Chapter XXI: Part 2: of Table (3)

The upper surface of the wings (especially the hind pair) of this species is whitish orange, the base being strongly suffused with dark brown scales hiding the spots in that part; one of these, near the extremity of the discoidal cell, is visible, and the cell itself is closed by a semicircular spot, followed at a short distance by an oblique abbreviated black fascia formed of conjoined spots, of which the hinder one is smallest and most distinct; two other spots appear on the disc of the wing behind the extremity of the cell, and are placed nearly parallel with the apical margin, which is very narrowly black and slightly concave: the hind wings have a somewhat more suffused whitish hue than the anterior; they are brown at the base, and are marked before the middle with an irregular series of black dots, followed by two minute ones beyond the middle; the posterior margin is widely black. On the under side the fore wings have five black spots in the middle, followed by the abbreviated macular fascia: the hind wings are more tinged with rose-colour than the anterior ones, and are marked with about twelve black dots of different sizes; the posterior margin is pale yellowish white, surmounted by a row of black arches, resting upon a very narrow black edging. The head and body are black, spotted with pale buff, the sides of the thorax beneath the wings with a reddish spot; the abdomen is nearly white, the basal segments on the upper side black, with a pair of round white dots.

37. (7) ACRÆA AMPHIMALLA, Westw. (Plate E, figs. 1, 2.)

Alis supra fulvo vel puniceo luteis nigro-guttatis, anticarum apice late nigro triangulariter terminata, posticarum margine apicali e lunulis nigris, maculis concoloribus inclusis, notato. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1¾–2¹⁄₁₂.

(An _Acræa Caldarene_ alicujus?)

Habitat prope Tati, et marg. fluv. Motloutsi; mense Maio capta.

This very distinct species has the wings on the upper side of a buff colour, varying from dull orange to reddish; the black spots are of small size, and the fore wings have the apex broadly and triangularly black, whilst the hind wings have the slender apical outer black margin preceded by a series of slender depressed black arches enclosing spots of the ground colour of the wing; the ordinary black spot in the middle of the discoidal cell is sometimes preceded by a smaller, more or less slightly marked, dot, behind which is another small one; the cell is partially closed by a small oblique black spot, followed at some distance by a row of four small spots placed obliquely, and there are two other small spots between the middle of the wing and the posterior angle, the outer one being occasionally duplicated; in the hind wings the black spots, about twelve in number, are of nearly uniform small size. On the under side the black apex of the upper side is replaced by the ground colour of the rest of the wing, the spaces between the veins being more strongly marked with orange stripes: the hind wings are buff-coloured, with the spaces between the veins in the basal portion marked with red, having the black dots (about twenty in number) surrounded with buff, whilst in the apical half of the wing the intervening spaces are more orange; the black arcade preceding the slender outer black edging is marked more distinctly than on the upper side. The head and body are spotted as in the preceding species.

38. (8) ACRÆA NATALICA, Boisduval in Delegorgue’s Voy. Afr.
Austr. ii. p. 590; Hopffer in Peters’s Reise Mossamb. pl. 23,
figs. 12, 13.

_Acræa Bellua_, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 22.

_Acræa Hypatia_, var. B, Trimen, p. 98.

A series of small specimens, measuring only 2 inches in expanse of the fore wings, were taken at Tati. A large specimen (2¾ inches expanse) was taken near the Dry River in the beginning of March, and one (2½ inches expanse) was taken near the Motloutsi River in August.

39. (9) ACRÆA ANEMOSA, Hewitson, Ex. Butt. t. 3, Acr. 3, f. 14,
15.

Near the Umvungu River, end of October; and near the Victoria Falls in January.

40. (10) ACRÆA NEOBULE, E. Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.
pl. 19, f. 3; Reiche in Ferr. and Gal. Voy. Abyss. pl. 33, f. 3,
4.

An var. _Acræa Mahela_, Boisduval, Faune Madag. pl. 6, f. 1?

Ramaqueban River, February 14, 1874.

41. (11) ACRÆA RAHIRA, Boisduval, Faune Madag. pl. 5, f. 4, 5;
Trimen, p. 103.

Taken on the Zambesi road, end of November.

42. (12) ACRÆA DIRCÆA, Westw.

Alis supra fulvis, puniceo interdum tinctis; anticarum apice late nigris maculisque 9 parvis nigris, 4 in lineam obliquam pone medium positis; alis posticis maculis circiter 14 parvis nigris discoidalibus, margine tenui nigro fulvo-maculato: alis subtus pallidioribus, apice anticarum lutescenti, fulvo-strigoso; maculis nigris parum majoribus præsertim in alis posticis, interstitiis rubro-maculatis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2.

_Acr. Oncææ_ affinis sed apice lato nigro alarum anticarum optime distincta.

Numerous specimens taken at Tati and the Motloutsi River in May.

Family NYMPHALIDÆ.

Genus CHARAXES, Ochsenheimer.

43. (1) CHARAXES PELIAS, Cramer, pl. 3, f. C, D; Godart; Trimen,
p. 175; Butler, Lep. Exot. pl. 10, f. 5.

Near the Seruli River, August 19, 1873; and near the Victoria Falls in January.

Genus CYNTHIA, Fabricius.

44. (1) CYNTHIA CARDUI, Linnæus.

Taken at the Indunas’ Tree, near the Umvungu River, end of November.

Genus JUNONIA, Hübner.

45. (1) JUNONIA CLELIA, Cramer, pl. 21, f. E, F; Trimen, p. 128.

Bamangwato, Ramaqueban River, Gubuleweyo, and near Tati.

46. (2) JUNONIA ŒNONE, Linnæus: Cramer, pl. 35, f. A, C; Trimen,
p. 125.

Tati, Ramaqueban River, and about the Matengwe River.

47. (3) JUNONIA ORITHYA, Linnæus: Cramer, pl. 19, f. C, D, pl.
32, f. E, F, and pl. 290, f. A, B. Common in India, etc.

This species, not included in Trimen’s work, was taken near the Victoria Falls in the month of January. The Hopeian collection also has it from Sierra Leone.

48. (4) JUNONIA OCTAVIA, Cramer, pl. 135, f. B, C; Trimen, p.
130.

Near the Victoria Falls in January.

49. (5) JUNONIA NATALICA, Felder, Wien. ent. Mon. iv. p. 106.

_Junonia Hecate_, Trimen, p. 140.

Near the Victoria Falls in January.

50. (6) JUNONIA CLOANTHA, Cramer, pl. 338, f. A, B; Trimen, p.
137.

Near the Dry River, middle of March.

Genus DIADEMA, Boisduval.

51. (1) DIADEMA MISIPPUS, Linnæus.

Fœm. var. _Papilio Inaria_, Cramer, pl. 214, f. A, B.

Near the Victoria Falls; also from Sierra Leone, the Zambesi, and Mauritius, in the Hopeian collection.

Genus ATERICA, Boisduval.

52. (1) ATERICA MELEAGRIS, Cramer, pl. 66, f. A, B; Drury, Ill.
Exot. Ent. vol. iii. pl. 17, f. 3, 4; Trimen, p. 157.

Indunas’ Tree, near the Umvungu River, in November.

Genus DANAIS, Latreille.

53. (1) DANAIS CHRYSIPPUS, Linnæus; Cramer, pl. 118, f. B, C.

Indunas’ Tree, near the Umvungu River; and near Gubuleweyo in December.

Genus HYPANIS, Boisduval.

54. (1) HYPANIS ILITHYIA, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. vol. ii. pl.
17, f. 1, 2; Cramer, pl. 214, f. C, D; Trimen, p. 214.

Tati, Ramaqueban River, Inkwesi River (March 1874), Dry River; and Indunas’ Tree, near the Umvungu River.

Family SATYRIDÆ.

Genus CYLLO, Boisduval.

55. (1) CYLLO LEDA, Linnæus et auct.

An extremely variable species. The specimen from the Nata River (beginning of December 1874) has an obscure fulvous subapical patch bearing two black spots in the fore wings; beneath, pale brown, with dark brown fasciæ, and scarcely any trace of ocelli on the hind wings. Specimens from Ashanti are pale brown beneath, strongly freckled all over with brown, and with large ocelli on the hind wings.

Genus EREBIA, Dalman.

56. (1) EREBIA NARYCIA, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 32; Trimen,
p. 198.

Ramaqueban River, middle of March.

Genus YPTHIMA, Hübner.

57. (1) YPTHIMA NAREDA, Kollar in Hügel’s Kaschmir, vol. iv. pl.
2, p. 451; Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1865, pl. 17, f. 6, 7.

Near the Victoria Falls, in January.

Genus MYCALESIS, Hübner.

58. (1) MYCALESIS VICTORINA, Westw.

Sordide fusca, alis anticis pone medium nonnihil pallidioribus; ocellis duobus nigris ochreo anguste cinctis, singulo punctum album includente subapicali multo minori; posticis concoloribus lineis duabus tenuibus submarginalibus pallidioribus serieque ocellorum ut in anticis: alis subtus pallidioribus magis lutescentibus, fascia angusta recta communi pone medium, anticis 2-posticis 7-ocellatis, ocellis valde inæqualibus, in posticis lineis pallidis valde sinuatis inclusis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1¾.

