Chapter XXIV: Appendix: B (1)

KNIGHTS AND BURGESSES OF THE CITY OF LONDON.

The list of members representing the City of London in Parliament from 1284 down to the present day, here given, has been compiled mainly from the Blue Books of Parliamentary returns (printed in 1878 and 1879), but with large additions gathered from the City's own Records. It may fairly claim to be a more perfect list of City members than has hitherto been published.

The number of representatives of the City in Parliament has varied from time to time. In a treatise known as _Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, ascribed to the early part of the xivth century, the number of members for London, York and other Cities is given as two, the same as the number of Barons of the Cinq Ports and knights of shires.[854] The more usual number as gathered from the City's Archives was either two or four, although there have been occasions (as in the Parliament of 1284 and more especially during the Commonwealth) when it amounted to six and (as in Barebone's Parliament) even to seven. Frequently it happened that when the writ prescribed the election of two members, four or more were elected, although not more than two or, perhaps, three, were to attend.[855] It is in 1346 that we meet for the first time with a writ commanding the election of four members. In the following year a writ was issued for the election of the old number (two), but this was apparently a mistake, for another writ was soon afterwards issued stating that the number should be four. The City, however, displayed great apathy in the matter--the attendance in Parliament interfered no doubt with the commercial pursuits of the members--and, although four were elected, it was distinctly provided that any three or even two might attend.[856] On the other hand, when the City was called upon to elect two members for the Parliament of 1348, it returned four.[857] From 1351 to 1354 the writs prescribed only two members, and the City returned only two, but from 1355 down to the passing of the Redistribution of Seats Act in 1885[858]--that is to say, for a period of more than 500 years--the City of London has, if we except the Parliament of 1371, never been represented in the council of the nation by less than four members.

So long as the City was represented by two members, both were usually aldermen.[859] When four were returned, two were, as a rule, aldermen, and two commoners. The Recorder, who in earliest times was also an alderman of the City, was frequently returned with another alderman, and continued to be so returned long after he had ceased to be elected from the body of aldermen. Indeed, for two centuries--viz., from 1454 to 1654--the Recorder for the time being seldom failed to be elected one of the City's members; but from the time of the Restoration no Recorder has sat for the City, nor has the ancient custom of the City to be represented by an equal number of aldermen and commoners been followed. Prior to the Restoration the custom was so strictly observed that when a member who was a commoner happened to be elected alderman, he resigned his seat in Parliament in order that another commoner might be elected.[860]

The parliamentary elections were originally carried out by the mayor and aldermen and a deputation specially summoned from each ward, but the choice of members practically lay with the mayor and aldermen. In course of time the commoners came to be elected by the Common Council, but the aldermen still kept a hold on the elections by nominating certain individuals of whom the citizens were to make their choice.[861]

In 1523 we find an election taking place at the [court of] Husting[862] in the Great Hall. One alderman and the Recorder were nominated by the Court of Aldermen and their nomination was subsequently confirmed by the Common Council in the Guildhall; whilst two commoners were nominated by the commonalty attending at the Husting. But even the latter nominations appear to have been in this instance confirmed by the Common Council.[863] Six years later (viz., in 1529) the election proceedings are recorded somewhat differently. The election took place as before at the [court of] Husting in the Great Hall, the aldermen were nominated by the mayor and aldermen in the Inner Chamber of the Guildhall [_i.e._, in the Court of Aldermen] and were afterwards ratified and confirmed by a large gathering of the commonalty (_immensa communitas_) in the Great Hall, but the commoners were elected by the commonalty without any subsequent ratification by the Common Council.[864]

At what date the Livery--as distinct from the citizens at large--began to usurp the functions of the commonalty and claim the exclusive right of electing City members, is not clear; but that they did so monopolise the Parliamentary franchise long before it was restricted to them by the Election Act of 1725, there is ample evidence,[865] and they continued to enjoy this monopoly until the passing of the Reform Act of 1832.

The City members enjoyed, as we have seen,[866] certain allowances by way of "duties," "fees" or "wages," for their attendance in Parliament, besides gowns, robes or liveries for themselves and their servants, and a reasonable sum of money for expenses. According to Coke (4 Inst., p. 46) the fee or wage paid "time out of mind" to a knight of the shire was four shillings a day, whilst that to a citizen or burgess was half that sum;[867] and these same fees the City Chamberlain paid in 1584 to the alderman and the Recorder representing the City in Parliament, presumably, in their capacity as knights of the shire (the City of London itself constituting a county), and to the two commoners, sitting as burgesses, respectively.[868] In 1628 a question was raised in the House as to whether the aldermen representing the City in Parliment ranked as knights, but no decision appears to have been arrived at.[869]

When the City members attended Parliament, they went as befitted the representatives of the capital of the kingdom. Alderman and commoner alike wore scarlet gowns richly trimmed with fur, for which they received allowances, according to their dignity, of cloth and money. An alderman was allowed ten yards of cloth for his gown, a commoner five. Again, an alderman who had served as mayor received an allowance of 100 shillings for fur; an alderman who had not passed the chair was entitled to no more than 5 marks, whilst commoners received only half that sum.

One "livery" a session was the usual allowance, provided that there was not more than one session within the year; but when, as in 1532, Parliament continued to sit for a number of years, an allowance in cash was made to the members in lieu of another livery for themselves and their servants. This cash payment amounted to £6 13_s._ 4_d._[870]

In addition to wages and allowances already mentioned, the City members were allowed a certain amount of travelling (and other) expenses. From the ancient treatise already referred to we gather that in this respect (if in no other) they were customarily placed on an equality with the knights of shires.[871] When Parliament sat at Westminster, these travelling expenses amounted to little more than a shilling a day--the sum allowed them for boat-hire;[872] when, on the other hand, Parliament sat in some remote town, as it frequently did, they were greater. Thus in 1296, when Parliament was to meet at Bury St. Edmunds, the citizens voted their representatives 20 shillings a day for travelling expenses.[873] The two aldermen who represented the City in the Parliament held at York in 1298 were each allowed 100 shillings and no more.[874] On the other hand when nearly a century later (1388), Parliament sat at Cambridge, the City members were not only allowed their travelling expenses, but the cost of their board and lodging, and even their washing bills were discharged by the Corporation, the whole amounting to upwards of £100, a large sum in those days.[875]

In the middle of the 15th century, viz., in Thomas Chalton's mayoralty (1449-1450), the Common Council resolved that thenceforth the allowance for expenses should not exceed 40 shillings a day, but ten years later, when Parliament was to meet at Coventry, it showed a more liberal spirit and undertook to repay any further disbursements that the members might make for the honour and benefit of the City.[876] It did the same in 1464, when Parliament was to have sat at York.[877]

How long the City continued to make payments and allowances to its members is not clear. No doubt, as wealth increased and a seat in the House was looked upon less as a burden, men were found ready to undertake the duties on their own responsibility and without any extraneous assistance, and the custom of payment of members by the City became gradually obsolete. Take, for instance, the case of two of the City's representatives in the Parliament of 1661. Whilst, on the one hand, we find the Court of Aldermen authorising the Chamberlain to pay to John Jones, a burgess, a daily allowance of four shillings--a sum usually allowed knights of the shire--and this amount is recorded in the City's Chamber Accounts as having been duly paid;[878] on the other hand, we find alderman Sir John Frederick (elected member for the City _loco_ alderman Fowke deceased) returning the fees and allowances paid to him by the Chamberlain "for his full allowance for diett and boate hire ... and for his Robes alsoe."[879]

Lastly, it is to be noted that on the occasion of the opening of a new Parliament, the members for the City claim, and generally exercise, the privilege of sitting on the Treasury or Privy Councillor's bench; but on what grounds such privilege is claimed and allowed is not clear.[880]

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE CITY OF LONDON,

1284--1895.

1284.[881]
Henry le Waleys.
Gregory de Rokesle.
Philip Cissor.
Ralf Crepyn.
Joce le Acatour.
John de Gisors.

1296.[882]
Stephen Eswy.
William de Hereford.

1298.
Walter de Fynchyngfeld.
Adam de Foleham.

1300.[883] (March)
Geoffrey de Norton.
William de Betoyne.
John le Bancker.
William de Red.
[the first two returned.]

