Chapter II: Front Matter (2)

The whole of the scene strikes me as equally and delightfully characteristic; I may add, hardly more so of Scott than of his printer; for Ballantyne, with all his profound worship of his friend and benefactor, was in truth, even more than he, an undoubting acquiescer in "the decision of the public, or rather of the booksellers;" and among the many absurdities into which his reverence for the popedom of Paternoster Row led him, I never could but consider with special astonishment, the facility with which he seemed to have adopted the notion that the Byron of 1814 was really entitled to supplant Scott as a popular poet. Appreciating, as a man of his talents could hardly fail to do, the splendidly original glow and depth of Childe Harold, he always appeared to me quite blind to the fact, that in The Giaour, in The Bride of Abydos, in Parisina, and indeed in all his early serious narratives, Byron owed at least half his success to clever, though perhaps unconscious imitation of Scott, and no trivial share of the rest to the lavish use of materials which Scott never employed, only because his genius was, from the beginning to the end of his career, under the guidance of high and chivalrous feelings of moral rectitude. All this Lord Byron himself seems to have felt most completely--as witness the whole sequence of {p.024} his letters and diaries;[9] and I think I see many symptoms that both the decision of the million, and its index, "the decision of the booksellers," tend the same way at present; but my business is to record, as far as my means may permit, the growth and structure of one great mind, and the effect which it produced upon the actual witnesses of its manifestations, not to obtrude the conjectures of a partial individual as to what rank posterity may assign it amongst or above contemporary rivals.

[Footnote 9: _E. G._ "If they want to depose Scott, I
only wish they would not set me up as a competitor. I
like the man--and admire his works to what Mr. Braham
calls _Entusymusy_. All such stuff can only vex him, and
do me no good."--Byron (1813), vol. ii. p. 259.

"Scott is certainly the most wonderful writer of the
day. His novels are a new literature in themselves, and
his poetry as good as any--if not better (only on an
erroneous system), and only ceased to be popular,
because the vulgar learned were tired of hearing
'Aristides called the Just,' and Scott the Best, and
ostracized him."--Byron (1821), vol. v. p. 72.]

The following letter was addressed to Lord Byron on the receipt of that copy of The Giaour to which Mr. Ballantyne's Memorandum refers: I believe the inscription to Scott first appeared on the ninth edition of the poem:

TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD BYRON, LONDON.

MY LORD,--I have long owed you my best thanks for the
uncommon pleasure I had in perusing your high-spirited
Turkish fragment. But I should hardly have ventured to offer
them, well knowing how you must be overwhelmed by volunteer
intrusions of approbation (which always look as if the
writer valued his opinion at fully more than it may be
worth) unless I had to-day learned that I have an apology
for entering upon the subject, from your having so kindly
sent me a copy of the poem. I did not receive it sooner,
owing to my absence from Edinburgh, where it had been lying
quietly at my house in Castle Street; so that I must have
seemed ungrateful, when, in truth, I was only modest. The
last offence may be forgiven, as not common in a lawyer
{p.025} and poet; the first is said to be equal to the
crime of witchcraft, but many an act of my life hath shown
that I am no conjurer. If I were, however, ten times more
modest than twenty years' attendance at the Bar renders
probable, your flattering inscription would cure me of so
unfashionable a malady. I might, indeed, lately have had a
legal title to as much supremacy on Parnassus as can be
conferred by a sign-manual, for I had a very flattering
offer of the laurel; but as I felt obliged, for a great many
reasons, to decline it, I am altogether unconscious of any
other title to sit high upon the forked hill.

To return to The Giaour; I had lent my first edition, but
the whole being imprinted in my memory, I had no difficulty
in tracing the additions, which are great improvements, as I
should have conjectured aforehand merely from their being
additions. I hope your Lordship intends to proceed with this
fascinating style of composition. You have access to a
stream of sentiments, imagery, and manners, which are so
little known to us as to convey all the interest of novelty,
yet so endeared to us by the early perusal of Eastern tales,
that we are not embarrassed with utter ignorance upon the
subject. Vathek, bating some passages, would have made a
charming subject for a tale. The conclusion is truly grand.
I would give a great deal to know the originals from which
it was drawn. Excuse this hasty scrawl, and believe me, my
Lord, your Lordship's much obliged, very humble servant,

Walter SCOTT.

If January brought the writer of this letter "disappointment," there was abundant consolation in store for February, 1815. Guy Mannering was received with eager curiosity, and pronounced by acclamation fully worthy to share the honors of Waverley. The easy transparent flow of its style; the beautiful simplicity, and here and there the wild solemn magnificence of its {p.026} sketches of scenery; the rapid, ever heightening interest of the narrative; the unaffected kindliness of feeling, the manly purity of thought, everywhere mingled with a gentle humor and a homely sagacity; but, above all, the rich variety and skilful contrast of characters and manners, at once fresh in fiction, and stamped with the unforgeable seal of truth and nature: these were charms that spoke to every heart and mind; and the few murmurs of pedantic criticism were lost in the voice of general delight, which never fails to welcome the invention that introduces to the sympathy of imagination a new group of immortal realities.

