Chapter M: B. Winchell pursued his education in the graded schools of Waitsburg

and also in the Waitsburg Academy, while subsequently he spent three terms in the Waitsburg high school, which he attended in the winter seasons. In fact his attendance at school was by no means continuous, but he utilized every opportunity to promote his education by entering school whenever he could. His father met with financial reverses and thus Mr. Winchell of this review was obliged early to start out in the business world and provide for his own support. He also earned the money that enabled him to continue his education. After finishing his course of study in the graded schools he devoted two years to work before he entered the academy and there was also a period of two years between his academic course and his high school course. In the meantime, however, he was learning many valuable lessons through experience. He was employed during the summer months and he made every spare hour count. He continued farm work and subsequently turned his attention to the grain business, becoming manager of an elevator when a youth of but seventeen years. This elevator was located at Alto, and he subsequently managed elevators at other points for the same company, a fact which is indicative of his capability and of his faithfulness. It is recognized that the best way to learn to do a thing is to do it. Habit brings accuracy and power grows through the exercise of effort. Labor does not tire--it gives resisting force; and all of these facts Mr. Winchell demonstrated in his life. He studied every task that came to his hand and from each new experience learned valuable lessons which have proven of worth to him in later years. He learned to correctly judge men and read character, while at the same time he was acquainting himself with commercial methods. While engaged in the grain trade he bought and shipped grain on tonnage during the winter months and attended school when there was no grain to ship. In other words he improved every opportunity to promote his knowledge as well as to advance his material interests. In 1914 he entered the employ of the Allen Grocery Company in Waitsburg and there laid the foundation for his mercantile success. In 1916 he took up his abode at Touchet and became one of the dominant factors in the organization of the Quality Stores Company, having stores at Touchet, Lowden and Waitsburg. He became the manager of the establishment at Touchet, which at the last inventory showed a stock of over thirty-one thousand dollars value, while annually he does a business of from seventy-five to eighty-five thousand dollars. This is a splendid establishment to be under the care of a young man who had to fight his own way, make his own way through school unaided and at all times rely upon his own resources. In the parlance of the present day, he is a live wire, or in other words he has the dynamic force which makes things move. An opportunity is to him a call to action and the call is never neglected.

On the 22d of September, 1912, Mr. Winchell was united in marriage to Miss Alberta Williams, of Walla Walla, by whom he has two children, Zilpha Alice and Ruth Emily. Mr. Winchell maintains an independent course in regard to politics, voting for men and measures rather than for party. Fraternally he is connected with Delta Lodge, No. 75, K. P., of Waitsburg, and also with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, while both he and his wife hold membership in the Community church of Touchet. He is interested in all that pertains to the material, political, social, mental and moral progress of the community. In a word his aid and influence are given on the side of advancement and improvement, and with him each day must mark off a full-faithed attempt to grow more and to know more.

WILLIAM C. WOODWARD.

William C. Woodward, a resident farmer of Columbia county, Washington, was born February 13, 1862, within the boundaries of the county where he still resides and which has been his home throughout the intervening period. He is a son of Albert and Oral Woodward, of whom mention is made in connection with the sketch of his sister, Mrs. Mary Nichols, on another page of this work. He spent his youthful days under the parental roof and divided his time between the acquirement of an education and work in the fields. His early training under his father's direction acquainted him with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops, so that valuable experience aided him when, on attaining his majority, he started out in the business world for himself. He began farming and has since been identified with general agricultural pursuits, owning valuable property which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, so that year after year his fields return to him good harvests that bring him a substantial income.

In 1891 Mr. Woodward was united in marriage to Miss Nora Davis, a native of Oregon and a daughter of Daniel and Isabella (Laughlin) Davis. Mr. and Mrs. Woodward have become the parents of six children: Albert D., S. M., O. H., L. S., H. L. and Sarah Alice. The parents are members of the Christian Science church and in his political views Mr. Woodward is a republican. He has served as county commissioner for two terms and has made an excellent record in his devotion to the public welfare. He has also been a member of the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He has many sterling traits of character, is thoroughly reliable as well as enterprising in the conduct of his farming interests, is progressive in citizenship and loyal in friendship. In fact, he is most faithful to every cause which he espouses, does not hesitate to express his honest convictions and his position upon any important question is never an equivocal one. A resident of what is now Columbia county for fifty-five years, he has been a witness of practically its entire growth and development and is justly numbered among its worthy and honored pioneer settlers.

JOHN ROBERTSON.

John Robertson, who follows farming on section 25, township 11 north, range 41 east, in Garfield county, was born in Prince Edward Island, Canada, on the 30th of November, 1866, but since 1882 has been a resident of Washington and through all the intervening years has been identified with its agricultural development. His parents, John and Mary (Steel) Robertson, were also natives of Prince Edward Island and were of Scotch parentage. In 1873 they removed with their family to California, settling in the Livermore valley, where the father's death occurred four years later, and in the fall of 1882, Mrs. Robertson with her four sons and one daughter came by team to Washington, where they proceeded to make a home for themselves. There was a strong family bond between the brothers, mother and sister and they held all of their interests jointly for many years, the brothers cooperating in their farming enterprises, and as a consequence all of them prospered. The mother is still living and makes her home with her son John, whose filial love and devotion repay her for the care which she gave to him in his youth.