1305.
William de Combemartin.
Walter de Fynchyngfeld.

1307.
William de Combemartin.
Henry de Durham.

1309.
Henry de Durham.
William Servat.

1312.[884]
Nicholas de Farndon.
John de Wengrave.
Robert de Kelseye.
John de Sellyng _or_ David de Cotesbrok.

1312.[885]
Nicholas de Farndon.
John de Wengrave.
Robert de Kelseye.

1313.
Nicholas de Farndon.
William de Leyre.
William Servat.
Stephen de Abyndone.

1314.[886]
John de Gisors.
William de Leyre.
Robert de Kelseye.
Richer de Refham.
[or two of them.]

1315.
William de Leyre.
Henry de Durham.

1316.[887]
William de Combemartin.
John de Burford.
Ralph de Walcote.
William de Flete.
Simon de Abyndon.

1318.
John de Cherleton.
William de Flete.
Roger le Palmere.

1319.[888]
Hugh de Waltham.
William de Flete.
William de Hacford.
Michael Mynot.
John Waldeshef.
[or three of them.]

1320.
Nicholas de Farndon.
Anketin de Gisors.
Henry Monquoi.
Roger Hosebonde.

1321.[889]
Nicholas de Farndon.
Hamo Godchep.
John Sterre.
Thomas Prentiz.
[three or two of them.]

1322. (May)
Robert de Swalclyve.
Reginald de Conduit.
William de Hacford.
Gregory de Norton.
[three or two of them.]

1322. (Nov.)
Walter Crepyn.
Thomas de Chetyngdon.

1324.
Anketin de Gisors.
Henry de Seccheford.

1325.
Anketin de Gisors.
Henry de Seccheford.

1327. (Jan.)
Anketin de Gisors.
Henry de Seccheford.
Reginald de Conduit.
Thomas de Leyre.
Edmund Cosyn.
John Steere [Sterre?].
[two to attend.]

1327. (Sept.)
Benedict de Fulsham.
Robert de Kelseye.

1328. (Feb.)
Richard de Betoyne.
Robert de Kelseye.
John de Grantham.
John Priour, jun.

1328. (April)
Richard de Betoyne.
Robert de Kelseye.

1328. (Oct.)
Stephen de Abyndone.
Robert de Kelseye.

1330. (Mar.)
Stephen de Abyndone.
John de Caustone.

1330. (Nov.)
John de Grantham.
Reginald de Conduit.
Stephen de Abyndone.
[or two of them.]

1332. (Mar.)
Anketin de Gisors.
John de Caustone.
John Priour, jun.
Thomas de Chetyngdon.
[three or two of them.]

1332. (Sept.)
Reginald de Conduit.
John de Caustone.
Anketin de Gisors.
Thomas de Chetyngdon.
[three or two of them.]

1332.[890] (Dec.)
Richard de la Pole.
Thomas de Chetyngdon.
Henry Monquoi.
[or two of them.]

1334.
Reginald de Conduit.
John de Caustone.
Roger de Depham.

1335.
Richard de Rothingge.
Richard le Lacer.
Roger de Forsham.
[or two of them.]

1336.[891] (Mar.)
Henry de Seccheford.
Thomas de Chetyngdon.

1336. (Sept.)
John de Caustone.
Richard de Hakenaye.

1337. (Jan.)
Reginald de Conduit.
John de Caustone.

1337. (Sept.)
Reginald de Conduit.
Benedict de Fulsham.

1338. (Feb.)
John de Grantham.
Andrew Aubrey.
Ralph de Upton.
Richard de Rothingge.

1338. (July)
Ralph de Upton.
Bartholomew Deumars.

1339. (Jan.)
Simon Fraunceys.
John de Northalle.

1339. (Oct.)
Simon (Fraunceys).
John (de Nort) halle.

1340.[892] (Jan.)
William de Brikelesworth.
John de Mockyng.
Adam Lucas.

1340. (Mar.)
William de Brikelesworth.
Richard de Rothingge.
Richard de Berkyngge.
[or two of them.]

1341.
Simon Fraunceys.
William de Brikelesworth.

1344.
John de Northalle.
John Lovekyn.

1346.
Geoffrey de Wychyngham.
Thomas Leggy.
John Lovekyn.
Thomas de Waldene.
[four, three or two of them.]

1348. (Jan.)
John Lovekyn.
Richard de Berkyngge.
William de Iford.
Richard de Wycombe.
[three or two of them.]

1348. (Mar.)
John Lovekyn.
Richard de Berkyngge.
William de Iford.
Richard de Wycombe.
[three or two of them.]

1351.
Thomas Leggy.
William de Iford.

1352.[893] (Jan.)
Simon Fraunceys.
Simon de Bedyngton.

1352.[894] (Aug.)
Adam Fraunceys.
John Lytle.

1353.
Thomas Leggy.
Thomas Dolsely.

1354.[895]
John de Stodeye.
Thomas Dolsely.

1355.[896]
Adam Fraunceys.
John de Stodeye.
Simon de Bedyngton.
Adam de Acres.

1357.[897]
Adam Fraunceys.
John de Stodeye.
Simon de Bedyngton.
William de Essex.

1358.
Thomas Dolsely.
William de Welde.
William de Essex.
Richard Toky.

1360.
Bartholomew Frestlyng.
Stephen Cavendyssh.
Walter de Berneye.
Richard Toky.

1361.
Adam Fraunceys.
John Pecche.
Simon de Benyngton.
John Pyel.

1362.[898] (Oct.)
Adam de Bury.
John Lytle.
John Hiltoft.
John Tornegold.

1363.[899]
William Holbech.
John de St. Alban.
Simon de Benyngton.
John Tornegold.

1365. (Jan.)
Adam Fraunceys.
John Lovekyn.
Simon de Benyngton.
Richard de Preston.

1365.[900] (May)
Adam Fraunceys.
John Wroth.
Simon de Benyngton.
John de Worstede.

1368.
John Wroth.
Bartholomew Frestlyng.
John Aubrey.
John Organ.

1369. (June)
John Pecche.
John Tornegold.
Nicholas de Exton.
John Hadele.

1369.[901]
Adam Fraunceys.
John Stodeye.
John Aubrey.
John Philipot.

1370.[902]
John Pecche.
William Walworth.
Fulk Horewode.
John Fyfhide.

1370.[903]
John Tornegold.
Bartholomew Frestlyng.
John Philipot.
William Essex.

1371.
Bartholomew Frestlyng.
John Philipot.

1372.
John Wroth.
John Pecche.
William Venour.
William Kelshull.

1373.
Adam Stable.
John Warde.
John Birlyngham.
Adam Carlile.

1376.[904]
John Pyel.
William Walworth.
William Essex.
Adam Carlile.

1377. (Jan.)
John Hadle.
John Organ.
William Tonge.
William Venour.

1377. (Oct.)
Adam Carlile.
Walter Sibill.
William Walworth.
John Philipot.

1378.
John Hadle.
Geoffrey Neuton.
John de Northampton.
William Venour.

1379.[905]
Adam Carlile.
Walter Sibill.
John Hadle.
William More.

1380.[906] (Jan.)
John Philipot.
Robert Launde.
John Boseham.
Thomas Cornwaleys.

1380.[907] (Nov.)
John Organ.
John Rote.
Thomas Welford.
William Tonge.

1381.
Sir John Philipot.
John Hadle.

William Baret.
Hugh Fastolf.

1382. (Oct.)
John More.
Thomas Carleton.
William Essex.
Richard Norbury.

1383. (Feb.)
Sir Nicholas Brembre.
John More.
Richard Norbury.
William Essex.

1383. (Oct.)
William Walworth.
Sir John Philipot.
William Baret.
Henry Vanner.

1384. (Apr.)
John Hadle.
John Organ.
John Rote.
Henry Herbury.

1384. (Nov.)
John Hadle.
John Organ.
Thomas Rolf.
Henry Herbury.

1385.
John Hadle.
Nicholas Exton.
Henry Herbury.
William Ancroft.

1386.
John Hadle.
John Organ.
Adam Carlile.
Thomas Girdelere.

1388. (Feb.)
William More.
John Shadworth.
William Baret.
John Walcote.

1388. (Sept.)
Adam Bamme.
Henry Vanner.
William Tonge.
John Clenhand.