Affinis _M. Eusiro_, Hopffer in Peters’s Reise Mossamb. pl. 25, f. 3–6.

Near the Victoria Falls.

Family LYCÆNIDÆ.

Genus AMBLYPODIA, Horsfield.

59. (1) AMBLYPODIA NATALENSIS, D. W. and H., Gen. D. Lep. pl.
75, f. 4; Hopffer in Peters’s Reise Mossamb. p. 399; Trimen, p.
227.

_Spindasis Masilikazi_, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 45.

Near the Victoria Falls, in January.

60. (2) AMBLYPODIA? LEROMA, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 42;
Trimen, p. 231.

Near Tati.

Genus ZERITIS, Boisduval.

61. (1) ZERITIS PERION, Cramer, pl. 379, f. B, C.; Trimen, p.
267; Hopffer in Peters’s Reise Mossamb. pl. 26, f. 1–3.

Gubuleweyo, beginning of December.

62. (2) ZERITIS AMANGA, Westw.

Fœm. Alis supra læte rufo-aurantiacis; anticis macula magna basali nigra, costa pone medium margineque apicali nigris; alis posticis, rufo-aurantiacis basi nigricantibus: alis subtus purpureo-rufis, anticarum costa ad basim guttisque duabus parvis prope basim tertia parum majori submedia, alteraque subapicali, argenteis; posticis guttis perpaucis argenteis vix notatis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1⅓.

Near the Gwailo River. The red basal half of the costa of the fore wings, the outwardly angulated apical margin, the shorter hind wings, with both the anal and outer margin emarginate near the tails, and the splendid silvery base of the costa of the fore wings beneath, separate this insect from _Z. Perion_.

Mas. (Zambesi, Rowley. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniæ). Alis anticis supra fuscis, costa ad basim maculaque late trigona versus angulum externum marginis postici rufis; alis posticis rufis, basi venisque versus angulum externum nigricantibus: alis infra castaneo-rufis, costa anticarum basi, guttisque tribus argenteis ut in fœmina, squamis perpaucis argenteis in lineas transversas dispositis; alis posticis strigis tribus undulatis gracilibus obscurioribus guttisque nonnullis argenteis prope caudam. Margo externus alarum anticarum in medio angulatus, inter medium et angulum posticum emarginatus.

Genus POLYOMMATUS, Latreille.

63. (1) POLYOMMATUS TELICANUS, Hübner, Eur. Schm. Pap. f. 371–2,
553–4; Godart; Boisduval; Trimen, p. 238.

Tati, the Gwailo River, and near the Victoria Falls.

64. (2) POLYOMMATUS OTACILIA, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1868, p.
90.

Near the Victoria Falls, in January.

65. (3) POLYOMMATUS SYBARIS, Hopffer in Peters’s Reise Mossamb.
pl. 26, f. 6–8; Trimen, p. 242.

Near the Victoria Falls, in January.

Genus LYCÆNA, Fabricius.

66. (1) LYCÆNA PARSIMON, Fabricius; Godart; Boisduval.

_Papilio Celæus_, Cramer, pl. 379, f. K, K; Trimen, p. 247.

_Lycæna Asteris_, Godart; Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 40.

Var. _Lycæna Methymna_, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1862, p. 280.

Male, Ramaqueban River, in February; female, Bamangwato, Tati.

67. (2) LYCÆNA JESOUS, Guérin in Lefebvre’s Voy. Abyss. pl. 11,
f. 3, 4; Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 39; Trimen, p. 350.

Near the Gwailo River, October 12, 1873.

68. (3) LYCÆNA ASOPUS, Hopffer in Peters’s Reise Mossamb. pl.
26, f. 13–15; Trimen, p. 249.

69. (4) LYCÆNA LOCHIAS? MSS.?

Alis supra fuscis purpureo parum squamosis, posticis maculis duabus inequalibus nigris pallidius cinctis, submarginalibus, ciliis albis: alis subtus pallide fuscis albidoque alternatim fasciatis; posticis macula nigra intus aurantiaco, extus argenteo, notata, alteraque simili sed multo minori ad angulum analem, cauda nulla. Expans. alar. antic. lin. 10.

Locality not indicated.

Genus CHRYSOPHANUS, Hübner.

70. (1) CHRYSOPHANUS LARA, Linnæus; Fabricius; Trimen, p. 260.

_Papilio Jolaus_, Cramer, pl. 270, fig. F, G.

_Papilio Gorgias_, Stoll, pl. 33, f. 5, 5d.

Family HESPERIIDÆ.

Genus ISMENE, Swainson.

71. (1) ISMENE PISISTRATUS, Fabricius; Jones, Icones, vol. vi.
pl. 26, f. 1 (Typus in Mus. Britann.)

_Note._--The black mark extending from near the anal margin on
the under side of the hind wings, was more divided than usual in
Drury’s specimen, figured by Jones, so as to have led Fabricius
to describe the hind wings as four-spotted.

_Rhopalocampta Valmaran_, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 48.

Var. Fascia alba latitudine æquali absque maculis nigris.

_Papilio Forestan_, Cramer, pl. 391, f. E, F; Godart; Boisduval;
Trimen, p. 318.

Holfontein, July 13, 1873.

Genus LEUCOCHITONEA, Wallengren.

72. (1) LEUCOCHITONEA LEVUBU, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 52;
Trimen, p. 306.

Near the Dry River, beginning of March.

Genus CAPRONA, Wallengren.

73. (1) CAPRONA PILLAANA, Wallengren, Lep. Caffr. p. 51; Trimen,
p. 308.

Near Tati or Gwailo.

Genus PAMPHILA, Fabricius.

74. (1) PAMPHILA RANOHA, Westw.

Alis supra nigrofuscis, costa prope basim fulvo-irrorata, fascia fulva e basi marginis interni per medium alæ extensa, sensim dilatata et ante apicem alæ desinente, maculam ovalem inter cellulam et apicem nigram gerente, ciliis fulvis; alis posticis fascia lata irregulari pone medium fulva: alis subtus fulvis, anticis linea prope basim, macula discoidali ovata strigaque subapicali ad angulum analem sensim dilatata nigrofuscis; alis posticis fulvis nigro-guttatis, guttis novem in lineas duas margine postico parallelas dispositis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1⅙.

Near the Victoria Falls, in January.

75. (2) PAMPHILA HARONA, Westw.

Magnitudo _P. Lineæ_, Linnæus. Alis supra fulvis, anticarum costa (ad basim valde angusta) margineque apicali nigris; macula basali marginis interni, striga recta in cellula discoidali et macula conica ad apicem cellulæ nigris; alis posticis fulvis costa late nigra, ultra medium ad angulum externum angusta: alis infra fulvis, posticis pallidioribus; anticis macula magna baseos costam non attingente, altera parva transversa ad apicem cellulæ, tertiaque parva conica marginis apicalis versus angulum internum; alis posticis immaculatis; striola longitudinali magis brunnea, margine anali parallela. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1⅙.

Near the Victoria Falls, in January.

_LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA._

Moths of various sizes and hawk-moths appear to be very numerous in Southern Africa. A large number of species of the former were collected by Mr. Oates, chiefly of small size, the majority of which, unfortunately, were ill preserved.

Family SPHINGIDÆ.

The SPHINGIDÆ are not especially remarkable. The death’s-head moth, _Acherontia Atropos_, occurs throughout South Africa, and was found between Gubuleweyo and the Gwailo River. _Chœrocampa capensis_, with its bright pink under wings, extends from the Cape to Natal and Zulu Land. A new species, closely allied to this last insect, was captured by Mr. Oates, which may be thus described:--

CHŒROCAMPA VIRGO, Westw. (Plate E, fig. 11.)

Alba albido vix tincta, alis posticis plaga fere basali ovali punicea; omnibus subtus omnino concoloribus. Expans. alar. antic. fere unc. 3.

Habitat prope Gubuleweyo vel Gwailo fluv.

The Genus _Nephele_, Hübner (_Zonilia_, Boisduval), contains several South African species, _e.g._ _Sphinx Peneus_, Cramer; _fumosa_, Boisduval; _comma_, Gerstaecker; _viridescens_, Walker, and the beautiful _argentifera_, Walker. Several species of the silver-striped hawk-moths occur in South Africa, as _Chœrocampa Charis_, Boisduval; _Schenkii_, Moschler; _Thyelia_, Linn. (_Eson_, Cramer), etc. The lovely _Smerinthus Dumolinii_, Boisduval, is from Natal. The clear-winged _Sesia Hylas_, Linnæus, was captured at Gubuleweyo. And lastly, it may be mentioned that the Rev. H. Rowley sent the _Macroglossa hirundo_, Gerstaecker in Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika, pl. 15, fig. 7, from the Zambesi.

It may also be mentioned as a remarkable circumstance in entomological geography that the grand _Urania_ (_Chrysiridia_) _Rhipheus_, supposed until quite recently to be confined to Madagascar, and to be the only old world representative of the splendid new world _Uraniæ_, has been found on the east coast of Africa, near Zanzibar. Gerstaecker has figured the continental individual as a distinct species, but specimens which I have examined appear not to differ specifically from the Madagascar ones.

