Chapter XX: Attempts at Union in View of the Proposed Council (6)

[1381] Saxo to Bugenhagen, July 5, 1537, “Briefwechsel Bugenhagens,” ed. Vogt, p. 151: “_actum esse de Pauli collo_,” etc.

[1382] Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 181.

[1383] _Ibid._, p. 380. See above, p. 230.

[1384] _Ibid._, p. 385.

[1385] Voigt, “Herzog Albrecht,” in Raumer, “Hist. Taschenbuch,” 2, p. 314. Döllinger, “Die Reformation,” 2, p. 142.

[1386] Bugenhagen, “Wahrhaftige Historie,” Wittenberg, 1547, Conclusion. P. Knittel in “KL.”², Art. “Bugenhagen.”

[1387] Döllinger, _ibid._, p. 142.

[1388] On February 4, 1538, from Copenhagen, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 329.

[1389] The Superintendent of Zealand, Peter Palladius, who had betaken himself to Denmark with Bugenhagen from Wittenberg, writes: “The thieves [monks] have now been driven out of the land, and some of them hanged.” L. Schmitt, “Der Karmeliter Paulus Heliä, Vorkämpfer der kathol. Kirche gegen die sog. Reformation in Dänemark,” Freiburg, 1893, p. 160 f. N. Paulus, “Protestantismus und Toleranz,” p. 19.

[1390] “Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 300 f.

[1391] On November 21, 1537, “Briefwechsel Bugenhagens,” p. 162 ff. Hörigk, _loc. cit._, p. 35 f.

[1392] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 219.

[1393] _Ibid._, p. 114.

[1394] _Ibid._, p. 178.

[1395] Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 83, in 1540.

[1396] _Ibid._, p. 84.

[1397] _Ibid._, p. 106.

[1398] H. Weller to the Councillors at Halle, April 18, 1567, “Briefwechsel des Justus Jonas,” ed. G. Kawerau, 2, p. 343.

[1399] Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 26, where he states that Luther also found fault with Katey’s many words, “_quibus ipsa perpetuo optima verba eius interturbabat. Et D. Ionas eadem erat virtute._”

[1400] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 317 _seq._

[1401] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 219. See above, p. 110 f.

[1402] Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 313, in 1543.

[1403] _Ibid._, p. 79.

[1404] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 175: “_tantum unum habere rusticum ex tot pagis_,” etc.

[1405] See vol. iv., xxiv. 4.

[1406] Cp. G. Kawerau, “Jonas’ Briefwechsel,” 2, p. lv. f., and also in “RE. für prot. Theol.,”³ Art. “Jonas.”

[1407] Kawerau, in “RE.,” _ibid._ Concerning his polemics with Wicel, Kawerau admits (in “Jonas’ Briefwechsel,” 2, p. xxxviii.) that “Georg Witzels historia” by Jonas is no “reliable source,” and of the attack on the Emperor he declares (p. xlix.) that, during the Schmalkalden War, Jonas caused him to be prayed against as “Antichrist.”

[1408] On February 9, 1534, Kolde, “_Anal. Lutherana_,” p. 204. For other similar passages see above, p. 277 f.

[1409] To Bullinger, April 9, 1534, _ibid._, p. 205: “_furit et debacchatur in quoslibet ... sicque devovet viros sanctissimos_,” etc.

[1410] Letter of December 8, 1543. Cp. Hess, “Leben Bullingers,” 1, p. 404 _seq._

[1411] See vol. ii., p. 363 ff.

[1412] F. X. Funk in “KL.,”² Art. “Wiedertäufer,” col. 1491, 1483.

[1413] G. Kawerau, in Möller, “KG.,” 3³, p. 92.

[1414] “Comment. in Galat.,” ed. Irmischer, 1, p. 8.

[1415] So at least says Luther in the Preface to a work of Urban Regius against the Anabaptists of Münster, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 332: “They write: That there are,” etc. Luther strongly urges the contrary.

