Chapter VI: A New Arrangement (2)

"How long will it have to be in the oven, ma'am?" said Mary.

"If you use the ventilator as I have told you to do, you may follow the same rules in baking meat that would hold good for roasting it: that is, you may allow a quarter of an hour to the pound, and a quarter of an hour over for red meats, and twenty minutes to the pound for white meats. But if the ventilator is not used, the oven would get very hot, and ten minutes to the pound, with ten minutes over, would probably be sufficient, excepting in cases where the meat was very thick and solid."

"And do we make gravy for baked meat in the same way that we make it for roast meat, ma'am?" said Mary.

"Certainly," said Mrs. Herbert.

"Well, I must say," said Margaret, when in course of time the baked meat was dished and set on the table, "that I think baked meat tastes quite as well as roast meat, and it is much less troublesome to cook."

"I do not agree with you, Margaret," replied her mother. "I do not consider baked meat is equal to roast meat. Nevertheless, if it is carefully cooked, if the ventilator is left open, and if the meat is well basted, there is not much difference between the two, and certainly baking is a very convenient mode of dressing meat. Besides this, it is a way which nine people out of every ten must adopt; they have no choice in the matter. Therefore, I hope you will try to remember what I have told you about baking."

"Indeed we will," said both the children.

(_To be continued._)

A Harvest Song.

_Words by_ GEORGE DAVIES.

_Music by_ J. M. BENTLEY, Mus. Doc.

1. With the set-ting of the sun All the work is near-ly done,
And the last up-lift-ed sheaf Brings the toil-ers sweet re-lief.

2. Down the nar-row coun-try lane Trails the hea-vy-la-den wain;
Men and wo-men, old and young, Singing loud their sim-ple song.

3. Now the barn the corn re-ceives--Piled up high the gold-en sheaves;
While the jol-ly reap-ers sing Till the ve-ry raft-ers ring.

Repeat in CHORUS.
Greet the reap-ers as they come With a wel-come har-vest-home!

WAITING FOR FATHER.

Father's boat comes sailing,
Sailing from the west;
On the shore stand watching
Those who love him best.

Blooms the gorse so golden
On the breezy down,
Comes a sound of joy-bells
From the busy town.

In the fisher's cottage
Mother's work is done,
Through the open window
Streams the sinking sun.

Cheerily the kettle
Sings upon the fire,
Ticks the old clock loudly,
Creep the shadows higher.

Just now, in the gloaming,
When the boat is in,
And the fish are counted
With a merry din,

All those five together
Up the cliff will come,
Peacefully and gladly,
To their cosy home.

STORIES TOLD IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

_By_ EDWIN HODDER ("OLD MERRY").

II.--THE CORONATIONS IN THE ABBEY.

Come with me now inside the Abbey. We take off our hats here with great reverence, for we are not only in the House of God, but in the midst of the memorials of some of the most gifted of our countrymen. It is Poet's Corner. But we will not linger here; I want you to come right away into the chapel of Edward the Confessor, and as we pass along picture to yourselves how the Abbey looked on Coronation days, when the light from the great stained glass windows fell upon crowds of brave men and fair women, all robed in costumes of state to see the crown of England placed upon a monarch's head. You must try and imagine the moment when, as the Coronation rubric has it, "the Dean of Westminster bringeth the crown, and the Archbishop taking it of him, putteth it reverently upon the Queen's head. At the sight whereof the people with loud and repeated shouts cry, 'God save the Queen!' and trumpets sound, and by a signal given the great guns at the Tower are shot off."

Well, now we are in the chapel of Edward the Confessor, and I see you all look at that chair standing by the screen. It is well worth looking at, for it is doubtful whether there is any curiosity in all England to compare with it in interest. It is King Edward's chair, upon which English monarchs have been crowned for many centuries, and while we stand near it, I shall tell you very briefly about the crowning of some of our kings and queens.

For more than 800 years the coronations of English monarchs have regularly taken place in Westminster Abbey. Duke William of Normandy claimed the throne as lawful successor of Edward the Confessor, and upon the Confessor's gravestone the burly Norman stood to receive the crown of England. There were two nations represented in the throng assembled here that day. Godfrey, Bishop of Coutances, made a speech in French, Alred, Archbishop of York, spoke in English, and then the crowd, some in French and some in English, hailed William the Conqueror as their king. While this was going on inside the Abbey the Norman cavalry were without sitting on their war-horses, ready to quell any disturbance should it arise. They had not long to wait. It seems that they were not aware that their leader was to go through the form of receiving by popular vote the crown which he had already won by his sword, and when they heard the excited shouting inside the building they thought something had gone wrong, and so they set fire to the gates of the Abbey. Then the crowd inside the building were sure there was something wrong without, and they rushed out, only to be trodden down by the Norman horse-hoofs. Only monks and prelates remained within, and the ceremony of coronation was hurried through, while William, for the first time in his life, it is said, trembled from head to foot; and so ended the first coronation in the Abbey of which we have any authentic information.

Nothing of importance marks the coronation of William Rufus. When he perished in the New Forest, within four days Henry I. was in the Abbey claiming the crown, and making all sorts of promises in order to get the thing done speedily. So he was crowned by the Bishop of London, being in too great a hurry to wait for the arrival of either of the archbishops, who were away from London.

In those days, when times were troublous, kings were not so anxious to have throngs of people in fine dresses, and specially composed music and all that sort of thing. They only wanted men with good swords, and as much speed in being crowned as possible, for "delays were dangerous." Stephen was almost as prompt as his predecessor; Henry ate his supper of lampreys on December the 1st, and Stephen was crowned on St. Stephen's Day, December 26th, 1135. At the next coronation, that of Henry II., Norman and Saxon rejoiced together at the prospect of an era of peace. Prince Henry, son of Henry II., was crowned during his father's lifetime, on June 14th, 1170. At the coronation banquet, when his father stood behind him, the Prince remarked, "The son of an earl may well wait on the son of a king." The event took place during the height of the quarrel between Henry II. and Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose right it was to put the crown on the royal head. Accordingly Becket excommunicated the Archbishop of York and the assistant bishops who had officiated on the occasion. This led to the murder of Becket, with disastrous consequences too numerous for me to allude to here.

