Chapter II: Part I: Natural Features

CHAPTER

I. ON EXPLORATION 3

II. A DEPARTURE-POINT 12

III. A BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF PAST MARTIAN DISCOVERY 20

IV. THE POLAR CAPS 32

V. BEHAVIOR OF THE POLAR CAPS 41

VI. MARTIAN POLAR EXPEDITIONS 54

VII. WHITE SPOTS 73

VIII. CLIMATE AND WEATHER 82

IX. MOUNTAINS AND CLOUD 96

X. THE BLUE-GREEN AREAS 108

XI. VEGETATION 119

XII. TERRAQUEOUSNESS AND TERRESTRIALITY 128

XIII. THE REDDISH-OCHRE TRACTS 148

XIV. SUMMARY 159

PART II

NON-NATURAL FEATURES

XV. THE CANALS 173

XVI. THEIR SYSTEM 184

XVII. GEMINATION OF THE CANALS 192

I. THE DIPLOPIC THEORY 196

II. THE INTERFERENCE THEORY 201

III. THE ILLUSION THEORY 202

XVIII. THE DOUBLE CANALS 204

XIX. CANALS IN THE DARK REGIONS 243

XX. OASES 249

XXI. CARETS ON THE BORDERS OF THE GREAT DIAPHRAGM 265

XXII. THE CANALS PHOTOGRAPHED 271

PART III

THE CANALS IN ACTION

XXIII. CANALS: KINEMATIC 281

XXIV. CANAL DEVELOPMENT INDIVIDUALLY INSTANCED 304

XXV. HIBERNATION OF THE CANALS 313

XXVI. ARCTIC CANALS AND POLAR RIFTS 325

XXVII. OASES: KINEMATIC 330