[1416] In the Preface to the “Neue Zeitung von Münster,” _ibid._, p. 336. Cp. Luther’s letter to Frederick Myconius on July 5, 1534, “Briefwechsel,” 10, p. 62: “_De anabaptistis Monasteriensibus parum curo. Satan furit, sed stat Scriptura._”

[1417] To Jacob Probst at Bremen, August 23, 1535, “Briefwechsel,” 10, p. 197 f.

[1418] Cp. Bucer to Luther, August 25, 1530, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 8, p. 209 ff. Nicholas Gerbel to Luther, from Strasburg, October 21, 1530, ibid., p. 292; Luther to Joh. Brismann at Riga, November 7, 1530, ibid., p. 312: “_Sacramentarios, saltem Strassburgenses, nobiscum in gratiam redire spes est_”; he adds, however, a doubt as to Bucer’s sincerity: “_Si non fallit quod dicit; admonui enim, ne simularet_.”

[1419] “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 75 _seq._

[1420] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 348, with account of the acceptance of the Concord.

[1421] Kawerau, in Möller, “KG.,” 3³, p. 125.

[1422] Luther to Jacob Meyer, Burgomaster of Basle, February 17, 1537, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 172 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 201). To this letter Luther frequently refers as best expressive of his standpoint.

[1423] _Ibid._

[1424] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 348.

[1425] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 46.

[1426] On May 6, 1538, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 200 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 357).

[1427] On June 13, 1543, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 567 f.

[1428] June 20, 1543, _ibid._, p. 571.

[1429] To the printer, Christoph Froschauer, at Zürich, August 31, 1543, _ibid._, p. 587.

[1430] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 396 _seq._

[1431] See “_Concilii Tridentini Actorum Pars 1_,” ed. S. Ehses, 1904. Introduction by Ehses, chap. 10. Cp. Pastor, “Gesch. der Päpste,” 4, 2, 1907, pp. 471 ff., 582 ff.; 5, 1909, p. 31 ff.

[1432] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 31, p. 395 _seq._ In the writing “Etliche Sprüche wider das Concilium Obstantiense” (Constantiense).

[1433] _Ibid._, p. 393. Cp. _ibid_., p. 411; cp. his mocking “Ausschreibung eines heiligen freien, christlichen Conciliums.”

[1434] Vergerio to Ricalcati, November 13, 1535 (“Nuntiaturber.” 1, ed. W. Friedensburg, p. 539 ff.). “Corp. Ref.,” 2, p. 987 (Spalatin’s note). “Werke,” Erl. ed., 62, p. 58 (Table-Talk), Pallavicini, “Storia del Conc. di Trento,” 3, 18. Sarpi, _idem_, 1, n. 74. Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 371 ff. Pastor, _op. cit._, 5, p. 49 f.

[1435] On November 10, 1535, “Briefwechsel,” 10, p. 267: “_Egi Lutherum ipsum tota mensa_.”

[1436] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 375.

[1437] “Senza nervo, sensa iudicio et una bestia.” “Nuntiaturberichte,” p. 543. “Bestia” in such a connection even now does not signify a “beast,” but rather a foolish man of whom no use can be made.

[1438] “Ha li occhi sguerzi, li quali quanto più io mirava, tanto più mi pareva di vederli appunto simili a quelli, che qualche volta io ho veduto, di qualche uno iudicato inspiritato, così affogati, inconstanti et con certo come furor et rabie, che vi si vede dentro” (p. 541).

[1439] “Che egli habbia qualche demonio adosso.”

[1440] In Friedensburg, “Nuntiaturberichte,” p. 554.

[1441] On Vergerio, particularly on his trial, see G. Buschbell, “Reformation und Inquisition in Italien um die Mitte des 16. Jahrh.,” Paderborn, 1910, p. 103 ff.

[1442] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 181 ff.

[1443] _Ibid._, p. 184.

[1444] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 168; also “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 51 ff. “Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 202. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 385.

[1445] “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 126 _seq._ “Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 137.

