Chapter XXXI: Mary's Marriage (11)

Bread, white 280° 40 minutes Biscuit, small 300° 30 minutes Biscuit, large 300° 30 minutes Beef, roast rare 300° 15 minutes per pound Beef, roast well done 320° 15 minutes per pound { Fruit 260° 2 hours { Sponge 300° 30 minutes Cake { Loaf 300° 40 minutes { Layer 300° 15 minutes { Cookies 300° 5 minutes Chickens 340° 2 hours Custards 260° to 300° 20 minutes Duck 340° 3 hours Fish 260° to 300° 1 hour Ginger Bread 260° to 300° 20 minutes Halibut 260° to 300° 45 minutes Lamb 300° 3 hours Mutton, rare 260° to 300° 10 minutes per pound Mutton, well done 300° 15 minutes per pound Pie crust 300° 30 minutes Pork 260° to 300° 2-1/2 hours Potatoes 300° 1 hour { Bread 260° to 300° 1 hour { Plum 260° to 300° 1 hour Puddings { Rice 260° to 300° 30 minutes { Tapioca 260° to 300° 30 minutes Rolls 260° to 300° 20 minutes Turkeys 280° 3 hours Veal 280° 2-1/2 hours

When a teacher of "Domestic Science," the Professor's wife was accustomed to using a pyrometer, or oven thermometer, to determine the proper temperature for baking. She explained its advantages over the old-fashioned way of testing the oven to Mary and gave her a copy of the "Cooking Schedule," to put in her recipe book, which Mary found of great assistance, and said she would certainly have a range with an oven thermometer should she have a home of her own, and persuaded Aunt Sarah to have one placed in the oven door of her range.

THE END.

INDEX TO RECIPES

PAGE

Small Economies, "Left-Overs" or "Iverich Bleibst" 162
The Many Uses of Stale Bread 164
"Brod Grummella" 165
"Croutons" and Crumbs 165
"Zweibach" 166
German Egg Bread 166
Creamed Toast 167

Bread and Rolls 167
"Bucks County" Hearth-Baked Rye Bread 171
Frau Schmidt's Good White Bread (Sponge Method) 173
Excellent Graham Bread 173
Graham Bread (An Old Recipe) 174
"Mary's" Recipe for Wheat Bread 174
Frau Schmidt's Easily-Made Graham Bread 175
Whole Wheat Bread 176
Nut Bread 176
"Frau" Schmidt's "Quick Bread" 177
An "Oatmeal Loaf" 178
"Aunt Sarah's" White Bread (Sponge Method) 179
Recipe for Pulled Bread 180
Aunt Sarah's "Hutzel Brod" 180
Aunt Sarah's White Bread and Rolls 182
Aunt Sarah's Raised Rolls 183
Clover-Leaf Rolls 183
"Polish" Rye Bread (As Baked in Bucks County) 183
Perfect Breakfast Rolls 184
An Old Recipe for Good Bread 184
Steamed Brown Bread 186
A Wholesome Bread (Made From Bran) 186
"Frau" Schmidt's "Hutzel Brod" 186
Aunt Sarah's "Quickly Made Brown Bread" 187
"Stirred" Oatmeal Bread 187
Nut and Raisin Bread 188
"Saffron" Raisin Bread 188
Raised Rolls 189
"Grandmother's" Pine Raised Biscuits 190
"Stirred" Bread 191
Potato Biscuits 192
Aunt Sarah's Potato Yeast 192

Raised Cakes 193
"Perfection" Potato Cakes 193
Mary's Recipe for Cinnamon Buns 194
"Kleina Kaffe Kuchen" 194
"Grossmutter's" Potato Cakes 195
Aunt Sarah's "Bread Dough" Cake 196
"Good, Cheap" Dutch Cakes 196
Recipe for "Light Cakes" (Given to Mary by a Farmer's Wife) 197
Butter "Schimmel" 197
"Bucks County" Doughnuts 198
Extra Fine "Quaker Bonnet" Biscuits 198
Bucks County Cinnamon "Kuchen" 199
Moravian Sugar Cakes 200
"Mary's" Potato Cakes 200
"German" Raisin Cake 201
"Kaffee Krantz" (Coffee Wreath) 202
"Mondel Krantz" 203
The Professor's Wife's Recipe for Dutch Cakes 204
Farmer's Pound Cake 204
German "Coffee Bread" 205
"Fast Nacht Kuchen" (Doughnuts) 206
"Kaffee Kuchen" (Coffee Cake) 207
"Streusel Kuchen" 207

