Chapter VII: Part III: continued (5)

If the prisoner be found to be an idiot, he must be discharged of the indictment, and handed over to safe custody,[95] but if he be only lunatic, then other questions arise; first, whether the prisoner is then in a lucid interval, for if he be not, he should not be arraigned at that time; “but the judge in his discretion may discharge the jury of him, and remit him to gaol to be tried after the recovery of his understanding, especially if any doubt appear upon the evidence touching the guilt of the _fact_, and this _in favorem vitæ_; and if there be no colour of evidence to prove him guilty, or if there be a pregnant evidence to prove his insanity at the time of the fact committed, then upon the same favor of life and liberty it is fit it should be proceeded in the trial in order to his acquittal and enlargement.” _1 H. P. C._ 35.[96]

Secondly, if he be then in a lucid interval, and therefore fit to be tried, whether he was so at the time of the act committed, and this must be tried according to the whole evidence both of the fact and the lunacy, on a plea of not guilty.[97]

For criminal purposes it is not sufficient that a prisoner have been previously found idiot or lunatic, or the contrary, by inquisition in chancery, _1 H. P. C._ _p._ 33, though the circumstance may create a strong presumption. For there may be a partial insanity which may disqualify a man from the management of his estate, and therefore render him a fit subject for the equitable protection, although he may have a perfect sense of right and wrong in criminal matters, and ought therefore to be responsible for his acts. Personal antipathies and fancied injury are constant subjects of limited insanity; but these ought not to excuse murder; for such a doctrine, by removing the restraints of fear, would constantly convert the passions of hatred and revenge, in themselves limited madness, into absolute insanity.

“He that is _non compos mentis_ and _totally_ deprived of all compassings and imaginations, cannot commit high treason by compassing or imagining the death of the king; for _furiosus solo furore punitur_; but it must be an _absolute_ madness, and a total deprivation of memory.” _Coke_, _P. C._ _p._ 3; but in _Beverly’s_ case, _4 Rep._ 124, he says “_Mes in ascun cases non compos mentis poit committe haut treason, comme si il tua, ou offer a tuer le roy_.” “This,” says _Sir Mathew Hale_, “is a safe exception, and I shall not question it, because it tends so much to the safety of the king’s person: but yet the same author (_Coke_ _P. C._ _p._ 6) tells us, that though this was anciently thought to be law, yet it is not so now; for such a person as cannot compass the death of the king by reason of his insanity, cannot be guilty of treason within the statute of _25 Ed._ 3.” Nothing can be more honourable to the independent impartiality of the English law than such an interpretation, amply illustrated in the cases of _Hatfield_ (_27 How. St. Tri._) and others, who had attempted the life of his late Majesty _George_ the 3d; and this more especially, as the king must at all times be more exposed to this species of attack than any other person; for beside the sense of supposed wrong, delay or perversion of justice, exaggerated political feeling,[98] or other causes all pointing the maniac to the same object, there is no madness more frequent than fancied greatness; lunatic asylums are filled with imaginary emperors, kings, princes, and nobles, whose only glimmering of reason is to direct their vengeance against the supposed usurpers of their dignities.

“He who is guilty of any crime whatever through his voluntary drunkenness shall be punished for it as much as if he had been sober.” _1 Hawk. P. C._ 3. “A drunkard,” says _Sir E. Coke_, (_1 Ins._ 247) “who is _voluntarius dæmon_, hath no privilege thereby.” _4 Bl. Com._ 26. But if by continual drunkenness he have become absolutely mad, then the original cause is not referred to, and he may be excused; not so however if there be only a predisposition to temporary madness, and that madness be voluntarily excited by drinking. There are many men, soldiers, who have been severely wounded, in the head especially, who well know that excess makes them mad; but if such persons wilfully deprive themselves of reason, they ought not to be excused one crime by the voluntary perpetration of another.[99]

“He who incites a madman (idiot, infant, or lunatic) to do a murder or other crime, (as to kill himself) is a principal offender, and as much punishable as if he had done it himself.” _1 Hawk. P. C._ _p._ 3 _and_ 118. _1 H. P. C._ 617.

“It seems agreed at this day, that if one, who has committed a capital offence, become _non compos_ before conviction, he shall not be arraigned; and if after conviction, that he shall not be executed.” _1 Hawk. P. C._ 3; _1 H. P. C._ 36. Indeed in the bloody reign of _Henry_ the eighth, a statute was made (_33 H. 8_, _c._ 20) which enacted, that if a person, being _compos mentis_, should commit treason, and after fall into madness, he might be tried in his absence, and should suffer death, as if he were of perfect memory. But this savage and inhuman law was repealed by the _Stat. 1 and 2 P. and M._ _c._ 10. For as is observed by _Sir Ed. Coke_, “the execution of an offender is for example, _ut pœna ad paucos, metus ad omnes perveniat_: but so it is not when a madman is executed; but should be a miserable spectacle, both against law, and of extreme inhumanity and cruelty, and can be no example to others.” _4 Bl. Com._ _p._ 25.

Pregnancy is a good plea in bar of execution; but it does not prevent trial or sentence; in a recent instance, however, when a woman was brought to the bar evidently in labour, she was remanded by the court; and query, whether this discretion ought not to be exercised in all cases of advanced pregnancy; for the agitation of the trial may be of more fatal effect than the judgment of the law, and the unfortunate woman, though acquitted, may perish with her child from the mere effect of mental distraction.

When the plea of pregnancy is made to stay execution “the judge must direct a jury of twelve matrons or discreet women to inquire the fact: and if they bring in their verdict _quick with child_ (for barely _with child_[100] unless it be alive in the womb, is not sufficient) execution shall be stayed generally till the next session: and so from session to session till either she is delivered, or proves by the course of nature not to have been with child at all. But if she once hath the benefit of this reprieve, and has been delivered, and afterwards become pregnant again, she shall not be entitled to the benefit of a further respite from that cause.[101] For she may now be executed before the child is _quick_ in the womb; and shall not, by her own incontinence, evade the sentence of justice.” _4 Bl. Com._ 395; (see also _2 Hawk. P. C._ 658, and authorities there.) But _Sir M. Hale_ says that though she be _quick_ a second time she shall have no respite on that account. _1 P. C._ 369. And yet he afterwards draws a nice distinction _in favorem prolis_, that if the woman were not quick, or with child at all,[102] at the time of the first inquest of the matrons, and afterwards become with child, she shall have her respite; “for the advantage she had at first was not really by reason of pregnancy, but by a mistake of the jury of women.” “And therefore as hath been said, in all cases of reprieves for pregnancy, the judge ought to make a new demand, what the prisoner hath to say wherefore execution should not be awarded.” _Ib._ And so in all cases where any time intervenes between the attainder and the award of execution, for the party may have become insane, or may plead pregnancy, or a pardon, or an act of grace, or diversity of person, that he is not the same that was attainted. _1 Bl. Com._ 396.