The earlier chapters of the present narrative have anticipated much of what I might, perhaps with better judgment, have reserved for this page. Taken together with the author's Introduction and Notes, those anecdotes of his days of youthful wandering must, however, have enabled the reader to trace almost as minutely as he could wish, the sources from which the novelist drew his materials, both of scenery and character; and the Durham Garland, which I print in the Appendix to this volume, exhausts my information concerning the humble groundwork on which fancy reared this delicious romance.[10]

[Footnote 10: I leave my text as it stood in the former
editions; but since the last of these appeared, a writer
in _The Gentleman's Magazine_ (July, 1840) has pointed
out some very remarkable coincidences between the
narrative of _Guy Mannering_ and the very singular
history of James Annesley, claimant in 1743 of the
honors and estates of the Earls of Anglesey, in Ireland.
That Sir Walter must have read the records of this
celebrated trial, as well as Smollett's edition of the
story in _Peregrine Pickle_, there can be no doubt. How
the circumstance had not recurred to his memory when
writing the explanatory Introduction to his Novel, I can
offer no conjecture. Very possibly the _Garland_ itself
may have been framed after the Annesley trial took
place.--(1841.) [The paper in _The Gentleman's
Magazine_, referred to above, will be found in the
Appendix to this volume.]]

The first edition was, like that of Waverley, in three little volumes, with a humility of paper and printing which the meanest novelist would now disdain to imitate; {p.027} the price a guinea. The 2000 copies of which it consisted were sold the day after the publication; and within three months came a second and a third impression, making together 5000 copies more. The sale, before those novels began to be collected, had reached nearly 10,000; and since then (to say nothing of foreign reprints of the text, and myriads of translations into every tongue of Europe) the domestic sale has amounted to 50,000.

On the rising of the Court of Session in March, Mr. and Mrs. Scott went by sea to London with their eldest girl, whom, being yet too young for general society, they again deposited with Joanna Baillie at Hampstead, while they themselves resumed, for two months, their usual quarters at kind Miss Dumergue's in Piccadilly. Six years had elapsed since Scott last appeared in the metropolis; and brilliant as his reception had then been, it was still more so on the present occasion. Scotland had been visited in the interim, chiefly from the interest excited by his writings, by crowds of the English nobility, most of whom had found introduction to his personal acquaintance--not a few had partaken of his hospitality at Ashestiel or Abbotsford. The generation among whom, I presume, a genius of this order feels his own influence with the proudest and sweetest confidence--on whose fresh minds and ears he has himself made the first indelible impressions--the generation with whose earliest romance of the heart and fancy his idea had been blended, was now grown to the full stature; the success of these recent novels, seen on every table, the subject of every conversation, had, with those who did not doubt their parentage, far more than counterweighed his declination, dubious after all, in the poetical balance; while the mystery that hung over them quickened the curiosity of the hesitating and conjecturing many--and the name on which ever and anon some new circumstance accumulated stronger suspicion, loomed larger through the {p.028} haze in which he had thought fit to envelop it. Moreover, this was a period of high national pride and excitement.

"O who that shared them ever shall forget
The emotions of the spirit-rousing time,
When breathless in the mart the couriers met,
Early and late, at evening and at prime;
When the loud cannon and the merry chime
Hail'd news on news, as field on field was won,
When Hope, long doubtful, soared at length sublime,
And our glad eyes, awake as day begun,
Watch'd Joy's broad banner rise, to meet the rising sun?

"O these were hours, when thrilling joy repaid
A long, long course of darkness, doubts, and fears!
The heart-sick faintness of the hope delayed,
The waste, the woe, the bloodshed, and the tears
That tracked with terror twenty rolling years--
All was forgot in that blithe jubilee.
Her downcast eye even pale Affliction rears,
To sigh a thankful prayer amid the glee
That hailed the Despot's fall, and peace and liberty!"[11]

[Footnote 11: _Lord of the Isles_, Canto vi.]

At such a time, Prince and people were well prepared to hail him who, more perhaps than any other master of the pen, had contributed to sustain the spirit of England throughout the struggle, which was as yet supposed to have been terminated on the field of Toulouse. "Thank Heaven you are coming at last!" Joanna Baillie had written a month or two before. "Make up your mind to be stared at only a little less than the Czar of Muscovy, or old Blücher."

And now took place James Ballantyne's "mighty consummation of the meeting of the two bards." Scott's own account of it, in a letter to Mr. Moore, must have been seen by most of my readers; yet I think it ought also to find a place here. He says:--

"It was in the spring of 1815, that, chancing to be in London, I had the advantage of a personal introduction {p.029} to Lord Byron. Report had prepared me to meet a man of peculiar habits and a quick temper, and I had some doubts whether we were likely to suit each other in society. I was most agreeably disappointed in this respect. I found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous, and even kind. We met for an hour or two almost daily, in Mr. Murray's drawing-room, and found a great deal to say to each other.[12] We also met frequently in parties and evening society, so that for about two months I had the advantage of a considerable intimacy with this distinguished individual. Our sentiments agreed a good deal, except upon the subjects of religion and politics, upon neither of which I was inclined to believe that Lord Byron entertained very fixed opinions. I remember saying to him, that I really thought that if he lived a few years he would alter his sentiments. He answered, rather sharply, 'I suppose you are one of those who prophesy I shall turn Methodist.' I replied: 'No, I don't expect your conversion to be of such an ordinary kind. I would rather look to see you retreat upon the Catholic faith, and distinguish yourself by the austerity of your penances. The species of religion to which you must, or may, one day attach yourself, must exercise a strong power on the imagination.' He smiled gravely, and seemed to allow I might be right.

[Footnote 12: [John Murray--the third of the name--gives
some interesting notes of his recollections of these
meetings in Albemarle Street, in the _Memoirs_ of his
father (vol. i. p. 267).]]