Family ZYGÆNIDÆ.

In this family a beautiful species of _Zygæna_, closely allied to the very striking _Z. ochroptera_, Felder, was taken at Tati, which may be thus characterised:--

ZYGÆNA TRICOLORATA, Westw.

Chalybea, humeris alisque anticis aurantiacis, harum margine apicali nigro; alis posticis sanguineis limbo nigro ante angulum analem desinente. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1, lin. 5.

Obs. _Z. ochroptera_, Felder, differt colore alarum limboque nigro multo angustiori.

Another species from Gubuleweyo is allied to Felder’s _Euctenia Zygænoides_ (pl. 82, f. 21), but has the sanguineous portion of the hind wings divided by a transverse black band. On the under side the white spots at the base and middle of the fore wings are sanguineous.

The beautiful South African species, _Z. caffra_, Linn., _ampla_, Walker, _concinna_, Walker (Delagoa Bay), and especially _Z. negamica_, from Damara Land and Lake Nyassa, require careful examination as to their generic position. Several species of _Procris_ and _Syntomis_ were also taken by Mr. Oates.

Family AGARISTIDÆ.

This family is represented in Mr. Oates’s collection by a beautiful undescribed species of _Eusemia_, allied to _E. Euphemia_, Cramer, pl. 345, fig. A, _E. longipennis_, Walker, Butler, Exot. Lep. Brit. Mus. pl. 5, fig. 5; _E. pallida_, Butler, l. c. fig. 3; and _E. contigua_, Butler, l. c. pl. 4, f. 8:--

EUSEMIA ADULATRIX, Westw. (Plate G, fig. 1, and Plate H, figs. 3, 3_a_, 3_b_.)

Alis anticis nigris, maculis duabus parvis subbasalibus, fascia obliqua integra submedia, alteraque magna late ovali inter medium et apicem, interstitiis argenteo-irroratis; striga minuta marginis interni pone medium punctoque rotundato intus angulum posticum flavo-albidis; alis posticis sanguineis, limbo nigro; abdomine luteo, nigro-annulato. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2¼.

Habitat prope Tati et Gwailo fluv.

I take this opportunity of describing several other African allied species of this beautiful genus:--

EUSEMIA NIVEOSPARSA, Westw.

Corpore tenui, abdomine nigro, fulvo-annulato; alis anticis nigris maculis 7 parvis niveis,--1ma. parva in medio cellulæ; 2da. obliqua cellulam terminante; 3tia. ovali inter cellulam et apicem alæ; 4ta. elongata ante medium marginis interni; 5ta. pone maculam 2am; 6ta. bipartita inter 3am et 7am prope angulum posticum; alis posticis sanguineis, limbo nigro. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 3.

Habitat in Montibus Cameroons, Afr. occid. In Mus. Hopeiano.

EUSEMIA ÆMULATRIX, Westw.

Mediocriter angusta, alis anticis angustis, nigris, albido-maculatis,--macula parva rotunda in medio cellulæ; 2da. majori ad apicem cellulæ; 3tia. fasciæformi in partes quinque venis nigris divisa, angusta et in medio extus angulata; 4ta. elongata e basi ad medium marginis interni extensa; 5ta. irregulari-ovata pone 2am.; 6ta. minuta intus angulum posticum; alis posticis sanguineis, limbo nigro; abdomine fulvo, ano nigro-barbato. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2⅓.

Habitat ----? In Mus. Hopeiano.

EUSEMIA PARDALINA, Walker, Trans. N. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. i. (1873).

The type of this species, from Congo, is in the Hopeian collection, together with a second individual brought from Angola by Monteiro. It differs from _E. Euphemia_ in its smaller size, and in having the ground colour of the hind wings rich orange fulvous instead of sanguineous.

EUSEMIA MERETRIX, Westw.

Alis anticis nigris, maculis 5 fulvis,--1ma. obliqua subbasali marginem anticum et posticum non attingenti; 2da. ovali ad apicem cellulæ; 3tia. duplo majori oblongo-ovali et obliqua inter cellulam et apicem alæ; 4ta. fere rotundata pone 2am; 5ta. parva angulo postico proxima; costa basi albo-guttata, margine postico immaculato; alis posticis rufis, limbo nigro. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2¾.

Habitat in Africa merid. (D. Buxton). In Mus. Hopeiano.

EUSEMIA NUGATRIX, Westw.

Alis anticis nigris, costa ad basim biguttata, maculis 6 luteo-albidis,--1ma. subtrigona ante medium cellulæ; 2da. subquadrata parum obliqua ante apicem cellulæ; 3tia. magna subovali obliqua inter medium et apicem alæ, intus vena 3tia mediana in dentem nigrum incisa; 4ta. oblonga marginis postici, medium marginis fere attingente; 5ta. pone 2am; 6ta. fere ad angulum posticum alæ; interstitiis argenteo parum squamosis; alis posticis rufo-aurantiacis, limbo simplici nigro. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2⅔–3¼.

Habitat apud promontorium, “Cape Palmas,” Afr. occid. (Savage). In Mus. Hopeiano.

EUSEMIA GLOSSATRIX, Westw.

Alis supra nigris, purpureo-nitidis, præsertim in alis posticis; anticis fascia media parum curvata tripartita straminea, alteraque inter medium et apicem alæ e punctis 4 albis formata, interstitiis squamis argenteis perpaucis ornatis; alis posticis margine postico albo, intus dentato; abdomine supra nigro, subtus fulvo; collare et pedibus subtus fulvis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2¼.

Habitat in Afric. orient-merid. In Mus. Hopeiano.

Family SATURNIIDÆ.

This splendid family is well represented in Africa, particularly in the south-eastern portion, where a number of beautiful species have been found, especially in Natal. A monograph of these insects, so far as then known, was published by myself in the “Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” in 1849 (with four coloured plates containing thirty-three species), of which half were previously undescribed. Of these, perhaps the most striking is the long-tailed species _Actias mimosæ_, with pale green wings, which lives upon the Mimosa, on the banks of the river Tugela, the boundary of the kingdom of Amazulu, between Delagoa Bay and Natal, the cocoons of which are used by the natives for tobacco boxes. Another fine species is _Saturnia Alcinoë_, Cramer, pl. 322, fig. A, (= _S. Caffraria_, Stoll, pl. 31, f. 2, _S. caffra_, Boisduval in Delegorgue’s Voy. Afr. Austr. ii. p. 601). A specimen of this species, measuring seven inches in the expansion of the fore wings, was taken by Mr. Oates, but the precise locality was not recorded. Another species, which appears to be undescribed, was also taken by Mr. Oates, which may be thus characterized:--

SATURNIA CERVINA, Westw.

Tota roseo-cervina, alis anticis spatio minuto transverso squamis destituta ad apicem cellulæ, striolaque paullo obscuriori paullo curvata et vix distincta inter cellulam et marginem posticum; alis posticis macula parva trigona ad apicem cellulæ; abdomine magis fulvo; alis anticis apice subrotundatis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 4⅔.

Habitat prope Tati.

A beautiful species, nearly allied to the European emperor moth, was taken by Mr. Oates, which appears to be undescribed, although it has been named by Mr. Butler, in manuscript, in the British Museum collection:--

SATURNIA FLAVIDA.

_S. Apolloniæ_, Cramer, pl. 250, fig. A, persimilis; differt colore fusco-griseo alarum flavido-tincto, fascia fusca pone ocellum, absque maculis duabus nigricantibus subapicalibus, colore fusco subapicali omnium alarum intus flavido latius marginato. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 3⅓.

Habitat prope Gubuleweyo.

I take this opportunity of describing two additional species of _Saturnia_, closely allied to _S. flavida_, in the Hopeian collection, together with a remarkable species collected by Mr. Buxton:--

SATURNIA TERPSICHORINA, Westw.

_S. Apolloniæ_ similis at multo minor et pallidior, ocello alarum anticarum ovali, fascia tenui extus connexa, hac prope apicem alæ absque maculis duabus nigris; alis posticis basi albis absque fascia indistincta subbasali, ocello ovali extus cum fascia tenui fusca conjuncta, fascia 2da submarginali ut in _S. Apollonia_; thoracis dorso macula livido-fusca; incisuris abdominis livido-marginatis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 2¾.

Habitat in Africa merid.-orient. In Mus. Hopeiano.

SATURNIA DYOPS, Maassen and Weymer, Beitr., fig. 21.

This species is also closely allied to _S. Apollonia_, but wants the ocellus in the hind wings. Maassen obtained it from Natal. Specimens from South Eastern Africa, and from Angola (Monteiro), are in the Hopeian collection at Oxford.

SATURNIA HYPERBIUS, Westw.

Alis anticis ferruginosis, puncto minimo vitreo ad apicem cellulæ; striga recta obliqua pone medium alæ cinerea, area pone strigam magis aurantiaca, margine apicali plumbeo-tincto, ciliis rufis; alis posticis fulvis ocello mediocri medio cinereo (medio albido) circulo nigro; striga angusta cinerea inter ocellum et marginem posticum plumbescentem, ciliis rufis: alis subtus saturatioribus, venis flavis, anticis macula rotunda nigra, medio vitrea; cellula in posticis fere obliterata, strigaque pone medium angustiori et minus distincta; corpore rufo, abdomine magis fulvo. Expans. alar. antic. fere unc. 5.