John Robertson pursued a district school education in California, to which state he was taken by his parents when a lad of but seven years. He was a youth of sixteen when the family home was established in Garfield county, Washington, and here in connection with his three older brothers he began farming. Early in the '90s he homesteaded eighty acres which adjoins his present home farm, but he continued to engage in business in connection with his brothers until 1902, since which time he has followed farming independently. As the years have passed on he has prospered in his undertakings by reason of his close application and indefatigable energy and, making judicious investment in real estate, is now the owner of five hundred and sixty-five acres of excellent farm land and is regarded as one of the prominent agriculturists of his section of the state.

J. M. CRAWFORD.

A notable example of successful personal achievement is the history of J. M. Crawford, president and general manager of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company of Walla Walla. Since making his initial step in the business world his career has been marked by an orderly progression that has brought him forward step by step until he now occupies a most prominent position in the commercial and manufacturing circles of the northwest. He was born in Smithfield, Ohio, June 3, 1865, and is a son of Dr. J. B. Crawford, who was engaged in the practice of medicine in Gillespie, Illinois, for many years. In 1910 he came to Walla Walla and here passed away in 1915 at the age of eighty-eight years.

J. M. Crawford spent his early life in the states of Illinois, Nebraska and Kansas. At the age of twenty-two years he was employed by the Badger Lumber Company of Kansas City and remained with them from 1887 to 1890, acting as line yard manager for western Kansas at a salary of fifty dollars per month, but he found his work very congenial. In 1889 he was married in western Kansas to Miss Martha Cox and they began their domestic life in a humble way, their first home being made in a lumber shed of the company, and here their oldest son was born. On starting in business for himself Mr. Crawford purchased a stock of lumber from the Paddock Lumber Company of Raywood, Illinois, and thus he laid the foundation for his present successful business.

In 1904 Mr. Crawford came to Walla Walla and formed the Whitehouse-Crawford Company by purchasing the control of a company from its original owners and later bought out those still interested in the business, so that today it is an entirely new corporation. In 1908 his brother, Joseph F. Crawford, came to Walla Walla and is now general manager of the company. They own a plant devoted to the manufacture of interior trimmings, showcases, bank and store fixtures, in addition to which they deal extensively in lumber, this being one of the most important industries of Walla Walla. The plant covers a block and a half on North Second street and forty men are employed throughout the year in the manufacture of a product which finds a ready sale on the market.

It was in 1906 that Mr. Crawford started the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company with five lumberyards, but which has since grown until it now has forty-five lumberyards in eastern Washington and central Oregon and is capitalized for five hundred thousand dollars. Of this company Mr. Crawford is the president and general manager. His business interests have thus assumed very extensive proportions and his activities constitute an important element in the material growth and commercial development of the northwest. Moreover, Mr. Crawford has been most active in advancing the welfare and upbuilding of his city by inducing many others to locate here. He has prevailed on many of his old friends to come from the east and make their homes in Walla Walla and five different Crawford families have located here.

To Mr. and Mrs. Crawford have been horn three children. Harold E. is a graduate of Whitman College and the Boston School of Technology. He now has charge of the engineering department of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company, which constructs elevators, furnishes plans for houses and promotes good buildings, the plans and work being given patrons free of charge. C. Howard is treasurer of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company and office man. He attended the Walla Walla high school until the age of seventeen, when he entered the office of the company and has steadily advanced, being a young man of practical experience and pronounced ability. Both sons are progressive and able to fill positions calling for skill and effectiveness. Susan M., the only daughter, was at one time a student at the University of Washington but is now attending Whitman College.

Mr. Crawford is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He has taken a marked interest in the Walla Walla Commercial Club and served on its board of directors for some years and as its president for one year. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and Mr. Crawford was on the building committee when the present house of worship was erected. He is a self-made man, able, forceful and successful, and can well be numbered among the builders of Walla Walla. Alert and enterprising, he seems to lose sight of no opportunity that will advance his legitimate business interests or will promote the welfare and upbuilding of the community at large. His keen sagacity has been an important element in public progress and Walla Walla honors him as one of her most valued and representative men.

GRANT LOW.

Grant Low, a resident farmer of Columbia county, living on section 3, township 10 north, range 40 east, is numbered among the native sons of North Carolina, his birth having occurred within the borders of the Old North state December 25, 1870. His parents were Samuel and Dillie (Proctor) Low, who were also natives of North Carolina, where they spent their entire lives, the father there conducting a plantation.

Grant Low was reared upon the old home farm until his sixteenth year, and acquired but a limited common school education. His parents died when he was a youth of ten years and he was placed with a guardian, for whom he worked for his board and clothes. He did not like the treatment he received, however, and at the age of sixteen he ran away from his foster parents and went to Missouri, where he was employed as a farm hand for three years. In July, 1889, he made his way westward to Dayton, Washington, where he arrived with a cash capital of but five dollars. His financial condition rendered it imperative that he secure immediate employment and soon afterward he began working for wages at farm labor, spending three years in that way. He next purchased a place of one hundred and sixty acres on credit. He did not have a cent with which to make an initial payment but he possessed courage and determination and was not afraid to work. Moreover, he recognized the eternal principle that industry wins. He began farming for himself and within the next five years was able to clear his place of all indebtedness. From that time forward he has steadily added to his holdings until he now has twelve hundred and forty acres in his home farm and he owns altogether forty-four hundred acres near Starbuck, in Columbia county, of which eighteen hundred acres is valuable farm land. He operates altogether three thousand acres of his own land and six hundred acres belonging to the Dwelly estate, which he farms under lease. He is one of the leading agriculturists of southeastern Washington, his business affairs having been most carefully managed and his investments most judiciously made. He employs progressive methods in the care and cultivation of his land and he has added many improvements to his farm, which is today valuable and which constitutes one of the attractive features in the landscape.

