Chapter XXXI: Appendix: I

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.[580]

1115. Death of the Countess Matilda. Increased independence of the
Tuscan towns.

1188. Frederic Barbarossa in Florence.

1201. Chiarissimo de’ Medici member of the council of the Florentine
Commonwealth.

1207. Election of the first Podestà.

1215. Beginning of civil feuds.

1250. First constitution of the Florentine commonalty of citizens in
opposition to the nobility. The _Capitano del Popolo_.

1260. Battle of Montaperti. Victory of the Ghibelline party.

1266. Charles of Anjou. The Ghibellines leave Florence.

1282. Origin of the political constitution of the guilds (_Priori
delle Arti_).

1293. Reform of the constitution of the guilds. _Gonfalonieri di
giustizia._ Penal laws against the nobility.

1294. Building of the Palace of the Commonwealth (_Palazzo dei
Priori_), and of the new Cathedral begun.

1312. Siege of Florence by the Emperor Henry VII.

1320. Beginning of the war against Castruccio, Lord of Lucca.

1336. War against Martino della Scala, Lord of Verona.

1342-43. Tyrannical government of Gautier de Brienne, Duke of Athens.
Complete downfall of the ancient nobility.

1346. Great losses of the Florentine banks.

1351. Beginning of the wars against the Visconti of Milan.

1362. War with Pisa.

1371. Factions of the Albizzi and Ricci. Exclusion of many citizens
from office.

1375. Beginning of enmity between the Florentines and Pope Gregory XI.
(1377, return of the Pope from Avignon to Rome.)

1378. Gonfaloniership of Salvestro de’ Medici. Rising and government
of the lowest classes (_Tumulto dei Ciompi_).

Ambrogio Traversari born (d. 1439).

1379. Execution of Piero degli Albizzi.

Filippo Brunelleschi b. (d. 1446).

1380. Poggio Bracciolini b. (d. 1459).

1381? Lorenzo Ghiberti b. (d. 1455).

1382. End of the popular government. Rise of the power of the Albizzi.

1386. Donatello b. (d. 1466).

1387. Exile of Benedetto degli Alberti and his family. Fra Giovanni of
Fiesole b. (d. 1455).

1388. Salvestro de’ Medici d.

1389. Cosimo de’ Medici b. (d. 1464).

1391. Neri Capponi, son of Gino, b. (d. 1457). Michelozzo Michelozzi
b. (d. 1472).

1393. Tyranny of Maso degli Albizzi. Vieri de’ Medici.

1394. Luigi Marsigli d.

1396. Emmanuel Chrysoloras called to Florence (d. 1415). Giannozzo
Manetti b. (d. 1459).

1399. Pilgrimages of the White Penitents. Great mortality. Carlo
Marsuppini b. (d. 1453).

1400. War with Gian-Galeazzo Visconti (d. 1402). Alliance with King
Ruprecht of the Pfalz. Luca della Robbia b. (d. 1482).

1401. Masaccio b., at San Giovanni in Val d’Arno (d. 1428).

1403. League with Pope Boniface IX. and others against the Visconti.

L. Ghiberti receives the commission for the first door of the
Baptistery.

1404. Beginning of the enterprise against Pisa.

1405. Fight for Pisa. Gino Capponi.

Matteo Palmieri b. (d. 1475). L. B. Alberti b. (d. 1472).

1406. Capture of Pisa.

Coluccio Salutati d. (b. 1330).

1408. Efforts to restore the unity of the Church.

1409. Council of Pisa. (P. Alexander V.)

Bernardo Rossellino b. (d. 1464).

1410. League with Pope John XXIII. [Baldassar Cossa]. Feo Belcari b.
(d. 1484).

1411. Treaty with K. Ladislas of Naples. Purchase of Cortona.
Establishment of the Council of Two Hundred.

1412? Fra Filippo Lippi b. (d. 1469).

1414. New treaty with K. Ladislas, and after his death, with his
sister Queen Joanna II. Cosimo de’ Medici and John XXII. at
Constance.

1415. Benedetto Accolti b. (d. 1466).

1416. Plague at Florence.

Piero de’ Medici b. (d. 1469).

1417. Maso degli Albizzi d. His son Rinaldo and Niccolò da Uzzano at
the head of the Commonwealth.

1419. Pope Martin V. in Florence. Reconciliation and death of John
XXII.

Archbishopric of Florence. Amerigo Corsini.

1420. Filippo Brunelleschi architect of the dome of the Cathedral.

Benozzo Gozzoli b. (d. 1498).

1421. Purchase of Livorno. Gino Capponi d.

1422. Flourishing state of commerce. Relations with the Levant.

1423. Beginning of the war with Filippo Maria Visconti.

1424. Defeat at Zagonara.

Cristoforo Landino b. (d. 1504).

1425. Defeat at Anghiari.

Lorenzo Ghiberti receives the commission for the second door of
the Baptistery.

1426. Disputes about taxes and war-imposts. The Albizzi and Giovanni
de’ Medici.

1427. First register of lands.

Antonio Rossellino b. (d. 1478).

1428. Peace with F. M. Visconti.

Reform of the University. Palla Strozzi.

1429. Giovanni de’ Medici d. Revolt of Volterra on account of the
introduction of the land-register.

Francesco Filelfo in Florence.

Antonio Pollaiuolo b. (d. 1498).

1430. War with Lucca. The Jews in Florence.

Bartolommeo Scala b. (d. 1495).

1431. Pope Eugene IV.

Luigi Pulci b. (d. 1486).

Mino da Fiesole b. (d. 1484).