1390. (Jan.)
William More.
John Shadworth.
Adam Carlile.
William Brampton.

1390.[908] (Nov.)
John Hadle.
John Loveye.
Thomas Newenton.
John Botesham.

1391.
William Shiringham.
William Brampton.
William Staundon.
John Walcote.

1394.[909]
William Staundon.
John Fresh.
Thomas Exton.
John Wade.

1395.
Adam Carlile.
Drew Barantyn.
Geoffrey Walderne.
William Askham.

1397. (Jan.)
William Staundon.
William Brampton.
William Hyde.
Hugh Short.

1397. (Sept.)
Andrew Neuport.
Drew Barantyne.
Robert Asshecombe.
William Chychely.

1399. (Oct.)
John Shadworth.
William Brampton.
Richard Merlawe.
William Sonnyngwell.

1402.[910] (Sept.)
John Hadle.
William Parker.
John Prophete.
William Norton.

1403.[911]
William Staundon.
Drew Barantyn.
William Marcheford.
John Prophete.

1406.
William Staundon.
Nicholas Wotton.
John Sudbury.
Hugh Ryebrede.

1407.
William Askham.
William Crowemer.
William Marcheford.
John Bryan.

1410.[912] (Jan.)
Drew Barantyn.
Henry Halton.
John Reynewell.
Walter Gawtron.

1410.[913] (Nov.)
Richard Merlawe.
Thomas Fauconer.
John Sutton.
John Michell.

1413.[914] (Feb.)
Drew Barantyn.
William Askham.
William Marcheford.
Walter Gawtron.

1413. (May)
Drew Barantyn.
William Askham.
William Marcheford.
Walter Gawtron.

1414.[915] (Jan.)
Richard Merlawe.
Robert Chichele.
William Burton.
Alan Everard.

1414. (Nov.)
William Waldern.
Nicholas Wotton.
William Olyver.
John Gedney.

1415.
Robert Chichele.
William Waldern.
John Reynewell.
William Michell.

1416.[916] (Mar.)
Richard Merlawe.
Thomas Fauconer.
William Weston.
Nicholas Jamys [James]

1416.[917] (Oct.)
Richard Whitington.
Thomas Knolles.
John Perneys.
Robert Whityngham.

1417.
William Crowemer.
William Sevenoke.
John Welles.
John Boteler, jun.

1419.
Nicholas Wotton.
Henry Barton.
Richard Meryvale.
Simon Sewale.

1420.
Thomas Fauconer.
John Michell.
Salamon Oxneye.
John Hi[g]ham.

1421. (May)
William Waldern.
William Crowemer.
William Burton.
Richard Gosselyn.

1421. (Dec.)
Thomas Fauconer.
Nicholas Wotton.
John Whateley.
John Brokley.

1422.
Thomas Fauconer.
John Michell.
Henry Frowyk.
Thomas Mayneld.

1423.[918]
Thomas Fauconer.
John Welles.
Henry Frowyk.
Thomas Boteler.

1425.
Nicholas Wotton.
John Welles.
"Eborardus" Flete.
Thomas Bernewell.

1426.
John Michell.
John Welles.
"Eborardus" Flete.
John Higham.

1427.
John Michell.
John Welles.
William Melreth.
Walter Gawtron.

1429.
Nicholas Wotton.
Nicholas James.
William Melreth.
Walter Gawtron.

1431.
William Estfeld.
Nicholas James.
John Higham.
John Abbot.

1432.
John Gedney.
William Melreth.
John Levyng.
Philip Malpas.

1433.
John Reynewell.
John Welles.
John Hatherle.
Thomas Catteworth.

1435.
John Michell.
Robert Large.
John Bederenden.
Stephen Forster.

1437.
Henry Frowyk.
Thomas Catteworth.
John Carpenter, jun.
Nicholas Yeo.

1442.
Sir William Estfeld.
John Bowys.
Philip Malpas.
William Cottesbroke.

1447.
Henry Frowyk.
William Combys.
Hugh Wyche.
William Marowe.

1449. (Feb.)
Thomas Catteworth.
John Norman.
Geoffrey Boleyn.
Thomas Billyng.

1449. (Nov.)
Stephen Broun.
John Norman.
John Nedham.
John Har[e]we.

1450.
Henry Frowyk.
William Marowe.
John Harewe.
Richard Lee.

1453.
Stephen Broun.
William Cantelowe.
John....
... ...

1455.
Geoffrey Feldyng.
William Cantelowe.
John Harewe.
John Yonge.

1463.[919]
William Marowe.
Thomas Urswyk, Recorder.
Thomas Wynselowe.
John Bromer.

1467.
Sir Ralph Josselyn.
Thomas Urswyk.
John Warde.
John Crosseby.

1469.[920]
Ralph Verney.
George Irlond.
Stephen Fabyan.
Thomas Stoughton.

1472.
Sir Ralph Verney.
George Irlond.
John Brampton.
Stephen Fabyan.

1478.
Sir William Hampton.
Richard Gardyner.
William Bracebrigge.
John Warde.

1483.[921]
Sir William Heriot.
Robert Tate.
John Marchall.
William Bracebrigge.

1485.[922]
John Warde, Mayor.
Thomas Fitz-William, Recorder.
John Pekeryng.
William Spark.

1487.[923]
Sir Henry Colet, Mayor.
Thomas Fitz-William, Recorder.
Hugh Pemberton.
John Pekeryng.
William White _loco_ Thomas Fitz-William.[924]

1491.[925]
Robert Tate.
William Capel.
Nicholas Alwyn.
Thomas Bullesdon.

1497.[926]
[Richard] Chawry.
Sir Robert Sheffeld, Recorder.
...
...

1504.[927]
Sir John Shaa.
Sir Robert Sheffeld, Recorder.
Thomas Cremour.
John Paynter.
Sir John Tate[928] _loco_ Sir John Shaa deceased.

1510.[929]
John Tate.
John Chaloner, Recorder.
James Yarford.
John Brugys.
Thomas More _loco_ James Yarford, elected alderman.

1512.[930]
Sir William Capel.
Richard Broke, Recorder.
William Calley.
John Kyme.

1515.[931]
Sir William Capel.
Richard Broke, Recorder.
William Calley.
John Kyme.

1523.[932]
George Monoux.
William Shelley, Recorder.
John Hewster.
William Roche.

1529.[933]
Sir Thomas Seymer.
John Baker, Recorder.
John Petyte.
Paul Wythypol.

1542.
Sir William Roche.
Sir Roger Cholmeley, Recorder.
John Sturgeon.
Nicholas Wylford.

1545.
Sir William Roche.
Sir Roger Cholmeley, Recorder.
John Sturgeon.
Paul Wythypol.
Sir William Forman _loco_ William Roche.[934]
Sir Richard Gresham[935] _loco_ Sir William Forman.
Robert Broke, Recorder.[936]

1547.
Sir Martin Bowes,.
Robert Broke, Recorder.
Thomas Curteis.
Thomas Bacon.

1553.
Sir Martin Bowes.
Robert Broke, Recorder.
John Marsh.
John Blundell.

1553.[937] (Sept.)
Sir Rowland Hill.
Robert Broke, Recorder.
John Marsh.
John Blundell.

1553.[938] (Oct.)
Sir Rowland Hill.
Robert Broke, Recorder.
John Marsh.
John Blundell.

1554.
Sir Martin Bowes.
Robert Broke, Recorder.
John Marsh.
John Blundell.

1554. (Nov.)
Sir Martin Bowes.
Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder.
Richard Grafton.
Richard Burnell.

1555.
Sir Martin Bowes.
Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder.
Philip Bold.
Nicholas Choyne
[Chune].

1558.
William Garrard.
Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder.
John Marsh.
Richard Grafton.

1559.[939]
Sir Martin Bowes.
Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder.
John Marsh.
Richard Hills.[940]

1563.
Sir William Chester.
Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder.
Laurence Withers.
John Marsh.

1571.[941]
Sir John White.
Thomas Wilbraham, Recorder.
John Marsh.
Thomas Norton.

1572.
Sir Roland Heywood.
William Fletewood, Recorder.
John Marsh.[942]
Thomas Norton.

1584.[943]
Sir Nicholas Woodrooff.
William Fletewood, Recorder.
Walter Fisshe.
Thomas Aldersey.
Henry Billingsley,[944] _loco_ Walter Fisshe, decd.