On December 3, 1891, Mr. Low was united in marriage to Miss Oral Monnett, of Covello, Columbia county, Washington, a daughter of Wallace Monnett and a sister of A. A. Monnett, one of the prominent business men of Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Low became the parents of five children, four of whom survive, namely: Nellie, Josie, Alberta and Donald. All are at home.

Mr. Low gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stanch advocate of its principles but does not seek nor desire office as a reward for party fealty. He has always preferred to concentrate his efforts and attention upon his business affairs and, working steadily and persistently, he has gained a comfortable competence, being numbered among the leading and progressive agriculturists of Columbia county.

ANGUS McKAY.

Angus McKay, a well known and enterprising farmer of Walla Walla county, was born in Canada on the 13th of January, 1836, and is a son of Angus and Margaret (Campbell) McKay, both of Highland Scotch birth. In 1832 they crossed the Atlantic and settled in Canada, where they continued to make their home until called from this life. To them were born eight children but Angus is the only one of the number now living.

Mr. McKay grew to manhood in Canada with the usual advantages of a boy of that period, attending school as he found opportunity. He subsequently served three years apprenticeship in a general merchandise store and remained in the Dominion in various capacities until in 1861 he left Canada and came to Walla Walla, Washington, where he engaged in the confectionery and tobacco business for five years. His former experience stood him in good stead and that he was successful along business lines is evident from the fact that at the end of that period he was enabled to secure a homestead of three hundred and twenty acres on Russell creek and he has since given his time and attention to farming with good results, becoming one of the well-to-do men of his community.

In 1866 Mr. McKay married Mrs. Mary A. Winship, a native of Ohio, who crossed the plains with her parents in 1852 in a covered wagon drawn by ox teams and settled in Oregon. To this union have been born seven children, of whom three are living, namely: March, residing and assisting on the ranch; Angus, living in Prossor; and Bessie, the wife of Oscar M. Shelton.

Mr. and Mrs. McKay are living on the ranch which has been their home for over half a century and besides this property they own a residence in the city of Walla Walla. Fraternally Mr. McKay is a member of the Masonic order and being a strong temperance man he organized the first Good Templars lodge in this region in 1866. In politics he is a republican and for fifty years he has efficiently served as justice of the peace, his rulings being fair and impartial. He has also filled the office of assessor for several years and no trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed in the slightest degree. His honorable principles have won him many friends and all who know him hold him in the highest esteem.

JOHN W. FOLEY.

The life record of John W. Foley spells success. He has succeeded in whatever he has undertaken by reason of close application, determined purpose and indefatigable energy. Early in life, when little more than a youth, he started out upon a mercantile career in Adam, Oregon, and the prosperity which attended that venture gave him his start for bigger things. He was likewise successful in the live stock business and later in farming operations, which he has carried on extensively, being regarded today as one of the foremost representatives of agricultural interests in Garfield county, his home being on section 3, township 12 north, range 41 east. He was born in the Willamette valley of Oregon on the 1st of November, 1866, and is a son of Francis and Hannah (Reese) Foley. The father is a native of Ohio and the mother of Kansas and in early life they crossed the plains, becoming residents of Oregon. They now make their home in California.

Liberal educational advantages were accorded John W. Foley. After mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools he became a student in the Willamette University of Salem, Oregon, and subsequently attended the Portland University, thus becoming well qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. In young manhood he turned his attention to the hardware business, establishing a store in Adam, Oregon, where he remained for two years. The venture proved profitable and he sold out at a good advance. He then went to Rock Lake in Whitman county, Washington, and for seven years was engaged in the cattle business. Again success attended his undertaking and on the expiration of that period he removed to Walla Walla, where he was engaged in the hardware and implement business for two years. He also devoted a part of his attention to farming when in Walla Walla county and in March, 1916, he took up his abode upon his present home farm in Meadow Gulch, Garfield county, where he owns sixteen hundred acres of rich and valuable land that responds readily to the care and cultivation which he bestows upon it. In business affairs he displays sound judgment and discriminates readily between the essential and the non-essential, discarding the latter and utilizing the former to the best possible advantage.

In 1893 Mr. Foley was united in marriage to Miss Edith Babcock, a daughter of W. A. Babcock, one of the early pioneer settlers of Whitman county who is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Foley have three children: Harold F., Eva and Wayne C. Mr. Foley gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stanch advocate of its principles but he has no desire for public office. He and his wife are consistent members of the Methodist church, contributing generously to its support and doing their part in its work. They are interested in all that pertains to the welfare and upbuilding of the community in which they reside and have been active factors in advancing its material, social and moral progress. They are widely and favorably known and the hospitality of the best homes of their locality is accorded them.

ANDREW J. ABEL.