Muffins, Biscuits, Griddle Cakes and Waffles 208
Sally Lunn (As Aunt Sarah Made It) 208
Aunt Sarah's Recipe for "Johnny Cake" 209
"Mary's" Breakfast Muffins 209
Rice Muffins 209
Indian Pone 210
"Pfannkuchen" (Pancakes) 210
"Extra Fine" Baking Powder Biscuits 210
"Flannel" Cakes Made From Sour Milk 211
"Flannel" Cakes With Baking Powder 211
Frau Schmidt's Recipe for Waffles 211
"Crumb" Corn Cakes 212
Grandmother's Recipe for Buttermilk Waffles 212
"Bread" Griddle Cakes 212
Never Fail "Flannel" Cakes 213
Waffles Made From Sweet Milk and Baking Powder 213
"Bucks County" Buckwheat Cakes 213
Delicious Corn Cakes 214
Rice Waffles (As Aunt Sarah Made Them) 214
"German" Egg-Pancakes (Not Cheap) 215
"Frau Schmidt's" Griddle Cake Recipe 215
Mary's Recipe for Corn Cakes 215
Aunt Sarah's Delicious Cream Biscuits 216
Mary's Muffins 216
"Corn Muffins" (As Made by Frau Schmidt) 217
Strawberry Short Cake (As Frau Schmidt Made It) 217
Perfection Waffles 218
Recipe for Making "Baking Powder" 218

Fritters, Croquettes, Dumplings and Crullers 219
"Kartoffle Balla" (Potato Balls) 220
"Boova Shenkel" 220
Rice Balls With Cheese 221
"Kartoffle Klose" 221
Rice Croquets (and Lemon Sauce) 222
Corn Oysters 222
Banana Fritters 223
Parsnip Fritters 223
Aunt Sarah's "Schnita and Knopf" 224
A Very Old Recipe for "Knopf" (or Dumplings) 224
"Kartoffle Kuklein" (Potato Fritter or Boofers) 224
Rosettes, Wafers and Rosenkuehen 225
"Bairische Dampfnudein" 226
"Heller Bluther Kuklein" 226
"Apyl Kuklein" (Apple Fritters) 227
Dumplings Made From "Bread Sponge" 227
"Leber Klose" (Liver Dumplings) 228
Frau Schmidt's "Old Recipe for Schnitz and Knopf" 229
"Brod Knodel," or Bread Dumplings 230
"German" Pot Pie 230
"Zwelchen Dampfnudeln" 231
Green Corn Fritters 231
"Mouldasha" (Parsley Pies) 232
Inexpensive Drop Crullers 232
Batter Baked With Gravy 232
"German" Sour Cream Crullers 233
Grandmother's Doughnuts 233
Fine "Drop Crullers" 234

Soups and Chowders 234
Vegetable Soup 235
"Marklose" Balls for Soup 236
Egg Balls for Soup 236
"Suppee Schwangen" 236
Cream of Oyster Bouillon 237
"German" Noodle Soup 237
Cream of Celery 238
Oyster Stew 238
Clam Broth 238
Turkey Soup 239
Cream of Pea Soup 239
Tomato Soup 239
"Frau" Schmidt's Clam Soup 239
Clam Chowder 240
Brown Potato Chowder 240
Bean Chowder 241
Bouillon 241
"Farmer's" Rice 241
Philadelphia "Pepperpot" 242
"German" Vegetable Soup 243
A Cheap Rice and Tomato Soup 243

Fish, Clams and Oysters 243
Boned Shad 243
Croquettes of Cold Cooked Fish 244
Shad Roe 244
Scalloped Oysters 245
Deviled Oysters 245
Planked Shad 246
Broiled Mackerel 246
Codfish Bails 246
Fried Oysters 247
Panned Oysters 247
Oysters Steamed in the Shell 248
A Recipe Given Mary for "Oyster Cocktail" 248
Oyster Croquettes 249
Frau Schmidt's Way of Serving "Oyster Cocktails" 249
Salmon Loaf 249
Creamed Salmon 249
Oyster Canapes 250