Habitat in Africa merid. (D. Buxton.) In Mus. Hopeiano.

Family BOMBYCIDÆ.

The family BOMBYCIDÆ appears to be rich in species of the sub-family LIMACODIDES, the caterpillars of which are clothed with short erect bristles, which are capable of inflicting poisonous wounds; their cocoons are very solid and egg-shaped. Notwithstanding their defensive appendages they are subject to the attacks of parasites, and in the “Transactions of the Entomological Society,” 1876, pl. 10, I have given the history of a curious dipterous insect, _Systropus crudelis_, which destroys individuals of one of the species of this group. Mr. Oates obtained a number of species, the majority of which are, however, in a very mutilated condition. Of one, which is a very showy insect and appears to be undescribed, I give the description below:--

LIMACODES ARGENTIFERA, Westw.

Læte pallido-viridis, alis anticis basi macula media fasciaque subapicali valde curvata e guttis argenteis, singulis guttis annulo brunneo cinctis, fascia externa e medio marginis postici versus apicem extensa at guttis sensim decrescentibus; alis posticis abdomineque fulvis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 1¼.

_Pantoctæniæ Gemmanti_, Felder, Reise Novara, pl. 82, fig. 16, proxima.

Habitat prope Gubuleweyo.

A large species of this family, _Jana Mariana_, was collected by Mr. Oates at Tati, and is figured in Plate G, fig. 6. The type specimen is in the British Museum from Congo. It belongs to the modern Genus _Jana_, of Boisduval, but was described by the late Adam White under the name of _Bombyx Mariana_ (Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. 264). It is fawn-coloured, the fore wings with four slender oblique undulating brown bands. In the hind wings the bands are rather broader and more distinct, and there is a large purplish black spot at the base of the latter. The fore wings measure from 4 inches to 4⅔ inches in expanse.

The species of the remaining Lepidopterous families captured by Mr. Oates did not comprise any remarkable new species, and were for the most part in a much broken condition, rendering their determination very difficult.

Order COLEOPTERA.

Family _Cicindelidæ_.

Of the carnivorous ground beetles five genera of CICINDELIDÆ _Manticora_, _Platychile_, and _Dromica_, with _Ophryodera_ and _Bostrichophorus_, are peculiar to the central and eastern sub-regions of Africa. Of the first-named genera, Mr. Oates collected specimens of the gigantic _Manticora latipennis_, Waterhouse, together with a fine new species of _Dromica_ characterized below:--

DROMICA (MYRMECOPTERA) OATESII, Westw. (Plate G, fig. 5, and Plate H, figs. 1, 1_a_, 1_b_.)

Nigra, capite rugose striolato, labro lævi, in medio fulvo; pronoto subopaco transverse striolato, linea media dorsali albo-hirta, elytris obovalibus granulatis, singulis 5-costatis, costis longe ante apicem desinentibus; costa suturæ proxima e tuberculis oblongis formata; costa 2da ad basim straminea, nigro-punctata; margine externo inter medium et apicem linea gracili albida notato; antennis pone articulum 4tum dilatatis, compressis, articulis sensim ad apicem decrescentibus. Fœm. Long. corp. unc. 1, lat. med. elytr. lin. 3½.

Family CARABIDÆ.

Of this family there are 17 peculiarly South African Genera, including _Crepidogaster_, _Hystrichopus_, _Arsinoë_, and _Piezia_. The genera _Eunostus_, _Glyphodactyla_, and _Megalonychus_, occur in Madagascar as well as in South Africa. The greater portion of the gigantic species of _Anthia_ are African, and of these a number were collected by Mr. Oates, including _A. maxillosa_, Fabricius, _Mellyi_, De Breme, _cinctipennis_, Dupont, _guttata_, Melly, MS. in Brit. Mus., and an apparently undescribed species. Of the allied Genus _Cypholoba_, specimens were captured of _C. alveolata_, De Breme, and 7-_guttata_, Fabricius. Of _Polyhirma_ two species, _P. macilenta_, Olivier, and _amabilis_, Boheman (?), and two species of _Graphipterus_, _G. cordiger_, Dejean, and _Westwoodii_, De Breme (?). _Drypta jucunda_ and _Orthogonius caffer_, complete the list of CARABIDÆ.

Family SCARABÆIDÆ.

Of the sacred beetles, SCARABÆIDÆ, eminently characteristic of Africa, and especially of the southern region, specimens of the gigantic _Pachylomera femoralis_, Kirby, and a _Heliocantharus_, the largest species of the genus, were taken by Mr. Oates, together with _H. transversus_, Laporte (_operosus_, Dejean), and _H. intricatus_. _Circellium Bacchus_, _Chalconotus cupreus_ (varietas minor et brevior); three charming species of _Gymnopleurus_, _G. Olivierii_, _fulgidus_, and _speciosus_; _Sisyphus_, one small species; _Copris_, eight species, including _C. Jachus_, _Œdipus_, _Nemestrinus_, and _cœlatus_; six small obscure species of _Onthophagus_; _Onitis inuus_ and _ciliatus_:--the preceding, of all of which specimens were taken, together with several small obscure species of _Aphodius_, all being coprophagous in their habits, sufficiently testify to the existence of numbers of large mammalia in the regions where they occur.

Family MELOLONTHIDÆ.

Of this family a number of small obscure-coloured species were also collected, with two species of _Trox_; but of the very characteristic genera _Anisonyx_, _Peritrichia_, _Lepitrix_, _Pachycnema_, _Dichelus_, _Monochelus_, and _Gymnoloma_, all very numerous in species, and peculiar to South Africa, no specimens were captured by Mr. Oates.

Family DYNASTIDÆ.

_Oryctes Boas_, Fabricius, and a small _Syrichthus_, allied to _S. gagates_, were the only DYNASTIDÆ captured; the former in large numbers.

Family CETONIIDÆ.

Of the family of the Rose Chafers (CETONIIDÆ), containing about 1000 described species, twelve genera are peculiar to Western Africa, fourteen to South Africa, and twenty-one to Madagascar. Of the gigantic species of Goliath beetles, _Goliathus albo-signatus_, Boheman (_Kirkii_, G. R. Gray), inhabits the Zambesi country. _Ceratorhina splendens_, Bertoloni (_Petersiana_, Klug), one of the loveliest and most remarkable of beetles, inhabits the Tati district and Mozambique, but none of these singular insects were found by Mr. Oates. Six species of CETONIIDÆ were taken by Mr. Oates, including _Pachnoda obsoleta_, Schaum; _Spilophorus plagosus_; _Phoxomela umbrosa_, Gory and Perchéron; and _Oxythyrea discicollis_, Reiche, and _hæmorrhoidalis_, Fabricius.

Family LUCANIDÆ.

Of this family there are ten genera in South Africa, seven of which are peculiar, and two of these are confined to the Island of Bourbon; two genera are peculiar to Western tropical Africa and three to South Africa; whilst the otherwise widely-ranging genera _Lucanus_ and _Dorcus_ are absent from Africa. No species of this family was taken by Mr. Oates.

Family BUPRESTIDÆ.

This family is very extensive, containing at least 2700 species, many of which are splendidly coloured insects, of gigantic size, amongst which is a group essentially African, remarkable for the numerous pencils of short erect hairs dotted over their whole upper surface (Genus _Julodis_, Eschscholtz). The species of _Steraspis_ and _Sternocera_ are also of large size and great brilliancy. Twenty-seven genera of these insects occur in South Africa, of which six are peculiar, but Mr. Oates only collected four small and obscure species. The singular Genus _Polybothris_, with widely dilated elytra, is peculiar to Madagascar, no species of the genus having been found on the African continent.

Family ELATERIDÆ.

This family is also of great extent, consisting of not fewer than 2700 described species, many of which are exclusively natives of South-Eastern Africa and Madagascar, the finest group being _Tetralobus_, and its immediate allies, having flabellate antennæ, which are almost restricted to Africa, a few only occurring in New Holland. Of this group Mr. Oates collected a very interesting species, which I have figured in Plate G, fig. 4, and which appears to be identical with _Tetralobus bifoveolatus_ of Boheman (although apparently differing in certain points).

Family PAUSSIDÆ.

Africa possesses a number of species of this singular family, found in Natal by Herr Guienzius in ants’ nests. Mr. Oates, however, collected only one species, _Pleuropterus alternans_, Westw., Thesaurus Ent. p. 74, pl. 16, f. 2.

Family HISTERIDÆ.

These insects, which are generally found in excrement, appear to be numerous in individuals, although only about eight species were taken, one of large size.

Family SILPHIDÆ.

Of the carrion beetles one alone, _Silpha_ (_micans_, Fabricius), was captured.

Family BOSTRICHIDÆ.

Of the numerous family of wood-boring beetles, five species were found in considerable numbers, including _Apate_ (_monacha_ and _cornutus_, Fabricius).

Family TENEBRIONIDÆ.