Among the well known residents of Columbia county is Andrew J. Abel, a retired farmer. He was born in Indiana, October 28, 1838, a son of Andrew and Sarah Abel, both of whom were Hoosiers by birth. They grew to mature years and were married in Indiana but in 1840 removed with their family to Iowa, whence, in 1864, they set out by wagon for the far west. They at length reached Old Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up their residence on a farm near Dayton. Their first home in this section was a log cabin with a slab floor and a clapboard roof. Subsequently good buildings were erected upon the place, and the parents resided there until their death.

Andrew J. Abel, who is one of two living children of a family of ten, received the greater part of his education in Iowa and there grew to manhood. Upon removing to Washington with the other members of the family in 1864 he took a preemption claim in Paddock Hollow, and there he maintained his home for six years. At the end of that time he sold this place and took up as a homestead the farm on which he still lives. This comprises two hundred and forty acres, is in a high state of cultivation and is well improved. During his active life he gave the closest attention to the management of his affairs and as the years passed his resources increased. He is now in good financial circumstances and is living practically retired.

Mr. Abel married Miss Sarah A. Brodhead, and they have had eleven children, of whom eight survive, namely: Andrew J., Jr.; Maria J., the wife of James Woodward; Sarah E., who married William Newby; Cora A., now Mrs. Charles Ingram; Adele, the wife of Seymour Litter; Maud, the wife of Sterling Litter; Chester, a resident of Columbia county; and Tressie, who married Lenn Collins, now of Missouri.

Mr. Abel gives his political allegiance to the democratic party but has not served in any office with the exception of that of member of the school board. His wife belongs to the Christian church and he also casts his influence on the side of right and justice. For more than five decades he has been an interested witness of the progress that has been made in Old Walla Walla county, and his reminiscences of the early days are of much interest to the younger generation who are growing up amid conditions vastly different from those that their parents found here.

SMITH OWENS GWINN.

Smith Owens Gwinn is successfully engaged in farming on section 20, township 11 north, range 40 east, in Columbia county. He was born in Putnam county, Missouri, February 17, 1855, his parents being William and Nancy (Triplett) Gwinn, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, where they were reared and married. Soon afterward they removed to Putnam county, Missouri, where they resided until 1864, when they heard and heeded the call of the west. The stories which reached them concerning the opportunities on the Pacific coast led them to the determination to try their fortune in Washington. With ox teams and wagons they traveled across the plains, being six months on the journey, and at length they established their home in Walla Walla county, six miles east of Walla Walla, where the father purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, for which he paid eighteen hundred dollars. Today the same property is worth forty thousand dollars. He lived upon that farm for a number of years and then sold the property, after which he took up his abode in the city of Walla Walla, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He had acquired a comfortable competence sufficient to meet all of his needs and also sufficient to supply him with the comforts of life. He passed away in 1897, while his widow survived for about twelve years, her death occurring in 1909. In his political views Mr. Gwinn was a democrat, giving stalwart allegiance to the party. He served as county assessor of Walla Walla county before it was divided, occupying that position for three or four years. He was widely known throughout the county, ranking as a representative business man and progressive citizen, and as a pioneer he contributed much to the early development of his section of the state. He and his wife were consistent and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church and were people of the highest respectability, enjoying the goodwill and confidence of all with whom they were associated. They left the impress of their individuality for good upon the material, political and moral development of the community.

Smith O. Gwinn was a lad of but nine years at the time of the removal of the family to Washington, so that he pursued his education largely in the schools of this district. He attended the Maxson school on Russell creek and on reaching his majority he began farming on his own account, renting land for that purpose. He raised two crops in Walla Walla county and in the fall of 1877 removed to Columbia county, where he homesteaded eighty acres. He failed, however, to get water on his land and therefore sold his right, after which he purchased another eighty acres with water on it. About 1880 he disposed of that farm and invested in his present home place of one hundred and sixty acres. In 1895 he leased this farm to Charlie Thronson and removed to Dayton, where he turned his attention to the livery business, with which he was identified for four years. Later he was engaged in various lines of business and retained his residence in Dayton until 1904, when he removed to Portland, where he resided for two years. He then went to Spokane, where the following year was passed, after which he returned to Portland, Oregon, where he again lived for three years. Once more he took up his abode in Spokane, where he remained until July, 1917, when he returned to the old home farm in Columbia county. Upon this place he has recently erected one of the most commodious and beautiful country homes in southeastern Washington and he has added many other modern improvements which add to the value and attractive appearance of the place. He also owns four hundred and eighty acres of land which constitutes one of the valuable wheat ranches of Columbia county. His business affairs are carefully managed and his unfaltering energy has carried him steadily forward to the goal of success.

Mr. Gwinn votes with the democratic party, of which he has been a stalwart champion since attaining his majority. He belongs to Touchet Lodge, I. O. O. F., and is one of the well known citizens of Columbia county who has gained a gratifying measure of success owing to his close application and indefatigable energy. His efforts have been a contributing factor in bringing about the splendid results that have been achieved in making southeastern Washington a notable agricultural belt, especially adapted to wheat raising.