"On politics, he used sometimes to express a high strain of what is now called Liberalism; but it appeared to me that the pleasure it afforded him, as a vehicle for displaying his wit and satire against individuals in office, was at the bottom of this habit of thinking, rather than any real conviction of the political principles on which he talked. He was certainly proud of his rank and ancient family, and, in that respect, as much an aristocrat {p.030} as was consistent with good sense and good breeding. Some disgusts, how adopted I know not, seemed to me to have given this peculiar and (as it appeared to me) contradictory cast of mind; but, at heart, I would have termed Byron a patrician on principle.

"Lord Byron's reading did not seem to me to have been very extensive, either in poetry or history. Having the advantage of him in that respect, and possessing a good competent share of such reading as is little read, I was sometimes able to put under his eye objects which had for him the interest of novelty. I remember particularly repeating to him the fine poem of Hardyknute, an imitation of the old Scottish ballad, with which he was so much affected, that some one who was in the same apartment asked me what I could possibly have been telling Byron by which he was so much agitated.

"I saw Byron for the last time in 1815, after I returned from France. He dined, or lunched, with me at Long's, in Bond Street. I never saw him so full of gayety and good-humor, to which the presence of Mr. Mathews, the comedian, added not a little. Poor Terry was also present. After one of the gayest parties I ever was present at, my fellow-traveller, Mr. Scott of Gala, and I set off for Scotland, and I never saw Lord Byron again. Several letters passed between us--one perhaps every half-year. Like the old heroes in Homer, we exchanged gifts. I gave Byron a beautiful dagger mounted with gold, which had been the property of the redoubted Elfi Bey. But I was to play the part of Diomed in the Iliad, for Byron sent me, some time after, a large sepulchral vase of silver. It was full of dead men's bones, and had inscriptions on two sides of the base. One ran thus: 'The bones contained in this urn were found in certain ancient sepulchres within the long walls of Athens, in the month of February, 1811.' The other face bears the lines of Juvenal: '_Expende--quot libras in duce summo {p.031} invenies?--Mors sola fatetur quantula sint hominum corpuscula._'

"To these I have added a third inscription, in these words, 'The gift of Lord Byron to Walter Scott.'[13] There was a letter with this vase, more valuable to me than the gift itself, from the kindness with which the donor expressed himself towards me. I left it naturally in the urn with the bones; but it is now missing. As the theft was not of a nature to be practised by a mere domestic, I am compelled to suspect the inhospitality of some individual of higher station, most gratuitously exercised certainly, since, after what I have here said, no one will probably choose to boast of possessing this literary curiosity.

[Footnote 13: Mr. Murray had, at the time of giving the
vase, suggested to Lord Byron, that it would increase
the value of the gift to add some such inscription; but
the noble poet answered modestly,--

"April 9, 1815. DEAR MURRAY,--I have a great objection
to your proposition about inscribing the vase--which is,
that it would appear _ostentatious_ on my part; and of
course I must send it as it is, without any alteration.
Yours ever, BYRON."]

"We had a good deal of laughing, I remember, on what the public might be supposed to think, or say, concerning the gloomy and ominous nature of our mutual gifts.

"I think I can add little more to my recollections of Byron. He was often melancholy--almost gloomy. When I observed him in this humor, I used either to wait till it went off of its own accord, or till some natural and easy mode occurred of leading him into conversation, when the shadows almost always left his countenance, like the mist rising from a landscape. In conversation he was very animated.

"I met with him very frequently in society; our mutual acquaintances doing me the honor to think that he liked to meet with me. Some very agreeable parties I can recollect--particularly one at Sir George Beaumont's--where the amiable landlord had assembled some persons {p.032} distinguished for talent. Of these I need only mention the late Sir Humphry Davy, whose talents for literature were as remarkable as his empire over science. Mr. Richard Sharpe and Mr. Rogers were also present.

"I think I also remarked in Byron's temper starts of suspicion, when he seemed to pause and consider whether there had not been a secret, and perhaps offensive, meaning in something casually said to him. In this case, I also judged it best to let his mind, like a troubled spring, work itself clear, which it did in a minute or two. I was considerably older, you will recollect, than my noble friend, and had no reason to fear his misconstruing my sentiments towards him, nor had I ever the slightest reason to doubt that they were kindly returned on his part. If I had occasion to be mortified by the display of genius which threw into the shade such pretensions as I was then supposed to possess, I might console myself that, in my own case, the materials of mental happiness had been mingled in a greater proportion.

"I rummage my brains in vain for what often rushes into my head unbidden--little traits and sayings which recall his looks, manner, tone, and gestures; and I have always continued to think that a crisis of life was arrived, in which a new career of fame was opened to him, and that had he been permitted to start upon it, he would have obliterated the memory of such parts of his life as friends would wish to forget."

I have nothing to add to this interesting passage, except that Joanna Baillie's tragedy of The Family Legend being performed at one of the theatres during Scott's stay in town, Lord Byron accompanied the authoress and Mr. and Mrs. Scott to witness the representation; and that the vase with the Attic bones appears to have been sent to Scott very soon after his arrival in London, not, as Mr. Moore had gathered from the hasty diction of his Reminiscences, at some "subsequent period of their acquaintance." {p.033} This is sufficiently proved by the following note:--

TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD BYRON, ETC., ETC.

PICCADILLY, MONDAY.