At the coronation of Richard I. there was a grand array of nobles and prelates, who came with the king from his palace to the Abbey and witnessed the ceremony. Ill omens attended the occasion; a bat fluttered round and round the throne at mid-day, and at night (they say) there was a peal upon the bells, of which no one could give an explanation. But the day was also marked by real horrors. From superstitious fears the Jews had been forbidden to witness the ceremony. But at the banquet some of them were discovered amongst the bystanders. They were at once beaten almost to death. The mob began plundering the Jews' houses, and murdering the inmates, and at York and other cities similar scenes quickly followed.

At John's coronation the custom began of having the canopy over the king's head carried by the five Barons of the Cinque Ports. This was in return for their aid to John in his frequent voyages. When Henry III. succeeded, Westminster was in the hands of Prince Louis of France, "the Dauphin" of Shakespeare's play. The king was accordingly crowned at Winchester; but he had a second coronation in Westminster Abbey, on May 17, 1220, having on the previous day laid the foundation-stone of his Lady Chapel, which was to be the germ of an entirely new edifice. All previous coronations were said to be outdone by the feasting and joviality on this occasion.

There was high rejoicing when Edward I. came back from the Holy Land, two years after his accession, and was crowned in company with his beloved Eleanor, the first royal couple who were crowned in the Abbey together. Alexander III. of Scotland did homage on the following day, and in his honour 500 great horses were let loose in the crowd for any persons to catch and keep that could.

Edward I. brought from Scotland the noted stone upon which for centuries the Scottish monarchs had been installed, and had it placed in this oaken chair which still covers it. According to tradition, this stone was the one on which Jacob slept at Bethel, and which by a series of remarkable adventures had been transported successively to Egypt, Sicily, Spain, and Ireland. In Ireland they say it stood on the hill of Tara, and that upon it were enthroned the ancient Irish kings. Fergus, founder of the Scottish monarchy, took the stone to Dunstaffnage Castle, and Kenneth II. (here we get hold of historic fact) placed it at Scone in the ninth century. Wherever it may have wandered, it is unquestionably a piece of sandstone from the western coasts of Scotland, and is most probably (says Stanley) the stony pillow of St. Columba, on which his dying head was laid in the Abbey of Iona. On this stone the reign of every English monarch from Edward I. to Victoria has been inaugurated. Only once has it been taken out of the Abbey, and that was for Oliver Cromwell to be installed upon it as Lord Protector in Westminster Hall.

At the coronation of Edward II. the crown was carried by Piers Gaveston, the unworthy favourite whom it had been the dying wish of Edward I. to have excluded from the court. In 1327, Edward III. (by consent of his deposed father) was crowned whilst his mother Isabella, "the she-wolf of France" (as Gray calls her), pretended to weep all through the ceremony. Of the coronation of Richard II. full details are preserved in the "Liber Regalis," a book drawn up by Abbot Littlington, and ever since carefully preserved by the Abbots and Deans, as it sets forth the order which has been observed in all subsequent ceremonials. Proceedings commenced with a grand procession through the city from the Tower, a custom which was kept up till the time of Charles I. The young king rode bareheaded, and was escorted by a body of knights, created for the occasion, and who, from the bath they took in company before assuming their armour, were styled the Knights of the Bath. The young king was taken out fainting from the long ceremonial just as Sir John Dymote, as champion, rode up to the Abbey gates on his charger, to challenge any who dared to dispute the royal succession. It is the first time we hear of the Champion; but it was an age of knightly revivals, and this was probably one of them.

We next see Henry IV. and Henry V. successively installed on the Stone of Scone; and then comes Henry VI., a child of nine, "beholding all the people about sadly and wisely;" his queen, Margaret of Anjou, was crowned here fourteen years afterwards. The coronation of Edward IV. presents no particular feature of interest. For that of Edward V. all was ready, robes for the guests, provisions for the banquet. But the Tower beheld the "midnight murder" of the only English monarch who never wore the crown. Then with splendid ceremonial Richard III. tried to cover the defects of his title. Six thousand gentlemen rode with him to Westminster Hall on June 26th, 1483, and a few days afterwards there was a very grand procession to the Abbey, when Richard and his wife were anointed King and Queen of England. Amongst the Queen's train was Margaret of Richmond, little dreaming that within three years her son should be crowned here as Henry VII. But this monarch's real coronation had already taken place, when the crown of England was found in the hawthorn bush on Bosworth Field, and placed on Richmond's head by Lord Stanley. The public ceremonial was only a poor display. Not so the next event of this character, when Henry VIII. and Catherine of Arragon were crowned with great splendour, and when for the last time a Roman Catholic Archbishop performed the ceremony. Anne Boleyn's coronation (commemorated by Shakespeare) was a noticeable one, and Cranmer, fresh from sentencing Catherine, performed the ceremony.

Edward VI. came to the Abbey, now a Cathedral, amidst much curious pageantry, and for the first time a Bible was presented to the sovereign.... Mary's procession to the Abbey is signalised by the exploits of a Dutchman, who sat astride on the weathercock of St. Paul's five hundred feet in the air, as the Queen passed. The two Archbishops and the Bishop of London were all in the Tower, so Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, put the crown on Mary's head. On Jan. 14th, 1559, London was wild with joy, as Elizabeth passed from the Tower to the Abbey. The women flung flowers into her lap, groups of children sang welcomes, even old men wept for gladness. The Bishop of Carlisle crowned the Queen.

James I. was crowned in the time of the Plague, so there was no procession. There was a slight hitch because his wife refused the sacrament. She had "changed once from Lutheran to Presbyterian, and that was enough." The coronation of Charles I. was marked by a slight earthquake shock. This was not the only bad omen. The dove of gold on the staff of Edward the Confessor had been broken, none knew how, and had to be replaced. Oliver Cromwell did not venture on a ceremony in the Abbey; he was enthroned, as I have already said, in Westminster Hall.

At the Restoration, Charles II. was crowned "with the greatest solemnity and glory," as the old historian says. The Regalia was all new, to replace that which had been lost during the Commonwealth. The crown was placed on the king's head by the weak and aged Archbishop Juxon, who had attended Charles I. on the scaffold. At the coronation of James II., a hundred thousand pounds were spent over the Queen's robes and jewels, and the procession was omitted to save expense, much to the wrath of the Londoners. As the crown was placed on James's head, it tottered and would have fallen, but for the Keeper of the Robes, who held it up.