This extensive family, belonging to the HETEROMEROUS SECTION of the Order, in its widest extent, as catalogued by Gemminger and Von Harold, comprises more than 4500 described species, many of the largest and finest of which are peculiarly African, such as _Chiroscelis_ and its allies (of which I published an illustrated monograph in the “Transactions of the Zoological Society,” vol. iii. 1849), and the gigantic species of _Moluris_, such as _M. Bertolonii_, Guérin, from Mozambique; _M. Rowleiana_, Westw., from the Zambesi; _M. gravida,_ Damara Land; and _M. Procrustes_, Delagoa Bay, illustrated in my paper in “Trans. Ent. Soc.” 1875, pl. 6. Many of these insects, which are especially natives of large sandy districts, were captured by Mr. Oates, including _Moluris Perretii_, _M. gibbosa_, _M. albipes_, etc., _Dichtha inflata_, Gerstaecker, _Anomalipus lineatus_ and _intermedius_, _Hypomeles rugosus_, Fabricius, etc. Numerous smaller species of MELASOMATOUS HETEROMERA, and HELOPIDÆ, were also taken, as well as ten species of MYLABRIDÆ.

Family HELOPIDÆ.

Amongst the HELOPIDÆ, apparently allied to _Centronipus_ and _Stenochia_, is an insect captured by Mr. Oates, which must be referred to a new Genus,

Genus DEROSPHÆRIUS, Westw.

Corpus oblongum, subcylindricum; capite parvo, conico, ante oculos utrinque rotundato-elevato, antennis longitudine dimidii corporis, articulis æqualibus, externis paullo brevioribus at non crassioribus; mandibulis capitis longitudine æqualibus curvatis, supra prope basim cornu erecto, apice inciso, armatis; labro subrotundato, antice emarginato; palpis maxillaribus elongatis, articulo ultimo vix securiformi; mentum transversum antice angustatum; palpis labialibus parvis, subcylindricis; prothorax rotundatus, subglobosus; pedes satis graciles; tarsis heteromeris, simplicibus, unguibus simplicibus.

DEROSPHÆRIUS ANTHRACINUS, Westw. (Plate G, fig. 3, and Plate H, figs. 2, 2_a_, 2_b_, 2_c_.)

Niger nitidus, capite inter antennas biimpresso, pronoto subtiliter punctatissimo; elytris punctato-striatis. Long. corp. fere lin. 6.

Family CURCULIONIDÆ.

Of the still more extensive family of the Weevils (Genus _Curculio_, Linnæus), of which, including the SCOLYTIDÆ, BRENTHIDÆ, and ANTHRIBIDÆ, not fewer than 1200 species have been described, large numbers are peculiarly African, especially the great Genera _Brachycerus_, _Episus_, _Microcerus_, _Platycopes_, _Sciobius_, and many others, the species of most of which are distinguished by their dull colours and sluggish movements, fitting them for their existence in wide arid sandy districts, where they emulate the _Pimeliæ_ and _Molurides_. Of this great tribe only nine species were captured, including numbers of individuals of the gigantic _Brachycerus apterus_, remarkable for the red spots on its black body, _B. congestus_, etc.

Family CERAMBYCIDÆ.

Of the great family of Longicorn beetles (_Cerambyx_, Linnæus), consisting of not less than 8000 already described species, there are in South Africa 262 genera, of which no less than 67 are peculiar, namely 5 of PRIONIDÆ, 25 of CERAMBYCIDÆ, and 37 of LAMIIDÆ. The most conspicuous of these genera are _Sternotomis_, _Zographus_, _Alphitopola_, _Tragocephalus_, _Phryneta_, _Ceroplesis_. The giant _Prionides_ are evidently very rare, but the remarkable genera may be mentioned, _Cacoscelis_, _Cantharoctenus_, and _Cantharoplatys_, Westw. (Thes. Ent.). Of this great group only 23 species were collected by Mr. Oates, including _Ceroplesis hottentotta_, _C. cruentata_, and two other species, _Phrissoma giganteum_, _Callichroma latipes_, _Hamaticherus sericeus_ and _denticornis_, and _Amphidesmus analis_, Olivier.

Family CHRYSOMELIDÆ.

The Phytophagous or plant-eating beetles (_Chrysomela_, Linn.), as may be inferred from their habits, are exceedingly numerous, both in species and individuals, in all parts of the world, more than 10,200 species having been described. Some few groups are especially African, such as _Pæcilomorpha_, Hope, belonging to the _Megalopides_, numerous species of _Sagra_, _Antipa_, _Melitonoma_, _Acolastus_, _Eurytus_, _Pausiris_, _Pallena_, _Cyno_, _Macrocoma_, etc. Only twenty-three species of these insects were taken by Mr. Oates, including _Sagra festiva_, Gerst., _Diamphidia femoralis_, Gerst., _Clythra tettensis_, and various species of _Eumolpus_, _Cassida_, _Hispa_, _Colaspis_, etc.

The other orders of insects received but little attention, and but few are contained in Mr. Oates’s collection.

Order ORTHOPTERA.

In this order several large and beautiful species of locusts were taken, including _Acridium leprosum_ and _scabrosum_, and _Petasia cruentata_, _Pamphagus haploscelis_, and the curious wingless grasshopper, _Eugaster loricatus_ of Gerstaecker. Two or three different kinds of Crickets and four species of BLATTIDÆ were also taken.

Order NEUROPTERA.

In this order a large species of _Myrmeleon_, marked like _M. Libelluloides_, and the lovely _Palpares citrinus_, were collected.

Order HYMENOPTERA.

In this order two large species of sand wasps with steel blue wings were taken.

Order HEMIPTERA.

Of HEMIPTERA twelve species of CIMICIDÆ were taken.

Order DIPTERA.

In this order various species injurious to cattle and horses, including six species of TABANIDÆ, one being the beautiful _Tabanus africanus_ of Gray (Griff. Anim. Kingd. Ins. pl. 114, fig. 5), were taken; also two species of _Hippobosca_, and various specimens of the terrible TSETSE (_Glossina morsitans_, Westw., Proc. Zool. Soc., 10th December 1850), of which I have thought it would be desirable to give a fresh figure (Plate G, fig. 2). The figure which I gave of this insect, accompanying my original description, was afterwards copied upon the titlepage of Dr. Livingstone’s Travels (without acknowledgment), and in my memoir I ventured to suggest not only that the Tsetse was identical with the Zimb of Bruce, but also possibly with the Tsaltsalya; and further, that “the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt,” described by the prophet Isaiah (ch. vii. 18, 19), and considered as the cause of one of the plagues of Egypt, may also have been no other than the Tsetse. Two notes recently published on this insect, with suggestions of remedying or preventing its attacks, may be added:--

Lewis Hornor, in the “Times,” 25th February 1879, writes, “Having hunted in the African fly country and seen many horses and oxen die of the bite, against which no external application is, I firmly believe, any safeguard, I venture to call attention to the precautions adopted by the Boer elephant hunters in the interior. The Tsetse inhabits narrow and clearly defined strips of country, familiar to all natives, and readily evident to strangers. On approaching one of these ‘fly belts’ (so called) a halt is made, and inspanning again at sundown the Boer treks through at night in safety. I only remember one case of mishap, when, in crossing a belt near the confluence of the Chobé and Zambesi, two or three oxen out of nearly forty were bitten, and that, if my memory serves me, on a bright moonlight night.”

The African traveller Hildebrandt recommends strongly, in the “Korrespondenzblatt der afrik. Gesellschaft,” the use of petroleum for those travelling in the tropics, as a protection against insects. Occasional applications to the face and hands ensured entire freedom from mosquitoes, and the same method sufficed to preserve horses and cattle against the deadly attacks of the Dondorobo gadfly, which so often cripples the movements of the explorer. Petroleum likewise protected the Natural History Collections of the traveller from ants, moths, etc.

[The description of Plates E-H is given on p. 365.]

App.Pl.E.

[symbol]. del. Mintern Bros. lith.]

App.Pl.F.

[symbol]. del. Mintern Bros. lith.]

App.Pl.G.

[symbol]. del. Mintern Bros. lith.]

App.Pl.H.

[symbol]. del. Mintern Bros. lith.]

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PLATES.

PLATE E.

Fig. 1, 2. _Acræa amphimalla_.

„ 3, 4. _Callosune Wallengrenii_.

„ 5, 6. _Callosune ramaquebana_.

„ 7, 8. _Callosune Buxtoni_, female.

„ 9, 10. _Callosune regina_, female.

„ 11. _Chœrocampa virgo_.

PLATE F.

Fig. 1, 2. _Acræa Atergatis_.

„ 3, 4. _Acræa Atolmis_.

„ 5, 6. _Acræa Axina_.

„ 7, 8. _Acræa Acontias_.

„ 9, 10. _Acræa Aglaonice_.

„ 11, 12. _Acræa Acronycta_.

PLATE G.

Fig. 1. _Eusemia adulatrix_.

„ 2. _Glossina morsitans_.

„ 3. _Derosphærius anthracinus_.

„ 4. _Tetralobus bifoveolatus_.

„ 5. _Dromica Oatesii_.