MY DEAR LORD,--I am not a little ashamed of the value of the
shrine in which your Lordship has enclosed the Attic relics;
but were it yet more costly, the circumstance could not add
value to it in my estimation, when considered as a pledge of
your Lordship's regard and friendship. The principal
pleasure which I have derived from my connection with
literature has been the access which it has given me to
those who are distinguished by talents and accomplishments;
and, standing so high as your Lordship justly does in that
rank, my satisfaction in making your acquaintance has been
proportionally great. It is one of those wishes which, after
having been long and earnestly entertained, I have found
completely gratified upon becoming personally known to you;
and I trust you will permit me to profit by it frequently,
during my stay in town. I am, my dear Lord, your truly
obliged and faithful

Walter SCOTT.

It was also in the spring of 1815 that Scott had, for the first time, the honor of being presented to the Prince Regent. His Royal Highness had (as has been seen from a letter to Joanna Baillie, already quoted) signified, more than a year before this time, his wish that the poet should revisit London--and, on reading his Edinburgh Address in particular, he said to Mr. Dundas, that "Walter Scott's charming behavior about the laureateship had made him doubly desirous of seeing him at Carlton House." More lately, on receiving a copy of The Lord of the Isles, his Royal Highness's librarian had been commanded to write to him in these terms:--

{p.034} TO WALTER SCOTT, ESQ., EDINBURGH.

CARLTON HOUSE, January 19, 1815.

MY DEAR SIR,--You are deservedly so great a favorite with
the Prince Regent, that his librarian is not only directed
to return you the thanks of his Royal Highness for your
valuable present, but to inform you that the Prince Regent
particularly wishes to see you whenever you come to London;
and desires you will always, when you are there, come into
his library whenever you please. Believe me always, with
sincerity, one of your warmest admirers, and most obliged
friends,

J. S. CLARKE.

On hearing from Mr. Croker (then Secretary to the Admiralty) that Scott was to be in town by the middle of March, the Prince said, "Let me know when he comes, and I'll get up a snug little dinner that will suit him;" and, after he had been presented and graciously received at the levee, he was invited to dinner accordingly, through his excellent friend Mr. Adam (now Lord Chief Commissioner of the Jury Court in Scotland),[14] who at that time held a confidential office in the royal household. The Regent had consulted with Mr. Adam also as to the composition of the party. "Let us have," said he, "just a few friends of his own--and the more Scotch the better;" and both the Chief Commissioner and Mr. Croker assure me that the party was the most interesting and agreeable one in their recollection. It comprised, I believe, the Duke of York--the late Duke of Gordon (then Marquis of Huntly)--the Marquis of Hertford (then Lord Yarmouth)--the Earl of Fife--and {p.035} Scott's early friend Lord Melville. "The Prince and Scott," says Mr. Croker, "were the two most brilliant story-tellers in their several ways, that I have ever happened to meet; they were both aware of their _forte_, and both exerted themselves that evening with delightful effect. On going home, I really could not decide which of them had shone the most. The Regent was enchanted with Scott, as Scott with him; and on all his subsequent visits to London, he was a frequent guest at the royal table." The Lord Chief Commissioner remembers that the Prince was particularly delighted with the poet's anecdotes of the old Scotch judges and lawyers, which his Royal Highness sometimes _capped_ by ludicrous traits of certain ermined sages of his own acquaintance. Scott told, among others, a story, which he was fond of telling; and the commentary of his Royal Highness on hearing it amused Scott, who often mentioned it afterwards. The anecdote is this: A certain Judge, whenever he went on a particular circuit, was in the habit of visiting a gentleman of good fortune in the neighborhood of one of the assize towns, and staying at least one night, which, being both of them ardent chess-players, they usually concluded with their favorite game. One Spring circuit the battle was not decided at daybreak, so the Judge said, "Weel, Donald, I must e'en come back this gate in the harvest, and let the game lie ower for the present;" and back he came in October, but not to his old friend's hospitable house; for that gentleman had, in the interim, been apprehended on a capital charge (of forgery), and his name stood on the _Porteous Roll_, or list of those who were about to be tried under his former guest's auspices. The laird was indicted and tried accordingly, and the jury returned a verdict of _guilty_. The Judge forthwith put on his cocked hat (which answers to the black cap in England), and pronounced the sentence of the law in the usual terms: "To be hanged by the neck until you be dead; and may the Lord have {p.036} mercy upon your unhappy soul!" Having concluded this awful formula in his most sonorous cadence, the Judge, dismounting his formidable beaver, gave a familiar nod to his unfortunate acquaintance, and said to him in a sort of chuckling whisper, "And now, Donald, my man, I think I've checkmated you for ance." The Regent laughed heartily at this specimen of judicial humor; and "I' faith, Walter," said he, "this old big-wig seems to have taken things as coolly as my tyrannical self. Don't you remember Tom Moore's description of me at breakfast,--

'The table spread with tea and toast,
Death-warrants and the Morning Post?'"

[Footnote 14: This most amiable and venerable gentleman,
my dear and kind friend, died at Edinburgh on the 17th
February, 1839, in the 80th year of his age. He retained
his strong mental faculties in their perfect vigor to
the last days of this long life, and with them all the
warmth of social feelings which had endeared him to all
who were so happy as to have any opportunity of knowing
him. The reader will find an affectionate tribute to his
worth, from Sir Walter Scott's Diary, in a subsequent
volume of these Memoirs.--(March, 1839.)]