Meat 250
"Sauergebratens" (German Pot Roast) 251
"Hungarian Goulash" 252
Broiled Steak 252
Stewed Shin of Beef 253
Hamburg Steak 253
Meat Stew With Dumplings 254
Extending the Meat Flavor 255
Preparing a Pot Roast 256
Stuffed Breast of Veal 257
"Gedampftes Rinderbrust" 257
"Paprikash" 257
Beef Stew 258
Savory Beef Roll 258
Veal Cutlets 259
Meat "Snitzel" 259
Sirloin Steaks 259
Meat Balls 260
Veal Loaf 260
Sweet Breads (Breaded) 261
Fried "Liver and Bacon" 261
Beef Steak Served With Peas 261
Creamed "Dried Beef" 262
Creamed Sweetbreads 262
Meat Croquettes 262
Stewed Rabbit 263
Roast Lamb 263
"Gefullte Rinderbrust" (Stuffed Breast of Beef) German Style 263
Fried Peppers With Pork Chops 264
Boiled Ham 264
Sliced Ham 264
Roast Pork 265
Pork Chops 265
"Home-Made" Sausage 265
Aunt Sarah's Method of Keeping Sausage 266
Souse 266
Utilizing Cold Meat "Left-Overs" 267

Fowl 267
Roast Chicken or Turkey 267
Bread Filling (As Aunt Sarah Prepared It) 268
Fried Chicken With Cream Gravy 269
Stewed or Steamed Chicken 270

Vegetables 270
White Potatoes 270
Baked Potatoes 271
Various Ways of Using Small Potatoes 271
Scalloped Potatoes 273
Candied Sweet Potatoes 273
Sweet Potato Croquettes 274
Potato Chips 274
Fried Eggplant 274
Baked Stuffed Peppers 275
Chili (As Prepared in New Mexico) 275
Baked Cabbage 275
Crimson Creamed Beets 276
Buttered Beets 276
Pickled "Mangelwurzel" 276
German Steamed Cabbage 277
Bean "Snitzel" 277
Boiled Spinach 277
Fried Onions and Potatoes 278
Steamed Asparagus (Pine) 278
Pasture Mushrooms 278
Steamed Mushrooms (Delicious) 279
Stewed Tomatoes 279
Sweet Corn 280
Fried Tomatoes With "Cream Sauce" 280
Baked "Stuffed Tomatoes" 280
"Canned Tomatoes," Fried or (Tomato Fritters) 281
"Bucks County" Baked Beans 281
Cooked Hominy 282
Grated Parsnip Cakes 282
To make "Sauer Kraut" 283
Dumplings to Serve With "Sauer Kraut" 284
Parsley Dried to Preserve Its _Green_ Color 285

Time Required to Cook Vegetables 285

Common Cream Sauce 286

Preparation of Savory Gravies 287

The Good Flavor of "Browned Flour" 287

Butter, Cheese and Suet 283
A Substitute for Butter (As Aunt Sarah Prepared It) 288
"Butter"--As It Was Made at the Farm, "By Aunt Sarah" 289
"Smier Kase," or Cottage Cheese 290
Uses of Sweet Drippings and Suet 291

Eggs 292
"Eierkuchen," or Omelette 292
Hard Boiled Eggs 292
Soft Boiled Eggs 293
An Egg and Tomato Omelette 293
Mushroom Omelette 294
A Clam Omelette 294
Deviled Eggs 294
Eggs in Cream Sauce 295
Aunt Sarah's Method of Preserving Eggs in "Water Glass" 295
To Test Fresh Eggs 296

Salads 297
Aunt Sarah's Salad Dressing 297
Dutch cucumber Salad 298
Carrot Salad 298
"An Old Recipe" for Chicken Salad 298
German Potato Salad 299
German Turnip Salad 299
"German" Salad Dressing 299
Mary's Potato Salad 300
Mary's Recipe for Salad Dressing 300
"Fruit" Salad Dressing 300
Grape Fruit Salad 300
"A Good, Inexpensive" Salad Dressing 301
Imitation "Lobster Salad" 301
"German" Horseradish Sauce 301
Mayonnaise Dressing (In Which Olive Oil is Used) 302
Mustard Dressing to Serve With Sliced Tomatoes 302
Chicken Salad 302
Pepper Hash 303
German Bean Salad 303
Meat Salads 304