W. H. YOUNGER.

W. H. Younger, who superintends the operation of the Prescott mills as agent for the Portland Flouring Mills Company, the largest concern of the kind in the northwest, was born in Stockton, California, on the 29th of January, 1889, a son of Thomas W. and Nannie (Welch) Younger. For a period of forty-three years the father was connected with the Southern Pacific Railroad Company as superintendent of motive power but has recently retired and now makes his home at Forest Grove, Oregon.

In the acquirement of his education W. H. Younger attended the public schools of Portland and also the Portland Academy. When a youth of sixteen years he entered the employ of the Portland Flouring Mills Company, securing a position as office boy in their Portland offices. With this important enterprise he has been connected continuously to the present time, becoming thoroughly familiar with every phase of the milling business, and that his services have been recognized as of value is indicated by his steady promotion. In 1909 he was made bookkeeper under E. H. Leonard, agent of the Prescott mills, serving in that capacity for four years or until the 1st of April, 1913, when he was appointed agent of the mills at Dayton, Washington. He had charge of the mills there for four years and on the 1st of May, 1917, was transferred to Prescott as agent at this point, in which connection he is making an excellent and most commendable record.

On the 28th of June, 1910, Mr. Younger was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Grace Anderson, of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Younger gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is deeply interested in matters of civic concern, having served as president of the Dayton Commercial Club and as a member of the Dayton Board of Trade. Fraternally he is identified with Dayton Lodge, F. & A. M., and he is also a charter member of Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. P., in which he has passed through all the chairs. His wife belongs to Trinity Episcopal church of Portland and both enjoy an enviable position in the social circles of Prescott, where they now make their home.

WILEY L. ARNOLD.

Wiley L. Arnold, a representative and successful agriculturist of Walla Walla county, resides on section 26, township 8 north, range 37 east, where he operates a well improved farm of forty-five acres, and he is also the owner of another valuable farm of one hundred and eighteen acres four miles distant from the aforementioned place. His birth occurred in Tennessee on the 8th of September, 1866, his parents being John and Anna Arnold, who spent their entire lives in that state. They had two sons, the brother of our subject being Grant, who is still a resident of Tennessee.

Wiley L. Arnold spent the period of his minority in his native state and in 1887, when a young man of twenty-one years, made his may to Spokane, Washington. Soon afterward, however, he removed to Vancouver, Washington, where he also spent but a short time and then went to Grants Pass, Oregon, there remaining during a winter season. Subsequently he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and here worked on a ranch for three and one-half years. On the expiration of that period he returned to Grants Pass, Oregon, but two years later again made his way to Walla Walla county and purchased the farm on which he now resides and to the cultivation of which he has devoted his attention continuously to the present time. It is a highly improved property, comprising forty-five acres on section 26, township 8 north, range 37 east, near Dixie. Mr. Arnold also owns another farm of one hundred and eighteen acres nearby and in the conduct of his agricultural interests has met with gratifying and well deserved success, being energetic, enterprising and progressive. He is also a stockholder in the warehouse at Sapellel.

In 1893 Mr. Arnold was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Perry, a native of California and a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Shinn) Perry, the former born in Canada and the latter in Michigan. They made the trip to California in 1849 and after a number of years' residence in that state took up their abode in Grants Pass, Oregon, where they spent the remainder of their lives. They became the parents of twelve children, eight of whom survive. To Mr. and Mrs. Arnold have been born six children, as follows: Veora I., who is the wife of George W. Bruce; Marion Harvey; Zeffie A.; Sarah F.; Ivan W.; and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Arnold gives his political allegiance to the republican party and has ably served as school director here. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Lodge No. 117, and his wife is a consistent member of the Christian church. They are widely and favorably known in Walla Walla county and Mr. Arnold enjoys an enviable reputation as a self-made man whose success is the merited reward of his unremitting industry and sound business judgment.

JOHN HOFFMANN.

John Hoffmann is one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla and of the Inland Empire. There is no phase of the frontier development with which he is not familiar, for he came here when the work of progress seemed scarcely begun. In the years which have since elapsed he has not only witnessed remarkable changes that have brought this county to a foremost place in the way of improvement and development but he has also taken a most active part in bringing about this result by reason of his extensive interests and activities as an agriculturist.