Towards midnight, the Prince called for "a bumper, with all the honors, to the Author of Waverley," and looked significantly, as he was charging his own glass, to Scott. Scott seemed somewhat puzzled for a moment, but instantly recovering himself, and filling his glass to the brim, said, "Your Royal Highness looks as if you thought I had some claim to the honors of this toast. I have no such pretensions, but shall take good care that the real Simon Pure hears of the high compliment that has now been paid him." He then drank off his claret, and joined in the cheering, which the Prince himself timed. But before the company could resume their seats, his Royal Highness exclaimed, "Another of the same, if you please, to the Author of Marmion--and now, Walter, my man, I have checkmated you for _ance_." The second bumper was followed by cheers still more prolonged: and Scott then rose and returned thanks in a short address, which struck the Lord Chief Commissioner as "alike grave and graceful." This story has been circulated in a very perverted shape. I now give it on the authority of my venerated friend. He adds, that having occasion, the day after, to call on the Duke of York, his Royal Highness said to him: "Upon my word, Adam, my brother went rather too near the wind about Waverley--but {p.037} nobody could have turned the thing more prettily than Walter Scott did--and upon the whole I never had better fun."[15]

[Footnote 15: Since this narrative was first published,
I have been told by two gentlemen who were at this
dinner, that, according to their recollection, the
Prince _did not_ on that occasion run so "near the wind"
as my text represents; and I am inclined to believe that
a scene at Dalkeith, in 1822, may have been
unconsciously blended with a gentler rehearsal of
Carlton House, 1815. The Chief Commissioner had promised
to revise my sheets for the present edition; but alas,
he never did so--and I must now leave the matter as it
stands.--(1839.)]

The Regent, as was his custom with those he most delighted to honor, uniformly addressed the poet, even at their first dinner, by his Christian name, "Walter."

Before he left town, he again dined at Carlton House, when the party was a still smaller one than before, and the merriment, if possible, still more free. That nothing might be wanting, the Prince sung several capital songs in the course of that evening--as witness the lines in Sultan Serendib:[16]--

"I love a Prince will bid the bottle pass,
Exchanging with his subjects glance and glass,
In fitting time can, gayest of the gay,
Keep up the jest and mingle in the lay.
Such Monarchs best our freeborn humor suit,
But despots must be stately, stern, and mute."[17]

[Footnote 16: [_The Search after Happiness._]]

[Footnote 17: Scott's _Poetical Works_, vol. xi. p. 353
[Cambridge Ed. p. 431].]

Before he returned to Edinburgh, on the 22d of May, the Regent sent him a gold snuff-box, set in brilliants, with a medallion of his Royal Highness's head on the lid, "as a testimony" (writes Mr. Adam, in transmitting it) "of the high opinion his Royal Highness entertains of your genius and merit."

I transcribe what follows from James Ballantyne's _Memoranda_:--

"After Mr. Scott's first interview with his Sovereign, one
or two intimate friends took the liberty of inquiring, what
judgment he had formed of the Regent's talents? He declined
{p.038} giving any definite answer--but repeated that 'he
was the first gentleman he had seen--certainly the first
_English_ gentleman of his day;--there was something about
him which, independently of the _prestige_, the "divinity,
which hedges a King," marked him as standing entirely by
himself; but as to his abilities, spoken of as distinct from
his charming manners, how could any one form a fair judgment
of that man who introduced whatever subject he chose,
discussed it just as long as he chose, and dismissed it when
he chose?'"

Ballantyne adds:--

"What I have now to say is more important, not only in
itself, but as it will enable you to give a final
contradiction to an injurious report which has been in
circulation; namely, that the Regent asked him as to the
authorship of Waverley, and received a distinct and solemn
denial. I took the bold freedom of requesting to know _from
him_ whether his Royal Highness had questioned him on that
subject, and what had been his answer. He glanced at me with
a look of mild surprise, and said, 'What answer I might have
made to such a question, put to me by my Sovereign, perhaps
I do not, or rather perhaps I do know; but I was never put
to the test. He is far too well-bred a man ever to put so
ill-bred a question.'"

The account I have already given of the convivial scene alluded to would probably have been sufficient; but it can do no harm to place Ballantyne's, or rather Scott's own testimony, also on record.

I ought not to have omitted, that during Scott's residence in London, in April, 1815, he lost one of the English friends, to a meeting with whom he had looked forward with the highest pleasure. Mr. George Ellis died on the 15th of that month, at his seat of Sunning Hill. This threw a cloud over what would otherwise have been a period of unmixed enjoyment. Mr. Canning penned the epitaph for that dearest of his friends, but he submitted it to Scott's consideration before it was engraved.

{p.039} CHAPTER XXXV.

Battle of Waterloo. -- Letter of Sir Charles Bell. -- Visit
to the Continent. -- Waterloo. -- Letters from Brussels and
Paris. -- Anecdotes of Scott at Paris. -- The Duke of
Wellington. -- The Emperor Alexander. -- Blücher. --
Platoff. -- Party at Ermenonville, etc. -- London. --
Parting with Lord Byron. -- Scott's Sheffield Knife. --
Return to Abbotsford. -- Anecdotes by Mr. Skene and James
Ballantyne.

1815.

Goethe expressed, I fancy, a very general sentiment, when he said, that to him the great charm and value of my friend's Life of Buonaparte seemed quite independent of the question of its accuracy as to small details; that he turned eagerly to the book, not to find dates sifted, and countermarches analyzed, but to contemplate what could not but be a true record of the broad impressions made on the mind of Scott by the marvellous revolutions of his own time in their progress. Feeling how justly in the main that work has preserved those impressions, though gracefully softened and sobered in the retrospect of peaceful and more advanced years, I the less regret that I have it not in my power to quote any letters of his touching the reappearance of Napoleon on the soil of France--the immortal march from Cannes--the reign of the Hundred Days, and the preparations for another struggle, which fixed the gaze of Europe in May, 1815.