Beverages 305
Coffee 305
Cocoa 305
Chocolate 306
Boiled Water 306
Tea 306
Iced Tea 307

Puddings 307
Rice Pudding 308
Frau Schmidt's Apple Dumplings 308
"Caramel Custard" as Mary Prepared It 309
Aunt Sarah's Bread Pudding 309
"Steamed" Bread Pudding 309
An Economical "Bread and Apple Pudding" 310
Cup Custards 310
Frau Schmidt's Graham Pudding 310
"Sponge" Bread Pudding (Sauce) 311
Aunt Sarah's Cottage Pudding (Sauce) 311
Apple "Strudel" 312
"Lemon Meringue" Pudding 312
Suet Pudding (Sauce) 313
Steamed Fruit Pudding (Sauce) 313
Cornmeal Pudding 314
Huckleberry Pudding 314
Tapioca Custard 314
Delicious Baked Peach Pudding 315
Caramel Custard 315
"Aunt Sarah's" Rhubarb Pudding 315
"Vanilla Sauce" for Rhubarb Pudding 316
Rice Custard 316
"Mary's" Cup Pudding (From Stale Bread) (Sauce) 316
"Buckwheat Minute" Pudding 317
Peach Tapioca 317
Aunt Sarah's Plain Boiled Pudding 317
Pudding Sauce 317
Apple Tapioca 318
Steamed Walnut Pudding 318
"Cornmeal Sponge" Pudding 318
Mary's Corn Starch Pudding 319
Apple Johnny Cake (Served as a Pudding) 319
A Good and Cheap Tapioca Pudding 319
"Gotterspeise" 320
Spanish Cream 320
Graham Pudding 320
"Pennsylvania" Plum Pudding (For Thanksgiving Day) (Sauce) 320
"Slice" Bread Pudding 321

Cereals 321
Oatmeal Porridge 321
Cooked Rice 322
Cornmeal Mush 323

Macaroni 324
Baked Macaroni and Cheese 324

Cakes 325
Cake Making 325
Frau Schmidt's Lemon Cake 327
Fine "Krum Kuchen" 328
Aunt Sarah's "Quick Dutch Cakes" 328
A Reliable Layer Cake 328
Boiled Icing 329
A Delicious "Spice Layer Cake" (Icing) 329
An Inexpensive Cocoa Cake 330
Aunt Sarah's Walnut Gingerbread 330
Aunt Sarah's "German Crumb Cakes" Baked in Crusts 331
"Sour Cream" Molasses Cake 331
Economy Cake 332
Ginger Cake 332
A Very Economical German Clove Cake (Icing) 333
Cake Icing for Various Cakes 333
Mary's Recipe for "Hot Milk Sponge" Cake 334
Cheap "Molasses Gingerbread" 334
Aunt Sarah's Extra Fine Large Sponge Cake 335
Angel Cake (Aunt Sarah's Recipe) 335
Aunt Sarah's Good and Cheap "Country Fruit Cake" 336
A "Sponge Custard" Cake 336
Custard 336
Grandmother's Excellent "Old" Recipe for Marble Cake 337
Mary's Molasses Cakes 337
Chocolate Icing for Molasses Cake 338
Hickory Nut Cake 338
"Light Brown" Sugar Cake 338
"Angel Food" Layer Cake 339
Mary's Chocolate Cake 339
Cocoa Filling 339
A Cheap Orange Cake 340
Frau Schmidt's Molasses Cake 340
Apple Sauce Cake 340
Icing 341
"Schwarz" Cake (and Chocolate Filling) 341
Apple Cream Cake 342
Apple Cream Pilling for Cake 342
A "Half Pound" Cake 342
A Delicious Icing (Not Cheap) 342
Cocoanut Layer Cake 343
The Filling 343
Gold Layer Cake 343
Sunshine Sponge Cake 343
An Inexpensive Dark "Chocolate Layer Cake" 344
Angel Cake 344
Mary's Chocolate Loaf (Made With Sour Milk) 345
Inexpensive Sunshine Cake 345
Mary's Recipe for Orange Cake and Filling for Cake 345
Roll Jelly Cake 346
Aunt Sarah's Cinnamon Cake 346
Gelb Kuchen (Yellow Cake) 347
Devil's Food Cake 347
A Cheap Cocoanut Layer Cake 348
Lady Baltimore Cake and Icing 348
An Inexpensive "White Fruit Cake" 348
A Good and Cheap "White Cake" 349
Chocolate Icing (Very Good) 349
Tip-Top Cake 349
Orange Cake and Filling 350
Cheap Sponge Cake 350
Caramel Cake and Icing 350
A White Cake 351
"Dutch" Currant Cake (No Yeast Used) 351
An "Old Recipe" for Coffee Cake 352
A "Cheap" Brown Sugar Cake 352
Frau Schmidt's "German Christmas Cake" 352
Aunt Sarah's "Shellbark Layer Cake" 352
Imperial Cake (Baked for Mary's Wedding) 353
A Light Fruit Cake (for Christmas) 353
English Cake (Similar to a White Fruit Cake) 353
Grandmother's Fruit Cake (Baked for Mary's Wedding) 354
An Old Recipe for Pound Cake 354
"Bucks County" Molasses Cakes (Baked in Pastry) 354
"Brod Torte" 355
A Delicious Chocolate Cake 355
Chocolate Icing 355
A White Cocoanut Cake 355
A Potato Cake (No Yeast Required) 356
A Citron Cake 356
Aunt Amanda's Spice "Kuchen" 356
A Good, Cheap Chocolate Cake 357
An Tee Cream Cake 357
Small Sponge Cakes 357