„ 6. _Jana Mariana_.

PLATE H.

Fig. 1. Upper lip and mandibles of _Dromica Oatesii_; 1a, maxilla
of do.; 1_b_, lower lip and palpi of do.

Fig. 2. Upper lip of _Derosphærius anthracinus_; 2_a_, mandible; 2_b_,
maxilla; 2_c_, lower lip of do.

Fig. 3. Head, antenna and spiral tongue of _Eusemia adulatrix_;
3_a_, chief veins of the fore wing of do.; 3_b_, extremity of
the body of the male of do., seen sideways.

Fig. 4. Head of _Jana Mariana_; 4_a_, do., seen sideways; 4_b_, chief
veins of the fore wings of do.

Fig. 5. Head of the Tsetse, seen sideways, with the parts of the
sucker separated from each other; 5_a_, antenna; 5_b_, pad
of the feet of do.

V.

BOTANY.[78]

By D. OLIVER, F.R.S., F.L.S., Professor of Botany in
University College, London.

(PLATES J, K.)

Order RANUNCULACEÆ.

* RANUNCULUS PINNATUS, Poir.

Order POLYGALACEÆ.

* POLYGALA VIRGATA, Thunb.

Order TILIACEÆ.

TRIUMFETTA WELWITSCHII, Masters.

Order MALPIGHIACEÆ.

ACRIDOCARPUS PRURIENS, A. Juss.

Order ZYGOPHYLLACEÆ.

* ZYGOPHYLLUM DREGEANUM, Presl?

Order AMPELIDEÆ.

VITIS, sp.

Order LEGUMINOSÆ.

* SUTHERLANDIA FRUTESCENS, R. Br.

ERYTHRINA, sp.

ERIOSEMA, sp.

BAUHINIA FASSOGLENSIS, Kotschy.

CASSIA TETTENSIS, Bolle?

* ACACIA, sp.

Order ROSACEÆ.

* CLIFFORTIA LINEARIFOLIA, E. and Z.?

Order SAXIFRAGACEÆ.

VAHLIA CAPENSIS, Berg.

Order COMBRETACEÆ.

COMBRETUM, sp.

COMBRETUM ZEYHERI, Sond.?

Order TURNERACEÆ.

WORMSKIOLDIA LONGEPEDUNCULATA, Masters.

Order UMBELLIFERÆ.

PEUCEDANUM CAPENSE, Dietr.?

Order RUBIACEÆ.

FADOGIA ZEYHERI, Sond.?

Order COMPOSITÆ.

* GEIGERIA ZEYHERI, Harv.

* ARTEMISIA AFRA, Jacq.

* DENEKIA CAPENSIS, D. C.

NIDORELLA AURICULATA, D. C.

* GERBERA NATALENSIS, Schultz Bip.

Order CAMPANULACEÆ.

WAHLENBERGIA BANKSIANA, A. D. C.

LOBELIA DECIPIENS, Sond.?

Order ERICACEÆ.

* ERICA, near COCCINEA, Berg.

Order OLEACEÆ.

JASMINUM, sp.

Order APOCYNACEÆ.

CARISSA, near TOMENTOSA, A. Rich.

Order CONVOLVULACEÆ.

EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES, Linn., var.

Order BORAGINACEÆ.

TRICHODESMA PHYSALOIDES, A. D. C.

Order SOLANACEÆ.

SOLANUM SUBEXARMATUM, Dunal?

Order GENTIANACEÆ.

CHIRONIA, sp.

Order SCROPHULARIACEÆ.

LYPERIA BURKEANA, Benth.

* LIMOSELLA TENUIFOLIA, Nutt.

* DICLIS REPTANS, Benth.

Order ACANTHACEÆ.

* HYPOESTES FORSKAHLII, R. Br.?

* HYPOESTES VERTICILLARIS, R. Br.?

Order SELAGINACEÆ.

* HEBENSTREITIA, near DENTATA, Thunb.

Order VERBENACEÆ.

LIPPIA ASPERIFOLIA, Rich.

LANTANA or LIPPIA, sp.

Order LABIATÆ.

* LEONOTIS LEONURUS, R. Br.

OCYMUM, or ORTHOSIPHON, sp.

Order AMARANTHACEÆ.

ACHYRANTHES ASPERA, L.?

Order EUPHORBIACEÆ.

EUPHORBIA, sp.

Order ORCHIDACEÆ.

LISSOCHILUS, 2 sp.

Order IRIDACEÆ.

GLADIOLUS BREVIFOLIUS, Jacq.

GLADIOLUS, near QUARTINIANUS, A. Rich.

Order AMARYLLIDACEÆ.

HÆMANTHUS, near MULTIFLORUS, Martyn.

Order HYPOXIDACEÆ.

HYPOXIS VILLOSA, L.

Order LILIACEÆ.

ANTHERICUM (TRACHYANDRA) OATESII, Baker in Trimen’s _Journal of
Botany_, 1878, p. 324. (Plate J.)

Rootstock not seen complete; outer tunics produced as a membrane round its neck. Produced leaves 5–6, contemporary with the flowers, terete above the sheathing base, ½ foot long, ½ line in diameter, clothed with fine soft deflexed white hairs as long as the diameter of the leaf. Scape as long as the leaves, pilose in the lower part glabrous upwards. Raceme lax, simple, ½ a foot long, 1–1¼ inch in diameter; bracts minute, deltoid; pedicels erecto-patent, the lower ones ½–¾ inch long. Perianth white, fugacious; segments ¼ inch long, lanceolate, with a distinct 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved brown keel. Stamens falling a little short of the perianth-segments; filaments muricate; anthers oblong, very minute. Style declinate, just overtopping the anthers.

Near the Abyssinian _A. Saltii_, and Cape _A. pubescens_.

ALOE, sp.

ASPARAGUS, sp.

* ANDROCYMBIUM MELANTHIOIDES, Willd.

App.Pl.J.

W. H. Fitch del. Mintern Bros. imp.

ANTHERICUM OATESII.]

App.Pl.K.

W. H. Fitch del. Mintern Bros. imp.

ADIANTUM OATESII.]

Order GRAMINEÆ.

* PANICUM (TRICHOLÆNA) ROSEUM (Nees.)

* ANDROPOGON, sp.

* ANDROPOGON (CYMBOPOGON) HIRTUS, L.

Order FILICES.

* PELLÆA CONSOBRINA, Hook.

ADIANTUM ÆTHIOPICUM, L.

ADIANTUM OATESII, Baker. (Plate K.)

Stipe slender, brown, glabrous. Lamina pedate, with 6–7 pinnate divisions, the largest 6–8 inches long, 1¼–1½ inch broad; end segment cuneate, ½–1 inch broad; side segments dimidiate, shortly petioled, all, except the lowest, rather ascending, imbricating over the rachis at the inner anterior corner, the largest ¾–⅞ inch broad, ½ inch long, straight and truncate on the lower and inner borders, cut into deep rounded lobes on the upper and outer borders; lower segments gradually dwindling down in size; rachis quite glabrous and scale-less, bright brown; texture thin, membranous; both surfaces bright green and glabrous. Sori not seen. Veins close, fine, distinct, flabellate, free.

Closely allied to the American and Asiatic _A. pedatum_, Linn., from which it differs by the fewer divisions of the frond, the outer ones not falcately curved, and its shortly-petioled ultimate segments, which are fewer, broader, and imbricated over the rachis.

ADIANTUM LUNULATUM, Burm.

CHEILANTHES FARINOSA, Kaulf.

NEPHRODIUM MOLLE, Desv.

NEPHRODIUM (LASTREA), sp.

NEPHROLEPIS EXALTATA, Schott.

NEPHROLEPIS CORDIFOLIA, Presl.

MOHRIA CAFFRORUM, Desv.

VI.

LIST OF MAKALAKA WORDS AND PHRASES,

From one of Mr. F. OATES’S Note-Books, 1874–5.

Y-sloga, _axe_.

Sewon[:c]ha, fold, _enclosure_.

Inslogo, _head_.

Lusa, _herd_.

Mutwalla, _package_.

Le-[:c]hebe, _pan_ (_of water_).

Bushlune, _powder_.

Mouti, _tree_, _medicine_.

A-acho, _our_.

A-aka, _his_.

Hlula, _to go by_.

T̈heula, _to be lame_.

Pesa, _to leave off_.

Amanga, _to lie_.

Ponsa, _to shoot_.

Hclanza, _to be sick_; also, _to wash_.

T̈hkinga, _to spy out_.

Londalosa, _to take care of_.

Incolo-ga Stoffel, _Stoffel’s waggon_.

Gagwasasan, _early this morning_.

Ea gahte, _a long time ago_.

Eo vouta, _it’s cooking_.

Ya chesa, _it is hot_.

Ngeswēle, _I heard_.

Ongeswanga, _I have not heard_.

Oeswēle? _did you hear_?

Gangbonanga, _I have not seen_.

Angetanga, _I don’t like_.

Una manga, _you lie_.

Gane na manga, _I don’t lie_.

Gang aze, _I don’t know_.

Asea aze, _we don’t know_.

Gneponsele, _I shot_.