1586.
Sir Edward Osborne.
William Fletewood, Recorder.
Thomas Aldersey.
Robert Saltinstall.

1589.
Sir George Barnes.
William Fletewood, Recorder.
Thomas Aldersey.
Andrew Palmer.

1593.
Sir John Harte.
Edward Drewe, Recorder.
Andrew Palmer.
George Sotherton.

1597.
Sir John Harte.
John Croke, Recorder.
George Sotherton.
Thomas Fettiplace.

1601.
Sir Stephen Soame.
John Croke, Recorder.
Thomas Fettiplace.
John Pynder.

1604.[945]
Sir Henry Billingsley.
Sir Henry Montague, Recorder.
Nicholas Fuller.
Richard Gore.
Sir Thomas Lowe, _loco_ Sir Henry Billingsley.[946]

1614.
Sir Thomas Lowe.
Sir Henry Montague Recorder.
Nicholas Fuller.
Robert Middleton.

1621.
Sir Thomas Lowe.
Robert Heath, Recorder.
Robert Bateman.
William Towerson.

1624.
Sir Thomas Middleton.
Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder.
Robert Bateman.
Martin Bond.

1625.
Sir Thomas Middleton.
Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder.
Robert Bateman.
Martin Bond.

1626.
Sir Thomas Middleton.
Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder.
Sir Maurice Abbott.
Robert Bateman.

1628.
Thomas Moulson.
Christopher Clitherowe.
Henry Waller.
James Bunce.

1640. (April)
Thomas Soame.
Isaac Pennington.
Matthew Cradock.
Samuel Vassall.

1640. (Nov.)
Thomas Soame.
Isaac Pennington.
Matthew Cradock.
Samuel Vassall.
John Venn, _loco_ Matthew Cradock.[947]

CROMWELLIAN PARLIAMENTS.[948]

1653.
Robert Tichborne.
John Ireton.
Samuel Moyer.
John Langley.
John Stone.
Henry Barton.
Praise-God Barebone.

1654.
Thomas Foot.
William Steele, Recorder.
Thomas Adams.
John Langham.
Samuel Avery.
Andrew Ricaut or Riccard.

1656.
Thomas Foot.
Sir Christopher Pack.
Thomas Adams.
Richard Brown.

Theophilus Biddulph.
John Jones.

1659.
William Thomson.
Theophilus Biddulph.
John Jones.
Richard Brown.

* * * * *

1660.
Sir John Robinson.[949]

1661.
John Fowke.
Sir William Thompson.
William Love.
John Jones.
Sir John Frederick, _loco_ John Fowke.[950]

1679. (Mar.)
Sir Robert Clayton.
Sir Thomas Player.
William Love.
Thomas Pilkington.

1679. (Oct.)
Sir Robert Clayton.
Sir Thomas Player.
William Love.
Thomas Pilkington.

1681.
Sir Robert Clayton.
Thomas Pilkington.
Sir Thomas Player.
William Love.

1685.
Sir John Moore.
Sir William Pritchard.
Sir Samuel Dashwood.
Sir Peter Rich.

1689.
Sir Patience Ward.
Sir Robert Clayton.
William Love.
Thomas Pilkington.
Sir William Ashurst, _loco_ William Love, deceased.

1690.
Sir William Pritchard.
Sir Samuel Dashwood.
Sir William Turner.
Sir Thomas Vernon.
Sir John Fleet, Mayor, _loco_ Sir William Turner.[951]

1695.
Sir Robert Clayton.
Sir John Fleet.
Sir William Ashurst.
Thomas Papillon.

1698.
Sir John Fleet.
Sir William Ashurst.
Sir James Houblon.[952]
Thomas Papillon.

1701. (Feb.)
Sir Robert Clayton.
Sir William Ashurst.
Sir William Withers.
Gilbert Heathcote.
Sir John Fleet, _loco_ Gilbert Heathcote, disqualified.

1701. (Dec.)
Sir Robert Clayton.
Sir William Ashurst.
Sir Thomas Abney.
Gilbert Heathcote.

1702.
Sir William Pritchard.
Sir John Fleet.
Sir Francis Child.
Gilbert Heathcote.

1705.
Sir Robert Clayton.
Sir William Ashurst.
Sir Gilbert Heathcote.
Samuel Shepheard.
Sir William Withers, Mayor,[953] _loco_ Sir Robert Clayton.[954]

1708.
Sir William Withers, Mayor.
Sir William Ashurst.
Sir Gilbert Heathcote.
John Ward.

1710.
Sir William Withers.
Sir Richard Hoare.
Sir George Newland.
John Cass.

1713.
Sir William Withers.
Sir Richard Hoare.
Sir John Cass.
Sir George Newland.[955]

1715.
Sir John Ward.
Sir Thomas Scawen.
Robert Heysham.
Peter Godfrey.

1722.
Francis Child.
Richard Lockwood.
Peter Godfrey.
John Barnard.
Sir Richard Hopkins, _loco_ Peter Godfrey, deceased.

1727.
Sir John Eyles.
Humphrey Parsons.
John Barnard.
Micaiah Perry.

1734.
Humphrey Parsons.
Sir John Barnard.
Micajah Perry.
Robert Willimot.

1741.
Daniel Lambert, Mayor.
Sir John Barnard.
Sir Robert Godschall.
George Heathcote.
William Calvert, _loco_ Sir Robert Godschall.[956]

1747.
Sir John Barnard.
Sir William Calvert.

1747.
Slingsby Bethell.
Stephen Theo. Janssen.

1754.
Sir John Barnard.
Sir Robert Ladbroke.
Slingsby Bethell.
William Beckford.
Sir Richard Glyn, Mayor, _loco_ Slingsby Bethell.[957]

1761.
Sir Robert Ladbroke.
Sir Richard Glyn.
William Beckford.
Thomas Harley.

1768.
Thomas Harley, Mayor.
Sir Robert Ladbroke.
William Beckford.
Barlow Trecothick.
Richard Oliver, _loco_ William Beckford.[958]
Frederick Bull,[959] _loco_ Sir Robert Ladbroke.[960]

1774.
John Sawbridge.
Richard Oliver.
Frederick Bull.
George Hayley.

1780.
George Hayley.
John Kirkman.
Frederick Bull.
Nathaniel Newnham.
John Sawbridge, _loco_ John Kirkman.[961]
Sir Watkin Lewes, _loco_ George Hayley.[962]
Brook Watson, _loco_ Frederick Bull.[963]

1784.
Brook Watson.
Sir Watkin Lewes.
Nathaniel Newnham.
John Sawbridge.

1790.
William Curtis.
Brook Watson.
Sir Watkin Lewes.
John Sawbridge.
John William Anderson, _vice_ Brook Watson.[964]
William Lushington, _vice_ John Sawbridge.[965]

1796.
_First Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland [1801]._

1801.
William Lushington.

William Curtis, Mayor.
Harvey Christian Combe.
John William Anderson.

1802.
Harvey Christian Combe.
Charles Price.
William Curtis.
Sir John William Anderson.

1806.
Harvey Christian Combe.
James Shaw, Mayor.
Sir Charles Price.
Sir William Curtis.

1807.
Sir Charles Price.
Sir William Curtis.
James Shaw.
Harvey Christian Combe.

1812.
Harvey Christian Combe.
Sir William Curtis.
Sir James Shaw.
John Atkins.
Matthew Wood, Mayor, _loco_ Harvey Christian Combe.[966]

1818.
Matthew Wood.
Thomas Wilson.
Robert Waithman.
John Thomas Thorp.

1820.
Matthew Wood.
Thomas Wilson.
Sir William Curtis.
George Bridges, Mayor.

1826.
William Thomson.
Robert Waithman.
William Ward.
Matthew Wood.

1830.
William Thompson.
Robert Waithman.
William Ward.
Matthew Wood.

1831.
Robert Waithman.
William Thompson.
Matthew Wood.
William Venables.

1833.
George Grote.
Matthew Wood.
Robert Waithman.
Sir John Key.
George Lyall, _loco_ Robert Waithman.[967]
William Crawford, _loco_ Sir John Key.[968]

1835.
Matthew Wood.
James Pattison.
William Crawford.
George Grote.

1837.
Matthew Wood.
William Crawford.
James Pattison.
George Grote.

1841.
John Masterman.
Sir Matthew Wood.
George Lyall.
Lord John Russell.
James Pattison, _loco_ Sir Matthew Wood.[969]

1847.
Lord John Russell.
James Pattison.
Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.
John Masterman.
Sir James Duke, Mayor, _loco_ James Pattison, deceased.