Small Cakes and Cookies 357
"Aunt Sarah's" Little Lemon Cakes 357
Oatmeal Crisps 358
Aunt Sarah's Ginger Snaps 359
German "Lebkuchen" (Icing) 359
Grandmother's Molasses Cakes 360
Angel Cakes (Baked in Gem Pans) 360
"Almond Brod" 360
"Grossmutter's" Honey Cakes 361
Lemon Wafers or Drop Cakes 362
Frau Schmidt's Sugar Cookies 362
Almond Macaroons 362
"Honig Kuchen" (Honey Cakes) 363
Frau Schmidt's Molasses Snaps 363
Hickory Nut Cakes 363
"Lebkuchen" 364
Fruit Jumbles 364
Brown Pfeffernussen 364
Small Oatmeal Cakes 365
Frau Schmidt's Recipe for "German" Almond Slices 365
"July Ann's" Ginger Snaps 366
Cocoanut Cookies 366
Chocolate Cookies 366
Small "Belsnickel" Christmas Cakes 367
"Pennsylvania Dutch" Kisses 367
Little Crumb Cakes 367
Delicious Vanilla Wafers (As Mary Made Them) 368
Macaroons (As Aunt Sarah Made Them) 368
"Springerles" (German Christmas Cakes) 368
Oatmeal Cookies 369
Peanut Biscuits 369
Plain Cookies 370
Walnut Rocks 370
Cinnamon Wafers (As Aunt Sarah Made Them) 370
Zimmet Waffles (As Made by Frau Schmidt) 371
"Braune Lebkuchen" 371
Peanut Cookies 371