The next coronation, that of William and Mary, was delayed two hours by the receipt of the news that James II. had just landed in Ireland. The Queen, being very short, had to be lifted into the chair of state. When girt with the sword and invested with crown and sceptre, the Princess Anne, who stood near her, said, "Madame, I pity your fatigue." The Queen sharply replied, "A crown, sister, is not so heavy as it seems." When the King came to make the usual offering, he found he had no money with him, and had to borrow twenty guineas from a nobleman. Anne was suffering from gout when her turn came to be crowned, and she had to be carried to the Abbey. Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, acted as Lord High Chamberlain. At the coronation of George I., the king knew no English and his ministers knew no German, but they all knew Latin imperfectly, and everything had to be explained to the monarch in that language. The crowning of George II. presents no particular feature of interest; that of George III. was a splendid show, and was marked by a curious incident. Amongst the witnesses was Prince Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, who had been staying in London under the name of Mr. Brown, and had managed to procure admission to the scene of his rival's triumph. George the Fourth's coronation was a splendid ceremony; but the portly monarch found it very exhausting, and whilst the peers were doing homage in succession, he used up pocket-handkerchiefs innumerable in wiping his streaming face, handing them when done with to the Archbishop of Canterbury. His unfortunate Queen, Caroline, had vainly tried to be present at the ceremony, but was repulsed at each of the doors she attempted to enter, and had to drive away discomfited. William IV., to please the political reformers of the period, wanted to dispense with a coronation altogether, and the procession and banquet _were_ omitted. Our present gracious Queen was crowned in the Abbey, in the flower of her youth, in June, 1838, and the ancient building was crowded with all that was eminent in the land as the crown was placed upon the girlish head of the illustrious lady who for nearly half a century has worn it so faithfully and so well.

THE LITTLE FLOWERS' WISH.

Some daisies grew in a green piece of turf just outside the palings of a garden. The grass all round them was soft and fine; they had plenty of room to grow in, and they were near enough to the road to see all that went by. Would you not have thought they were contented?

Little yellow butterflies came and told them stories, little shadowy clouds went scampering over the grass-plot, the pleasant warm sun shone down on their little round faces. And yet they were unhappy with all this.

Through a crack in the palings they had seen into the garden, and it made them all long to be there. Flowers of different kinds grew happily in the garden-beds. Some of them had sticks to lean against and some were trained against the wall.

"Oh, what care is taken of them!" thought the foolish little daisies.

Every day the gardener came and watered these choice flowers. And a stately lady paced the garden walks, and noticed if the flowers grew or faded.

"Oh, if only we could get into the garden!" sighed the daisies, ruffling all their little leaves; "oh, how much happier we should be if we were only growing in there!"

Just then there came running out of the garden a little child with golden hair. Whether he heard what the daisies said I do not know, but it almost seemed as if he did.

"Come along, little flowers," he cried, "would you like to come and live in the garden? See, I will plant you in nicely."

With his soft baby hands he plucked the little daisies from their stalks, sped back with them through the garden gate, and commenced to plant them in the earth. First he made a little hole for each of them in the soft brown mould, then put the rootless flowers in and pressed the earth round tightly.

"It is cold, it is cold," said the daisies.

"I shall have a nice little garden of my own now," said the child, and he ran away contented to his play.

Next day little Harold came to see his garden, and he burst into tears, for the poor little daisies were dead.

And other daisies grew in the grass-plot outside, and the butterflies told tales to them as of old.

THE EDITOR'S POCKET-BOOK.

JOTTINGS AND PENCILLINGS. HERE, THERE AND EVERYWHERE

The Wounded Cat and the Doctor.

Colonel Stuart Wortley says that when he entered the Malakoff, so famous in the Crimean war, he found a cat whose paw had been pinned to the ground by a bayonet that had fallen upon it. He released the poor thing, and took her for two mornings to the doctor to have her foot dressed. The next day he was absent on duty before daybreak, and puss went herself to the doctor's, scratched the tent to be admitted, and when she was let in, held up her foot to be attended to. This cat was very grateful to the colonel, for she followed him about the camp till the close of the war.

A Remarkable Bell.

In the temples at Kyoto, Japan, is a great bell, which swings in a huge wooden tower. The bell is a large bronze cup, with nearly perpendicular sides and a flat crown; and is sounded by bringing a big beam against the rim. It needs twelve natives to ring it. It used to be rung once a year, but it may now be heard twice or thrice a month. It is 18 feet high, 9-1/2 inches thick, 9 feet in diameter, and weighs almost 74 tons. It was cast in 1633, rim upwards; and the gold that entered into its composition is estimated at about 1,500 pounds. The tone of the bell is described as magnificent, and when struck with the open hand, the vibration may be heard a hundred yards off.

About the Mina Bird.

A lady in India sends me some interesting notes about a mina bird which she obtained possession of while travelling in the Presidency of Madras. These birds talk better even than parrots, and this one soon displayed his cleverness. On the day after his arrival he began to make such a noise that it was thought he was hungry, and the _ayah_, or nurse, was told to feed him. He was then heard to say "Mina wants his dinner." After he had had some food he said "Mina wants clean water." He calls out "Ayah" and "Boy," so naturally that at first the servants thought it was their master calling them. One day he created some amusement by crying out "Mina wants his breakfast dinner." It appeared he had already had some bread and milk, and being doubtful as to which meal he ought to ask for, gave an order comprehensive enough to include both meals, so as to make sure of one. He is dainty, and will eat only particular food. One day his curry and rice contained plenty of rice but not much curry, whereupon his dissatisfaction was promptly evinced by a shout of "No curry." He gave evidence of soon becoming an excellent linguist, and had acquired a knowledge of some of the native tongues.

An Historical Cocoa-Plant.