This brings us to the last of the pleas which we have proposed to treat upon under this head. The question of Personal Identity may arise in many ways; as whether a child claiming an inheritance is the same that he pretends, or is pretended to be, as in the _Douglas_ or _Anglesea_ causes; (vide ante) whether a prisoner is actually the person who committed a particular offence, when the jury tries the fact and the identity together; and where a prisoner after conviction escapes and is retaken, whether he is the same that was convicted.[103] The former cases we have noticed under the heads of Supposititious Children, vol. i, p. 220, warning our readers not to be too hasty in determining identity upon mere resemblance.[104] And in the last case “a jury shall be impanneled to try the collateral issue, namely, the identity of his person; and not whether guilty or innocent; for that has been decided before. And in these collateral issues the trial shall be _instanter_, and no time allowed the prisoner to make his defence or produce his witnesses, unless he will make oath that he is not the person attainted: (_Fors. C. L._ 41) neither shall any peremptory challenges of the jury be allowed the prisoner; though formerly such challenges were held to be allowable, whenever a man’s life was in question.” _4 Bl. Com._ 396. And query whether this is not the better doctrine; the case of _Mr. Radcliffe_, brother of _Lord Derwentwater_, (_Fors. C. L._ 41) in which the contrary was held, was for high treason shortly after the rebellion of 1745; and as _Sir M. Forster_ says, speaking of _Monmouth’s_ attainder, “that was a time of great heat and violence, and few things then done ought to be drawn into example.” _Ib._ 44. There does not appear to be any good reason why a prisoner should not have all the safeguards on a collateral issue or inquest of office, which are allowed on the main issue; especially when, as in the present instance, his life depends upon the question.

OF PUNISHMENTS.

Punishments may be divided into three classes; capital, when the death of the offender is intended to deter others from similar offence; precautionary, when a noxious individual is removed from general society by imprisonment or transportation; and correctional, when by some pain or penalty inflicted on the individual, he is to be deterred from future crime. Though the subject would admit of much curious detail, our remaining space will not allow us to trace the different modes or modifications of legitimate punishment used in various nations or ages; nor to enter our protest of abhorrence against the many and inhuman tortures which religious fanaticism or political rancour have invented for their antagonists; the only point on which we can physiologically have occasion to observe, as applicable to the capital punishments of the present times, is, that they should be inflicted with as little pain as possible to the criminal, lest compassion for the sufferings of the man, should supersede the salutary horror of his offence; an end which is really, though not apparently, attained in our ordinary mode of execution by hanging; the victim does not suffer, though sometimes his convulsive struggles induce a contrary belief; but the method is defective in one point, it is not calculated to produce a deep impression on the minds of spectators, _Pompa mortis magis terret quam mors ipsa_. The French mode of decapitation, though held in abhorrence from the outrages with which its very name has become associated, is equally humane; an instant terminates the mortal sufferings of the criminal; for this reason it was originally adopted, and when we consider that it superceded the barbarous punishment of breaking on the wheel, previously in use, and the clumsy and uncertain method of decapitation by the sword or axe, we feel ourselves justified, in spite of popular prejudice, in designating the guillotine[105] an invention of humanity.

Decapitation is also a punishment known in the law of England, and as a more dignified and impressive death, is reserved for the execution of nobles, or distinguished commoners, in cases of high treason, the rest of the barbarous sentence (now abolished by act of parliament), and the previous sentence of hanging, being dispensed with by the king’s authority.

The barbarous punishment of burning, formerly part of the law, is no longer in use; Catharine Hayes, to whose case we have alluded (vol. ii, p. 73), was the last who suffered in this manner.

On the subject of imprisonment we have already commented, (vol. ii, p. 112), and from the very general attention now excited, as well by the discovery of abuses, as by an encreasing spirit of humanity, we may expect the best results.

Of punishment, not capital, there are two which require medical consideration; the one is military flogging, the other the novel invention of the tread-mill. On the first of these, we might have had more cause to complain, had the old system of the army been continued; it is however due to the character of the present Commander in Chief to notice, that under his direction the punishment of flogging has been much diminished; regimental courts martial, composed of five officers (possibly _infants_), are now restricted in their sentences to the infliction of three hundred lashes; formerly double the number was deemed a moderate punishment; and there is good reason to believe, that the discipline of a regiment, and the capacity of a commanding officer, is no longer considered in the direct, but on the contrary, in the inverse ratio of the number of lashes inflicted:[106] we need not say that the general state and conduct of troops has proved the policy of the alteration, we have only to hope that the improvement will be extended, and that the English army will not long be subjected to a degrading and barbarous torture, from which less moral men, and much worse soldiers, are exempted in every other service in Europe. It is necessary, however, that till this very desirable reform is effected, some observation should be made on the mode of inflicting this punishment.

It is generally supposed that the surgeon who is present at a military execution, is responsible for its consequences; this is not legally true, and it is physiologically impossible; the punishment is too uncertain in its operation to allow of any medical assistant’s ascertaining the boundaries of danger; moral feeling, age, strength, nervous irritability, climate, previous disease, organic defects, and other circumstances, many of which it would be impossible for the most skilful to detect, and least of all by mere view of the culprit tied up to the halberts, may render a punishment fatal, which had been intended to be lenient. No surgeon therefore can answer, either for the ultimate, or immediate consequences of this species of corporal punishment; he may indeed err on the safe side, by interposing as early as possible,[107] but there is no criterion by which he can be guided in forming an absolute opinion on the danger or safety of the punishment.

But though the surgeon cannot be held criminally responsible (except in cases of gross ignorance or negligence) for the result of such executions, yet, if the commanding officer permits a single lash to be inflicted after the medical attendant has interposed, he would be held guilty of murder should the soldier die from the effects of excessive punishment; for malice will be presumed from such continuance after due notice.[108] In the notorious case of Governor _Wall_, who was executed for the murder of a soldier by excessive and illegal flogging; the punishment was originally unlawful, having been inflicted without sentence of a court martial, the mode of infliction was unusual, and the surgeon was stated to have been so much intimidated, that he was afraid to interfere, (a poor excuse for neglect of professional duty); under these circumstances, the plea that the deceased killed himself by excessive drinking, though the fact was far from improbable under the climate of _Goree_, was unavailable; the illegal flogging was the primary cause of the death, and therefore neither the effect of climate, misconduct, or mismanagement, could remove the original criminality. In this as in several other cases of death from ill-usage, it is a constant but unavailing plea that the deceased died not of the wounds or blows, but of fever, or defective treatment.[109]

On the subject of the tread-mill, we are not enabled to pronounce any very decided opinion, the invention has not been in use long enough to determine with any degree of accuracy its merits or defects; that it is held in considerable dread by offenders is certain, and the fear of returning to it may operate favourably on that class for which it appears best calculated, the regular vagabond; but it does not give any habit of industry, or teach any mode of labour to the merely idle or casually culpable, and therefore ought not to be indiscriminately applied to all cases. The punishment too is one of the most unequal in its operation that can be conceived; a man, who has been accustomed to running up stairs all his life, with good lungs and muscular legs, will scarcely suffer by it; while an asthmatic tailor, weaver, or other sedentary artizan will be half killed by the exercise. For women in certain stages, whether of menstruation or pregnancy, it is a dangerous and indecent torture, one which should immediately be forbidden, if not by the humanity of magistrates, by the wisdom of the legislature.

One very material objection to this machine arises out of the probability of abuse in the places where it is generally erected; an air of mystery has been thrown round houses of correction, which has acquired for some of them the odious name of bastile; even grand juries have been denied admission to them, on the ground that they are the prisons of the magistrates, not of the sheriff; we certainly do not understand either the policy or propriety of this distinction; that they should not be thrown open to the idle or merely curious we are ready to admit, but contend that they should be open to all official inspection; much must in every prison depend on the conduct and discretion of the jailors—to know that he is open to public animadversion is the best security for the due exercise of his office: a contrary assurance is well calculated to produce despotic feeling in ordinary minds; how much more then is it to be guarded against, when persons of the lower class are entrusted with extraordinary power of coercion, and are continually irritated by the refractory conduct of those who are placed under their authority. In such cases constant inspection, at uncertain times, and by _uninterested_ persons, is the best guarantee against abuse.

