Chapter IV: Section II

ACCOUNT OF ARISTOTLE'S HISTORY OF ANIMALS.

Aristotle's Ideas respecting the Soul--His Views of Anatomy
and Physiology--Introduction to his History of Animals,
consisting of Aphorisms or general Principles--His Division
of Animals; their external Parts; their Arrangement into
Families; their internal Organs; Generation, &c. 55

PLINY THE ELDER.

ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE AND WORKS.

Introductory Remarks--Notice respecting Pliny by
Suetonius--Account of his Habits, as given by his Nephew,
Pliny the Younger--Various Particulars of his Life--His
Death occasioned by an Eruption of Vesuvius--Buffon's
Opinion of the Writings of Pliny--Judgment of Cuvier on the
same Subject--Brief Account of the Historia Naturalis,
including Extracts respecting the Wolf, the Lion, and other
Animals--Cleopatra's Pearls--History of a Raven--Domestic
Fowls--General Remarks, 74

GESNER, BELON, SALVIANI, RONDELET, AND ALDROVANDI.

ZOOLOGISTS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

Conrad Gesner--Account of his Life and Writings, preceded by
Remarks on those of AElian, Oppian, Albertus Magnus, Paolo
Giovio, and Hieronymus Bock--Pierre Belon--Hippolito
Salviani--Guillaume Rondelet--Ulysses Aldrovandi--General
Remarks on their Writings, and the State of Science at the
Close of the Sixteenth Century, 102

JONSTON, GOEDART, REDI, AND SWAMMERDAM.

ZOOLOGISTS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

Brief Account of the Lives and Writings of John Jonston,
John Goedart, Francis Redi, and John Swammerdam--Notice
respecting the principal Works of Swammerdam--His Birth and
Education--He studies Medicine, but addicts himself chiefly
to the Examination of Insects--Goes to France, where he
forms an Acquaintance with Thevenot--Returns to Amsterdam,
takes his Degree, improves the Art of making Anatomical
Preparations--Publishes various Works--Destroys his Health
by the Intensity of his Application--Becomes deeply
impressed with religious Ideas--Adopts the Opinions of
Antoinette Bourignon--Is tortured by conflicting
Passions--Endeavours to dispose of his Collections--Is
affected with Ague and Anasarca, and dies after protracted
Suffering--His Writings published by Boerhaave--His
Classification of Insects, 118

RAY.

ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF RAY.

Birth and Parentage of Ray--He receives the Rudiments of his
Education at Braintree School--At the age of Sixteen enters
at Katherine Hall, Cambridge--Removes to Trinity College,
where he passes through various Gradations, and becomes a
Fellow--Publishes his Catalogue of Cambridge Plants, and
undertakes several Journeys--Extracts from his
Itineraries--Resigns his Fellowship--Becomes a Member of the
Royal Society--Publishes his Catalogue of English Plants,
&c.--Death of his most intimate Friend, Mr
Willughby--Character of that Gentleman--Mr Ray undertakes
the Education of his Sons, and writes a Vocabulary for their
Use--Notice of Dr Lister--Several Works published by Mr Ray,
who improves and edits Willughby's Notes on Birds and
Fishes--Continues his scientific Labours--Remarks on the
Scoter and Barnacle--Letters of Dr Robinson and Sir Hans
Sloane--Notice respecting the latter--Publication of the
Synopsis of British Plants, the Wisdom of God manifested in
the Works of Creation, &c.--Estimate of the Number of
Animals and Plants known--Synopsis of Quadrupeds and
Serpents--Classification of Animals--Various
Publications--Ray's Decline--His last Letter--His Ideas of a
Future State, and of the Use of the Study of Nature--His
Death, Character, and principal Writings, 136

REAUMUR.

ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF REAUMUR.

Birth and Education of Reaumur--He settles at Paris, where
he is introduced to the Scientific World by the President
Henault, and becomes a Member of the Academy of
Sciences--His Labours for the Improvement of the Arts--His
Works on Natural History, of which the Memoirs on Insects
are the most important--His Occupations and Mode of Life, 183

LINNAEUS.

SECTION I.

BIRTH AND EDUCATION OF LINNAEUS.

Birth and Parentage of Linnaeus--He is destined for the
Clerical Profession--His early Fondness for Plants--He is
sent to School, where his Progress is so slow that his
Father resolves to make him a Shoemaker--Is rescued from
this Fate by Dr Rothmann, who receives him into his
Family--He becomes decidedly attached to the Study of
Nature, enters the University of Lund, and is patronised by
Professor Stobaeus--When on an Excursion is attacked by a
dangerous Malady--Stobaeus surprises him in his nocturnal
Studies--He goes to Upsal--Is reduced to extreme Poverty,
from which he is relieved by Professor Celsius, whom he
assists--Is next patronised by Rudbeck, and delegated to
read his Lectures--Forms a Friendship with Artedi, 193

SECTION II.

JOURNEY TO LAPLAND.

Linnaeus, chosen by the Royal Society of Upsal to travel in
Lapland, sets out in May 1732--Enters Lycksele Lapland--A
Lapland Beauty--Beds made of Hair-moss--Conversation of a
Curate and a Schoolmaster--The Lapland Alps--Their
Vegetation--Brief Account of the Rein-deer--Passing over the
alpine Region, he enters Norway--Again visits the
mountainous Region--Difficulties of the
Journey--Pearl-fishery--Forests set on Fire by Lightning--At
Lulea he discovers the Cause of an epidemic Distemper among
the Cattle--Returns through East Bothland--Concluding
Remarks, 204