In a greenhouse belonging to the Royal Botanic Society there is a cocoa-plant which has achieved greatness, for it has actually borne fruit, and is, according to Professor Bentley, the first that has done so in England. The fruit gave evidence of reaching maturity and of ripening its seeds. Linnaeus called cocoa "Theobroma," by which he meant to imply that it was food for the gods, but Belzoni, writing in the sixteenth century, regarded it as fitter for pigs than for men. Readers will be able to decide this knotty point for themselves, despite the proverbial difficulty of deciding when doctors disagree. Sixty years ago the annual consumption of cocoa amounted to only a quarter of a million pounds, but now it has reached a total of probably not less than twelve millions of pounds.

The International Health Exhibition.

The great Health Show which was opened in May has already proved itself to be the most prominent feature of the London summer season. It embraces a display of everything even remotely connected with Health, and a more interesting and attractive collection it would be impossible to form. Appealing, as it does, to the taste of all ages, its variety is certainly charming. Nor is it without its educational value, as the "bits" of Old London, the historical costumes, and the trades in operation, abundantly testify. And not the least pleasing circumstance is that those very exhibits which are of an instructive character are the most popular. One sees in different ways that the experience gained by the Fisheries Exhibition of last year has been of immense service to the promoters of the Health Exhibition. The grounds have been decorated and illuminated by night so successfully that the Horticultural Gardens have been transformed into fairyland itself. The lakes and terrace picked out in many-coloured lamps, the lawns festooned with Chinese lanterns, the dazzling brilliancy of the electric light that lords it supreme overhead, the strains of the military bands, all combine to render the grounds of the exhibition the favourite open-air resort of Londoners and visitors during the warm summer nights.

Famous Old London Buildings.

The most novel feature of the exhibition is a street in which have been constructed imitations of several of the most celebrated buildings in Old London. Each has been carefully reproduced from engravings and drawings in Mr. Gardner's priceless collection. The street begins with an excellent imitation of Bishopsgate, one of the City gates, with moss-grown walls, and statues of Bishop William the Norman, and of Alfred the Great and Aldred. On one side of the street will be found such quaint and picturesque buildings as the "Rose" Inn and "Cock" Tavern, the "Three Squirrels," Izaak Walton's House, and All Hallows' Church, Staining; on the other side will be seen, among others, Dick Whittington's House and the Hall of the Holy Trinity Guild in Aldersgate. The street ultimately narrows into Elbow Lane, in which will be observed a number of historical places, such as Gunpowder Plot House, where Guy Fawkes and his fellows concocted their detestable plot; and the curious houses at Pye Corner--which are illustrated on the opposite page--where the Great Fire of London ceased its ravages. The street runs down to London Wall. The ground floor of the houses is occupied by shops, in which the different trades of the old City Guilds are carried on. Perhaps the only thing that spoils the illusion--apart from the unavoidably modern crowds of sightseers--is that the interiors of the houses are connected by a gallery that runs from one end of the street to the other, so that you may enter the "Rose" Inn and come out at All Hallows' Church, or _vice versa_.

Model Dairies.

In the South Gallery will be noticed a number of Model Dairies, which are well worth a visit. Here little folk will see how the trade has been revolutionised, and how in such matters even as milk and butter machinery has to a very large extent replaced hand labour. These dairies are beautifully clean, and the effect is in one case decidedly improved by the introduction of a few stalls occupied by some pretty cows and a little calf, some ewes and two kids, and some queer-looking Zulu sheep, all of which excite much admiration.

Trades in Operation.

The West Gallery is one of the most popular and instructive in the Exhibition. Here a variety of trades are in full operation, in which it is possible to trace an article from the raw to the finished state. In one stand, for instance, may be seen the whole process of mustard-making. The seed may be viewed in the _pulveriser_, then in the _crusher_, then in the _sieve_, and then being done up in packets of various sizes for sale. The making of jam also affords much entertainment to onlookers. Doubtless the nature of the trade will account for the large crowds who surround the stand where Messrs. Allen's industrious workmen turn out lozenges, and almonds, and chocolate in enormous quantities. Their machines are busy from morn till night. Where all the operations are interesting it is difficult to specify any in particular; but, perhaps, the process of preparing, cutting out, and printing lozenges is as worthy of special attention as any. Elsewhere the mysteries of meat-cutting machines may be solved, and the processes of aerated water making and of soap-making studied with profit. These are but types of the busy life of the West Gallery, which resounds with the clang of machinery in motion, and the hum of hundreds of voices of amused spectators.

The Costume Show.

In the Western Quadrant will be found an exhibition of waxworks that would have filled poor Artemus Ward's heart with joy. There are two series of figures, representing English civil costumes and military uniforms from William the Conqueror almost to the present day. They have been prepared under the personal superintendence of the Hon. Lewis Wingfield, and may therefore be relied upon for accuracy in every respect. These series will repay careful study. The civil costumes start with those of two women, a shepherd, and a man of the period of William I. and wind up with samples of the era of George IV. It is impossible here to go into details, but it may be said that costume does not necessarily improve with time, as the dress of the last period is certainly the worst. The military uniforms begin with some suits of armour from the Tower, then proceed to a halberdier of Henry VII., and so on down to the uniforms now in actual use. The West Quadrant should on no account be missed by visitors to the Exhibition. In the Eastern Quadrant will be seen some specimens of present-day attire, chiefly ladies' and children's dresses.

(_From a Drawing in Mr. Gardner's Collection._)]

Street of Furnished Rooms.

Those who feel an interest in the modern methods of furnishing rooms will be glad to have their attention called to this street in the South Central Gallery. Here room after room has been equipped in the richest and most artistic fashion, and full advantage should be taken of this opportunity for comparison between styles of furnishing a house of the most varied character possible.

Other Exhibits.

I cannot stay to mention even one-twentieth of the different exhibits. Little folk who have seen the Show will know it is not possible for me to do so here. There are foreign annexes full of interesting articles. The London Water Companies have a pavilion all to themselves. The South Gallery may be regarded as an elaborate model of the food of London. Then the British Beekeepers' Association will explain much of an instructive kind about the busy bee. In short, the whole Exhibition is so full of information of a useful and, in some cases, even of a delightful sort, that I must now leave the subject with the intimation of that fact.

Young Heroes.