FINIS.

POSTSCRIPT.

While this work was in the press several circumstances have occurred which it may be necessary to notice; first, as respecting the corporate medical bodies, His Majesty has been pleased to confer additional honors on the President of the College of Physicians, for which see the Preface;—the College itself is about to be removed from their late house in Warwick Lane to a more convenient site among the new buildings of Pall Mall East. A new charter has been granted to the College of Surgeons, but as it is not yet confirmed by Act of Parliament, it does not materially vary the public right of the College, or supply what was wanting in their jurisdiction. The Apothecaries’ Company have very properly exerted their powers under the Act of _55 Geo._ iii, for punishing illegal practice.[110]

The Marriage Act which is incidentally referred to, vol. i, p. 169, is in part repealed by an act of the last session, which in turn is about to be amended or repealed in the present. The _Portsmouth case_, _adhuc sub judice_, affords some curious illustrations on the subjects of impotence and insanity.

The impolitic duty on salt has been lowered to one-seventh of its former amount. An act has been passed to prevent nuisances by gas-water; (_vol._ i, _p._ 339) and another for regulating the sale of Bread; (_vol._ i, _p._ 375) to these we must refer our readers for the modification or correction of our former remarks on the several subjects connected with them.

INDEX OF CASES.

A.

Aland, Sheldon, _v._, 297

Alberton, Rex, _v._, 217

Alder’s case, II. 122

Aldred’s case, 348

Amery and Monk, the King, _v._, 14

Anderson _v._ Edie, 382

Angus, case of Chas., II. 176, 184—III. 69, 96

Annesly causes, II. 220

Annesly _in re_, 298

Aram, case of Eugene, III. 79

Archer’s case, 50

Archer’s case, II. 129

Armstrong _ex parte_, 296

Arnhale, Adam de, case of, II. 136

Arnold, Lodie, _v._, 340

Askew, Rex, _v._, 42, 44

Atkins _v._ Gardener, 29

Attorney General _v._ Doughty, 340, 348

Attorney General _v._ Parnther, 299

Audley’s case, 439

Avison _v._ Lord Kinnaird, 386

B.

Baker, _ex parte_, 298

Baker, Slater, _v._, 80

Barnsley, _ex parte_, 291

Bateman, case of Mary, III. 13

Beddingfield and Ringe, case of, III. 30

Bellingham, case of, III. 139

Beswick _v._ Hall, 353

Berry, Green, and Hill, case of, III. 31

Bevan’s case, II. 472

Beverly’s case, 292

Birch _v._ Holt, 340

Blandy, Miss, case of, 157, 249

Blisset, Dickenson, &, 292

Bloomfield’s case, 434

Blunt, Want, _v._, 385

Bolcot, Chorley, _v._, 78

Boldero, Goodall, &, 382

Bonham _v._ Coll. of Phys., 23

Bourne, Coll. of Phys., _v._, 30

Bowerman, case of Thomas, III. 80

Braddon & Spake, the King, _v._, III. 20

Brain’s case, III. 122

Brazier’s case, 422

Broughton _v._ Randall, 380

Brown’s case, 352

Brown, Cuthbert, _v._, 217

Brownrigg’s case, II. 112

Bugg, Coll. of Phys. _v._, 30

Burns, case of, III. 29

Burton, Hume, _v._, 300

Burwell, Groenvelt, _v._, 38

Bush, Coll. of Phys. _v._, 28, 30

Butler _v._ Coll. of Phys., 20—30—31

Butler, Coll. of Phys. _v._, 31

Butterfield’s case, 303

C.

Castlehaven’s case, 439

Cambridge, V. C. of, the King, _v._, 14

Canning, Elizabeth, case of, 369

Cave’s case, 434

Chester, King _v._ Bishop of, 3

Chester, B. of, Fox, _v._, 387

Chetwynd’s case, II. 2

Chorley _v._ Bolcot, 78

Chumley _ex parte_, 298

Clarke, Rex, _v._, 294

Clinch, case of, III. 144

Cockayne _ex parte_, 298

Codd and Pizzy, case of, III. 91

Coleman, case of, 440—III. 143

College of Physicians _v._ Huybert, 18

College of Physicians, Butler _v._, 20—30—31

College of Physicians, Bonham _v._, 23

College of Physicians _v._ West, 24

College of Physicians, Grenville _v._, 28

College of Physicians _v._ Talbois, 28

College of Physicians _v._ Salmon, 28

College of Physicians _v._ Bush, 28—30

College of Physicians _v._ Tenant, 29

College of Physicians _v._ Needham, 30

College of Physicians _v._ Bugg, 30

College of Physicians _v._ Bourne, 30

College of Physicians _v._ Harder, 30

College of Physicians _v._ Merry, 30

College of Physicians _v._ Stone, 30

College of Physicians, Trigg _v._, 30

College of Physicians _v._ Butler, 31

College of Physicians _v._ Rose, 32

Cowper, case of, II. 38—III. 39

Cooper _v._ Marshall, 340

Copping, Dale, _v._, 79

Cory and Cory, 293

Coalson _v._ White, 340

Cranmer, _ex parte_, 291

Cuthbert _v._ Brown, 217

Cutt’s case, 296

D.

Da Costa, Sylva, _v._, 296

Dale _v._ Copping, 79

Darwin, Rigeway, _v._, 291

Dean, John, case of, III. 132

Deplock, Taylor, _v._, 391

Dey, John, case of, III. 140

Dewal _v._ Saunders, 339

Dickenson _v._ Blisset, 292

Dickson, Margaret, case of, II. 91—III. 85—110

Dikes, _ex parte_, 298

Donnall’s case, II. 157—246—250

Donellan’s case, II. 130—161—402—467.—_Appx._ 243

Dormer’s case, 298

Douglas cause, 220

Doughty, Attorney General, _v._, 340—348

Duchess of Chandos’ case, 295

Duffin’s case, 435

Dwyer and Edie, 382

E.

East, Giles, case of, III. 132

Edie, Anderson _v._, 382

Edie, Dwyer, _v._, 382

Edwards, Shephard, _v._, 78

Ely, Rochfort, _v._, 297

Essex, Countess of, _v._ Earl of, 177—211

Evans and Munroe, the King, _v._, 351

Eyre _v._ Wake, 295

F.

Fenning, Eliza, case of, II. 188—217—250

Ferne, _ex parte_, 297

Ferrand, the King _v._, II. 98

Ferrers, Earl, case of, III. 140

Fish _v._ Palmer, 225

Fitzgerald’s case, 295

Fleming and Windham’s case, 439

Fletcher, Tyrie _v._, 382

Forbes’ case, 420

Forse and Hembling’s case, 294

Fothergill’s case, 50

Fox, _v._ Bishop of Chester, 386

Foxcroft’s case, 217

Francis, case of, III. 51

Francis, Newling, _v._, 14

Fuller, _v._ Prentice, 154

G.

Gardener, Laughton, _v._, 29

Gardener, Atkins, _v._, 29

Godfrey, Sir E. murder of, III. 31

Goodall, _v._ Boldero, 382

Gore, case of Agnes, II. 129

Gould, Regina, _v._, II. 110

Green, Berry, and Hill, case of, III. 31

Gremaire, _v._ Le Clerk, 78

Grenville, _v._ College of Physicians, 28

Greenwood’s case, 302

Grimstone, _ex parte_, 296

Groenvelt, _v._ Burwell, 38

H.

