Chapter XIV: Part 14

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] York Epis. Reg. Wickwane, f. 79 (Surtees Soc. vol. cxiv. ed. Brown, p. 290).

[2] York Epis. Reg. Kempe, f. 37 _d_.

[3] Viz., Harworth, Lowdham, East and West Markham, Walesby, and North Wheatley. These, before they were granted to Westminster, were regarded as members of the free chapel in Tickhill castle.

[4] The dean and chapter held the churches of Edwinstowe and Orston. The dean was parson of Mansfield and South Leverton. The chancellor held the church of Stoke-by-Newark as a prebend; and the churches of North Clifton, Farndon with Balderton, and South Searle formed separate prebends.

[5] The churches belonging to this body are mentioned below. The dean and chapter of York held East Drayton, Laneham, Misterton, and Sturton-le-Steeple. Bole and Habblesthorpe were prebends in York minster.

[6] _Memorials of Old Lincolnshire_, 1911, pp. 53–80 (“Saxon Churches in Lincolnshire”).

[7] The two western responds of the Norman presbytery are _in situ_.

[8] The arches, however, were probably not turned until some advance had been made with the nave. The capitals of the eastern piers are much earlier in character than those of the western.

[9] The aisles were probably set out before the nave arcades were begun, but the walls were not raised till later.

[10] The best and most refined example of twelfth-century sculpture in the county is the font at Lenton. This, however, hardly comes within the scope of architecture; the same thing may be said of the pre-Conquest coffin-lid at Hickling.

[11] Marnham was appropriated to the Knights Templars, and passed on their suppression to the Hospitallers.

[12] The church was not appropriated to Peterborough till long after the thirteenth century. The licence bears date 1499, 20 April (Pat. 14 Hen. vii., pt. 2).

[13] _E.g._ at Sherburn-in-Elmet and Campsall.

[14] It should also be noted that the west front and towers at Ripon were added at this period to Archbishop Roger’s aisleless nave there.

[15] The same arrangement is found in the eastern bay of each aisle.

[16] At the same time, it may be noted that the elevation of the quire at Southwell appears to owe something to western, rather than northern influence.

[17] For reasons determining this date, see _Memorials of Old Lincolnshire_, pp. 144, 145.

[18] Thomas Dalton, consecrated 1294, 10th Oct. (Stubbs, _Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum_, 2nd ed., 1897, p. 68).

[19] The corbel-table of carved heads below the parapet should be noticed. This feature is very usual in the neighbouring county of Leicester.

[20] He was a Leicestershire man by birth, but was related to William of Rotherfield, dean of York, and to Archbishop Walter de Gray. He was a prebendary of York, was beneficed in more than one place in York diocese, and was master of St. Leonard’s hospital at York.

[21] Licence bears date 1316, 4th Aug. (Pat. 10 Edw. II., pt. 1, m. 31). The actual appropriation, however, did not take place until 1349, by deed of 28th March in that year (York Epis. Reg. Zouche, ff. 124 _d._, 125). A vicarage was ordained on 24th September (_ibid._, f. 141).

[22] The north chapel of the chancel was “newly built” by 23rd Oct. 1325. See Pat. 19 Edw. II. pt. 1, m. 20, and _cf._ m. 12. See _Vict. Hist. Notts._ ii. 150–52, and Dugdale (ed. Caley, &c.) vi. 1369, 1370.

[23] See Pat. 21 Edw. III. pt. 3, m. 10 (20th Nov. 1347). There is much in common between the window-tracery at Beckingham and that in the chapel east of the north transept at Southwell.

[24] Licence bears date 1343, 10th July (Pat. 17 Edw. III. pt. 2, m. 31).

[25] A chantry was founded in Heckington church by licence bearing date 1311, 28 April (Pat. 4 Edw. II. pt. 2, m. 17). Rebuilding may have been begun by that time. The founder was presented to the rectory in 1309–10.

[26] H. B. M’Call, _Richmondshire Churches_, 1910, has dealt at length with this group of Yorkshire chancels.

[27] Licence bears date 1337, 2nd Sept. (Pat. 11 Edw. III. pt. 3 m. 39).

[28] The account of Newark Church, by T. M. Blagg, F.S.A., in his valuable handbook to Newark, Hawton, and Holme, contains a plan of the building, and traces its architectural development very clearly.

[29] This chronology is indicated by internal evidence. It follows a very usual method of rebuilding, in which the aisles were first built outside the older nave, and the new nave begun when they were finished. Thus the old fabric was kept in use as long as possible.