Some time ago a child fell off Oreston Pier, near Plymouth, and had drifted out about seven yards in twelve feet of water, when a little boy, nine years old, named S. G. Pike, plunged into the sea with his clothes on, reached the child, and swam back with it to some steps, where they were both assisted out. Another boy, W. W. Haynes, aged twelve, saved the life of a child who had fallen from a bridge into the river at Llanberis, near a whirlpool. E. S. Deacon, a girl, twelve years old, rescued a lad from drowning at Blackpool, near Dartmouth. The boy had slipped off a rock and become unconscious, when Miss Deacon jumped into the water fully dressed, and succeeded in holding him up until help arrived. We are glad to know that the Royal Humane Society rewarded these brave children for their noble heroism.

An Intelligent Mare.

A mare, with her young foal, was grazing in an orchard on an American farm, when she was noticed to run at full speed from a distant part of the orchard, making a loud cry--not like her usual voice, but a kind of unnatural "whinny," like a scream of distress. She came up to a farm servant, as near as a fence would allow, turned back for a short distance, and then returned, keeping up the shrill noise all the while. The man's curiosity became excited, and as soon as he started to follow her, she went off in the direction of a miry place that had been left unguarded, and stopped upon its very brink. Hurrying on as fast as he could, the man found the colt lying dead, suffocated in the mud and water. The poor mare had unfortunately been unable to procure his help--though she tried her best--in time to save her foal. This touching instance of maternal affection is a very interesting example of the way in which the "dumb" animals--as they are somewhat absurdly called--make up for the want of speech. The mare's strange cry and her extreme restlessness were as eloquent as words.

ABOUT THE FRANCOLIN.

Partridges by any name would taste as sweet, and when you have learnt that the francolin is one of the few different kinds of partridge, you will have obtained the chief clue to the life-history of these birds. They may in a general way be defined as the representatives in various parts of Asia (as in India and the Caucasus mountains) and Africa, of the well-known family which is so diligently searched for in this country during the month of September. One sort of francolin is still to be met with in the countries of Europe that border on the Mediterranean. The bird was at one time common in Sicily, and it is yet to be found in the island of Cyprus. Some of them live on level plains, and others in forests. They differ from our partridge in that they studiously shun cultivated ground, preferring the proximity of woods, in which they carefully select damp spots overgrown with reeds. In time of danger they conceal themselves in the densest brushwood, out of which they do not emerge until the peril is past. Should no shelter be at hand, they will try to seek safety in flight, and will use their wings only in the last resort. Partridges, as we are all aware, are not averse from feeding many times and oft on grain; but the francolins, whose taste is not so fastidious, will not refuse to dine on the wild berries as well as on grain, while they hunt for worms and insects with a zeal worthy of the cause. Some of them have rather a fondness for perching and roosting on trees of a night, and they display the same affection for their young as partridges show for theirs. The cry is harsher and noisier than that of the latter. There is one sort which has a cry of so curious a description that a good deal of speculation has arisen as to its significance. It sounds like "Tre-tre-tre," and is meant, according to a prosaic Sicilian proverb, to be a declaration by the bird of its market value, which it assesses at _three_ coins. Others have likened its cry to the harsh, grating blast of a cracked trumpet. Such being the case, it is just as well that we have no francolins in this country.

The "Little Folks" Humane Society.

_THIRTIETH LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS._

_Officers' Names are printed in Small Capital Letters, and the Names of their Members are printed beneath. Where a short line, thus "----," is printed, the end of an Officer's List is indicated._

AGE

42654 Mary Roberts 12 42655 Nellie Halse 13 42656 Ernest Wilson 7 42657 Susan Wills 16 42658 Sylvia Tapp 18 42659 William Angove 9 42660 John Wisdom 11 42661 M. B. Kneebone 7 42662 Eliza Halse 16 42663 Charles Angove 5 42664 Richard Angove 7 42665 A. Sherwood 20 42666 Lily Wisdom 7 42667 E. M. Spyers 15 42668 Lucy Woodman 16 42669 John Butcher 19 42670 W. J. H. Pott 9 42671 Thomas Hankins 11 42672 RACHEL E. SPYERS, Weybridge 13 42673 Kate Porter 17 42674 E. W. Hickens 12 42675 Cecil N. Money 12 42676 Sarah Heather 18 42677 E. Arkwright 11 42678 F. O'Fflahertie 11 42679 Frank Harper 10 42680 A. R. Hoskins 11 42681 Robert Jones 9 42682 William F. Smith 13 42683 John H. Watson 15 42684 Godfrey Brooks 14 42685 Percy James 13 42686 Elizabth. Diplock 19 42687 W. E. Smith 10 42688 A. S. McLachlan 7 42689 William Floyd 10 42690 Cleophas Fulker 9 42691 Herbert Caulder 9 42692 A. M. Beckett 15 42693 C. Threadgold 9 42694 Charles Jeffery 11 42695 Alice C. Wilson 13 42696 F. P Rennie 10 42697 Chas. M. Orme 12 42698 Henry McDonall 12 42699 Tom Spyers 11 42700 Percy Hewett 11 42701 Sidney F. Brooks 12 42702 Robt. McDonall 11 42703 C. J. Rennie 8 42704 H. J. Fellowes 13 42705 A. F. Fellowes 9 42706 C. Farquharson 14 42707 Tom James 10 42708 Wm. G. R. Orme 12 42709 Ellen B. Wilson 16 42710 Herbert Wilson 9 42711 Henry Verity 12 42712 Basil H. Wilson 10 42713 H. M. Hoskins 14 42714 J. H. Lawrence 12 42715 E. O. Beverley 12 42716 Henry Berrend 9 42717 Julia Spiers 16 42718 Amos Daws 19 42719 G. M. Wilson 17 42720 William Hodges 10 42721 George Wilson 11 42722 FLORA S. A. BEESON, Brentwd. 13 42723 Charles H. Haws 13 42724 Amy Young 12 42725 George Hall 16 42726 Alice Lucking 12 42727 Arthur Lucking 6 42728 Arthur R. Hall 11 42729 Ernest T. Hall 6 42730 Mabel Keeth 7 42731 Alice H. Haws 15 42732 Gertrd. Edmonds 12 42733 Robert Edmonds 8 42734 M. M. Lambert 12 42735 Sutton Lambert 10 42736 Florence Keith 13 42737 Blanche Keith 11 42738 Ethel Keith 8 42739 Katie Fuller 15 42740 Violet Chew 7 42741 S. Linwood 10 42742 Emma H. Cudby 17 42743 Florence Timms 8 42744 Lilian Brown 10 42745 Margie Young 14 42746 Eva Goodman 13 42747 A. B. Clowes 13 42748 F. M. Prior 12 42749 Clara A. Clowes 7 42750 Ellen A. Prior 10 42751 Nellie Simpson 18 42752 Ada E. Cudley 15 42753 Ethel A. Wallis 11 42754 Annie Wellings 10 42755 C. Webster 14 42756 Maud Wellings 8 42757 Geo. H. Harris 18 42758 Mary E. Harris 19 42759 Alice Pollock 9 42760 Margret Pollock 11 42761 M. F. E. Hughes 12 42762 J. A. Scrivener 10 42763 M. M. Scrivener 3 42764 J. M. Beveridge 17 42765 L. K. Scrivener 8 42766 Thos. Scrivener 14 42767 Ernest Scrivener 16 42768 E. E. Scrivener 18 42769 R. J. Beveridge 15 42770 J. M. Beveridge 18 42771 Adela L. Harris 15 42772 Ada Simpson 13