Mr. Hoffmann was born in Germany, March 28, 1852, and remained in that country until he reached the age of sixteen years, when his father sent him to the new world in order that he might escape Bismarck's compulsory military service law, which had been established at the close of the Franco-Prussian war. He remained for a period in New York and in the eastern part of the country but in 1878 reached Walla Walla, being then a young man of twenty-six years. He began life as a farm hand, and something of the intense activity and enterprise which has ever characterized him is indicated in the fact that he came to be the possessor of eight thousand acres of the finest land in the wheat belt of Washington, having six thousand and eighty acres in one body, which was but bunch grass land when taken by Mr. Hoffmann. It is now well improved with fine buildings, supplied with best modern improvements, including electric light and baths. Water is secured at a depth of nine hundred and forty-five feet, Mr. Hoffmann being the first to drill a deep well in this locality. His fine place certainly indicates what energy, good judgment and determination can do. At the time of his arrival, however, little land had been brought under the plow and the city of Walla Walla was scarcely more than a trading and military post. The wide fields were covered with sagebrush or bunchgrass and there were no railroads. Mr. Hoffmann brought with him a heavy team and with this he at once began work, hauling freight from Wallula to Spokane and into the Coeur d'Alenes. It often required two or three months to make such trips, for the horses had to be fed on grass, as there was little grain for that purpose. With the completion of the Northern Pacific Railroad, Mr. Hoffmann recognized the fact that freighting would no longer be profitable and therefore looked about him for some other means of support. He was unable to secure a homestead because he could not remain upon it, necessity forcing him to provide for his support in other ways. He therefore used his preemption right and occupied one hundred and sixty acres of land on what is now Eureka Flats. He used his team in work for others and as opportunity offered rented adjoining land. It was about 1880 that he threshed his first wheat crop from a tract of seventy-five acres, selling the crop at about forty-four cents per bushel after hauling it eighteen miles to Prescott. In his third year he harvested half a section of wheat but as yet had no farm machinery. When sowing and threshing time came, Mr. Hoffmann with his eight horses continued to work for others and in this way paid for putting in and gathering his crops for several years. In the meantime he was most carefully saving his earnings in order to equip a farm, and whenever opportunity offered he also added to his holdings, becoming the owner of four thousand four hundred acres on the Eureka Flats. There he introduced punctuality and regulations as stringent as those of a factory. He began work after three o'clock in the morning to round up the horses and ended the day's work at dark or later. He secured modern steam machinery and with his working system he did more work than if he had forced his employes to continue their labor from daylight until dark. There was no loss of time and each move was made to count for the utmost. He kept in touch with every phase of progressive farming and in fact was a recognized leader in introducing improved methods. He studied agriculture from the practical and from the scientific standpoints and, in fact, he recognized that these two things are one. The results achieved were marvelous and as his financial resources increased he continued making investments. From time to time he purchased cheap land. He bought six sections of railroad land along the Snake river to be used as horse pasturage until rapidly moving settlement required it. For this he paid only seventy-five cents per acre and after a few years he sold it at a net profit of five dollars per acre, thus realizing a handsome sum on his investment. He made other similar purchases of land, which in time he turned into ready money, continuing to realize a fair profit. His holdings at one time embraced over twelve thousand acres. He continued to occupy his farm until 1893, when he removed his family to Walla Walla, and in 1903 he retired from the active management of his farming property. He helped to organize and is a director of Walla Walla's Farmers Agency.

On April 25, 1881, Mr. Hoffmann was united in marriage to Miss Theresa Kirchner, a native of Minnesota, who came to Washington with her parents when she was a child of but four years. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffmann have become the parents of ten children, seven of whom are yet living: John Edward, an agriculturist of Columbia county, Washington; Bessie D., who is the wife of Ben Grote, of Walla Walla; Anna, who gave her hand in marriage to George Retzer, a druggist residing in Walla Walla; Valline, who is pursuing a course in mechanical engineering in the University of Washington at Seattle; Philip, a senior in the high school; John William, who is an eighth grade pupil; and Corleen, who is a freshman in the high school.

In politics Mr. Hoffmann has long been a stalwart republican and gives unfaltering allegiance to the principles of the party, yet without desire for office. He belongs to the Commercial Club and through that agency works for the upbuilding and development of the city in which he makes his home. He is well known in fraternal circles, holding membership in Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Columbia Commandery, K. T.; Oriental Consistory, No. 2, A. & A. S. R.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. For from thirty to forty years he has belonged to the order. He and his wife are also members of the Order of the Eastern Star and they are widely and prominently known socially, having a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of their acquaintance. The life record of Mr. Hoffmann is indeed a notable one and there is no resident of Walla Walla who has more truly earned the proud American title of a self-made man. Being early released from the military rule of Germany, he found in the opportunities of the new world the chances for advancement if the individual possesses industry and determination. These qualities are his in large measure and step by step he has progressed until he has long since occupied a place among the men of affluence in Washington. For almost forty years he has been a witness of the changes which have here occurred and is today one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county, his memory forming a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present.

U. F. CORKRUM.

No student of history can carry his investigations far into the annals of Walla Walla county without learning of the close connection of the Corkrum family with the development of the agricultural interests of this section of the state. U. F. Corkrum is numbered among the progressive and enterprising wheat growers of Walla Walla county, where he was born on the 1st of June, 1866. His father, Francis M. Corkrum, was a native of Kentucky, and in early life went to Illinois, where he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Killabrew, who was a native of that state. They were residents of Illinois until 1865, when they crossed the plains with ox teams to Washington. On their arrival the father took up a homestead on Dry creek, about six miles northeast of Walla Walla, where he resided until about 1895. He then removed to the city, where the last twelve years of his life were passed, his death occurring in 1907. He was one of the first men in this county to take up wheat growing, demonstrating the possibilities for the successful production of that crop in this section of the state. He became one of the most extensive wheat growers of eastern Washington and acquired twelve hundred acres of land, mostly devoted to wheat raising. His widow survived him for a brief period, passing away in 1910.

U. F. Corkrum was educated in the Union school on Dry creek, with one term at Whitman College. The winter seasons were devoted to his school work, while the summer months were spent in farm labor. As early as his nineteenth year he began farming on his own account and on attaining his majority he made his first purchase of land, becoming owner of a farm of two hundred and forty acres on Dry creek. To this he added at intervals as his financial resources increased until 1893, at which time he had ten hundred and thirty-five acres, but the widespread financial panic of that year caused him to lose all that he had and to start in business life anew. That he met discouragement bravely and undertook his task with stout heart is indicated in the fact that he now owns six hundred and forty acres of rich and valuable wheat land and recently sold another tract of one hundred and sixty acres. He is now residing in Walla Walla in order to give his children the advantages of the city, but he is still one of the active wheat growers of the county and his business affairs are systematically managed, while the results that are attained are most desirable.