Hadfield’s case, 299—III. 139

Hall and Warren, 293—299

Hall, _ex parte_, 296

Hamerton, Roebuck, _v._, 229

Harder, College of Physicians, _v._, 30

Harmwood’s case, 434

Harris, King, _v._, 131

Harrison, Rex, _v._, II. 94

Hastings, _ex parte_, 298

Hayes, case of Catharine, III. 73

Hayes, _v._ Jaques, 229

Hembling, Forse &, 294

Herbert, Taynham, _v._, 340

Hill’s case, 434

Hill, Beswick, _v._, 353

Hill, Green, and Berry, case of, III. 31

Holmes, Lipscombe, _v._, 78

Holt, Birch, _v._, 340

Holyland’s, _ex parte_, 300

Hope’s case, II. 472

Huggins, Rex, _v._, II. 113

Hughes, Middleton, _v._, 17

Hume, _v._ Barton, 300

J.

James, Col. case of, 389

Jaques, Hayes, _v._, 229

Johnson, Bowles, _v._, 154

Jones, _v._ Powell, 341

Jones, Tenant, _v._, 351

K.

King, the, _v._ Amery and Monk, 14

King, the, _v._ Bishop of Chester, 3

King, the, _v._ Miller, 14

King, the, _v._ Vice Chancellor of Cambridge, 14

King, the, _v._ Askew, 42—44

King, the, _v._ College of Surgeons, 57

King, the, _v._ Pond, 72

King, the, _v._ Taunton, 86

King, the, _v._ Lynn, 100

King, the, _v._ Harris, 131

King, the, _v._ Munro and Evans, 351

King, the, _v._ Ferrand, II. 98

King, the, _v._ Phillips, III. 56

King, the, _v._ Bradden and Spake, III. 20

Kingston, Duchess of, 160

Kinnaird, Avison, _v._, 386

L.

Lady Marr’s case, 295

Lady Annadale’s case, 295

Lady Cope’s case, 298

Lambe’s case, 439

Laughton, _v._ Gardener, 29

Law, Sharp, _v._, 54

Le Clerc, Lemaire, _v._, 78

Letch’s case, 42

Levet’s case, 28

Lipscombe, _v._ Holmes, 78

Littleton, _ex parte_, 294

Lockyer, _v._ Offley, 386

Lodie, _v._ Arnold, 340

Lord Donegall’s case, 290

Lord Wenman’s case, 296

Lord Audley’s case, 439

Ludlow, _ex parte_, 298

Lund, _ex parte_, 296

Lynn, the King, _v._, 100

M.

Mac Donald, Rex, _v._, 353

Macley, case of, III. 144

Maclin’s case, III. 51

Mac Quirk, case of, III. 151

Mainwaring, Watson, _v._, 385

March, Elizabeth, case of, III. 132

Marshall, Cooper, _v._, 340

Mason and Mason, 391

Merry, College of Physicians, _v._, 30

Middleton, _v._ Hughes, 17

Mildmay, _ex parte_, 298

Mills, Mary, case of, 306

Mordaunt, Welborn, _v._, 353

Morley, _v._ Pragnal, 346

Munroe and Evans, King, _v._, 351

N.

Nairne and Ogilvie’s case, II. 184—185

Neal’s case, 298

Neale, _v._ Pettigrew, 80

Needham, College of Physicians, _v._, 30

Newling, _v._ Francis, 14

Nicholson, case of, III. 140

O.

Offley, Lockyer, _v._, 386

Ogilvie and Nairne’s case, II. 184—185

Ogle, _ex parte_, 295

Olive, Severn, _v._, 157—159

P

Palmer _v._ Poultney, 340

Palmer, Fish, _v._, 225

Parnther, Attorney-General, _v._, 299

Perreaus, case of the, III. 144

Pettigrew, Neale, _v._, 81

Phillips, the King, _v._, III. 86

Phrazier, Prodgers, &, 290

Pitt’s case, 297

Pizzy and Codd, case of, III. 91

Pond, the King, _v._, 72

Poole, Willis, _v._, 384

Poultney, Palmer, _v._, 340

Powel, Jones, _v._, 341

Powel’s case, 422

Pragnal, Morley, _v._, 346

Prentice, Fuller, _v._, 154

Prentice, Seare, _v._, 81

Prior, Rosewell, _v._, 340—354

Prodgers and Phrazier, 290

Q

Quain’s case, II. 123

R

Radcliffe, case of, III. 145

Randall, Broughton, _v._, 390

Ranket’s case, 344

Redman, Joseph, case of, III. 143

Regina _v._ Wigg, 337

Regina _v._ Gould, II. 110

Rex _v._ Alberton, 217

Rex _v._ Harrison, II. 94

Rex _v._ E. Ridley, II. 110

Rex _v._ Clarke, 294

Rex _v._ Rosewell, 340

Rex _v._ Travers, 422

Rex _v._ Mac Donald, 353

Rex _v._ White and Ward, 343—348

Rex _v._ Roupel, 350

Rex _v._ et Regina _v._ Wilcox, 339—341

Ridley, E. Rex, _v._, II. 110

Rigeway & Darwin, 291

Ringe and Beddingfield, case of, III. 30

Roberts, _ex parte_, 296

Roebuck _v._ Hamerton, 229

Rochfort & Ely, 297

Rosewell, Rex, _v._, 340

Rosewell _v._ Prior, 340—354

Rose, College of Physicians, _v._, 32

Roupel, Rex, _v._, 350

Russen’s case, 420—428

S

Salmon, College of Physicians, _v._, 28

Saunder’s case, II. 129

Saunders, Dewal, &, 339

Scawen’s case, II. 468

Schomberg’s case, 12

Scorey’s case, II. 99

Seare _v._ Prentice, 80

Self’s case, II. 110

Sergison _v._ Sergison, 221

Severn _v._ Olive, 157—159

Sharpe _v._ Law, 54

Shelden _v._ Aland, 297

Shepherd _v._ Edwards, 78

Sheridan’s case, 434

Slater _v._ Baker and Stapleton, 80

Smithson’s case, 297

Southcote, _ex parte_, 295

Spake and Braddon, the King, _v._, III. 20

Stapleton, Slater, _v._, 80

Stainsforth, Tarleton, _v._, 385

Stansfield, case of, II. 38—III. 39

Stanwix, General, case of, 388

Stone, College of Physicians, _v._, 30

Stone’s case, 297

Street _v._ Tugwell, 348

Sylva _v._ Da Costa, 296

T

Talbois, College of Physicians, _v._, 28—30

Tarleton _v._ Stainsforth, 385

Taunton, the King, _v._, 86

Taylor _v._ Deplock, 391

Tenant, College of Physicians, _v._, 30

Tenant, Jones, _v._, 351

Teynham _v._ Herbert, 340

Thornton, Abraham, case of, 417—421—436—III. 35—37

Tinckler, case of Margaret, III. 72

Travers, Rex, _v._, 422

Trigg _v._ College of Physicians, 30

Tugwell, Street, _v._, 348

Tyrie _v._ Fletcher, 382

V

Vaux’s case, II. 129—130—467

W

Wake, Eyre, _v._, 295

Walborough, Alice de, case of, III. 132

Want _v._ Blunt, 385

Ward, White &, Rex _v._, 343—348

Ward, _ex parte_, 295—297

Warren, Hall _v._, 293—299

Warren, _ex parte_, 298

Wilson _v._ Mainwaring, 385

Weir, Thomas and Jane, case of, 421

Westborn _v._ Mordaunt, 353

Weston’s case, II. 130

West, College of Physicians, _v._, 24

West, Style _v._, 171

White _v._ Wilson, 293—300

White and Ward, Rex _v._, 343—348

White, Coulson, _v._, 340

Whiting’s case, II. 197

Wigg, Regina, _v._, 337

Willis _v._ Poole, 384

Wilcox, Rex et Regina, _v._, 339

Wilson, White _v._, 293—300

Windham and Heming’s case, 439

Wragg, _ex parte_, 297

X

Xaris Storeghtor’s case, 297

Y

York, William, case of, III. 133

INDEX.