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42773 Mary B. Mead 10 42774 Charles Culross 12 42775 Henry Wilkinson 10 42776 Kathl. Wilkinson 11 42777 Margt. Wilkinson 13 42778 Linda A. Spicer 13 42779 F. M. Whitehouse 11 42780 Mary Penzer 16 42781 F. M. E. Kenyon 12 42782 Ernest L. Sikes 12 42783 FLORENCE KEMSLEY, Epping 12 42784 Jessie E. Barnard 7 42785 Alice Andrews 17 42786 Edgar Larkin 9 42787 Walter W. Lyne 7 42788 Alfred J. Lyne 10 42789 Gertrde. M. Lyne 13 42790 Alice Adams 12 42791 Elizabeth Wright 7 42792 Amy E. Pegrum 14 42793 Eliza J. Blowes 19 42794 Ada Pegrum 8 42795 A. A. Dorrington 15 42796 Eliza French 17 42797 Gertrd. Simpson 6 42798 Ellen C. Teece 16 42799 Minnie T. Teece 10 42800 Julia Teece 12 42801 Kate Simpson 11 42802 Emily Teece 14 42803 Lilian L. Davis 6 42804 Cyril L. Davis 9 42805 Edith E. Rickett 9 42806 Rosa M. Kemsley 7 42807 W. H. Kemsley 9 42808 A. U. Kemsley 10 42809 Harry Doye 10 42810 Minnie Cripps 8 42811 Albert Adams 8 42812 Alice Wade 8 42813 Victor Adams 6 42814 Charlotte Cripps 14 42815 Mary Silvester 12 42816 Herbert Bailes 6 42817 George Doye 7 42818 Arthur Seymour 8 42819 Annie French 13 42820 Caleb Bailes 8 42821 Ellen Mansfield 9 42822 Emily Saban 9 42823 George Ford 9 42824 James Seymour 11 42825 Alice M. Soundy 13 42826 Jessie M. Collins 15 42827 Rosa M. Soundy 18 42828 Sarah E. Rowe 16 42829 E. A. Mansfield 13 42830 Janet Byles 11 42831 Ellen Leach 10 42832 Rose England 18 42833 Harold Larkin 15

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42834 A. M. Crompton 16 42835 S. H. Crompton 18 42836 Alice Corbet 13 42837 Annie Corbet 17 42838 Clara E. Jannett 15 42839 Eliza Corbet 15 42840 Evelyn H. West 13 42841 Lucy Bradbury 14 42842 Minnie Ellwood 13 42843 May Waddington 14 42844 Ina Barrington 12 42845 Maud E. Bailey 17 42846 Jane T. Fildes 15 42847 Mary H. Fildes 14 42848 James R. Fildes 11 42849 Henry G. Fildes 9 42850 HERBT. G. FULLMER, Wolverhampton 13 42851 Harry Hedgecox 10 42852 Richard Clark 8 42853 Charles Carter 10 42854 Wm. Mullinder 12 42855 Geo. Farrington 9 42856 James Trow 9 42857 William T. Spicer 8 42858 John Munday 6 42859 William Rowley 8 42860 D. G. Thatcher 7 42861 Wm. H. Knowles 9 42862 Harriett Munday 9 42863 Jane E. Taylor 9 42864 William Crook 9 42865 Geo. E. Matthews 9 42866 William Brookes 5 42867 Sarah A. Dwight 10 42868 John Chatter 12 42869 Elizbth. H. Perry 8 42870 Alfred Allen 10 42871 Alice Thomason 10 42872 M. A. Poultney 10 42873 John Cornes 13 42874 Eva A. Thatcher 9 42875 Alice Thatcher 13 42876 A. E. Mansell 9 42877 Catherine Allen 13 42878 John Evans 14 42879 C. W. Knowles 11 42880 Richard Hopkins 15 42881 Albert Dwight 7 42882 R. E. Thatcher 16 42883 Fredk. Brasier 10 42884 Amy Cresswell 10 42885 Ellen Eaton 10 42886 Alfred Thatcher 12 42887 Annette Mansell 12 42888 Florry Munday 7 42889 Elizbth. Knowles 11 42890 G. E. Summers 5 42891 J. B. Parker 13 42892 Geo. S. Evans 11 42893 C. W. Livermore 6 42894 John Harley 11 42895 S. L. Parker 7 42896 J. P. Parker 9 42897 Gertrude Dwight 11 42898 Alice Mansell 13 42899 E. A. Brasier 12 42900 Wm. Thomason 12 42901 Emily Tisdell 12 42902 Ellen Priest 8 42903 May Summers 7 42904 C. W. Munday 5 42905 T. Cresswell 8 42906 W. B. Perry 9 42907 W. H. Crook 7 42908 Fred Cresswell 12 42909 H. E. Carter 7 42910 John Boucher 12 42911 Harry Law 8 42912 George Walker 13