Pies 372
Flaky Pie Crust 372
Aunt Sarah's Lemon Pie 373
The Professor's Wife's Superior Pastry 373
Mary's Lemon Meringue (Made With Milk) 374
Apple Tart 375
Raisin or "Rosina" Pie 375
Snitz Pie 376
Mary's Recipe for "Plain Pumpkin" Pies 376
Chocolate Pie 376
"Pebble Dash," or Shoo Fly Pie (As Aunt Sarah Made It) 377
Vanilla Crumb "Crusts" (the Crumbs for Crusts) 377
"Kasha Kuchen" or Cherry Cake 378
"Rivel Kuchen" 378
Aunt Sarah's Lemon Meringue 378
A Country Batter Pie 379
Pumpkin Pie (Aunt Sarah's Recipe) 379
White Potato Custard (Aunt Sarah's Recipe) 380
"Rhubarb Custard" Pie 380
"Lemon Apple" Pie 380
Green Currant Pie 380
A Country "Molasses" Pie 381
A Mock Cherry Pie 381
Aunt Sarah's Custard Pie 381
Plain Rhubarb Pie 382
Mary's Cream Pie 382
Apple Custard Pie 383
Lemon Pie With Crumbs 383
Aunt Sarah's Butter Scotch Pie 383
Green Tomato Mince Meat 383
Orange Meringue (a Pie) 384
Grandmother's Recipe for "Mince Meat" 384
"Twentieth Century" Mince Meat 385
A "Dutch" Recipe for Pumpkin Pie 385
Mary's Cocoanut Custard Pie 386
Grape Pie 386
Sour Cherry Pie 386
Aunt Sarah's "Strawberry" Pie 387
"Florendine" Pie 387
Aunt Sarah's "Cheese Cake," or Pie 387
"Frau" Schmidt's Lemon Pie 388

Pickles 388
Spiced Cucumbers 388
Mixed Sauce to Serve With Meats 389
Pepper Relish 389
Pickled Red Cabbage 389
Mustard Pickles 390
Aunt Sarah's Cucumber Pickles 390
"Rot Pfeffers" Filled With Cabbage 391
An Old Recipe for Spiced Pickles 391
Aunt Sarah's Recipe for "Chili Sauce" 392
Tomato Catsup 392
Pickled Beets 393

Marmalades, Preserves and Canned Fruits 393
"Frau" Schmidt's Recipe for Apple Butter 394
Cranberry Sauce 394
Preserved "Yellow Ground Cherries" 395
"Wunderselda" Marmalade 395
Aunt Sarah's Spiced Pears 395
Peach Marmalade 396
Aunt Sarah's Ginger Pears 396
Pear and Pieapple Marmalade 397
Grape Butter 397
Canned Sour Cherries 397
Candied Orange Peel 397
Aunt Sarah's "Cherry Marmalade" 398
Aunt Sarah's "Quince Honey" 398
Pickled Peaches 398
Currant Jelly 398
Pineapple Honey 399
Preserved Pineapple 399
Grape Conserve 399
Mary's Recipe for Rhubarb Jam 400
Apple Sauce 400
Rhubarb Marmalade as "Frau Schmidt" Made It 400
Grape Fruit Marmalade 401
Orange Marmalade 401
Cherry "Relish" 401
Canned Peaches 402
Pear Conserve 402
Lemon Honey 402
Canned String Beans 403
Preserved "German Prunes" or Plums 403
"Bucks County" Apple Butter 404
Canned Tomatoes 404
Euchered Peaches 405
Aunt Sarah's Method of Canning Corn 405
Dried Sweet Corn 406
Preserved Cherries 407

Frozen Desserts 407
Aunt Sarah's Frozen "Fruit Custard" 407
Sherbet 407
Ice Cream (A Simple Recipe Given Mary) 408
Frau Schmidt's Ice Cream 408
Maple Parfait 408
Ice Cream Made by Beating With Paddle 409
Aunt Sarah's Recipe for Frozen Custard 410
Pineapple Cream 410
Mary's Recipe for Peach Cream 411
Lemon Sherbet 411
Frau Schmidt's Frozen Custard 411
Caramel Ice Cream 412
Cherry Sherbet 412
Grape Sherbet 413

Wines and Syrups 413
Unfermented Grape Juice 413
Vinegar Made From Strawberries 414
Boiled Cider for Mince Pies 414
Lemon Syrup 414
Egg Nogg 414
Rose Wine 415
Dandelion Wine 415
Dandelion Wine (Made With Yeast) 416
Grape Fruit Punch 416
A Substitute for Maple Syrup 416

Salted Almonds or Peanuts 416
Peanut Butter 417
A Club Sandwich 417

Candies 417
Walnut Molasses Taffy 417
Cocoanut Creams 418
Fudge (As Made by Mary) 418
A Delicious Chocolate Cream Candy 418
Mary's Recipe for Molasses Taffy 419

Recipe for Making Hard Soap Without Boiling 419

To Imitate Chestnut Wood 420

Measures and Weights 422

Cooking Schedule 423