ABATEMENT of nuisances, 333—339—340

ABDOMEN, examination of the, III. 60

ABORTION, II. 379—III. 84
causes of, 269
physiological illustrations of, III. 93

ABSORPTION of mineral poison, II. 187
poison, acting by, II. 208
of arsenic, II. 192—220

ACCESS, when presumed, 217

ACCIDENTAL homicide, II. 466

ACETOMETER, 377

ACIDS, concentrated, poisons, II. 202—207—301

ACID, nitric, death by, II. 147—202—305
sulphuric, II. 202—302
muriatic, II. 202—313
phosphoric, II. 202
arsenious and arsenic, II. 211
oxalic, II. 315
prussic, II. 396
manufactories, nuisances by, 337—343

ACONITE, II. 138—159—203—207—379
poisoning by, II. 380

ACRID poisons, II. 202—207

ACTIONS for nuisances, 340—353
for unlicenced practice, 28
by medical practitioners, 77
for mala praxis, 80

ADIPOCIRE, formation of, 96—III. 25

ADOLESCENCE, 185

ADULTERATIONS of food, 374
of bread, 375
of beer, 377
of milk, 378
of medicines, 380

AERIAL poisons, II. 456

AFFIRMATION of Quakers, 167

AFFUSION, cold, use of, II. 391
warm, II. 393

AGARICUS Muscarius, II. 427
intoxication by, _ib._

AGES, 179

AGE, of consent, 168—170
of puberty, 170—179—185
old, 179
no bar to marriage, 172
children of, 175
determination of, 382
of deceased persons, enquiries respecting, III. 8—22
of criminal responsibility, III. 131

AGUE, jumping, 362

AIR, deprived of oxygen, effects of, II. 48
consumption of, encreased by muscular action, II. 54
hindering the circulation of, 348
tainting, 330—350
revival by fresh, II. 4
its influence on contagion, 120—126

ALBUMEN, an antidote to sublimate, II. 264

ALCHEMISTS, 2

ALCOHOL, poison by, II. 203—207—433—436
physiological action of, II. 437

ALIEN, cannot be a Fellow of the College of Physicians, 15

ALKALIES, caustic, poisons, II. 202—207—218

ALKALINE earths, poisons, II. 202—325

ALMONDS, essential oil of, II. 207—396—402—405
effect of oil and albumen on, II. 404
analysis of, II. 405

ALVINE concretions, supposed or feigned, 367

AMENORRHŒA, 235

AMENTIA acquisita, 310

AMMONIA, II. 323
a poison, II. 202
use of, in detecting arsenic, II. 241—244
effect of, on sublimate, II. 271
on copper, II. 281—287—293
test of, II. 324
poisoning by, II. 324

AMMONIURET of silver, a test for arsenic, II. 244
of copper, II. 245

ANAPHRODISIACS, 209

ANATOMY, bodies for, 21

ANDILUVIAN fever, 120

ANIMAL putrefaction, effects of, 123—126—II. 443
a source of nuisance, 332

ANIMAL poisons, II. 440

ANIMALS, experiments on, not always conclusive, II. 198
see _Appendix_, 272

ANIMATION, suspended, II. 9

ANTIDOTES for arsenic, —
sublimate, II. 263
antimony, II. 281
nitrate of silver, II. 300
sulphuric acid, II. 304
oxalic acid, II. 316
potass, II. 323
baryta, II. 328
hellebore, II. 374
prussic acid, II. 406
mushrooms, II. 433

ANTIMONY, II. 141—201
tartarized, effect on sublimate, II. 274
generally, II. 277
tartarized, II. 279
poisoning by, II. 208
antidotes of, II. 281
physiological action of, II. 282
dissection after, II. 283
tests for, II. 284—285

APHRODISIACS, 209

APOPLEXY, death by, II. 22—24—43
produced by poison, III. 14—17
by compression, III. 23

APOPLECTIC conformation, III. 22

APOTHECARY’S wares, search of, 18—20

APOTHECARY, practice by, 32—37

APOTHECARIES, Society of, 59
their charter, 59
their powers, 60
actions against, 68
malpractice by, 64
court of examination of, 65
who may practice as, 66
or, as assistants, 66
examiners in the country, 66
practicing without certificate, 67

AQUA FORTIS, death by, II. 147

AQUA Tophana, II. 135—141

ARCHBISHOP of Canterbury, licence of, 13—48

ARMS, bearing, 73

ARSENIC, sale of, should be regulated, 140
generally, II. 141—148—207—210
properties of, II. 211
metallic, not poisonous, II. 212
garlic smell of, II. 234
whitens copper, II. 236
imperfect tests of, II. 235—237
poisoning by, confounded with cholera
morbus, II. 156—160—219
putrefaction after, II. 183—229
case of Mitchel, II. 187
absorption of, II. 192
and its compounds, II. 201
poisoning _per vaginum_ by, II. 221
case of accidental poisoning by, III. 9
_See_ cases of _Turner_, _Mitchel_, _Blandy_, _Overbury_,
_Donnell_, _Ogilvie_, & _Nairne_.

ARSENIC acid and its salts, II. 256
effect of tests on, II. 257
sulphurets of, II. 257
tests of, II. 258

ARSENIATES, distinguished from Phosphates, II. 242—245—248

ARSENIOUS acid, or white oxide, II. 212
properties of, II. 213
vapour of, inodorous, II. 213—235
poisoning by, degrees of, II. 216
poisoning by, symptoms of, II. 157—216
poisoning by, lowest degree of, II. 216
second degree of, II. 217
third degree of, II. 218
modes of poisoning by, II. 220—221
death by external application of, II. 220
experiments on external application of, II. 221
internal use of, _ib._
physiological action of, II. 223
dissection of bodies poisoned by, II. 225
disease induced by, II. 229
state of the blood produced by, _ib._
introduced _post mortem_, II. 230
redness of the stomach not a certain proof of, II. 230
chemical tests of, II. 232
solid, how detected, II. 232
how reduced to metal, II. 233
different modes of detecting, II. 234—240
metalized by charcoal, II. 238
by lime, _ib._
effect of nitre on, II. 239
nitrate of silver, II. 239—240
muriates on, II. 242
ammoniuret of silver, II. 244
sulphate of copper, II. 245
ammoniuret of copper, _ib._
sulphuretted hydrogen, II. 248
lime water, II. 249
tests of, errors respecting, II. 246—249
adulterations of, II. 243—249
does not blacken steel, II. 250
does not prevent dough from rising, _ib._
examination of when mixed with food, II. 252
when absorbed by the stomach, II. 254
effect of iodine on, II. 272

ARSENICAL vapour, effects of, 339

ARSON (see Combustion), 402

ASSISTANT, Surgeon liable for the _mala praxis_ of his, 81

ASTHMA, extraordinary treatment of, II. 200

ASPHYXIA, II. 35
of privies, II. 49
treatment of, II. 75—84

ASPHYXIA, idiopathica, II. 30

ASTRINGENT poisons, II. 202

ATROPIA, II. 411

B

BARYTA, II. 202—327
poisoning by, _ib._
muriate of, _ib._—207
physiological action of, II. 328
antidotes to, _ib._
tests of, II. 329

