Chapter I: Part I: (Cantos I. and II.), 9d. Part II. (Cantos III. and IV.),

9_d._ Part III. (Cantos V. and VI.), 9_d._

_Notes to Scott's Waverley._

By H. W. EVE, M.A., Head Master of University College, London.
1_s._

WAVERLEY and NOTES. 2_s._ 6_d._

_Twenty of Bacon's Essays._

By FRANCIS STORR, B.A. 1_s._

_Simple Poems._

Edited by W. E. MULLINS, M.A., Assistant-Master at Marlborough
College. 8_d._

_Selections from Wordsworth's Poems._

By H. H. TURNER, B.A., Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1_s._

_Wordsworth's Excursion.--The Wanderer._

By H. H. TURNER, B.A., Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1_s._

_Milton's Paradise Lost._

By FRANCIS STORR, B.A. Book I. 9_d._ Book II. 9_d._

_Selections from the Spectator._

By OSMUND AIRY, M.A., Assistant-Master at Wellington College. 1_s._

_Browne's Religio Medici._

By W. P. SMITH, M.A., Assistant-Master at Winchester College. 1_s._

_Goldsmith's Traveller, and The Deserted Village._

By C. SANKEY, M.A., Assistant-Master at Marlborough College. 1_s._

_Extracts from Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield._

By C. SANKEY, M.A., Assistant-Master at Marlborough College. 1_s._

_Poems selected from the Works of Robert Burns._

By A. M. BELL, M.A., Balliol College, Oxford.

_Macaulay's Essays:_

MOORE'S LIFE OF BYRON. By FRANCIS STORR, B.A. 9_d._
BOSWELL'S LIFE OF JOHNSON. By FRANCIS STORR, B.A. 9_d._
HALLAM'S CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY. By H. F. BOYD, B.A., late Scholar
of Brasenose College, Oxford. 1_s._

_Southey's Life of Nelson._

By W. E. MULLINS, M.A., Assistant-Master at Marlborough College.

RIVINGTONS: LONDON, OXFORD, AND CAMBRIDGE

_HISTORICAL HANDBOOKS_

_Edited by_

OSCAR BROWNING, M.A.,

FELLOW OF KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

Crown 8vo.

HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH INSTITUTIONS.

By PHILIP V. SMITH, M.A., Barrister at Law; Fellow of King's
College, Cambridge. 3_s._ 6_d._

HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE.

Adapted from the French of M. Demogeot. By C. BRIDGE. 3_s._ 6_d._

THE ROMAN EMPIRE. From A.D. 395 to A.D. 800. With Maps and Plans.

By A. M. CURTEIS, M.A., Assistant-Master at Sherborne School, late
Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. 3_s._ 6_d._

HISTORY OF MODERN ENGLISH LAW.

By Sir ROLAND KNYVET WILSON, Bart., M.A., Barrister at Law; late
Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. 3_s._ 6_d._

ENGLISH HISTORY IN THE XIVTH CENTURY.

By CHARLES H. PEARSON, M.A., late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
3_s._ 6_d._

THE REIGN OF LEWIS XI. With Map.

By F. WILLERT, M.A., Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. 3_s._ 6_d._

In Preparation.

THE GREAT REBELLION.

By the EDITOR.

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

By the Rev. J. FRANCK BRIGHT, M.A., Fellow of University College,
and Historical Lecturer in Balliol, New, and University Colleges,
Oxford; Author of an "English History for the use of Public
Schools."

THE AGE OF CHATHAM.

By Sir W. R. ANSON, Bart., M.A., Fellow of All Souls' College, and
Vinerian Reader of Law, Oxford.

THE AGE OF PITT.

By the same.

THE SUPREMACY OF ATHENS.

By R. C. JEBB, M.A., Professor of Greek in the University of
Glasgow.

THE ROMAN REVOLUTION. From B.C. 133 to the Battle of Actium.

By H. F. PELHAM, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of Exeter College,
Oxford.

HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.

By Sir GEORGE YOUNG, Bart., M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge.

HISTORY OF ROMAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS.

By J. S. REID, M.L., Christ's College, Cambridge.

RIVINGTONS: LONDON, OXFORD, AND CAMBRIDGE

_HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHIES_

EDITED BY

REV. M. CREIGHTON, M.A.

LATE FELLOW AND TUTOR OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD.

EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE

HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHIES

_Edited by_

THE REV. M. CREIGHTON, M.A.