1852.
John Masterman.
Lord John Russell.
Sir James Duke.
Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.

1857.
Sir James Duke.
Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.
Lord John Russell.
Robert Wigram Crawford.

1859.
Lord John Russell.
Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.
Sir James Duke.
Robert Wigram Crawford.
Western Wood, _loco_ Lord John Russell.[970]
George Joachim Goschen, _loco_ Western Wood.[971]

1865.
George Joachim Goschen.
Robert Wigram Crawford.
William Lawrence.
Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.

1868.
George Joachim Goschen.
Robert Wigram Crawford.
William Lawrence.
Charles Bell.
Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild, _loco_ Charles Bell, deceased.

1874.
William James Richmond Cotton.
Philip Twells.
John Gellibrand Hubbard.
George Joachim Goschen.

1880.
William J.R. Cotton.
Robert Nicholas Fowler.
Rt. Hon. John G. Hubbard.
William Lawrence.

1885.
Sir Robert N. Fowler.
Rt. Hon. J.G. Hubbard.

1886.
Sir Robert N. Fowler.

1886.
Rt. Hon. J.G. Hubbard.
Thomas Charles Baring,[972] _loco_ Hubbard, raised to the peerage.
Henry Hucks Gibbs,[973] _loco_ Baring, decd.
Sir Reginald Hanson,[974] _loco_ Fowler, decd.

1892.
Sir Reginald Hanson.
Alban G.H. Gibbs.

FOOTNOTES:

[854] _Modus tenendi Parliamentum_ (ed. T. Duffus Hardy), p. 10.

[855] Letter Book E, fos. 20, 22, 88b, 89.

[856] Letter Book F, fo. 145b.

[857] _Id._, fo. 150.

[858] Stat. 48 & 49 Vict., c. 23, which prescribed that after the end of the Parliament then existing the City should return two members and no more.

[859] An exception appears to have been made in 1352, when a commoner was returned with an alderman.--Letter Book F, fo. 215.

[860] Two instances of the kind are recorded, one in 1509 and another in 1534.--See Repertory 2, fo. 77. Letter Book M, fo. 166b. Repertory 9, fo. 79b. On the other hand, there are cases recorded where members of Parliament for constituencies other than the City, having been elected aldermen of the City, have claimed exemption from service owing to their privilege as members.--Repertory 60, fos. 199b, 211b, 245b. Repertory 95, fo. 81.

[861] Repertory 2, fos. 75b, 77, 125b. Letter Book M, fos. 166b, 186.

[862] Hence the name "Hustings" as applied to Parliamentary elections at the present day.

[863] Repertory 6, fo. 20b. Letter Book N, fo. 222.

[864] Letter Book O, fo. 157.

[865] As early as 1539 we find the citizens "in their grand livery" summoned for a Parliamentary election (Repertory 10, fo. 85b); usually it was the "commons" who were summoned.

[866] Vol. i, pp. 273, 274.

[867] Coke's statement is not strictly accurate. Before 1327 knights of the shire were in the habit of receiving sums varying from 1_s._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ a day. From the year 1327 their allowance was 4_s._ a day exclusive of travelling expenses, and this sum appears to have been paid as long as members received payment for attendance in Parliament.--See Preface to _Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, p. viii and Notes to the same, pp. xxvii, xxviii.

[868] Chamber Accounts (Town Clerk's Office), Vol. II, fos. 21b, 22. The same fees had been authorised by the Court of Aldermen three years before.--Repertory 20, fo. 183. After the Restoration, when more than two aldermen were frequently returned, the junior members (whether aldermen or commoners) received the burgess fee of two shillings a day, as witness the case of Sir John Robinson--the only City member sitting in the first Parliament after the Restoration whose name has come down to us.--See Chamber Accounts, Vol. 1/11, fo. 145. The expense was defrayed, in early days, by the exaction of one penny in the pound from every individual who had been assessed for the last fifteenth.--Letter Book E, fos. 20, 22.

[869] Journal House of Commons, i, 894.

[870] Repertory 8, fo. 210b. Repertory 20, fo. 183.

[871] "Solebant cives esse pares et equales cum militibus comitatuum in expensis veniendo morando et redeundo."--_Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, p. 13.

[872] Repertory 20, fo. 183. Chamber Accounts, Vol. II, fos. 21b, 22.

[873] Letter Book C, fo. 22b. See Frontispiece. The writ and proceedings thereon are printed from the City's Records in Palgrave's Parl. Writs, Vol. 1, p. 49.

[874] Letter Book B, fo. 93b. (xxxviiib.)

[875] Letter Book H, fo. 245. (See "Memorials," pp. 511, 512).

[876] Journal 6, fo. 166b.

[877] Journal 7, fo. 52.

[878] Repertory 69, fo. 319b. Chamber Accounts, Vol. 1/11, fo. 224. Vol. 1/17, fo. 52b.

[879] Chamber Accounts, Vol. 1/12, fos. 51, 65.

[880] Sir Erskine May's Parliamentary Practice, (8th ed.) p. 212.

[881] Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series No, 76). Introd. p. xxxiii.

[882] Letter Book C, fo. 22b.

[883] _Id._ fo. 41b.

[884] Letter Book D, fo. 149b.

[885] _Id._, fo. 151.

[886] Letter Book E, fos. 20, 22. It appears that at this election three aldermen were nominated for the mayor and aldermen to elect two, and four commoners were nominated for the mayor and aldermen to elect two.

[887] Letter Book E, fo. 46b. Elected to attend a Parliament at Lincoln in Jan. 1316, for the special purpose of considering the establishment of a Staple near Calais.

[888] Letter Book E, fo. 89. The writ was endorsed with two names only, viz., William de Leyre and William de Flete. _Id._, fo. 88b.

[889] _Id._, fo. 123b.

[890] Letter Book E, fo. 236. The Blue Book omits Richard de la Pole.

[891] _Id._, fo. 245b. The Blue Book gives in addition the name of John Priour, and adds "or two of them."

[892] Letter Book F, fo. 29b.

[893] Letter Book F, fo. 207.

[894] _Id._, fo. 215. Summoned to attend a Council.

[895] Letter Book G, fo. 18.

[896] _Id._, fo. 39.

[897] _Id._, fo. 58.

[898] _Id._, fo. 101. In the Parliamentary Blue Book, Bartholomew Frestlyng appears in place of Adam de Bury.

[899] _Id._, fo. 112b.

[900] _Id._, fo. 175.

[901] Letter Book G., fo. 238b. Summoned to attend a Council.

[902] _Id._, fo. 240. A Council.

[903] _Id._, fo. 262b.

[904] Letter Book H, fo. 28.

[905] _Id._, fo. 105b.

[906] _Id._, fo. 117.

[907] _Id._, fo. 125.

[908] _Id._, fo. 253. On fo. 255 William More is given in place of John Loveye.

[909] _Id._, fo. 288b.

[910] Letter Book I, fo. 18b.

[911] Letter Book I, fo. 35b.

[912] _Id._, fo. 88b.

[913] _Id._, fo. 105b.

[914] _Id._, fo. 119.

[915] _Id._, fo. 130.

[916] _Id._, fo. 160b.

[917] _Id._, fo. 172b.

[918] Letter Book K, fo. 8.

[919] Letter Book L, fo. 11b. Journal 7, fo. 21, 23b.

[920] Journal 7, fo. 199.

[921] Journal 9, fo. 24.

[922] _Id._, fo. 91b.

[923] Journal 9, fo. 157b.

[924] Elected member for Lincolnshire.

[925] Journal 9, fo. 279.

[926] Repertory 1, fo. 10. Elected by the Aldermen. The names of those elected by the Commonalty have not come down to us.

[927] Journal 10, fo. 301.

[928] Elected 29 Dec, 1503.--Repertory 1, fo. 150.

[929] Letter Book M, fos. 164b, 166b.