1432. Giuliano da Majano b. (d. 1490.)

Niccolò da Uzzano d.

K. Sigismund in Italy. (Crowned Emperor 1433).

1433. War with Lucca ended by a treaty with Milan.

Exile of Cosimo de’ Medici.

Marsilio Ficino b. (d. 1499).

1434. Recall of Cosimo de’ Medici. Exile of Rinaldo degli Albizzi,
Palla Strozzi and their friends. Pope Eugene IV. in Florence.
Completion of the dome of the Cathedral.

1435. Cosimo de’ Medici Gonfalonier.

Andrea del Verrocchio b. (d. 1488).

1436. Consecration of the Cathedral by Pope Eugene IV. Convent and
library of San Marco. Medici palace.

1439. Florentine Council of Union. The Greeks in Florence.

1440. War of the Visconti. Battle of Anghiari. End of the dominion of
the Guidi in the Casentino.

1441. Death of Baldaccio da Anghiari.

Pietro Pollaiuolo b. (d. 1489?).

? Luca Signorelli b. (d. 1523).

1442. Benedetto da Majano b. (d. 1498?).

Rinaldo degli Albizzi d., at Ancona.

1445. Giuliano Giamberti da Sangallo b. (d. 1516).

1446. S. Antonine Archbishop (d. 1459).

1447. War in the Chiana valley with Alfonso of Aragon, King of Naples.
Pope Nicholas V.

1449. (January 1) Lorenzo de’ Medici b. (d. 1492).

Bernardo Rucellai b. (d. 1514).

Domenico Ghirlandajo b. (d. 1494).

1450. Dispute with Venice. Francesco Sforza Duke of Milan.

1451. Amerigo Vespucci b. (d. 1512).

1452. Emperor Frederic III. in Florence. The Neapolitans in the Chiana
valley. Leonardo da Vinci b. (d. 1519).

1453. Giuliano de’ Medici b. (d. 1478).

Girolamo Benevieni b. (d. 1542).

1454. Peace of Lodi, between Florence, Milan, Venice, and Naples.

Angelo Ambrogio Poliziano b. (d. 1494).

1455. Intrigues against Cosimo de’ Medici. Luca Pitti. Pope Calixtus
III.

1456. Johannes Argyropulos called to Florence.

1457. Simone Pollaiuolo Cronaca b. (d. 1508).

Filippino Lippi b. (d. 1504).

1458. Changes in the Constitution by Luca Pitti. Pope Pius II.

1459. Pope Pius II. in Florence.

Benozzo Gozzoli paints the chapel of the Medici palace.

1461. Piero de’ Medici Gonfalonier.

1463. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola b. (d. 1494).

1464. Cosimo de’ Medici, ‘Pater Patriæ,’ d. Pope Paul II.

Marcello Virgilio Adriani b. (d. 1521).

1465. Beginning of the Pitti disturbances.

1466. Conspiracy of Diotisalvi Neroni, Luca Pitti, and their friends
against Piero de’ Medici.

1467. War of Colleone.

1468. Peace with Venice. Purchase of Sarzana. Tournament and marriage
of Lorenzo de’ Medici.

1469. Piero de’ Medici d. Authority of Lorenzo. Tommaso Soderini.

1470. Attempted revolt at Prato.

Bernardo Dovizj of Bibiena b. (d. 1520).

1471. Galeazzo Maria Sforza in Florence. Lorenzo de’ Medici at Rome
with Pope Sixtus IV. Piero de’ Medici b. (d. 1503). Bernardo
Cennini, first Florentine printer.

1472. Revolt and conquest of Volterra.

1473. Re-opening of the University of Pisa.

1474. King Christian of Denmark in Florence.

1475. Giovanni de’ Medici [Pope Leo X.] b. (d. 1521). Michelangelo
Buonarotti b. (d. 1564). Murder of Galeazzo M. Sforza. Regency
of Bona of Savoy.

1478. Conspiracy of the Pazzi. Death of Giuliano de’ Medici. War with Rome and Naples. Giulio de’ Medici [Pope Clement VII.] b.

1479. Defeat at Poggibonzi. Lorenzo de’ Medici in Naples. Lodovico il
Moro regent of Milan.

1480. Peace between Florence, Naples, and the Pope. Establishment of
the Council of Seventy.

1481. Cristoforo Landino’s edition of Dante.

1482. Ferrarese war. Francesco Guicciardini b. (d. 1540).

1483. Fra Girolamo Savonarola in Florence. King Louis XI. of France d.
Charles VIII. king.

1484. Peace of Bagnolo. Pope Sixtus IV. d. Innocent VIII. Pope.

1485. The Florentines in the Neapolitan barons’ war against the Pope.

1486. Peace between the Pope and King Ferrante.

1487. Re-capture of Sarzana by the Florentines.

1488. Family alliance between the Medici and Innocent VIII. Clarice
de’ Medici d. Homer’s works first printed. Convent of San
Gallo.

Murder of Girolamo Riario and Galeotto Manfredi.

1489. Cardinalate of Giovanni de’ Medici.

Fra Girolamo Savonarola again at San Marco.

Building of the Strozzi palace begun.

Benedetto da Majano.

1490. New constitutional reform. Lorenzo de’ Medici mediator between
Pope Innocent and King Ferrante.

Cathedral. Choir of Sta. Maria Novella by Ghirlandajo.
Negotiations for completion of the Cathedral façade.

1491. Reconciliation between the Pope and Naples.

1492. Proclamation of the Cardinalate of Giovanni de’ Medici.

Lorenzo de’ Medici d., April 8.