BELLADONNA, II. 203—410
poisoning by, II. 411
physiological action of, II. 412
detection of, II. 413

BATEMAN, Mary, case of, II. 269

BEER, adulterations of, II. 377

BELLAND, or Derbyshire colic, II. 355

BILE acrid, may poison, II. 158—196

BILLS of health, 127
of mortality, 143

BIRTH, legal time of, 248
in France, _ib._

BISHOP of London, licences of, 12

BITES of venomous animals, II. 440

BITTER almonds (_see_ almonds), —

BLACK Assize at Oxford, 125

BLANDY, Mr. case of, II. 218—227—249

BLANE, Sir G. on fevers, 117

BLEEDING, danger of, during pregnancy, III. 95

BLINDNESS, feigned, 358—371

BLOOD, circulation of, discovered, 9
quality of, to support life, II. 19
black, its effects on the brain, II. 32—36—37
state of, in bodies frozen, II. 62
vomiting of, feigned, 365
extraordinary marks of, III. 33

BLOWS, murder by, II. 116—122

BODIES, combustion of human, 412—415

BODY found in the water, examination of, III. 32—62

BONES, examination of, III. 73
of animals, mistakes of, III. 82

BOTANIC Garden, 69

BOUGHTON, case of Sir Theodosius, II. 401

BRAIN, examination of, in cases of insanity, 327
injuries of, II. 23
functions of the, II. 18—20
action of opium on, II. 389
dissection of the, III. 46

BREAD, adulterations of, 375
kinds of, 375

BREWERIES, when nuisances, 333—341

BRINVILLIER, poisons of, II. 135

BRISTOL Infirmary, 126

BRITANICUS, death of, II. 134

BROTHEL, death in a, II. 44

BRUISES, II. 121

BRYONY, II. 203—207

BUILDING, excessive, 349

BULAM Fever, 117

BULLET, murder discovered by examination of, III. 39

BURIAL in cities, 92
at Paris, 95
not to be hindered, 100
nor disturbed, 100
premature, II. 5
of suicides, II. 108

BURNING, (see Combustion), 402

BURNS, Margaret, case of, 254—II. 176

BYE-LAWS, powers of making, &c., 22
of College of Physicians, 47—50—51
of College of Surgeons, 57

C.

CÆSARIAN operation, 226—274
curious case of, 276

CAIUS, Dr. John, 7

CALCUTTA, black hole of, II. 50

CALOMEL, sublimate converted into, II. 274

CAMBRIDGE, degrees at, 3—17

CAMBOGE, _see_ Gamboge, II. 371

CAMPHOR, II. 203—207

CANDIDATES, Inceptor, 52

CANTHARIDES, II. 142—202—207—330
poisoning by, II. 331
mode of detecting, II. 332

CARBONIC acid gas, effects of, II. 49—III. 24—37
given out by plants, _ib._

CARBURETTED hydrogen gas, II. 464

CARDAMOMS, tincture of, produces a red colour in the stomach, II. 23

CARNAL knowledge (_see_ Rape), 427—433

CASTRATION, 200—433

CATAMENIA, _see_ Menses.

CAUSTIC alkalies, II. 318
alkaline earths, II. 325
lunar, II. 299
_see_ Silver.

CENSORS to be elected, 16
their powers, 16—18—24—27—38
their search, 20
provincial proposed, 139

CERTIFICATES of apothecaries, 66
annual list of, 67

CERTIORARI, writ of, 44

CERUSSE, dangerous use of, II. 351—360

CHAMBRE ardente, II. 136

CHAMPIGNONS, II. 426

CHANCELLOR, his jurisdiction over idiots and lunatics, 291
though no commission found, 294

CHARTERS of College of Physicians, 14—21
abstract of, 15
of College of Surgeons, 55—57
of Society of Apothecaries, 59

CHILD, signs that a woman has borne a, 256

CHARCOAL, fumes of, III. 36

CHERRY laurel-water, II. 400
dangerous use of, II. 402

CHILD-BEARING, 172—256
earliest and latest periods of, 256
premature, 257
protracted, 258
_see_ Parturition.

CHILDREN, legitimacy of, 216—246
legitimation of, 218
supposititious, 219
identity of, 222
greatest number at a birth, 259

CHLORINE, II. 464
proposed use of, II. 253—272

CHOLERA, II. 155
spontanea, II. 156
accidentalis, II. 156—160
treatment of, II. 160

CHROMATE of potass, II. 243

CHURCHES, burial in, 92

CHURCH-YARDS overcharged, 93—96
exhumations in, 95
of Paris, 95
Dublin, 93
St. Margaret, 93
Dunkirk, 95
St. Denis, 97
St. Benoit, 97

CICUTA, II. 138

CITIES, cleanliness in, 91

CLASSIFICATION of poisons, II. 199
table, II. 207

CLEANLINESS in cities, 91—123

CLERKS, parish, corporation of, 144

CLIMACTERIC, grand, 182
disease, 193

CLITORIS, 207
enlarged, 286—288

CLOATHS, infected, should be burnt, 142

COCULUS Indicus, II. 203—207—423
effect of, on fish, II. 424

COFFINS, iron, 99

COLD, death by exposure to, II. 13—16—59
cases of, II. 60
effects of, II. 61
on the blood, II. 62
affusion, use of, II. 391
death of, infant by, III. 128

COLIC of Poitou, or saturnine, II. 340—344—346—358
Devonshire, _ib._
Derbyshire, II. 355
miners, _ib._
painters, _ib._

COLLEGE of Physicians, _see_ Physicians.
of Surgeons, 54
its charters, 55—57
its powers, 56
its by-laws, 57

COLOCYNTH, II. 207—377
poisoning by, _ib._

COMBUSTION spontaneous, 402
of hay, 404
by friction, 403
by fermentation, 403—404
by chemical action, 403—406
turf, flax, hemp, rags, oatmeal, 404
bran, 405
of animal matter, 405
woollen stuffs, 406
by fixed oils, 110—406
cases of, 404—405—406—407
of cere cloth, 409
lamp black, 410
by black wad, _ib._
mineral acids, 411
pyrites, _ib._
quicklime, _ib._
spontaneous of human bodies, 412
authorities on, _ib._
cases of, 413—415

COMMISSIONERS of lunatics, 296

COMMISSION of lunacy, 295
misconduct of, 294—296
supercedeas of, 299

COMPOS or non-compos, 290

CONCEPTION, _see_ Impregnation.
phenomena of, 230
false, 254
extra-uterine, 281

CONSANGUINITY, a bar to marriage, 168
physiological reason, _ib._

CONSENT, age of, 168—170
not necessary to impregnation, 436

CONSTABLE, physicians exempt from being, 18
when medical practitioners are exempt, and when not, 72

CONTAGION in factories, 90
from dead bodies, 95
questions on, 114

CONTAGIOUS diseases, 105

CONTUSIONS, II. 121

COPPER, action of, on the stomach, II. 144
and its compounds, II. 202
whitened by arsenic, II. 236
sulphate of, test for arsenic, II. 245
ammoniuret of, II. _ib._
whitened by sublimate, II. 272
generally, II. 285
solubility of, II. 286
culinary precautions on, II. 287—288
oxide of, II. 287
effect of ammonia on, II. 287—293
oxidation and solution of, by oils, II. 287
green carbonate of (verdigris), II. 288
dangerous use of, II. 289
vessels should be tinned, II. 290
sulphate of, II. 291
poisoning by salts of, II. 291
dissection after, II. _ib._
tests of, II. 292
effect of iron on, II. 293
subcarbonate of potass, _ib._
arseniate of potass, _ib._
triple prusiate of potass, effect of on, II. 294
mode of detecting, _ib._
works, when nuisances, 339—347
importance of, 342

CORONER’s inquest, II. 93—112
how to be held, II. 94
return of, II. 97
must be on view, II. 98
may be quashed, II. 98—101
may be traversed, II. 107
_see_ Suicide.