[1446] Seckendorf (“Comment de Lutheranismo,” 3, p. 145) says of the words “with the fist”: “_id est calamo_.” This is confirmed by a statement of Luther’s, according to which he was determined to write against the “Romish beast” with an even stronger fist (below, p. 437).

[1447] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 384.

[1448] See below, p. 439.

[1449] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 61, p. 413 (“Tischreden”). Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 169.

[1450] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 61, p. 436.

[1451] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 389.

[1452] _Ibid._, p. 390 f.

[1453] _Ibid._

[1454] Mathesius, “Historien,” p. 130´.

[1455] N. Ericeus in the Sylvula MS., p. 202´; “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 186, n.

[1456] “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 4, p. 58.

[1457] “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 185.

[1458] _Ibid._, 5, p. 59.

[1459] “Aufzeichnungen,” p. 200.

[1460] Cp. above, p. 208 f.

[1461] “Tagebuch,” p. 111.

[1462] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 61; cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 294.

[1463] _Ibid._, 25², p. 254, 128.

[1464] To Caspar Müller, January 10, 1536, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 120 (“Briefwechsel,” 10, p. 291).

[1465] “Werke,” Weim. ed., 30, 3, p. 470; Erl. ed., 25², p. 128.

[1466] _Ibid._, 23, p. 57.

[1467] See vol. vi., xxxvi.

[1468] “Symbolische Bücher,” p. 328 ff. “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 272 _seq._

[1469] See above, p. 434.

[1470] “Symbolische Bücher,” p. 336; in n. 39 and 40, the thesis that the Pope is Antichrist is proved syllogistically from 2 Thessalonians ii. 3 f.: “_Plane notæ antichristi competunt in regnum papæ et sua membra_.”

[1471] Page 337 f.

[1472] “_Abolent veros cultus, videlicet exercitia fidei luctantis cum desperatione._” See above, p. 345, how Melanchthon frequently emphasises the terrors which precede the working of the evangelical faith.

[1473] Page 340 ff.

[1474] Kolde, in the Introduction to the 10th edition of the “Symbolische Bücher,” p. 1. “This was the only official Confession agreed to at the Schmalkalden Convention.” When Luther caused his bitter “Artickel”—which had not been accepted at Schmalkalden at all (above, p. 431)—to be printed in 1538 (“Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 163 ff.), he nevertheless spoke of them as an official deed agreed to at the Schmalkalden Convention, declaring: “They have also been agreed upon unanimously by our followers and accepted, so that—were the Pope and his adherents ever so bold as to hold a Council, without lying and deceit but in all sincerity and truth, as he ought to do—these Articles ought to be publicly put forward as the confession of our faith.” Was he really ignorant of the actual facts of the case? It was surely to his interest, after the Conference of Schmalkalden, to inform himself exactly of the fate of his Articles. Kolde, _ibid._, p. 61, is of opinion that he evidently made the above assertion “in ignorance of the negotiations which had taken place at Schmalkalden during his illness.” Kolde, moreover, shows that Luther’s publication did not even agree with the original as “presented at Schmalkalden”; but contained various additions, some of them of considerable length, though “without any alteration of meaning.”

[1475] “Symbolische Bücher,” _ibid._, p. xlix. f.

[1476] Ellinger, _ibid._, p. 346.

[1477] “_De ecclesiæ autoritate et de veterum scriptis._” Kawerau, “Versuche,” p. 50.

[1478] One of the terms there used by Luther; “Werke,” Weim. ed., 30, 3, p. 282; Erl. ed., 25², p. 12.

[1479] Ellinger, _ibid._, p. 527, on the preface of 1546, reprinted in “Corp. ref.,” 6, p. 190 _seq._

[1480] Ellinger, _ibid._, p. 528.

[1481] _Ibid._, p. 416, in 1541.

[1482] “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, pp. 201, 203, Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 454 f. Cp. above, p. 321.

[1483] “Die Reformation,” p. 280.