[930] Journal 11, fo. 147b, Repertory 2, fo. 125b.

[931] Letter Book M, fo. 231b, Journal 11, fo. 204b.

[932] Letter Book N, fo. 222.

[933] In Jan., 1534, the Court of Aldermen voted the usual allowances to the Recorder, Mr. Wythypol and Mr. Bowyer, the City members.--Repertory 9, fo. 41b. In October of the same year Robert Pakyngton was elected in place of William Bowyer chosen an Alderman.--(Blue Book, Appendix p. xxix), and in December Sir Thomas Seymer asked leave to resign his seat on account of ill-health.--Repertory 9, fo. 141b.

[934] Roche had been committed to prison.

[935] Elected 10 Nov., Forman being unable to attend through illness.--Repertory 11, fo. 244 (221).

[936] Elected 17 Nov., _loco_ Cholmeley, appointed King's Sergeant--Wriothesley, p. 162.

[937] Letter Book R, fo. 259b.

[938] _Id._, fo. 270b.

[939] Journal 17, fo. 161.

[940] Hyde in the Parliamentary Return.

[941] Journal 19, fo. 356b.

[942] A Writ was issued (28 Sept., 1579), for the election of a member _loco_ John Marsh, deceased.--Journal 20, part 2, fo. 516b.

[943] Journal 21, fos. 388b, 390.

[944] Date of Return, 29 Sept., 1585.--Letter Book, &c., fo. 60b.

[945] Journal 26, fo. 171; Letter Book BB, fo. 226b.

[946] _Ob._, 22, Nov. 1606.

[947] _Ob._, 27 May, 1641.

[948] Taken from Browne Willis's "Notitia Parliamentaria."

[949] The only member for the City sitting in this Parliament yet discovered. The sum of £37 4_s._ is recorded as being paid to him for his attendance as a "burgess" for the City.--Chamber Accounts, 1/11, fo. 145.

[950] _Ob._, 22 April, 1662.

[951] _Ob._, 9 Feb., 1693.--Luttrell, Diary, iii, 32.

[952] _Ob._, Oct., 1700.--Luttrell, Diary, iv, 701.

[953] Elected 22 Nov., 1707.--Luttrell, vi, 237.

[954] _Ob._, 16 July, 1707.

[955] _Ob._, March, 1714.

[956] _Ob._, 26 June, 1742.--Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 12, p. 831.

[957] _Ob._, 1 Nov., 1758.--Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 28, p. 556.

[958] _Ob._, 21 June, 1770.

[959] Elected 5 Dec., 1773.--Walpole's Journal, i, 275.

[960] _Ob._, 31 Oct., 1773.--Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 43, p. 581.

[961] _Ob. circ._, Sept., 1780.

[962] _Ob._, 30 Aug., 1781.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 51, p. 443.

[963] _Ob._, 10 Jan., 1784.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 54, pt. i, p. 73.

[964] Accepted the Stewardship of the Manor of East Hendred, co. Berks. Appointed Commissary General of Forces in March, 1793.--Journal 73, fo. 273b.

[965] _Ob._, 20 Feb., 1795.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 65, pt. i, p. 175.

[966] Accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

[967] _Ob._, 6 Feb., 1833.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 103, pt. i, p. 179.

[968] Accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

[969] _Ob._, 25 Sept., 1843.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 20, N.S., p. 541.

[970] Accepted the Stewardship of the Manor of Northstead, co. York.

[971] _Ob._, 17 May, 1863.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 59, N.S., p. 810.

[972] Elected 27 July, 1887.

[973] Elected 18 April, 1891.

[974] Elected 3 June, 1891.

INDEX.

Abbey of Graces, or New Abbey, suppressed, i, 398.

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, captures the Dutch Fleet, iii, 239;
his death, 248.

"Abhorrers," party name of, ii, 460.

Abingdon, occupied by Essex, ii, 205.

Abney, Thomas, sheriff, knighted, ii, 574;
M.P. for the City, 609;
unsuccessfully contests the City, 613.

Abyndone, Stephen de, M.P. for the City, i, 178.

Acatour, Joce le, M.P. for the City, i, 118.

Acre, the seige of, raised by Sir Sidney Smith, iii, 238.

Acton, Sir William, elected mayor and discharged by Parliament, ii, 130;
imprisoned in Crosby House, 173.

Adams, Thomas, his conduct as mayor approved, ii, 235;
sent to the Tower, 266;
impeached, 273;
deprived of his aldermanry, 308;
restored, 383.

Addington, succeeds the younger Pitt, iii, 248;
proposes a renewal of the income tax, 252;
resigns and is succeeded by Pitt, 254;
proposed vote of thanks of Common Council to, 255-256;
joins Pitt's ministry and is created Viscount Sidmouth, 259;
withdraws from the ministry, 260.

"Addled" Parliament, the, ii, 61.

Adrian, John, elected mayor, i, 104.

Agincourt, battle of, i, 259.

Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer, convicted of bribery, iii, 21;
expelled from Parliament, 22.

Aix la Chapelle, treaty of, iii, 56.

Aldermen, assessed as barons, i, 217;
elected for life, 243;
created justices by James I, ii, 58;
removal of several, 308;
restored, 383;
several removed and others appointed by Charles II, 396;
appointed by James II, 504;
to be in future nominated by the court of, 519;
fined for non-attendance at swearing-in of lord mayor, 573;
disputed elections of, 640-645; iii, 146-149.

---- Court of, first mention of, i, 72;
its claim to veto proceedings of Common Council, ii, 304-305,
448-451, 454;
matters of difference with the Common Council, 334, 448, 556;
standing counsel appointed for, 454;
reformed by James II, 519, 520;
thanks the king for Declaration of Indulgence, 520;
Jeffreys attends, with restitution of City's liberties, 530;
charged with obstructing the City's business, 643;
its claim to veto proceeding of Common Council confirmed by
statute, iii, 27, 29;
resolution of, in favour of short parliaments, 135.

Alexandria, battle of, iii, 248.

Aleyne, Thomas, elected mayor, ii, 356;
knighted by Charles II, 380;
the citizens take the oath of allegiance at the house of, 381.

Alfred the Great, "restores" London, i, 12.

Aliens, taxation of, i, 280, 319.

Allen, Francis, M.P., reports to the House proceedings of the
Common Council, ii, 229;
elected alderman, 230.

---- Sir John, mayor, particulars of, i, 394n.

---- Sir William, mayor, i, 517.

Alphage, Archbishop of Canterbury, murder of, i, 18;
interred in St. Paul's, 19;
removed to Canterbury, _id._

Althorp, Lord, the freedom of the City conferred on, iii, 339, 344.

Alva, Duke of, seizes English merchants in Antwerp, i, 508;
his envoy in the City, 511.

Amadas, Robert, goldsmith, discharged alderman, i, 371.

Amcotes, Sir Henry, mayor, i, 431.

America, commencement of war with, iii, 142;
war opposed by Chatham and the City, 149;
the Massachusetts Bill, 150;
New York appeals to London, 154;
City address to the king for cessation of hostilities with, 157;
the king's reply, 158;
motion to send a reply to the appeal from New York negatived, _id._;
Philadelphia appeals to the City, _id._;
address of livery to electors against war with, 158-160;
declaration of independence of, 166;
subscriptions in aid of war with, refused in the City, 167;
alliance with France, 168;
the independence of, recognised, 202-203.

Amherst, Lord, adjutant-general, his order for the military to fire
without waiting for directions from civil magistrate, iii, 184;
objections raised by the City, 187, 188.

Amicable Loan, the, i, 374-376.

Amiens, the "Mise" of, i, 95;
peace of, iii, 249.

Andrews, Thomas, mayor, placed on commission for trial of Charles
the First, ii, 301;
Commonwealth proclaimed by, 311;
proposal to confer knighthood on, 312.

Anne, Queen of Richard II, her assistance invoked by citizens for a
her death, 243, 244.

---- Queen of Richard III, coronation of, i, 323.

---- Queen, accession of, ii, 610;
City addresses to, 610, 616, 623, 626, 629, 630, 635, 647, 649;
her picture at the Guildhall and her statue at the Royal Exchange, 611;
coronation of, _id._;
her Tory proclivities, 612;
attends the lord mayor's banquet, 613;
at St. Paul's, 614, 616, 621, 624, 647;
attends the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, 634;
dismisses the Whigs, 636;
her indisposition, 648;
her death, 650.