That he should have been among the first civilians {p.040} who hurried over to see the field of Waterloo, and hear English bugles sound about the walls of Paris, could have surprised none who knew the lively concern he had always taken in the military efforts of his countrymen, and the career of the illustrious captain, who had taught them to reëstablish the renown of Agincourt and Blenheim,--

"Victor of Assaye's Eastern plain,
Victor of all the fields of Spain."

I had often heard him say, however, that his determination was, if not fixed, much quickened by a letter of an old acquaintance of his, who had, on the arrival of the news of the 18th of June, instantly repaired to Brussels, to tender his professional skill in aid of the overburdened medical staff of the conqueror's army. When, therefore, I found the letter in question preserved among Scott's papers, I perused it with a peculiar interest; and I now venture, with the writer's permission, to present it to the reader. It was addressed by Sir Charles Bell to his brother, an eminent barrister in Edinburgh, who transmitted it to Scott. "When I read it," said he, "it set me on fire." The marriage of Miss Maclean Clephane of Torloisk with the Earl Compton (now Marquis of Northampton), which took place on the 24th of July, was in fact the only cause why he did not leave Scotland instantly; for that dear young friend had chosen Scott for her guardian, and on him accordingly devolved the chief care of the arrangements on this occasion. The extract sent to him by Mr. George Joseph Bell is as follows:--

"BRUSSELS, 2d July, 1815.

"This country, the finest in the world, has been of late
quite out of our minds. I did not, in any degree, anticipate
the pleasure I should enjoy, the admiration forced from me,
on coming into one of these antique towns, or in journeying
through the rich garden. Can you recollect the time when
there were gentlemen meeting at the Cross of Edinburgh, or
those whom we thought such? They are all collected here.
{p.041} You see the very men, with their scraggy necks
sticking out of the collars of their old-fashioned
square-skirted coats--their canes--their cocked-hats; and,
when they meet, the formal bow, the hat off to the ground,
and the powder flying in the wind. I could divert you with
the odd resemblances of the Scottish faces among the
peasants, too--but I noted _them_ at the time with my
pencil, and I write to you only of things that you won't
find in my pocket-book.

"I have just returned from seeing the French wounded
received in their hospital; and could you see them laid out
naked, or almost so--100 in a row of low beds on the
ground--though wounded, exhausted, beaten, you would still
conclude with me that these were men capable of marching
unopposed from the west of Europe to the east of Asia.
Strong, thickset, hardy veterans, brave spirits and
unsubdued, as they cast their wild glance upon you,--their
black eyes and brown cheeks finely contrasted with the fresh
sheets,--you would much admire their capacity of adaptation.
These fellows are brought from the field after lying many
days on the ground; many dying--many in the agony--many
miserably racked with pain and spasms; and the next mimics
his fellow, and gives it a tune,--_Aha, vous chantez bien!_
How they are wounded you will see in my notes. But I must
not have you to lose the present impression on me of the
formidable nature of these fellows as exemplars of the breed
in France. It is a forced praise; for from all I have seen,
and all I have heard of their fierceness, cruelty, and
bloodthirstiness, I cannot convey to you my detestation of
this race of trained banditti. By what means they are to be
kept in subjection until other habits come upon them, I know
not; but I am convinced that these men cannot be left to the
bent of their propensities.

"This superb city is now ornamented with the finest groups
of armed men that the most romantic fancy could dream of. I
was struck with the words of a friend--E. 'I saw,' said he,
'_that_ man returning from the field on the 16th.' (This was
a Brunswicker, of the Black or Death Hussars.) 'He was
wounded, and had had his arm amputated on the field. He was
among the first that came in. He rode straight and stark
upon his horse--the bloody clouts about his stump--pale as
death, but upright, with a stern, fixed expression of
{p.042} feature, as if loath to lose his revenge.' These
troops are very remarkable in their fine military
appearance; their dark and ominous dress sets off to
advantage their strong, manly, northern features and white
mustachios; and there is something more than commonly
impressive about the whole effect.

"This is the second Sunday after the battle, and many are
not yet dressed. There are 20,000 wounded in this town,
besides those in the hospitals, and the many in the other
towns;--only 3000 prisoners; 80,000, they say, killed and
wounded on both sides."

I think it not wonderful that this extract should have set Scott's imagination effectually on fire; that he should have grasped at the idea of seeing probably the last shadows of real warfare that his own age would afford; or that some parts of the great surgeon's simple phraseology are reproduced, almost verbatim, in the first of Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk. No sooner was Scott's purpose known, than some of his young neighbors in the country proposed to join his excursion; and, in company with three of them, namely, his kinsman, John Scott of Gala, Alexander Pringle, the younger, of Whytbank (now M. P. for Selkirkshire), and Robert Bruce, advocate (now Sheriff of Argyle), he left Edinburgh for the south, at 5. A. M. on the 27th of July.

They travelled by the stage-coach, and took the route of Hull and Lincoln to Cambridge; for Gala and Whytbank, being both members of that university, were anxious to seize this opportunity of revisiting it themselves, and showing its beautiful architecture to their friend. After this wish had been gratified, they proceeded to Harwich, and thence, on the 3d of August, took ship for Helvoetsluys.