[30] A large number of licences occur on the Edw. III. Pat. Rolls. Fourteen chantry priests are enumerated in Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (14–27); fifteen in Roll 37 (48 b-p).

[31] The licence for the foundation of Richard Willoughby’s chantry at Willoughby bears date 1324, 16 Nov. (Pat. 18 Edw. II. pt. 1, m. 8). See also Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (1); 37 (18).

[32] Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (43 c); 37 (106 a^2). In Roll 13 the altar is said to be of our Lady and St. Cuthbert. It seems to have been originally dedicated to our Lady of Grace.

[33] Licence bears date 1476, 24 Oct. (Pat. 16 Edw. IV. pt. 1, m. 6); Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (3); 37 (14).

[34] See Blagg, _Guide to Newark_, &c., p. 85, for the evidence. No licence exists.

[35] Licence bears date 1470, 13 Dec. (Pat. 49 Hen. VI. m. 16); Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (50); 37 (3).

[36] Licences of 1351, 6 Nov. (Pat. 25 Edw. III. pt. 3, m. 16) and 1356–57, 8 Feb. (Pat. 31 Edw. III. pt. 1, m. 25); Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (36, 37); 37 (71 a, b). See also Dugdale, vi. 1370.

[37] For the chantry here, see Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (4), 37 (25).

[38] “The master of the infirmary ought to have mass celebrated daily for the sick, either by himself or by some other person, should they in any wise be able to come into the chapel; but if not he ought to take his stool and missal and reverently at their bedsides make the memorials of the day, of the Holy Spirit, and of Our Lady; and if they cannot sing the canonical hours for themselves, he ought to sing them for them, and frequently in the spirit of gentleness repeat to them words of consolation, of patience, and of hope in God; read to them, for their consolation, lives of Saints; conceal from them all evil rumours; and in no wise distress them when they are resting” (Willis Clark, _Customs of the Augustinian Canons_, 205).

[39] _Narratives of the Reformation_, p. 35. (Camden Society.)

[40] These notes as to the haunting of the priory are taken from Mr. Whitworth’s memoranda.

[41] There seems to be no doubt that the relief of the county, except for the deep Vale of Trent, was then similar to what it is now, but it has been considerably lowered by denudation.

[42] Upon the wall of a house in Girton village there is the following record by G. Porter:--

Slit painted
. black.
^ +--------------------------+ .
| | |.
. | FEB. 14, 1795 .|
. +--------------------------+.......3 ft. above
. ^ | | level of
1 ft. 4 ins. | OCT. 24, 1875 | street.
. ^ v +--------------------------+
. | | |
. . | |
. 8½ ins. | |
. . | |
| | | NOV. 20, 1852 |
v v +--------------------------+
| |
| _When this you see |
| Pray think of me._ |
| G. P. |
+--------------------------+

[43] From account in a local journal, 1875.

[44] _The Nottingham Evening Post_, December 5, 1910.

[45] For further details on the above subject see articles by the author in the _Geographical Journal_ for May 1910, and the _Transactions of the Thoroton Society_ for 1910, from which the above article has been largely compiled. Other references may be found in the publications of the Geological Survey, in Wake’s _History of Collingham_, Brown’s _History of Newark_, Rastall’s (Dickinson) _History of the Antiquities of Newark_, Padley’s _Fens and Floods of Mid-Lincolnshire_, _The Victoria County History of Nottingham_, _The Nottingham Borough Records_, &c., &c.

[46] Cox’s _Royal Forests of England_, pp. 219–20.

[47] The inns and public-houses of Nottinghamshire of to-day reflect in a remarkable manner its former close connection with the forest and the chase, especially throughout the Sherwood Forest half of the county. There are three Red Harts (one of them absurdly corrupted into Red Heart), eleven White Harts, one White Hind, one Stag, two Horse and Stag, and two Horse and Pheasant. As to hounds, there are nine Greyhounds, three Talbots, and eight Foxhounds. The monarch trees of Sherwood Forest are commemorated in two Greendale Oaks, a Major Oak, a Parliament Oak, and twenty-two Royal Oaks. There are three Forest Taverns, one Forest Grove, a Foresters’ Arms, and two Royal Foresters. It is also worth while to note that there are twelve Robin Hoods, and two Robin Hood and Little Johns.

[48] Cox, _English Monasteries_, pp. 78–79.