LATE FELLOW AND TUTOR OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD

With Maps.

The most important and the most difficult point in historical teaching is to awaken a real interest in the minds of beginners. For this purpose concise handbooks are seldom useful. General sketches, however accurate in their outlines of political or constitutional development, and however well adapted to dispel false ideas, still do not make history a living thing to the _young_. They are most valuable as maps on which to trace the route beforehand and show its direction, but they will seldom allure any one to take a walk.

The object of this series of Historical Biographies is to try and select from English History a few men whose lives were lived in stirring times. The intention is to treat their lives and times in some little detail, and to group round them the most distinctive features of the periods before and after those in which they lived.

It is hoped that in this way interest may be awakened without any sacrifice of accuracy, and that personal sympathies may be kindled without forgetfulness of the principles involved.

It may be added that around the lives of individuals it will be possible to bring together facts of social life in a clearer way, and to reproduce a more vivid picture of particular times than is possible in a historical handbook.

By reading short biographies a few clear ideas may be formed in the pupil's mind, which may stimulate to further reading. A vivid impression of one period, however short, will carry the pupil onward and give more general histories an interest in their turn. Something, at least, will be gained if the pupil realises that men in past times lived and moved in the same sort of way as they do at present.

The series contains the following Biographies:

SIMON DE MONTFORT. [_Price 2s. 6d._ THE BLACK PRINCE. [_Price 2s. 6d._ SIR WALTER RALEIGH. OLIVER CROMWELL. THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.

LIFE OF EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE

BY LOUISE CREIGHTON

_WITH MAP AND PLANS_

RIVINGTONS WATERLOO PLACE, LONDON Oxford and Cambridge

MDCCCLXXVI

"In war, was never lion rag'd more fierce,
In peace, was never gentle lamb more mild,
Than was that young and princely gentleman;
... when he frown'd it was against the French,
And not against his friends; his noble hand
Did win what he did spend, and spent not that
Which his triumphant father's hand had won:
His hands were guilty of no kindred's blood,
But bloody with the enemies of his kin."

SHAKESPEARE, _Richard II._ Act ii. Scene 2.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I.

_EARLY YEARS OF THE BLACK PRINCE._

Page

1330 Birth 1
Position of Edward III. 2
Fall of Mortimer 3
Scottish Affairs 4
1333 Edward's Claim to the French Crown 7
Prince Edward's Education 9

CHAPTER II.

_BEGINNING OF THE FRENCH WAR._

1336 Flanders and Jacques van Arteveldt 12
1338 Edward III. sails for Flanders 14
His Journey to Coblentz 15
He leads an army into France 16
1339 He grants Charters to the Flemings 16
1340 Birth of John of Gaunt 17
Edward III.'s Money Difficulties 17
Battle of Sluys 19
Edward III. Invests Tournai 20
Truce with France 21
1344 Earl of Derby sent to Guienne 22
English Possessions in France 22
1345 Edward III. goes to Flanders again 24
Murder of Van Arteveldt 25

CHAPTER III.

_CRESSY._

Constitution of Edward III.'s Army 27
1346 Edward III. sails from Portsmouth 31
He lands at La Hogue 32
Capture of Caen 33
Edward III. marches up the Seine 34
Pursuit of Philip 35
Battle of Cressy 37

CHAPTER IV.

_THE SIEGE OF CALAIS._

1346 Edward III. lays siege to Calais 46 1347 Surrender of the Garrison 49 Heroism of the Six Burghers 49 Edward III. returns to England 51 1349 Geoffroy de Chargny tries to retake Calais 52

CHAPTER V.

_CHIVALRY._

1347 Effect of Edward's Victories on England 54
Chivalry 55
Education of a Knight 56
Institution of Knighthood 57
Ideal of Knighthood 58
Tournaments in England 60
Order of the Garter 61
Dress 64
Furniture 66
Amusements 67
Miracle Plays 68
Christmas Festivities 69
Hunting and Hawking 70

CHAPTER VI.

_THE BLACK DEATH._

1348 First appearance of the Black Death in England 72
Its Ravages 74
1349 The Flagellants 75
Effect of the Black Death on Labour 76
The Statute of Labourers 78
Condition of the Labourer 81
Langland's "Vision of Piers the Plowman" 82

CHAPTER VII.