[1484] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 251 ff.: “Ratschlag von der Kirche.... Mit einer Vorrede und Glosse M. Luthers,” 1538. The writing begins: “The Pope with his wretched Council is like a cat with her kittens,” and concludes (p. 277): Unchastity “is no sin at Rome.” Yet unchastity was one of the abuses assailed in the very writing which he here reprints, which urges that “Rome ought to be the model and example of all other cities.” Of the ambition prevalent at Rome he writes in his usual way (p. 253): “If all such filth were to be stirred up in a free Council, what a stench there would be.” On the title-page he depicts three cardinals: “Desperate knaves, bent on cleansing the Churches with foxes’ brushes” (p. 254).

[1485] Kawerau, “Versuche,” p. 38.

[1486] “Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 272.

[1487] “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 507, to Camerarius, March 31, 1538: “_ridicula deliberatio_,” in which Erasmus’s work was prohibited. _Ibid._, p. 525, to Spalatin, May 16, 1538, where the whole of the proposals for reform are called “_illæ cardinalium ineptiæ_.”

[1488] W. Walther, “Für Luther,” 1906, p. 605 f.; he quotes at length some indecent passages.

[1489] Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 346.

[1490] Mathesius, “Aufzeichnungen,” p. 212.

[1491] Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichnungen,” p. 96.

[1492] Ellinger, _ibid._, p. 371.

[1493] _Ibid._, p. 372.

[1494] Cp. the passage in the reprint of the “_Variata_,” “Corp. ref.,” 26, p. 357, with the same in the original Confession (“Symbol. Bücher,”^[10] p. 41). Our quotations are from Loofs, “Dogmengesch.,”^[4] p. 864 f.: “In view of the new idea of the Eucharist which he gradually adopted, we cannot doubt that Melanchthon was anxious to leave an open door for future agreement with the Swiss.” Thus Kolde, “Symbol. Bücher”^[10], Introd., p. xxvi.

[1495] Selnecker, “_Hist. narratio de Luthero, postremæ ætatis Elia_,” Lipsiæ, 1575, Fol. H2: “_Landgravium concepisse optimam spem de voluntate ipsorum et accessione ad unanimem Augustanam Confessionem amplectendam, si modo improbatio et damnatio sententiæ ipsorum, quam hactenus habuissent, eximeretur, atque hoc ipsum clementer perscripsisse ad D. Philippum et petiisse, exemplaria alia, omissis illis particulis, imprimi_.” Cp. Kolde, _ibid._, p. xxv. n. 3. Selnecker took Melanchthon’s part in the theological controversies of his day.

[1496] “Corp. ref.,” 26, p. 367 _seq._

[1497] Kolde (“Symbol. Bücher”^[10], Einleitung, p. xxv.) characterises the enlarging of Articles v. and xx., the stress laid on the necessity of Penance and good works, and also Article xviii. (_De libero arbitrio_) as “real alterations, or at any rate a watering down of their dogmatic character.” “The chief stumbling-block proved, not indeed then, but later, to be the wording of Article x. on the Supper.... That it was here a question of a real change (in the doctrine of the Eucharist) should never have been denied.”

[1498] Loofs, _ibid._, p. 865 _seq._

[1499] _Ibid._, p. 905.

[1500] See Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Eng. Trans., 6, p. 147).

[1501] Ellinger, “Melanchthon,” p. 424 f.

[1502] Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 582.

[1503] The writing is entitled “Kurtz Bekentnis,” etc. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 396 ff.

[1504] Kawerau, “Stellung” (above, p. 319, n. 1), p. 30.

[1505] “_Ultima admonitio ad Westphalum._” Cp. “RE. für prot. Theol. und Kirche”³, Art. “Melanchthon,” p. 526.

[1506] “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 578 _seq._ Cp. “Luthers Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 370. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 599.

[1507] Köstlin-Kawerau, _ibid._

[1508] Ellinger, _ibid._, p. 440.

[1509] On the book “Das Bapstum vom Teuffel gestifft,” see vol. v., xxxiii. 2.

End of Project Gutenberg's Luther, Volume 3 (of 6), by Hartmann Grisar