CORONER how to be elected, II. 93
notice of sudden death to be given to, II. 97
may be discharged or removed, II. 101

CORPORA lutea, III. 70

CORROSIVE poisons, II. 154—200—201—207
sublimate, II. 141
_see_ Sublimate.

COSTS of experiments, disallowed, 157

COUP de Soleil, II. 63

COURTESEY, tenant to the, 223
effect of cæsarian operation, 226

CRIMINAL responsibility, III. 131

CRANIUM of infant, examination of, III. 121

CROTON tiglium, II. 203—207

CULINARY poisons, III. 11

CUMMIN, supposed property of, 364

CUTS, II. 119

CYDER, danger of lead in, II. 340

CYMBALARIA, II. 142

D.

DANGEROUS drugs, sale of, 140

DATURA, questions on the herb, II. 138

DEAD body, examination of, III. 18

DEAD, burial of the, 92
disposal of by various nations, 92—94
decomposition of the, 98

DEATH, real and apparent, II. 3
signs of real, II. 3—11—14
apparent after parturition, II. 5
cases of, II. 4—10
causes and phenomena of, II. 16
sudden, II. 16—97
by arsenic, II. 16
cold, II. 13—16
lightning, II. 16—63
apoplexy, II. 22
grief, II. 26—29—30—110
excessive joy, II. 28
fear, II. 29—110
suffocation, II. 32
drowning, II. 35
hanging, II. 42
injury of the nerves, II. 44
manual strangulation, II. 46
smothering, II. 48
noxious air, II. _ib._
cold, II. 59
heat, II. 63
starvation, II. 67—110
wounds, II. 116
blows, II. _ib._
intoxication, II. 437
maggots, II. 453
chlorine, II. 465
_mala praxis_, II. 467
sudden, appearance of the stomach after, II. 174

DEAF and dumb, 171—292

DEAFNESS, feigned, 370

DECLARATIONS of dying men, 165—167—III. 6

DECOMPOSITION of dead bodies, 98

DECREPITUDE, 195

DEGENERATION by intermarriage, 168

DEGREES at Oxford and Cambridge, 3
Dublin, _ib._

DELIRIUM, 300

DELIVERY, recent, proof of, 222—242—249
_see_ Parturition.
pretended, cases of, 249
instrumental, 274

DELUSIONS, III. 7

DETECTION of opium, II. 394
belladonna, II. 413

DEODAND, II. 99

D’EON, Chevalier, 228

DIAMOND dust, II. 145

DIGITALIS, II. 148

DISEASES, feigned, 355
contagious, 105—II. 113
epidemic, 104—107
pestilential, 104
endemic, 106
hereditary, 173—324

DISEASED flesh, II. 444—447

DISLOCATION of cervical vertebræ, III. 52

DISORDERS, _see_ Disease.

DISSECTION of criminals, 12
necessary skill in, II. 163
in cases of insanity, 327—II. 104
of body poisoned by arsenic, II. 225
sublimate, II. 226
tartar emetic, II. 283
copper, II. 291
sulphate of zinc, II. 298
sulphuric acid, II. 304
nitric acid, II. 309
potass, II. 323
soda, II. _ib._
lime, II. 326
cantharides, II. 332
lead, II. 357
nitre, II. 382
opium, II. 393
prussic acid, II. 407
belladonna, II. 412
mushrooms, II. 233
danger of punctures during, II. 448
of the stomach, by Mr. Burns, II. 168
by Dr. Haviland, II. 169
of Margaret Burns, II. 178
of William Mitchell, II. 190
anatomical, instructions for, III. 45
of the brain and its membranes, III. 46
of the thorax, III. 52
of the abdomen, III. 60
of the uterus, III. 67
of the vagina, III. 72
of infants, III. 107

DIVING, II. 33

DIVORCE, 176
propter impotentiam, 177

DOGS meat, poison of, II. 446

DONELLAN, case of, II. 401

DORCHESTER, Marquis of, 10

DOUGH, arsenic does not prevent its rising, II. 250
corrosive sublimate does, II. 250—265

DOWNING, Mrs. case of, II. 241

DROPSY, feigned, 364

DROWNING, II. 35—III. 21—39
death, how produced by, _ib._
signs of death by, II. 37—89
resuscitation after, II. 38—76

DROWNED bodies, buoyancy of, II. 40

DRUGS, search of, 20—63—68—138
poisonous, sale of, 139

DRUNKENNESS, does not excuse, III. 138

DRY-GRINDERS, guard for, II. 457

DUBLIN, Trinity College, degree at, 3

DUEL, surgeon attending, 167

DUMBNESS, feigned, 370

DURESS, murder by, II. 112

DYSENTERY, decline of, 88

E

EARTHS, caustic alkaline, II. 325

EFFLUVIA, putrefactive, 95
contagious, 106

ELATIN, II. 376

ELATERIUM, II. 207—375

ELECTRICITY, death by, II. 63
use of, II. 82

ELECTIONS, how regulated, 41
of Censors, 46

EMBRYULCIA, 279

EMETIC tartar, II. 207

EMISSIO seminis, 203
in cases of rape, 427—433
how to be proved, 434

ENAMEL powder, II. 334

ENDEMIC, distinction of, 106
fever, remarkable, 119

EPIDEMIC, distinction of, 104—107

EPILEPSY, 172—329—III. 21
feigned, 356—361

ERGOT, or spurred rye, II. 204

ESCAPE of persons committed by Censors, 20

ESSEX, case of the Earl of, III. 20—32

EUNUCH, can commit a rape, 433

EUPHORBIUM, II. 111—203—207—377

EVIDENCE, medical, 153—399
mode of giving, 163
in cases of Rape, 421
in cases of Poisoning, II. 153

EXECUTION, pleas in bar of, III. 131
_See_ witness.

EXAMINATION of body found dead, III. 18
of the skeleton, III. 73

EXEMPTIONS of physicians, 16—72
of surgeons, 72
of apothecaries, 72

EXPERIMENTS, cost of, disallowed, 157

EXPULSION, power of, 41

EXTRA-uterine conception, 281

EYE, orbit of the, dangerous wounds of, III. 51

F

FAINTING, II. 25
_See_ Syncope.