Ngeza gon shia, _I’ll hit you_.

Wale shia lipe? _where is he_?

Bangape ba fana? _where are the boys_?

Y gu bane? _whom does it belong to_?

E haubele nane? _when did it go_?

Koulape? _where are you lame_?

Mouti moone? _what tree is that_?

Hamba tata zinto zato, _go get our things_.

Ouguchen gesa inglella eang Gubuleweyo, _show me the road to Gubuleweyo_.

INDEX.

Abantu Skulls, 276, 278, 279, 286

Abantu tribes, adoption of customs by, from the Khoi-Khoin races,
291

_Acacia_, sp., 366

_Acherontia Atropos_, 353

_Achyranthes aspera_, 368

_Acræa Acontias_, 345
_Acronycta_, 346
_Aglaonice_, 246
_amphimalla_, 347
_Anemosa_, 348
_Atergatis_, 342
_Atolmis_, 343
_Axina_, 344
_Bellua_, 348
_Caldarene_, 347
_Dircæa_, 348
_Hypatia_, 348
_natalica_, 348
_Neobule_, 348
_Rahira_, 348

_Acræidæ_, 342

_Acridium leprosum_, 363
_scabrosum_, 363

_Acridocarpus pruriens_, 366

_Actitis hypoleucus_, 325

_Adiantum æthiopicum_, 369
_lunulatum_, 369
_Oatesii_, 369

_Aëdon leucophrys_, 309

_Ægialitis atricollaris_, 326

_Ægithalus_, or Penduline Titmouse, nest of, 76, _note_

_Agaristidæ_, 355

_Alaudidæ_, 317

_Alcedinidæ_, 303

_Aloe_, sp., 369

Amadavats, nests of, 76

_Amadina erythrocephala_, 320

_Amblypodia natalensis_, 351
_Leroma_, 351

_Amphidesmus analis_, 363

_Amydrus bicolor_, 316
_morio_, 316

_Anas xanthorhyncha_, 327

_Anatidæ_, 327

_Androcymbium melanthioides_, 369

_Andropogon_, sp., 369
(_Cymbopogon_) _hirtus_, 369

_Anomalipus intermedius_, 361
_lineatus_, 361

_Anthericum_ (_Trachyandra_) _Oatesii_, 368

_Anthia cinctipennis_, 359
_guttata_, 359
_maxillosa_, 359
_Mellyi_, 359

_Anthocharis Eosphorus_, 336
_Erone_, 338

_Anthopsyche speciosa_, 338
_Theopompe_, 337

_Anthus caffer_, 317
_pyrrhonotus_, 317

Ant-eating Wheatear, Southern, 307

Ants, 40, 72. _See also_ White ants.

_Apate cornutus_, 361
_monacha_, 361

Apricots, 4, 37, 49

_Ardea melanocephala_, 326
_purpurea_, 326
_rufiventris_, 327

_Ardeidæ_, 326

_Ardeiralla Sturmii_, 326

_Artemisia afra_, 367

_Asio capensis_, 300

_Asparagus_, sp., 369

Assegais, different varieties of, 101, _note_

_Astur polyzonoides_, 298

_Aterica Meleagris_, 349

Australian skulls, 281

Ayres, Mr. Thomas, reference to, 294

Babbling Thrush, Jardine’s, 309
Pied, 308

Baines, Thomas, reference to, 247, 254, 256–8

Baker, Mr. J. G., F.R.S., descriptions of two new species of plants
obtained by Mr. Oates, by, 368

Bamangwato, 15–22, 36, 147–159
fighting at, 155
(or Mungwato), the usual name for Shoshong, 11, _note_

Baobab trees, 72, 83, 145

Barbel, 51, 230

Barbet, Le Vaillant’s, 306
Pied, 305

_Batis molitor_, 311

_Bauhinia fassoglensis_, 366

Bee-eater, Blue-cheeked, 301
Carmine-throated, 301
European, 301
Little, 301
Swallow-tailed, 302
White-fronted, 301

Bees’ nests, 73, 135

Beef-eater, African, 316

Beetles, annoyance from, 40

Bell, Thomas, 4

Bembesi River, 68

Bengali Finch, Southern, 321

Biltong, meat dried in the sun, 45

Birds’ nests collected by Mr. Oates, 76

Bishop-bird, Red, 320

Bleek, Dr. W. H. J., researches of, 276

Blockley, Mr., 244, 245, 247

Blue gum trees, 8

Blumenbach, J. F., reference to, 277

Boa-constrictor, 75

Boer hunters, 154, 217
their indiscriminate slaughter of game, 223

Boers and their waggons, 220
character of, 10, 225
farms of, in the Transvaal, 9, 10, 12, 39
their apparent poverty, 12

Bolinlila, Lobengula’s brother, 67

_Bombycidæ_, 358

_Bombyx Mariana_, 358

Bond, Mr., 203

_Bostrichidæ_, 361

Botany, by Professor Oliver, F.R.S., F.L.S., 366–369

_Brachycerus apterus_, 362
_congestus_, 362

Bradshaw, Dr., joins Mr. Oates, 244–251
with him at his death, 260–264

_Bradyornis Oatesii_, 314

_Bradypterus gracilirostris_, 310

Brass wire, 119, 120, _note_

Bristle-necked Thrush, Cape, 308

Broca, P., reference to, 280, _note_

Brown, Mr., 173

Brown, Mr. A., of Tati, 33, 35, 140, 163, 168, 188, 190, 198, 199,
200–202, 213, 216, 222

_Bubo lacteus_, 299
_maculosus_, 299

_Bubonidæ_, 299

_Bubulcus ibis_, 327

_Bucerotidæ_, 304

_Buchanga assimilis_, 315

Buckley, Mr. T. E., 3–36, 294

Building, singular native, 175

Bulbul, Layard’s, 308
Le Vaillant’s, 308

Bullocks, State slaughter of, 105

Bunting, Cape, 322
Golden-breasted, 322

_Buphaga africana_, 316

_Buprestidæ_, 360

Bushman crania, 273 _et seq._
measurements of, 292, 293
race, Mongolian origin ascribed to, 288–290
indications of kinship with the Akka and Obongo tribes, 288
remains, failure to obtain, 136, 166
finally obtained, 231

Bushmen, 24, 25, 28, 50, 80, 137, 144, 152, 180
looked upon as game by the Matabele, 222
mysterious instincts of, 222

Bush-shrike, Bakbakiri, 312
Crimson-breasted, 312
Pied Puff-backed, 312
Red-winged, 313
Short-tailed, 310
South African Puff-backed, 312
Three-streaked, 313
Yellow-breasted, 312

Bush-warbler, Short-tailed, 310

Busk, Mr. G., reference to, 277

Bustard, Blue, 326
Kori, 326

_Buteo jackal_, 298

_Butorides atricapillus_, 326
_rufiventris_, 327
_Sturmii_, 326

Butterflies, distribution of, in Africa, 333–335

Buzzard, Jackal, 298

Caffre skulls, 278, 285. _See also_ Kafir

Calabash pumpkins, 112

_Callichroma latipes_, 363

_Callidryas Castalia_, 336
_Florella_, 335
_Pyrene_, 335
_Rhadia_, 336
_Swainsonii_, 335

_Callosune Antigone_, 338
_Buxtoni_, 340
_Casta_, 338
_Danaë_, 337
_Eione_, 340
_Eupompe_, 337
_Evenina_, 340
_Evippe_, 338
_inornata_, 338
_Ione_, 338
_Keiskamma_, 338
_Omphale_, 338
_pseudetrida_, 340
_Ramaquebana_, 341
_regina_, 339
_Theogone_, 339
_Wallengrenii_, 341

_Campethera Abingtoni_, 306
_Bennetti_, 306
_Smithii_, 306

_Capitonidæ_, 305

_Caprimulgidæ_, 300

_Caprimulgus europæus_, 300
_mossambicus_, 300
_rufigenis_, 300

_Caprona Pillaana_, 353

_Carabidæ_, 359

_Carissa_, sp., 367

Carrion beetles, 361

_Cassia tettensis_, 366

Caterpillars, 96

Cattle disease, heavy losses from, in Natal, 8, 13

Cattle, Mashona breed of, 226

_Centropus senegalensis_, 305
_superciliosus_, 305

_Cerambycidæ_, 362

_Cerchneis amurensis_, 299
_naumanni_, 299
_rupicola_, 299
_tinnunculoides_, 299

_Ceroplesis cruentata_, 363
_hottentotta_, 363

_Certhilauda semitorquata_, 317

_Ceryle maxima_, 303

_Ceryle rudis_, 303

_Cetoniidæ_, 360

Ceylon, skulls from, 281

_Chalconotus cupreus_, 359

_Chalcopelia afra_, 322

Chapman, Jas., reference to, 254–260

_Charadriidæ_, 325

_Charaxes Pelias_, 349

Charm, a hunter’s, 54

Chat, Familiar, 307

Chat-thrush, Natal, 309

Cheetahs, goat killed by, 247

_Cheilanthes farinosa_, 369

_Chera progne_, 220, _note_; 319

_Chettusia coronata_, 325

Chinese, skulls of, 281

_Chironia_, sp., 367

_Chœrocampa capensis_, 354
_virgo_, 354

Christmas Day at the Pantamatenka, 244–246

_Chrysococcyx cupreus_, 305

_Chrysomelidæ_, 363

_Chrysophanus Lara_, 352

_Cicindelidæ_, 358

_Ciconia alba_, 327

_Ciconiidæ_, 327

_Cinnyris afer_, 310
_gutturalis_, 310
_mariquensis_, 310

_Circellium Bacchus_, 359

_Circus ranivorus_, 297

_Cisticola aberrans_, 309
_chiniana_, 309
_cursitans_, 310
_curvirostris_, 309
_tinniens_, 309