"The weather was beautiful," says Gala, "so we all went
outside the coach from Cambridge to Harwich. At starting,
there was a general complaint of thirst, the consequence of
some experiments overnight on the celebrated _bishop_ of my
_Alma Mater_; our friend, however, was in great glee, and
{p.043} never was a merrier _basket_ than he made it all
the morning. He had cautioned us, on leaving Edinburgh,
never to _name names_ in such situations, and our adherence
to this rule was rewarded by some amusing incidents. For
example, as we entered the town where we were to dine, a
heavy-looking man, who was to stop there, took occasion to
thank Scott for the pleasure his anecdotes had afforded him:
'You have a good memory, sir,' said he; 'mayhap, now, you
sometimes write down what you hear or be a-reading about?'
He answered, very gravely, that he did occasionally put down
a _few_ notes, if anything struck him particularly. In the
afternoon, it happened that he sat on the box, while the
rest of us were behind him. Here, by degrees, he became
quite absorbed in his own reflections. He frequently
repeated to himself, or _composed_ perhaps, for a good
while, and often smiled or raised his hand, seeming
completely occupied and amused. His neighbor, a vastly
scientific and rather grave professor, in a smooth drab
Benjamin and broad-brimmed beaver, cast many a curious
sidelong glance at him, evidently suspecting that all was
not right with the upper story, but preserved perfect
politeness. The poet was, however, discovered by the captain
of the vessel in which we crossed the Channel;--and a
perilous passage it was, chiefly in consequence of the
unceasing tumblers in which this worthy kept drinking his
health."

Before leaving Edinburgh, Scott had settled in his mind the plan of Paul's Letters; for on that same day, his agent, John Ballantyne, addressed the following letter, from his marine villa near Newhaven:--

TO MESSRS. CONSTABLE & CO.

TRINITY, 27th July, 1815.

DEAR SIRS,--Mr. Scott left town to-day for the Continent. He
proposes writing from thence a series of letters on a
peculiar plan, varied in matter and style, and to different
supposititious correspondents.

The work is to form a demy 8vo volume of twenty-two sheets,
to sell at 12s. It is to be begun immediately on his arrival
in France, and to be published, if possible, the second week
of September, when he proposes to return.

{p.044} We print 3000 of this, and I am empowered to offer
you one third of the edition, Messrs. Longman & Co. and Mr.
Murray having each the same share: the terms, twelve months'
acceptance for paper and print, and half profits at six
months, granted now as under. The over copies will pay the
charge for advertising, I am, etc.,

John BALLANTYNE.

_Charge_--
22 sheets printing,--£3 15 0 £82 10 0
145 reams demy, -- 1 10 0 217 10 0
---------
£300 0 0

3000 at 8s. £1200 0 0
Cost, 300 0 0
----------
£900 0 0 profit--One half is £450.

Before Scott reached Harwich, he knew that this offer had been accepted without hesitation; and thenceforth, accordingly, he threw his daily letters to his wife into the form of communications meant for an imaginary group, consisting of a spinster sister, a statistical laird, a rural clergyman of the Presbyterian Kirk, and a brother, a veteran officer on half-pay. The rank of this last personage corresponded, however, exactly with that of his own elder brother, John Scott, who also, like the Major of the book, had served in the Duke of York's unfortunate campaign of 1797; the sister is only a slender disguise for his aunt Christian Rutherford, already often mentioned; Lord Somerville, long President of the Board of Agriculture, was Paul's laird; and the shrewd and unbigoted Dr. Douglas of Galashiels was his "minister of the gospel." These epistles, after having been devoured by the little circle at Abbotsford, were transmitted to Major John Scott, his mother, and Miss Rutherford, in Edinburgh; from their hands they passed to those of James Ballantyne and Mr. Erskine, both of whom assured me that the copy ultimately sent to the press consisted, in great part, of the identical sheets that {p.045} had successively reached Melrose through the post. The rest had of course been, as Ballantyne expresses it, "somewhat cobbled;" but, on the whole, Paul's Letters are to be considered as a true and faithful journal of this expedition; insomuch, that I might perhaps content myself, in this place, with a simple reference to that delightful volume. He found time, however, to write letters during his absence from Britain, to some others of his friends; and a specimen or two of these may interest the reader. I have also gathered, from the companions of the journey, a few more particulars, which Scott's modesty withheld him from recording; and some trivial circumstances which occur to me, from recollection of his own conversation, may also be acceptable.

But I hope that, if the reader has not perused Paul's Letters recently, he will refresh his memory, before he proceeds further, by bestowing an hour on that genuine fragment of the author's autobiography. He is now, unless he had the advantage of Scott's personal familiarity, much better acquainted with the man than he could have been before he took up this compilation of his private correspondence--and especially before he perused the full diary of the lighthouse yacht in 1814; and a thousand little turns and circumstances which may have, when he originally read the book, passed lightly before his eye, will now, I venture to say, possess a warm and vivid interest, as inimitably characteristic of a departed friend. The kindest of husbands and fathers never portrayed himself with more unaffected truth than in this vain effort, if such he really fancied he was making, to sustain the character of "a cross old bachelor." The whole man, just as he was, breathes in every line, with all his compassionate and benevolent sympathy of heart, all his sharpness of observation, and sober shrewdness of reflection; all his enthusiasm for nature, for country life, for simple manners and simple pleasures, mixed up with an equally glowing enthusiasm, at which many may {p.046} smile, for the tiniest relics of feudal antiquity--and last, not least, a pulse of physical rapture for the "circumstance of war," which bears witness to the blood of _Boltfoot_ and _Fire-the-Braes_.