FACTORIES, diseases in, 89

FŒTUS, extra-uterine, 282
extraordinary defects in, II. 20

FALLOPIAN tubes, imperfect, 214

FANATICISM, prevalent cause of insanity, 314—363

FASTING pretended, 368

FATIGUE, effects of, 126

FEAR, no legal ground of nuisance, sed. qy., 351
death by, II. 29

FECUNDITY, premature, 257
protracted, 258
multeparous, 258—259

FEES, physicians, cannot be recovered at law, 77

FELLOW of College of Physicians must generally be a graduate of Oxford
or Cambridge, 3
who may be, 42
who may not, 15
who is, 46

FERMENTATION, nuisances by, 330

FEVER, yellow, 109—116—135
generation of, 115
Bulam, 117
Sir G. Blane on, 117
pestilential, 117
sporadic 118
malignant, 117
epidemic, 119
Andalusian or Gibraltar, 120
in Cork, 124
in Jails, 124
in Dublin, 126
feigned, 364

FILTH, whether capable of producing contagion, 122—126

FINES, grant of, to College of Physicians, 22
how to be levied, 24

FIRE, nuisances by action of, 331

FISH, poisonous, II. 449

FLAX, steeping, a nuisance, 332

FLESH, diseased, II. 444—447

FLEXIBILITY of body apparently dead, II. 14

FLOGGING, military, III. 147

FLUX, black, chemical use of, II. 233

FŒTUS, skeleton of the, III. 75
weight of the, III. 101
length of the, III. 101
appearances of, III. 101

FOMITES, 106

FOOD, adulterations of, 74

FOOTSTEPS, importance of tracing, III. 37

FORAMINA, examination of, III. 79
natural, extraordinary case of, III. 80

FOXGLOVE, II. 203

FRACTURE of the skull, examination of, III. 46

FROTH or foam, appearance of, III. 21

FUMIGATION should be enforced, 142

FUNGI, poisonous, II. 425

G

GALVANISM, II. 82

GAMBOGE, II. 203—207—371

GAOL fever, II. 115
_See_ Jail.
infectious diseases in, II. 113—115

GAOLER, to receive persons committed by the College of Physicians,
20—26

GAS, nuisances by, 331
diminution of, 339

GASES, noxious, II. 48

GASTRIC juice, effects of, II. 164—168—171
appearance of solutions by, II. 175
perforations, II. 164—III. 64

GENITALS, examination of the, III. 72

GESTATION, usual period of, 218—230
shortest period, 241
longest period, 242
authorities on, 247

GLASS powdered, II. 146—334

GODFREY, Sir Edmonsbury, II. 95

GOULARD’S extract, II. 350

GRAVES, depth of, 93—98

GRAVEL, feigned, 366

GRIEF, excessive, death by, II. 26—28—30—110

GUNPOWDER, not to be kept in large quantities, 352

GUNSHOT wounds, II. 124
course of, _ib._

H

HABEAS Corpus to bring up a lunatic, 294

HÆMOPTHYSIS, feigned, 365

HAIR, chopped, II. 334

HANGING, death by, II. 42
whether induced by apoplexy, II. 43
signs of death, produced by, II. 45
recovering after, 89
death by, III. 42
accidental, III. 43
murder by, III. 44

HARGRAVE, Francis, his note on the legitimate period of gestation, 218

HARVEY, Dr. William, 8

HEAD, injuries of, 326—II. 25
policy of preserving, III. 73

HEALTH, preservation of the public, 85
in Ireland, 85

HEART, functions of the, II. 17
rupture of, II. 26
_See_ Syncope.
morbid structure of, II. 30
examination of the, III. 56
ruptured, III. 60
of infant, examination of the, III. 119

HEAT, death by, II. 63
application of, II. 81

HELLEBORE, II. 203—207
white, II. 372
poisoning by, II. 373
antidote to, II. 374
black, II. 374
fœtid, II. 375

HEMLOCK, II. 148—203—207—420
water, II. 421

HENBANE, II. 207
black, II. 395

HEREDITARY madness, 325

HERMAPHRODITES, 207—228—283
non-existence of, 284—288
supposed cases of, 285—288

HERNIA feigned, 373

HOMICIDE generally, II. 1
by misadventure, II. 466

HOMO diluvii testis, detected, III. 83

HORN manufactories, a source of nuisance, 338

HOSPITALS, ventilation of, 126
not nuisances, 351

HUMANE Society, system of, II. 77

HUNTERIAN Museum, 58

HYDROGEN, sulphuretted, II. 49

HYDRO-cyanic acid, II. 396
_see_ prussic acid.

HYDROMETER, 377

HYDROSTATIC test of infanticide, III. 109
Dr. Hutchinson’s mode, III. 111
test, objections to, III. 113

HYDROPHOBIA, suggestion on, II. 446

HYMEN, 203
imperforate, 207
as a proof of virginity, 428
authorities on, 430

HYPOCONDRIASIS, 320

HYSSOP, hedge, II. 207

HYSTERIA, feigned, 362

I

IDENTITY of children, 219
how to be proved, 222
mistakes as to, 440—III. 8—142
non, plea of, III. 131

IDIOT, cannot marry, 171

IDIOTS, 289—290

IDIOTCY, medically considered, 308
congenital, 308
general symptoms of, 309
in criminal cases, III. 131

ILLUSION, mental, 301

IMPOTENCE, 176—197
mental, 177—210
corporeal, 197
absolute or relative, 197—215—217
temporary or permanent, _ib._
organic, 197
by phymosis, 204
in females, 206
by adhesion, _ib._
by irritability, 208
functional, 208
by epilepsy, 209

IMPOSITIONS, 355

IMPREGNATION, 203—III. 71
sine penetratione, 203
per urethram, 204
experiments on, 268
consent not necessary to, 436

IMPRISON, power of Censors to, 24

IMPRISONMENT, murder by excessive, II. 112

INCISED wounds, II. 119

INDICTMENT for nuisances, 334—350

INFANT, violation of, 419
_See_ Rape.
dead body of, how to be examined, III. 99
whether born alive, III. 100
dissection of, III. 107
death of, whether natural, III. 122
criminals, III. 131

INFANCY, 188

INFANTICIDE, 249—258—III. 84
physiological illustrations of, III. 98

INFECTION, distinction of, 105
increasing danger of, a nuisance, 352

INJUNCTION, against nuisances, 340

INQUEST, Coroners, II. 93—112
_See_ Coroner.
by Justices of the Peace, II. 98—107

INQUISITION of lunacy, 295
in England does not bind land in Ireland, 295

INQUIRY, medical, synopsis of, III. 1
as to bodily health, III. 8
age and occupation, _ib._
present symptoms, _ib._
meals last taken, III. 9
stools and vomitings, III. 11—13
remedies used, III. 12
paroxysm of passion, III. 14
intoxication, III. 15
body found dead, III. 18
description of person, III. 22
formation of the neck, III. 22
period elapsed since death, III. 23
marks of wounds, III. 25
whether self inflicted, III. 32
smell of cloaths, III. 35
marks of rape, III. 35
surrounding objects, III. 36
marks of struggle, III. 37
thunder storms, III. 38
coup de soleil, III. 38
weapons, their nature and situation, III. 38
on body found in the water, III. 39
on body found hanging, III. 42

INSANITY, medically considered, 307
symptoms of, 312—320—359
sudden, 315
exaggerated ideas of, 316—318
necessity of medical evidence on, 315
questions on, 317
kinds of, 318
excessive coection improper in, 322
recovery from, 323
causes of, 324
hereditary, 324
from injuries of the head, 326
increase of, in France, 326
wine and spirits, dangerous in, 327
women more liable to, 327
appearances on dissection, 327—II. 104
feigned, 358
puerperal, 327—III. 129

INSENSIBILITY, delivery during, 243

INSURANCE on lives, 381
foreign case on, 387

INTOXICATION, suffocation during, II. 58
effect of cold during, II. 60
death by, II. 437
treatment of, II. 439

INTUS-susception, III. 65

IODINE, effect of, on arsenic and sublimate, II. 272

IRISH Health Act, 85

IRON, effect of, on copper, II. 293

J

JAIL fever, 124—II. 115
at Cambridge, 124
Oxford, 125—II. 115
Exeter, 125
Taunton, 125
at Newgate, 125
Dublin, II. 115

JATROPA, curcas, II. 203—207

JAUNDICE, feigned, 365