Cleland, Prof. J., reference to, 283, _note_

_Cliffortia linearifolia_, 366

_Clythra tettensis_, 363

_Coccystes cafer_, 305

Cokhé River, 67

_Colias Pyrene_, 335

_Coliidæ_, 305

_Colius erythromelon_, 305
_striatus_, 305

_Colubridæ_, 329

_Columbæ_, 322

Coly, Quiriva, 305
South African, 305

_Combretum_, sp., 367
_Zeyheri_, 367

Cook, Captain, reference to, 291

Coot, Rufous-knobbed, 324

_Copris cœlatus_, 359
_Jachus_, 359
_Nemestrinus_, 359
_Œdipus_, 359

_Coracias caudata_, 302
_garrula_, 302
_nævia_, 302

_Coraciidæ_, 302

Cormorant, Long-tailed, 328

Corn-crake, 324

_Coronella tritænia_, 329

_Corvus scapulatus_, 316

_Corythornis cyanostigma_, 303

_Cosmetornis vexillarius_, 301

_Cossypha natalensis_, 309

Cotton, wild, 69

_Coturnix dactylisonans_, 324
_Delegorguei_, 324
_histrionica_, 324

Crake, Peters’s, 324

_Crateropus bicolor_, 308
_Jardinii_, 309

_Crex pratensis_, 324

Crickets, 363

_Crithagra angolensis_, 322
_chrysopyga_, 322

Crocodile River, 14–18, 57
farms on the, 39

Crocodiles, 69, 79, 105, 162

Crow, White-backed, 316

_Cuculidæ_, 305

_Cuculus clamosus_, 305
_cupreus_, 305

Cuckoo, Black, 305
Golden, 305
Lark-heeled, 305
Le Vaillant’s, 305
White-eyebrowed Lark-heeled, 305

_Curculionidæ_, 362

_Cyllo Leda_, 350

_Cynthia Cardui_, 349

_Cypholoba alveolata_, 359
_7-guttata_, 359

_Cypselidæ_, 301

_Cypselus apus_, 301

Dacha, hemp used for smoking, 193

Daka River, 240, 242, 243, 245, 247

Damaraland, elephants in, 75, 80

_Danais Chrysippus_, 350

Dance, the Great, 98–104
preparations for, 96–98

Darter, Le Vaillant’s, 328

Dawnay, the Hon. G. C., 38

_Dendropicus cardinalis_, 306
_namaquus_, 306

_Denekia capensis_, 367

_Derosphærius anthracinus_, 362

_Diadema Misippus_, 349

_Diamphidia femoralis_, 363

_Dichtha inflata_, 361

Dick (Kafir driver), 31, 107–113, 142

_Diclis reptans_, 368

_Dicrocercus hirundinaceus_, 302

_Dicruridæ_, 315

_Dilophus carunculatus_, 316

Dobie, Mr., 168, 176, _note_

Dog, tame, run wild, story of, 201

Dogs, Lobengula’s, 107, 114
ferocity of, 98, 111

Dorehill, Mr., 184–187, 226–242

Dove, Cape Turtle, 322
Emerald-spotted, 322
Long-tailed African, 322

_Dromica Oatesii_, 359

Drongo, African, 315

_Dryiophidæ_, 329

_Dryiophis Oatesii_, 329, 330

_Dryoscopus boulboul_, 312
_cubla_, 312

_Drypta jucunda_, 359

Du Chaillu, M. Paul B., reference to, 288, _note_

Duck, Yellow-billed, 327

Dwarf Goose, African, 327

Dwarf Heron, Black-headed, 326

_Dynastidæ_, 360

Eagle Owl, Spotted, 299
Verreaux’s, 299

Echle, native hunter, 78, 85

Ecker, Professor A., reference to, 279

Egret, Short-billed, 326

Eland’s River, 14

_Elanus cæruleus_, 298

_Elateridæ_, 361

Elephant guns, Lee’s views upon, 49

Elephants, 30, 50, 75, 76, 77, 84, 129, 140, 196, 203
large tusks of, 81

Entomology, by Professor J. O. Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., etc., 330
_et seq._

_Erebia Narycia_, 350

_Erica_, sp., 367

_Eriosema_, sp., 366

_Erythrina_, sp., 366

Eskimo skulls, 275, 281

_Estrelda astrild_, 320
_cyanogastra_, 321
_erythronota_, 320
_granatina_, 321

Ethnology, by Professor Rolleston, M.D., F.R.S., 274 _et seq._

_Eugaster loricatus_, 363

_Euphorbia_, sp., 368

Euphorbias, 46, _note_; 58, _note_

_Euplectes capensis_, 330
_oryx_, 320

_Eupodotis cærulescens_, 326
_cristata_, 326

_Eurocephalus anguitimens_, 314

_Eurystomus afer_, 302

_Eusemia adulatrix_, 355
_æmulatrix_, 355
_glossatrix_, 356
_meretrix_, 355
_niveosparsa_, 355
_nugatrix_, 356
_pardalina_, 355

_Evolvulus alsinoides_, 367

_Fadogia Zeyheri_, 367

Fairbairn, Mr. J., 52, 59, 62, 93, 109–113, 150, 162, 168

_Falco biarmicus_, 298
_minor_, 299

Fantail Warbler, Brown, 309
Common, 310
Larger Grey-backed, 309
Le Vaillant’s, 309
Smith’s, 309

Finch, Amadavat, 321
Black-cheeked, 320
Little Barred-breasted, 321
Scutellated, 319
Wax-bill, 320

Fires in the veldt, 54, 193

Fish held in abomination, 111
in the sand at Tati, 29

Flamakinyani, 342

Flies, annoyance from, 35, 38, 230

Flirt, one of Mr. Oates’s pointers, 159

Flower, Professor, measurements of Bushman crania by, 292
reference to, 278, 283, 285, 286

Fly-catcher, Eastern Yellow-eyed, 311
Red-crested, 311
South African Paradise, 311

Francolin, Grey-winged, 323
Natal, 323
Pileated, 323

_Francolinus afer_, 323
_natalensis_, 323
_pileatus_, 333

_Fringillaria capensis_, 322
_flaviventris_, 322

_Fringillidæ_, 320

Fritsch, Dr. Gustav, reference to, 286, 288, 289

Frogs, noise from, at night, 40

_Fulica cristata_, 324

_Gallinula angulata_, 324

Game-drive, Makalaka, 233

Garden, Captain and Mr., 140

_Geigeria Zeyheri_, 367

_Gerbera natalensis_, 367

Geruah, 242, 260

Gilchrist, Mr., journey to Tati and return to England, 3–41
second journey to South Africa, 265–270
visits Mr. Oates’s grave, 269
brings his effects to England, 267

_Gladiolus_, sp., 368
_brevifolius_, 368

_Glareola melanoptera_, 325

_Glareolidæ_, 325

_Glaucidium perlatum_, 300

_Glossina morsitans_, 363

Glossy Thrush, Meves’s, 317
Red-shouldered, 317
Smith’s, 316
Verreaux’s, 316

Goatsucker, nest of, 76

Gokwe River, 25, 28, 219

Goose, Knob-billed, 327

Goshawk, Chanting, 298
Many-banded, 298
Red-faced, 298

_Graculus africanus_, 328

Grapes, wild, 49, 91

_Graphipterus cordiger_, 359
_Westwoodii_, 359

Grass-owl, South African, 300

Grasshoppers, 363

Gratiolet, M. P., reference to, 280

Gray, Mr. Henry, 3–19
death of, at Lake Ngami, 157

Grebe, Little, 328

Greenshanks, 325

Griquas, party of, 235

Grosbeak, Angola, 322
Golden-rumped, 322
Striped-headed, 322

Ground beetles, carnivorous, 358

Gruber, Prof. W., reference to, 280, _note_

Gubuleweyo, 58–62, 89, 92–108, 183–188

Guinea-fowl, tame, story of, 201

Günther, Albert, M.A., Ph.D., M.D., F.R.S., descriptions of two new
species of snakes obtained by Mr. Oates, by, 329

Gwailo River, 72, 75

_Gymnopleurus fulgidus_, 359
_Olivierii_, 359
_speciosus_, 309

_Hæmanthus_, sp., 368

_Halcyon albiventris_, 303
_chelicutensis_, 303
_cyanoleuca_, 303
_semicærulea_, 303

_Hamaticherus denticornis_, 363
_sericeus_, 363

Hamy, Dr. E. T., reference to, 274

Hartmann, Dr. R., quoted, 288
reference to, 287