At Brussels, Scott found the small English garrison left there in command of Major-General Sir Frederick Adam, the son of his highly valued friend, the Lord Chief Commissioner. Sir Frederick had been wounded at Waterloo, and could not as yet mount on horseback; but one of his aides-de-camp, Captain Campbell, escorted Scott and his party to the field of battle, on which occasion they were also accompanied by another old acquaintance of his, Major Pryse Gordon, who being then on half-pay, happened to be domesticated with his family at Brussels. Major Gordon has since published two lively volumes of Personal Memoirs; and Gala bears witness to the fidelity of certain reminiscences of Scott at Brussels and Waterloo, which occupy one of the chapters of this work. I shall, therefore, extract the passage:--

"Sir Walter Scott accepted my services to conduct him to
Waterloo: the General's aide-de-camp was also of the party.
He made no secret of his having undertaken to write
something on the battle; and perhaps he took the greater
interest on this account in everything that he saw. Besides,
he had never seen the field of such a conflict; and never
having been before on the Continent, it was all new to his
comprehensive mind. The day was beautiful; and I had the
precaution to send out a couple of saddle-horses, that he
might not be fatigued in walking over the fields, which had
been recently ploughed up. In our rounds we fell in with
Monsieur de Costar, with whom he got into conversation. This
man had attracted so much notice by his pretended story of
being about the person of Napoleon, that he was of too much
importance to be passed by: I did not, indeed, know as much
of this fellow's charlatanism at that time as afterwards,
when I saw him confronted with a blacksmith of La Belle
Alliance, who had been his companion in a hiding-place ten
miles from the field during the whole day; a {p.047} fact
which he could not deny. But he had got up a tale so
plausible and so profitable, that he could afford to bestow
hush-money on the companion of his flight, so that the
imposition was but little known; and strangers continued to
be gulled. He had picked up a good deal of information about
the positions and details of the battle; and, being
naturally a sagacious Walloon, and speaking French pretty
fluently, he became the favorite cicerone, and every lie he
told was taken for gospel. Year after year, until his death
in 1824, he continued his popularity, and raised the price
of his rounds from a couple of francs to five; besides as
much for the hire of a horse, his own property; for he
pretended that the fatigue of walking so many hours was
beyond his powers. It has been said that in this way he
realized every summer a couple of hundred Napoleons.

"When Sir Walter had examined every point of defence and
attack, we adjourned to the 'Original Duke of Wellington' at
Waterloo, to lunch after the fatigues of the ride. Here he
had a crowded levee of peasants, and collected a great many
trophies, from cuirasses down to buttons and bullets. He
picked up himself many little relics, and was fortunate in
purchasing a grand cross of the Legion of Honor. But the
most precious memorial was presented to him by my wife--a
French soldier's book, well stained with blood, and
containing some songs popular in the French army, which he
found so interesting that he introduced versions of them in
his Paul's Letters; of which, he did me the honor to send me
a copy, with a letter, saying, 'that he considered my wife's
gift as the most valuable of all his Waterloo relics.'

"On our return from the field, he kindly passed the evening
with us, and a few friends whom we invited to meet him. He
charmed us with his delightful conversation, and was in
great spirits from the agreeable day he had passed; and with
great good-humor promised to write a stanza in my wife's
album. On the following morning he fulfilled his promise by
contributing some beautiful verses on Hougomont. I put him
into my little library to prevent interruption, as a great
many persons had paraded in the _Parc_ opposite my window to
get a peep of the celebrated man, many having dogged him
from his hotel.

{p.048} "Brussels affords but little worthy of the notice of
such a traveller as the Author of Waverley; but he greatly
admired the splendid tower of the Maison de Ville, and the
ancient sculpture and style of architecture of the buildings
which surround the Grand Place.

"He told us, with great humor, a laughable incident which
had occurred to him at Antwerp. The morning after his
arrival at that city from Holland, he started at an early
hour to visit the tomb of Rubens in the church of St.
Jacques, before his party were up. After wandering about for
some time, without finding the object he had in view, he
determined to make inquiry, and observing a person stalking
about, he addressed him in his best French; but the
stranger, pulling off his hat, very respectfully replied in
the pure Highland accent, 'I'm vary sorry, sir, but I canna
speak onything besides English.'--'This is very unlucky
indeed, Donald,' said Sir Walter, 'but we must help one
another; for, to tell you the truth, I'm not good at any
other tongue but the English, or rather, the Scotch.'--'Oh,
sir, maybe,' replied the Highlander, 'you are a countryman,
and ken my maister Captain Cameron of the 79th, and could
tell me whare he lodges. I'm just cum in, sir, frae a place
they ca' _Machlin_,[18] and ha' forgotten the name of the
captain's quarters; it was something like the
_Laaborer_.'--'I can, I think, help you with this, my
friend,' rejoined Sir Walter. 'There is an inn just opposite
to you' (pointing to the _Hôtel du Grand Laboureur_): 'I
dare say that will be the captain's quarters;' and it was
so. I cannot do justice to the humor with which Sir Walter
recounted this dialogue."[19]

[Footnote 18: Mechlin--the Highlander gave it the
familiar pronunciation of a Scotch village, Mauchline,
celebrated in many of Burns's poems.]

[Footnote 19: See Major Gordon's _Personal Memoirs_
(1830), vol. ii. pp. 325-338.]

The following is the letter which Scott addressed to the Duke of Buccleuch immediately after seeing the field of Waterloo; and it may amuse the reader to compare it with Major Gordon's chapter, and with the writer's own fuller, and, of course, "cobbled" detail, in the pages of Paul:--

{p.049} TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH, ETC.