In 1897 Mr. Corkrum was united in marriage to Miss Kathryn Williams, of Brecknockshire, Wales, who emigrated to the United States in 1894, and came to Washington two years later. They now have four children, namely: Franklin Carl, Frederick Victor and Ralph Edward, all of whom are students in the Walla Walla high school; and Bertie Stanford, who is attending the graded school.

In politics Mr. Corkrum is a democrat but is without ambition for public office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, to the teachings of which they consistently adhere, and their influence is always on the side of right, progress and improvement. They are honored among those whose financial liberality made possible the fine new church built in 1917. Their cooperation can ever be counted upon to advance and support movements for the benefit of the individual and of the community at large and they advocate the highest standards of citizenship. Mr. Corkrum's example is well worthy of emulation. Many a man of less resolute spirit would have become utterly discouraged by failure, but in his career difficulties and obstacles have seemed but to serve as an impetus for renewed effort, calling forth his latent powers. Recognizing that perseverance and industry are essential features to success, he has ever cultivated those qualities and has gained a most creditable position in business circles.

CLINTON H. CUMMINGS.

Clinton H. Cummings is a well known agriculturist residing on section 4, township 6 north, range 35 east, Walla Walla county, there owning eighty acres of land in the richest part of the valley. His birth occurred in Lewisburg, Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of August, 1855, his parents being Andrew and Catherine (Boney) Cummings, who spent their entire lives in the Keystone state. The father worked at the cabinet maker's trade in early life, but after the period of the Civil war embarked in the furniture business and was identified therewith in later years.

Clinton H. Cummings acquired a limited education in the district schools and subsequently secured a position as clerk in a mercantile establishment, while for a year and a half he was in the employ of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company. In 1883 he heard and heeded the call of the west and made his way to the Pacific coast country, reaching Seattle on the 28th of April of that year. He remained in that city for eight years, being employed in various ways, and in 1891 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he secured a position as manager of a grain warehouse. He was afterward employed in different capacities at Walla Walla until 1896, when he took up a homestead in the Nez Percé reservation and there devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits for seven years. On the expiration of that period he disposed of the property and returned to Walla Walla, where he established himself in the grocery business, successfully conducting an enterprise of that character for ten years. He then traded his store for his present farm holdings, which embrace eighty acres of the richest land in the valley and to the cultivation of which he has since devoted his attention, meeting with a well deserved and gratifying measure of prosperity in this connection.

In 1889 Mr. Cummings was united in marriage to Miss Frances Belle Kennedy, of Walla Walla. He is a democrat in politics and has served for two terms as a member of the city council of Walla Walla, the fact that he was elected in a strong republican ward being indicative of his personal popularity and the public confidence in his capability. Fraternally he is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to the Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287. His well directed business activities have won him material success and by his upright and honorable life he has gained the warm regard and friendship of many with whom he has been brought in contact.

CHARLES ISECKE.

For almost a third of a century Charles Isecke was a resident of Washington and during that long period made valuable contributions to the work of development and progress in the state. There was no phase of pioneer life in Washington with which he was not thoroughly familiar and at all times he bore his part in the work of development and won a substantial measure of business success. His personal qualities, too, made him very popular and everyone whom he met was his friend.

Mr. Isecke was born in Pommern, western Prussia, May 8, 1842, and had therefore completed the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten when called to his final rest. He acquired his education in the common and normal schools of his native country and after putting aside his textbooks began learning the miller's trade, with which he became thoroughly familiar. He was twenty-four years of age when in 1866 he severed home ties and bade adieu to his native land preparatory to becoming a resident of America. Crossing the Atlantic, he located at Buffalo, New York, and was there employed for a time in carpenter work but afterward turned his attention to railway bridge building. The west, however, attracted him and in 1874 he made his way to California, where for four years he was employed in the car shops at Salida. In the spring of 1878 he arrived in Washington, and after seeking a favorable location decided upon Anatone, where he purchased a small store that had been established only a short time before. Increasing the size of the stock immediately, he continued to carry on the business for eleven years with substantial success and in 1889 sold out to W. J. Clemans. He then removed to Asotin and during the period of his residence in that city was connected with various important industries and business enterprises, becoming president of the Blue Mountain Lumber & Manufacturing Company and also president of the bank of Asotin from its organization until his demise.

Mr. Isecke was married in 1879, about a year after taking up his abode in Anatone, the lady of his choice being Miss Mary L. Sutherland, of Truro, Nova Scotia, with whom he had become acquainted in California. Mr. Isecke was prominent in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and became a charter member of Hope Lodge, No. 30, at Anatone. He regularly attended the lodge meetings, had filled all of the offices in the organization and was always in attendance at the annual sessions of the Grand Lodge. He gave his financial aid and assistance to all movements calculated to benefit the community in which he lived and he was most generous in his contributions to religious organizations and charitable societies. He possessed a cheery nature, was ever considerate of others and never failed to extend a helping hand where he could give assistance. At Christmas time he was most generous in his gifts to the poor and it was his desire that all people should be happy. His kindly nature made him loved by all and his circle of friends was coextensive with the circle of his acquaintance. On the fiftieth anniversary of their graduation Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a poem concerning his classmates in which he termed them "The Boys." Speaking of one of them he said:

"You see that boy laughing, you think he's all fun
But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done.
The children laugh loud as they troop to his call
But the poor man that knows him laughs loudest of all."