---- Boleyn, her marriage with Henry VIII, i, 388;
the City's welcome to, 388, 389;
her coronation, 389;
her execution, 395.

---- of Brittany, assisted by Henry VII against the king of France,
i, 329, 330.

---- of Cleves, her passage through the City, i, 397.

Ansgar, sheriff of Middlesex, i, 32.

Antoninus Pius, his itinerary, i, 5.

Antwerp, decline of, i, 505;
English merchants seized in, 508;
fall of, 530, 531.

Archers, Archery, the effectiveness of the long-bow, i, 190, 192, 197;
archery practised in Finsbury Fields, 190;
archers furnished by the City against France, 190, 204;
the City's gates to be guarded by, 220;
a detachment sent by the City to put down the Pilgrimage of Grace, 304;
mounted archers for defence of Calais, 480.

Armada, the, preparations in the City to meet, i, 534;
ships set forth by the City, 536n.;
sighted off the Lizard, 537;
the fate of, 537-541.

Argyle, Earl of, defeats the Earl of Mar at Sheriffmuir, iii, 8.

Armagnac, Count of, constable of France, i, 262.

Arms, assize of, i, 120.

Army, the, a tax imposed by Parliament for maintenance of, ii, 176;
objection to tax, 181;
petition for reforms in, 199;
rendezvous at Aylesbury, 200, 201;
establishment of a standing, 208;
the New Model, 214;
City petition for disbandment of, 239, 240, 242;
its relation to Independents and Presbyterians, 222, 240;
correspondence between the City and, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251,
the Declaration of, 246;
City Commissioners appointed to remain with, 248;
moves to Uxbridge, 249;
new Commissioners sent to, 257;
another Declaration of, 258;
the City surrenders to, 259;
enters London, 260;
demands money from the City, 263;
further correspondence with the City, 268, 269;
ill-feeling between the City and, 275;
another Declaration of, 293;
returns to London, 294;
pay demanded for, 296, 297;
a mutiny in, 310;
free quarters to be found in the City unless money be found for,
314, 315;
the City consents to furnish a contingent of cavalry, 332;
Parliamentary vote for disbandment of, 456;
encamped at Hounslow, 518;
disaffection in the camp, 528;
Pitt's army of reserve, iii, 252;
his Additional Force Bill, 257.

Army Plot, the, ii, 139.

Arthur, son of Henry VII, marries Catherine of Aragon, i, 335, 336.

Arundel, Edmund, Earl of, i, 158.

---- Henry, Earl of, i, 456.

---- Richard, Earl of, i, 234, 235;
arrested, 244.

---- Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, his opposition to the
Lollards, i, 255.

---- Sir Thomas, i, 411.

Ascue, or Ascough, Anne, trial and execution of, i, 415.

Ashurst, Sir William, stands for the City, ii, 553;
elected sheriff, 565;
elected mayor, 573;
his unpopularity, _id._;
at the head of the commission for the Bank of England, 585;
M.P. for the City, 598, 607, 609, 622n., 629;
unsuccessfully contests the City, 613.

Assandun, victory of the Danes at, i, 24.

Association, the, the City called upon to raise troops for
protection of, ii, 220;
in defence of William the Third, 600.

Aswy or Eswy, Stephen, taken prisoner, i, 122;
M.P. for the City, 126.

Athelstan, his Mansion House in the City, i, 16;
his encouragement of commerce, _id._

Atkin or Atkins, Thomas, M.P., committed to prison, ii, 123;
released, 125;
placed on commission for trial of the king, 301;
proposal to confer knighthood on, 312;
desired by City to make communication to Parliament, 369.

Atkins, John, M.P. for the City, loses his seat, iii, 309.

Atte Bowe, Alice, condemned to be burnt alive, i, 119.

Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, arrested for complicity in
Jacobite plot, iii, 25.

Audley, James, Lord, defeated at Blore Heath, i, 296.

---- John, Lord, i, 380.

---- Sir Thomas, the building and site of the priory of Holy
Trinity bestowed on, i, 387;
his death, 408.

Austin Friars, i, 399, 400.

Austrian Succession, war of the, iii, 49, 56.

Aylesbury, rendezvous of Parliamentary forces at, ii, 200, 201.

Aylmer, John, Bishop of London, advocates the appointment of
special preachers in the City, i, 526, 527, 528n.

---- Lawrence, mayor, imprisoned, i, 338.

Aylyff, Sir John, barber-surgeon, first alderman of Bridge Ward
Without (1550), i, 443;
particulars of, 443n.

Ayres, Deputy, ii, 590.

Babington, Anthony, his conspiracy against Elizabeth, i, 532.

Backwell, Edward, alderman, assists the City with money, ii, 439;
reduced to bankruptcy, owing to closing of the Exchequer, 445.

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, i, 510.

Badlesmere, Sir Bartholomew de, executed at Canterbury, i, 151.

---- Lady, insults the queen, i, 151.

Bagnall, Sir Samuel, i, 559.

Bailey, Sir William, mayor, i, 376.

Baker, John, recorder, M.P. for the City, i, 381.

Baldock, Chancellor, his house sacked, i, 158.

Baliol, Edward, surrenders the crown of Scotland to Edward III, i, 197.

Bamme, Adam, goldsmith, a candidate for the mayoralty, i, 239;
mayor, 240;
dies during his mayoralty, 244.

Bankes, Sir Henry, stands for mayoralty, iii, 127, 132.

Bank of England, the, foundation of, ii, 584-586;
a run on, 603;
makes an advance to William III, _id._;
refuses to render assistance during South Sea troubles, iii, 19;
"Black Friday" at, 52, 53;
threatened by Gordon rioters, 184;
negotiations for removal of the military guard of, 216-219;
suspension of cash payments, 231;
a regiment of volunteers formed by employés of, 252.

Bannockburn, defeat of Scots at, i, 141.

Barclay Conspiracy, the, ii, 599.

Bardi, the, their banking house sacked, i, 158.

"Barebone's" or the "little" parliament, ii, 346.

Barentyn, Drew, first alderman of Farringdon Within, i, 243;
mayor, takes horse to meet the Duke of Lancaster, 245.

Barnard, Sir John, M.P. for the City, opposes passing of Election
Act (II Geo., i. c. 18), iii, 28;
opposes Walpole's Excise Bill, 36;
re-elected M.P. for the City, 47;
again elected, 56.

Barnes, Sir George, mayor, signs "counterfeit will" of Edward VI, i, 453.

Barnet, battle of, i, 314.

Barons, the, revolt of, i, 59;
meeting of, at St. Paul's, 63, 72;
at Bury St. Edmunds, 73;
elect Robert Fitz-Walter as their leader, 74;
admitted into London, 77;
war between John and, 78;
invite Louis the Dauphin over, 79;
supported by London, 89;
reject the Mise of Amiens, 95;
in league with the citizens of London, _id._;
refuse to go abroad with Edward I, 127;
insist upon a confirmation of their charters, 128;
elect ordainers, 133;
admitted into the City, 136;
the City's gates barred against, 138;
Edward II comes to terms with, 141;
in the City, 167.

Barrington, Lord, burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, iii, 118.

Barton, Elizabeth, executed, i, 390.

---- Henry, mayor, appointed commissioner for victualling the navy,
i, 261.

Basing-House, siege of, ii, 196.

Basset, Philip, appointed chief justiciar, i, 91.

---- Robert, alderman, his gallant resistance to the Kentish
rebels, i, 316.

Bateman, Sir Anthony, mayor, the French Ambassador insulted at the
banquet of, ii, 404.

---- Sir James, subscribes to loan to Prince Eugene, ii, 624.

---- Robert, ii, 25.

Batencurt, Luke de, sheriff, goes to Paris to confer with King
Edward I, i, 116.

Bathurst, Lord, President of the Council, the City's correspondence
with, touching the right of the citizens to arm themselves, iii,
187-190.

Baxter, Richard, trial of, ii, 510;
his opposition to James II, 521.

Baylis, Robert, his contest with Richard Brocas for aldermanry of
Bread Street Ward, iii, 15-16.