_RENEWAL OF WAR WITH FRANCE._

1350 Sea-fight with the Spaniards 86 1351 State of France 90 1354 Triple Invasion of France 92 1356 Burnt Candlemas 93

CHAPTER VII.

_POITIERS._

1355 The Black Prince sails from Poitiers 94
His Raid into France 95
1356 He starts on his Second Campaign 96
Capture of Romorantin 97
Battle of Poitiers 98
Capture of King John 107
The Black Prince returns to Bordeaux 110

CHAPTER IX.

_TRIUMPHAL RETURN TO ENGLAND._

1356 Entry of the Black Prince into Bordeaux 113 1357 Black Prince, with King John, sails for England 115 They enter London in triumph 115 State of France 119 1358 Jaquerie 121 1359 Peace Negotiations 122

CHAPTER X.

_THE PEACE OF BRETIGNY._

1359 Edward III. leads a mighty Army into France 123
He lays siege to Rheims 125
He marches into Burgundy 127
Sir Walter Manny assaults the barriers of Paris 127
1360 Treaty signed at Bretigny 128
King John returns to France 129
Chandos Lieutenant in Aquitaine 131

CHAPTER XI.

_EDWARD III.'S JUBILEE._

1361 Meeting of Parliament 132
Black Prince's Marriage 133
John of Gaunt becomes Duke of Lancaster 133
Geoffrey Chaucer 134
1362 Edward III. celebrates his Jubilee 139
1363 Sumptuary Laws 140
Archbishop Islip's Remonstrance 141
Wealth of the City of London 142
King John's return to England 144

CHAPTER XII.

_THE BLACK PRINCE IN AQUITAINE._

State of Aquitaine 145
Bastides 146
Edward III.'s Policy in Aquitaine 147
Black Prince's Court at Bordeaux 149
1364 Birth of Prince Edward 150
State of Spain 151
Don Pedro and Henry of Trastamare 153
1366 Black Prince promises to help Don Pedro 155
Preparations for the Spanish Campaign 158

CHAPTER XIII.

_SPANISH CAMPAIGN._

1367 Birth of Prince Richard 159
Troops meet at Dax 160
Bertrand Du Guesclin 161
Black Prince crosses the Pyrenees 162
Henry's Manifesto 163
Black Prince marches to Logrono 164
Battle of Navarette 165
Restoration of Don Pedro 169
Black Prince winters round Valladolid 170
He Returns to Aquitaine 171

CHAPTER XIV.

_FAILURE IN AQUITAINE._

Effects of Spanish Campaign 173
1368 Release of Du Guesclin 175
Death of Don Pedro 176
Hearth Tax in Aquitaine 177
Discontent in Aquitaine 177
1369 Black Prince summoned to Paris 179
Death of Chandos 180
1370 Siege of Limoges 183
1371 Black Prince returns to England 186

CHAPTER XV.

_ENGLISH POLITICS._

1369 Death of Queen Philippa 187
Growth of Parliament 188
Parliaments of Edward I. 189
Parliaments of Edward III. 190
State of Clergy 192
1371 The Papacy 193
1351 The Popes at Avignon 194
1353 Statutes of Provisors and Præmunire 195
1371 Lancaster's Opposition to the Clergy 197
Lancaster's Union with Wiclif 197
William of Wykeham 199
Petition of Parliament against the Clergy 200
Triumph of Lancaster's Party 201
1374 Congress at Bruges 202

CHAPTER XVI.

_THE GOOD PARLIAMENT._

1376 Unpopularity of Lancaster 204
Meeting of Parliament 205
De la Mare, Speaker 206
Petitions of Parliament 208
Impeachments of Lyons, Lord Latimer, &c. 208
Impeachment of Alice Perrers 210

CHAPTER XVII.

_DEATH OF THE BLACK PRINCE._

1376 Scene round Black Prince's Death-bed 212
His Funeral 215
His Character 217
Results of the French Wars 220

CHAPTER XVIII.

_THE FIRST YEARS OF RICHARD II._

Lancaster's return to power 221
1377 Charges of Heresy against Wiclif 222
His "Simple Priests" 223
1381 Peasant's Revolt 223
Insurgents enter London 224
Murder of Archbishop Simon Sudbury 225
Death of Wat the Tyler 225
Wiclif's Translation of the Bible 226
Summary 229

PLANS AND MAP.

Plan of Cressy 39 Plan of Poitiers 99 Map of France at end of vol.