These words are entirely applicable to Mr. Isecke, who belonged to that class of men who shed around them much of life's sunshine and who are ever putting forth earnest and effective effort to ameliorate the hard conditions of life for the unfortunate.

WILLIAM H. LEONARD.

William H. Leonard, one of the best known stock breeders in southeastern Washington, where he took up his abode almost four decades ago, is the proprietor of the Blue Ribbon Stock Farm on section 28, township 14 north, range 41 east, and owns eleven hundred and sixty acres of land, comprising one of the best improved farms in Garfield county. His birth occurred in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 1st of March, 1860, his parents being William J. and Sarah Jane (Cronkhite) Leonard, who were married in Illinois and spent the remainder of their lives in Vermilion county, that state. The father was an agriculturist, owning and cultivating two hundred and eighty acres of valuable corn land in Vermilion county. He died when yet a comparatively young man, passing away in 1866 or 1867, and his wife survived him for but ten years.

William H. Leonard was a youth of but sixteen years when he lost his mother and since that time he has made his own way in the world. In 1877 he journeyed westward by immigrant train to California, spending two years in Los Angeles county, where he worked for wages. In 1879 he came to Washington, locating in Walla Walla county, where he again worked for others for a period of two years and at the end of that time settled in what was then Columbia county and is now Garfield county. Here he took up a preemption claim of one hundred and sixty acres, subsequently commuted this and then took up a homestead. At the same time that he filed on his homestead he bought a quit claim on a timber claim, on which he proved up later. Since then he has added to this by purchase until his present holdings comprise eleven hundred and sixty acres and he enjoys the distinction of owning one of the best improved farms in Garfield county. During the past fourteen years Mr. Leonard has specialized in the breeding of registered thoroughbred shorthorn cattle and now has more than eighty head that are registered or eligible to registry. He has attended the Lewiston livestock show and sale with a carload of cattle for the past three years and has gained a most enviable reputation as a breeder. His style of dealing with his customers has contributed most to his success, demonstrating that honesty is the best policy, for when one of his animals is placed on the auctioneer's block, the buyers of his stock know that there are no by-bidders running up the price and that every animal purchased from him measures up to the standard set. The prosperity which has come to him is indeed well deserved, for he has worked earnestly and energetically as the years have gone on and by able management and sound judgment has won a place among the leading stock breeders and farmers of this section of the state.

In 1881 Mr. Leonard was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Starr, of Columbia county, her father, William H. Starr, being among the early pioneer settlers of that county. They have become the parents of five children, as follows: Clara E., who is the wife of Fernando Freeburn, a farmer of Garfield county; Izza C., who gave her hand in marriage to W. Morse, of Waitsburg, Washington; William J., who operates the home farm; Mary M., who was educated in the State Normal School at Cheney, Washington, and is now engaged in teaching; and Mildred T., at home.

HEZEKIAH N. BROWN.

Hezekiah N. Brown, a retired farmer, residing in Dayton, Columbia county, was born in central Tennessee, August 28, 1845, a son of John and Perlina (Kincade) Brown, who were also natives of that state. In 1847 they removed west to Arkansas, and there the father spent his remaining years. The mother, however, came to Columbia county, Washington, in 1874. The following year her death occurred. They had eight children, of whom five survive, two residents of Washington; two of Idaho; and one of Texas.

Hezekiah N. Brown received his education in Arkansas and there grew to manhood. Most of his boyhood was spent in rail splitting and hard work on the farm. In 1872 he determined to cast in his lot with the Pacific northwest and came to what is now Columbia county, Washington, but was then a part of Walla Walla county. He acquired title to land and as time passed he was able to add to his holdings. Success was the natural result of his hard work, thrift and good management, and he still owns nine hundred and thirty-two acres, which is in a high state of cultivation and is well improved. Although the buildings upon the farm are now commodious, up-to-date and attractive in design, during the first years of his residence here he lived in a box house. In 1909 he retired and removed to Dayton, where he still lives.

Mr. Brown was married in Arkansas in 1869, to Miss Elizabeth Carpenter, whose birth occurred in Runnells county, Missouri, February 14, 1849. To them have been born five children: Leo and George, both of whom are farming; Elmer H., who is living in Seattle; Walter S., a merchant of Spokane; and Luella, deceased.

Mr. Brown has been a lifelong adherent to the democratic party and for twenty-five years he rendered capable service as a member of the school board. At the time of the Civil war he served in the Confederate army under General Cooper, and although he was at the front four years and took part in much hard fighting he came out without a scratch. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church, whose teachings are the guiding principles of their lives. Mr. Brown was not only thrown upon his own resources at an early age but until he was twenty-four years old aided materially in the support of his parents. He is, therefore, a self-made man and is entitled to the credit given those who, through their own unaided efforts, have gained material success and an honored place in their community.