing and instructive narrative."--_Dundee Advertiser._

"As a popular account of the Cross in history, we do not know that a
better book can be named."--_Glasgow Herald._

In The Temple.

By a BARRISTER-AT-LAW.

_Price One Shilling._

This book opens with a chapter on the history of the Temple. Next follows an account of the Knight Templars. The story of the Devil's Own is given in a graphic manner. A Sketch of Christmas in the Temple is included. In an entertaining manner the reader is informed how to become a Templar, the manner of keeping terms is described, and lastly, the work concludes with a chapter on call parties.

"Amusing and interesting sketches."--_Law Times._

"Pleasing gossip about the barristers' quarters."--_The Gentlewoman._

"A pleasant little volume."--_The Globe._

The Red, Red Wine.

By THE REV. J. JACKSON WRAY.

_Crown 8vo., 330 pp. A portrait of the Author and other illustrations._

_Price 3s. 6d._

"This, as its name implies, is a temperance story, and is told in the lamented author's most graphic style. We have never read anything so powerful since 'Danesbury House,' and this book in stern and pathetic earnestness even excels that widely-known book. It is worthy a place in every Sunday School and village library; and, as the latest utterance of one whose writings are so deservedly popular, it is sure of a welcome. It should give decision to some whose views about Local Option are hazy."--_Joyful News._

"The story is one of remarkable power."--_The Temperance Record._

"An excellent and interesting story."--_The Temperance Chronicle._

Faces on the Queen's Highway.

By FLO. JACKSON.

_Elegantly Bound, Crown 8vo., price 2s. 6d._

Though oftenest to be found in a pensive mood, the writer of this very dainty volume of sketches is always very sweet and winning. She has evidently a true artist's love of nature, and in a few lines can limn an autumn landscape full of colour, and the life which is on the down slope. And she can tell a very taking story, as witness the sketch "At the Inn," and "The Master of White Hags," and all her characters are real, live flesh-and-blood people, who do things naturally, and give very great pleasure to the reader accordingly. Miss Jackson's gifts are of a very high order.--_Aberdeen Free Press._

Old Church Lore.

BY WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.

_Demy 8vo., 7s. 6d._

CONTENTS--The Right of Sanctuary--The Romance of Trial--A Fight between the Mayor of Hull and the Archbishop of York--Chapels on Bridges--Charter Horns--Tho Old English Sunday--The Easter Sepulchre--St. Paul's Cross--Cheapside Cross--The Biddenden Maids Charity--Plagues and Pestilences--A King Curing an Abbot of Indigestion--The Services and Customs of Royal Oak Day--Marrying in a White Sheet--Marrying under the Gallows--Kissing the Bride--Hot Ale at Weddings--Marrying Children--The Passing Bell--Concerning Coffins--The Curfew Bell--Curious Symbols of the Saints--Acrobats on Steeples--A carefully prepared Index--Illustrated.

"An interesting volume."--_The Scotsman._

"A worthy work on a deeply interesting subject.... We commend this
book strongly."--_European Mail._

"The book is eminently readable, and may be taken up at any moment
with the certainty that something suggestive or entertaining will
present itself."--_Glasgow Citizen._

"Mr. Andrews' book does not contain a dull page.... Deserves to meet
with a very warm welcome."--_Yorkshire Post._

A Lawyer's Secrets.

BY HERBERT LLOYD.

AUTHOR OF "THE CHILDREN OF CHANCE," ETC.

_Price One Shilling._

"Mr. Herbert Lloyd gives us a succession of stories which may reasonably be taken to have their origin in the experience of a lawyer practicing at large in the criminal courts. It is natural that they should be of a romantic nature; but romance is not foreign to a lawyer's consulting room, so that this fact need not be charged against this lawyer's veracity.... The stories, seven in all, cover the ground of fraud and murder, inspired by the prevailing causes of crime--greed and jealousy. Our lawyer is happy in having the majority of his clients the innocent victims of false charges inspired and fostered in a great measure by their own folly; but this is a natural phase of professional experience, and we are only concerned with the fact that he generally manages it as effectively in the interests of his clients as his editor does in presenting them to his audience."--_Literary World._

"A volume of entertaining stories.... The book has much the same interest as a volume of detective stories, except that putting the cases in a lawyer's mouth gives them a certain freshness. It is well written, and makes a capital volume for a railway journey."--_The Scotsman._

"A very entertaining volume."--_Birmingham Daily Gazette._