Baynard's Castle. Robert Fitz-Walter, owner of, i, 74.

Beachcroft, Sir Robert, mayor, ii, 642.

Beam, the Great, reconveyed by Henry VIII to the City, i, 387, 388.

Beam, the Small, granted to Jacobina la Lumbard, i, 124;
granted to a friend of Hugh le Despenser, 133, 141.

Beaufort, Edmund. _See_ Somerset.

---- Henry, Bishop of Winchester, quarrels with Gloucester, i, 270;
goes to France, 271, 273, 277;
created a cardinal, 271;
his goods seized, 277.

Becket, Gilbert, Portreeve of London, i, 55;
his tomb in St. Paul's Churchyard, 57.

---- Thomas, his birth, i, 55;
made chancellor and archbishop, 56;
his memory long cherished by the citizens, _id._;
St. Thomas de Acon and S. Thomas's Hospital dedicated to, 57;
his image over the gate of Mercers' Chapel, 125;
windows relative to, altered at the Reformation, 425.

Beckford, William, alderman, Pitt's letter to, iii, 67;
causes Bute to be insulted at the Guildhall, 69;
supports Wilkes in Parliament, 71, 72;
supports Chatham's East India Bill, 79;
re-elected mayor, 90;
his magnificent entertainment, 98;
his failure to "fix" Rockingham, 99;
his famous speech, 102;
the City's thanks to, 103;
his last days, 105.

Bedford, Edward, Earl of, arrested for treason, i, 562.

---- John, Duke of, question of his precedence at the Guildhall, i,
257, 258;
presides over parliament, 263;
rivalry with the Duke of Gloucester, 268;
appointed Protector during minority of Henry VII, 269;
goes to France, 271;
returns to defend himself before parliament, 278;
sets an example of economy, _id._;
death of, 279.

Bekering, Thomas, engaged in the Trumpington Conspiracy, i, 248.

Belknap, Robert, refuses the City's claims at coronation of Richard
the Second, i, 213.

Benevolence, a, opposed by the City, i, 411.

Benfleet, South co., Essex, Danish fortification at, i, 13.

Benn, Antony, recorder, ii, 67;
knighted, 72.

Berkeley, Lord Thomas, i, 380.

Berlin Decree, the, iii, 267.

Berry, Captain, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 237.

Berwick, captured by Bruce, i, 141;
recovered by Edward III, 197.

Bethell, Slingsby, sheriff, ii, 472, 473, 475;
fined for creating a disturbance in Common Hall, 493;
returns to England, 548.

---- Slingsby, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 56.

Bethlehem Hospital, conveyed to the City, i, 451.

Betoyne, Richard de, connives at Mortimer's escape from the Tower, i,
154;
elected mayor, 159;
appointed warden of the Tower, _id._;
accompanies City members to Parliament at Lincoln, 162;
M.P. for the City, 163, 174;
mayor of the Staple, disagrees with his colleagues at York, 174-176;
his conduct approved, 177.

Bide, John, alderman and sheriff, ii, 269.

Bigod, Hugh, justiciar of the City, i, 89, 90.

---- Roger, his altercation with the king, i, 127.

Billers, Sir William, mayor, his unpopularity, iii, 38.

Billingsgate, the City's right to tolls at, i, 308.

Billingsley, Sir Henry, the daughter of Sir John Spencer committed to
the charge of, i, 553;
elected M.P. for the City, ii, 8.

Bill of Rights, ii, 553.

Bill of Rights Society, iii, 124.

Birch, Samuel, his inscription on statue of George III, iii, 281;
his proposed visit to Paris to present swords of honour to Blucher
and others after Waterloo, 290.

Bishops, the seven, sent to the Tower, ii, 526;
trial and acquittal of, 527.

Black Death. _See_ Plague.

Black Friars, Parliament meet in house of the, i, 133, 370;
the legatine court at the house of the, 379, 380;
their house suppressed, 398.

Blackfriars Bridge, formerly known as "Pitt Bridge," iii, 65.

"Black Friday," iii, 52.

Blackwell, William, town clerk, i, 473.

Blake, admiral, his victory over the Dutch, ii, 344.

Blenheim, battle of, ii, 616.

Blois, Henry de, Bishop of Winchester, acts as intermediary between
Stephen and the Empress Matilda, i, 47;
his speech before the Synod at Winchester, 48.

Blore Heath, defeat of Lord Audley by the Earl of Salisbury at, i,
295, 296.

Blound, John le, mayor, knighted, i, 130.

Bludworth, Sir Thomas, nominated alderman by Charles II, ii, 396;
his conduct at the Fire of London, 415, 418;
elected sheriff, 470.

Boleyn, Thomas. _See_ Rochford.

Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, afterwards Viscount, forms a Tory
Ministry, ii, 638;
takes refuge in France to avoid impeachment, iii, 5;
assists the Pretender, 6.

Bolton, Peter, iii, 13.

---- Sir William, elected mayor, ii, 425;
Courts of Aldermen held at his house, 429;
proposal to appoint him surveyor-general for the rebuilding of the
city, 432;
convicted of embezzlement, 432n.

Bond, Sir George, mayor, summons the citizens to church at the
approach of the Armada, i, 538.

---- Martin, his monument, in St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, i, 545.

---- William, alderman, owner of Crosby House, i, 512.

Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, deprived of his see, i, 438, 439;
his sentence confirmed, 440;
his bishopric conferred on Ridley, _id._;
re-instated, 458.

"Book of Sports," the, burnt in Cheapside, ii, 187.

Boroughbridge, battle of, i, 152.

Bosworth, battle of, i, 326.

Boulogne, captured by Henry VIII, i, 409-411;
threatened by the French king, 414;
surrendered by Warwick, 445;
threatened by Spain, 556.

Bourne, Doctor, his sermon at Paul's Cross, i, 458.

Bowes, Sir Martin, mayor, improves the City's water supply, i, 416;
member of Hospital Committee, 417;
accompanies remains of Henry VIII to Windsor, 419.

Box, Henry, grocer, his school at Witney, co. Oxon, i, 353.

---- Ralph, a candidate for the shrievalty, ii, 473, 480;
elected, 483;
discharged, 486;
knighted, 548.

Boy-Bishop, the, ceremony in connection with, discontinued in the
City, i, 421.

Bradley, Matthew, ii, 138.

Bradshaw, John, heads the commission for trial of Charles the First,
ii, 301;
his letter to the City, touching its Irish estates, ii, 326.

Breda, the Declaration of, ii, 377;
treaty of, 437.

Brembre, Nicholas, carries a letter from the City to the king, i, 206;
appointed mayor by the king, 211;
promulgates charter forbidding foreigners to traffic by retail, 214;
opposes the Duke of Lancaster, 215;
arraigned and fined, 216;
subscribes to fund for winning back the nobility to the City, _id._;
knighted, 220;
re-elected mayor, 224, 227, 228;
confers with the king, 231;
his complicity in the king's attempt upon the life of the Duke of
Gloucester, 233;
charged with treason, 234;
his flight and capture, 235;
his trial, 236;
executed, 237.

Brentford, co. Middlesex, Charles I in possession of, ii, 175;
withdraws from, 176;
John Horne (Tooke), vicar of, iii, 87.

Bretigny, peace of, i, 199.

Breton, John le, warden of the City, i, 122, 128;
assists in furnishing ships, 126.

Brice, Hugh, mayor, coronation cup of Richard III, in custody of, i, 323;
re-elected mayor, 327.

Bridewell, Parliament sits at, i, 381;
converted into a workhouse, 451.

Bridge House Estate, the, return of rental of, i, 252.

Bridge Ward Without. _See_ Southwark.

Bridgen, Edward, iii, 13.

---- William, mayor, fails to assist the sheriffs in burning No. 45
of the _North Briton_, iii, 76;
Wilkes proposes to use him as a stalking-horse, 126.

Broad, John, goldsmith, ii, 32.

Broad-bottomed administration, the, iii, 57.

Brocas, Richard, his contest with Robert Baylis for aldermanry of
Bread Street Ward, iii, 15-16.

Broke, captain of the "Shannon," presented with the freedom of the
City, iii, 287.

Bromfield, Sir Edward, ii, 125.

Brooke, Sir Basil, his plot for winning the City for the king, ii, 197.