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42913 Emily Barley 15 42914 ANNIE A. HALL, Liscard 11 42915 Arnold Hunter 9 42916 Sarah Preston 12 42917 Ann J. Bibby 10 42918 Thos. Henshaw 7 42919 Ellen Godwin 7 42920 Isabella Miller 11 42921 A. Burgoyne 20 42922 Charles Perris 9 42923 N. Grisewood 7 42924 Bertie Joyce 9 42925 George Satchell 9 42926 M. O'Donoughue 9 43927 Annie Taylor 10 42928 Maggie M. Booth 10 42929 Marie Shayler 8 42930 Annie Kendal 10 42931 Polly Robinson 12 42932 William Karran 6 42933 W. A. Milliken 8 42934 R. Henderson 8 42935 Edgar Grisewood 9 42936 Nellie Jackson 13 42937 E. McFadzen 17 42938 Emily Henshaw 12 42939 E. L. Craig 8 42940 Harriet Dodshon 9 42941 Ida Edwards 8 42942 Lillie Parry 7 42943 Edith Lockley 9 42944 Thomas Gillet 7 42945 Annie Hughes 14 42946 M. L. Hughes 12 42947 Emily Mullineux 10 42948 Annie McEvoy 12 42949 John E. Parry 9 42950 William H. Hall 6 42951 James McEvoy 6 42952 Hugh Williams 10 42953 Francis S. Hall 8 42954 Florence A. Smith 12 42955 William Lockley 7 42956 John N. Gillet 9 42957 Bertie Abbey 8 42958 Ada Pemberton 12 42959 Charles Abbey 9 42960 Beatrice E. Fox 10 42961 Emily Fox 12 42962 Janet Burgoyne 12 42963 Ada Mullineux 7 42964 George Burgoyne 9 42965 NELLIE MATHIAS, Liscard 10 42966 Adelaide Davies 11 42967 Margery Woller 9 42968 Thomas Hughes 13 42969 Sarah Baker 13 42970 Mary H. Shaw 11 42971 Annie Broomby 9 42972 Annie Carran 13 42973 B. E. Davies 9 42974 Esther Smith 5 42975 Bessie Underhill 9 42976 Edith Davies 12 42977 Edith Williams 10 42978 Margt. A. Smith 11 42979 Cissie Craig 10 42980 Edith A. Booth 9 42981 Cissie Williams 12 42982 Grace Jones 17 42983 George Pulford 11 42984 Harriet Fisher 9 47985 John C. Ledder 14 42986 Jane Sargent 10 42987 Jessie Henshaw 13 42988 Janet Garner 11 42989 J. E. Holdsworth 6 42990 Emma Williams 7 42991 Elizabeth Peers 13 42992 E. A. Bleakley 8 42993 E. M. Fisher 11 42994 Martha Minniss 11 42995 Gertrd. F. Settler 8 42996 Emily Peers 9 42997 Sarah Minnis 13 42998 Annie Kneale 9 42999 Hanah H. Leather 8 43000 James Prichard 14 43001 Thomas Jones 10 43002 Ethel Williams 12 43003 Jessie Bleakley 6 43004 Ellen Leather 13 43005 Annie Williams 8 43006 Dora Ledsham 11 43007 Maggie Bibby 8 43008 Katie McEvoy 9 43009 Edith Taylor 9 43010 M. E. Huntington 19 43011 Elizabeth White 17 43012 Harriet Holmes 11 43013 Lucy Fellows 13 43014 Carrie Burgess 12 43015 Edith Holdsworth 8 43016 A. W. Horner 11

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43017 Annie M. Evans 14 43018 A. M. M. Evans 6 43019 Margt. H. Evans 13 43020 Alexandra Dodge 14 43021 MARGT. A. JACKSON, Wigan 15 43022 Mary M. Jackson 17 43023 H. M. Jackson 14 43024 Eliz. A. Jackson 10 43025 Ellen Guy 19 43026 Mary J. Guy 17 43027 Emma Guy 15 43028 Sarah Guy 13 43029 Lillie Guy 12 43030 Frank Browne 13 43031 Herbert Browne 10 43032 Arthur Browne 10 43033 Harry Browne 6 43034 Olive Williams 15 43035 A. G. Ferguson 8 43036 L. F. Ferguson 5 43037 A. M. G. Ferguson 7 43038 Maggie Blaylock 14 43039 Annie Blaylock 11 43040 Elizbth. Blaylock 10 43041 Ethelwyn Phillips 11 43042 M. A. Foreman 12 43043 Harold J. Cooke 5 43044 Maggie Naylor 12 43045 Ada A. Lee 12 43046 Emily Innis 13 43047 Edith Heaton 9 43048 Sarah Heaton 10 43049 A. Davenport 11 43050 L. K. Dawson 13 43051 Agnes Dawson 17 43052 E. M. Richmond 15 43053 Levi Booth 8 43054 Sarah E. Booth 12 43055 Lucy E. Perrins 13 43056 Edith M. Perrins 17 43357 Mary M. Summer 9 43058 Charltte. Summer 12 43059 John Hilditch 9 43060 Emily Hilditch 13 43061 Ernest A. Rider 7 43062 Clara Leadbeater 11 43063 Annie E. Rider 9 43064 Mary Rider 11 43065 Peter Leadbeater 14 43066 E. Leadbeater 16 43067 M. A. Fairhurst 9 43068 E. L. Fairhurst 11 43069 F. W. Fairhurst 13 43070 M. H. Bryham 13 43071 M. E. Bryham 12 43072 J. N. HAWORTH, Bolton 13 43073 Milton Clarke 6 43074 Will S. Forrest 8 43075 Annie Forrest 4 43076 Herbert Maude 14 43077 Harry Rostron 14 43078 Bertie Hamson 12 43079 Fred Rostron 12 43080 M. E. Windsor 15 43081 D. C. Walker 10 43082 M. E. Hodgkinson 12 43083 R. H. Harworth 18 43084 W. Duckworth 16 43085 Alice Harwood 10 43086 Annie Parkinson 7 43087 Tom Scholes 20 43088 Edith Scholes 7 43089 Clara Scholds 6 43090 Lizzie Duxburg 11 43091 Rosa Kirkman 19 43092 Arthur Lee 10 43093 G. F. Murphy 10 43094 James W. Smith 16 43095 Daniel Rostron 8 43096 Marie Amiere 21 43097 C. J. A. Amiere 13 43098 Clifford Harker 12 43099 Inthe Harker 9 43100 Neville Harker 6 43101 Elsie Harker 14 43102 E. A. Moscrop 21 43103 Harry Frow 10 43104 Ann Elliott 14 43105 Emma Lindow 14 43106 Louisa Gilham 14 43107 Harriet Holt 13 43108 Alice H. Holt 14 43109 Jane Parker 15 43110 Joseph Adamson 14 43111 Herbert Pearson 9 43112 Maggie Scholes 15 43113 Catherine Scholes 13 43114 Josiah Irkin 13 43115 F. Eccles 18 43116 Geo. W. Ironfield 10 43117 V. Eccles 11 43118 E. F. Graveson 14 33119 F. S. Graveson 12 43120 Florence Smith 16 43121 M. Winstanley 15 43122 Ada Harwood 13 43123 T. H. PILLING, Blackpool 14 43124 Thos. Singleton 16 43125 J. E. Singleton 13 43126 Agnes Singleton 18 43127 A. M. Singleton 11 43128 M. E. Singleton 9 43129 Alice Singleton 15 43130 W. Mayors 11 43131 Hugh Butcher 11 43132 Louis Butcher 12 43133 Howard Evans 11 43134 Ernest Threlfell 10 43135 Frederick Lund 10 43136 Sarah Lund 19 43137 Margrt. A. Lund 16 43138 William Bouth 13 43139 Ada Gregson 8 43140 Mary E. Smith 8 43141 Mary Mildred 18 43142 Chas. L. Snelson 10 43143 M. Fitz-Simmonds 19 43144 Sarah A. Smith 9 43145 Hollans Gregson 11 43146 James Waring 13 43147 John P. Mallison 16 43148 Annie Mallison 9 43149 Ada Maudsley 8 43150 Mabel Maudsley 6 43151 William Orrell 13 43152 Kay Duxburg 6 43153 Lydia Duxburg 9 43154 Jos. A. Duxburg 13 43155 Henry Duxburg 5 43156 Cecil Huggins 6 43157 Fred Scholes 14 43158 Alfred Scholes 10 43159 Arthur Scholes 8 43160 Joseph Burgess 8 43161 Walter Reason 8 43162 J. W. Burgess 11 43163 J. Pilling 8 43164 Henry Layland 11 43165 W. Entrowistle 12 43166 J. F. Firesthurst 11 43167 James Condon 11 43168 Harry Shanks 12 43169 John Baxter 13 43170 Ben Holden 13 43171 William Grundy 11 43172 Emily Broughton 7 43173 Eliz. Harworth 9

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43174 Adriana de Ciani 16 43175 Carmela de Ciani 15 43176 Mary Bruno 15 43177 Josephine Veratti 14 43178 Clara Himmer 15 43179 Edvige Bono 14 43180 Teresa Vittadini 14 43181 Margaret Lucca 14 43182 Amalia Manara 12 43183 N. Santostefano 9 43184 BEATRICE ELLISON, Liverpool 14 43185 Fanny Pring 14 43186 Leslie Parker 10 43187 Walter Evans 13 43188 M. A. Boumphrey 7 43189 Daisy Cotterell 11 43190 Flrnce. Freeman 13 43191 Jessie Darning 12 43192 Charles Simpson 9 43193 F. E. Kerridge 12 43194 Marion Bancroft 13 43195 Frances Lease 13 43196 Gertrude Dorning 15 43197 E. Boumphy 13 43198 F. Gittings 10 43199 Gwladys Jones 17 43200 Norah Gittins 5 43201 Constance Wilson 6 43202 Grace Rickett 14 43203 Minnie Simpson 12 43204 Rosey Verdon 9 43205 M. Boumphrey 11 43206 Herbert Marrison 12 43207 Percy Ellison 11 43208 J. H. Turner 15 43209 Elphie Muir 11 43210 Mamie Robinson 12 43211 R. L. Timothy 10 43212 Agnes A. Jones 14 43213 C. Rishton 11 43214 Fred White 11 43215 R. G. Williamson 11 43216 C. Stanley Ellison 10 43217 Daisy Sampson 11 43218 R. Elphick 15 43219 Mary Willett 14 43220 John Hart 13 43221 Amy Wilson 14 43222 Leslie Payne 11 43223 Duncan Kennedy 13 43224 Eva Moss 14 43225 Agnes Aston 16 43226 Kate Ramsay 13 43227 Esther Oakes 15 43228 Florence Sinclair 15 43229 Emma Welsh 13 43230 Amy Henderson 14 43231 Laura Brown 14 43232 F. Leedam 9 43233 Harold E. Evans 13 43234 Gerard Gittins 8 43235 ARTHUR WATKIS, Bedford 13 43236 Nat How 12 43237 Harry Street 11 43238 Earnest Nisbet 12 43239 Ernest Sampson 12 43240 John H. Walker 17 43241 Edgar Oakden 14 43242 Godfrey Drowe 8 43243 Herbert Drowe 12 43244 Mary Beadnell 10 43245 Earnest Briant 14 43246 Emily Beadnell 7 43247 Nora Craig 14 43248 Henry Bate 12 43249 Fredk. H. Mence 12 43250 John Bate 13 43251 Ethel Sheffield 13 43252 Henry Webbe 11 43253 Hrbt. Nicodemus 7 43254 William Edmonds 12 43255 William Sheffield 13 43256 Earnest Beadnell 8 43257 Jack Platts 10 43258 Hallald B. Food 15 43259 Harrison Sheffield 15 43260 A. E. Ransome 10 43261 William Drowe 13 43262 Annie Beadnell 6 43263 George Barrett 11 43264 Maud Beadnell 11 43265 P. Lobb 15 43266 Winnie Craig 12 43267 Walter Warden 12 43268 Arthur Sampson 13 43269 John Nisbet 14 43270 Arthur Kendall 11 43271 George Beadnell 14 43272 H. Abbott 13 43273 William Beadnell 16 43274 Robt. H. Oakden 17 43275 Edith L. Oakden 7 43276 F. E. B. Oakden 7 43277 Edith Platts 9 43278 John How 13 43279 Peter Kaye 14 43280 Joe How 12 43281 Connie Drowe 6 43282 Edith Beadnell 16 43283 William How 15 43284 Tom How 15 43285 Thomas Oakden 7

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