[49] Between 1684 and 1689, Edward Mellish, proprietor of the confiscated estate of the Priory, built himself a pew in the north aisle, “cutting pier and capital and window in the most wanton manner, taking up one entire arch of the nave with his steps,” and “projecting his pew far in advance into the nave through another arch.” There is now no sign of this pew, but it would seem to have been identical with the “private gallery” referred to by Raine in 1860.

[50] Probably Rowland Hacker.

[51] On August 2 Welbeck had surrendered to the Earl of Manchester, who was marching south after the victory at Marston Moor.

[52] As Sidnaceaster was annexed by Offa to the short-lived Lichfield Archbishopric (787–803), the whole of Nottinghamshire must have belonged to that province during these years; but as under Ceolwulf the condition of affairs before 787 was restored, this does not affect the question.

[53] _A.S. Chron._ (ed. Earle and Plummer, p. 68).

[54] See _Thomas of York_, an essay by W. E. Hodgson.

[55] Vide _Trans. of Thoroton Society_, vol. i. (1897), p. 44, and _The Church Times_ (Jan. 11, 1900), p. 51.

[56] In my essay on Thomas II. of York, I have tried to outline the reasons which would induce Edgar to confirm the gift of his brother, and also the reasons the King would have for making the gift as valuable as possible in the eyes of the Archbishop (pp. 13, 14).

[57] The part of the charter which defines the boundaries of the land is written in Anglo-Saxon, and is obscure.

[58] Southwell was all one parish up to about sixty years ago.

[59] _Alcuin of York_, p. 82, _note_.

[60] Leach, _Memorials of Southwell Minster_, Introd. p. xxii.

[61] _Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops_: Edited by Canon Raine (Rolls Series), vol. ii. p. 353.

[62] _England under the Normans and Angevins_: H. W. C. Davis, p. 190.

[63] William of Newburgh, _Historia Rerum Anglicanum_, book ii. chap. 3. (In Chronicles of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I. Rolls Series.)

[64] The Visitation Charge of the Archdeacon of Nottingham, delivered at Southwell in May 1909.

[65] Mr. Francis Bond’s opinion, quoted in _Life of Thomas II._, by W. E. Hodgson, p. 86.

[66] _Ibid._, p. 87.

[67] Roger de Hoveden (_sub anno_ 1189).

[68] _Ibid._ (_sub anno_ 1190).

[69] Roger de Hoveden (_sub anno_ 1194).

[70] Quoted from the Rev. A. Dimock’s _Guide to Southwell Cathedral_, p. 91.

[71] Cavendish, _Life of Wolsey_ (Temple Classics, p. 181).

[72] _Memorials of Southwell Minster_, Introduction, p. lxviii.

[73] Dimock, _Guide to Southwell Cathedral_, p. 115.

[74] Dimock, _ibid._, p. 115.

[75] Livett, _An Account of the Cathedral Church of Southwell_, p. 33.

[76] Livett, _ibid._: Quotation from State Papers, 1604, Add. Ch. 15,241 Brit. Mus.

[77] The important MSS. in the Library, besides the White Book, consist of Chapter Decree Books, which start about the middle of the fifteenth century, and with some considerable number of years omitted, go down to 1840. There is also a book of leases and other documents.

[78] Quoted by Mr. Dimock, _op. cit._ p. 129.

[79] Dimock, _op. cit._ p. 124.

[80] “South Prospect of Nottingham, taken from Wilford Pasture beyond the Trent,” by Thomas Sandby, R.A., 1721–1798. Nottingham Castle Art Museum, Gallery F.

[81] “Be it had in mynd that the Towne of Maunsfeld Wodhouse was burned, the Saturdaye nexte afore the Fest of Exaltation of the holy Crosse, the yere of our Lord MCCCIIII., and the Kirke Stepull with the Bells of the same, _for the Stepull was afore of Tymber werke_: and part of the Kyrk was burned” (Thoroton, _Antiquities of Nottinghamshire_, p. 273).

[82] The church was destroyed by fire on 2nd July 1706.

[83] The Anglo-Saxon verb “getimbrade” (made of wood), became so familiar in the vernacular, that we find in documents the expression “to getimbrian a church of stone”--_i.e._, literally to make of wood a stone church. Nor was this altogether a misnomer, for the motif of the carpenter was adopted in the earlier attempts at masoncraft.

[84] The fine illustrations of Newark and Bingham are reproduced by permission of B. T. Batsford from Francis Bond’s _Gothic Architecture in England_.

[85] Whatton and Normanton-on-Soar are the only central steeples in the county. The remainder are all at the west end.

[86] The spire is shown with crockets in early pictures of Nottingham down to 1845, when for the first time it is represented as it now stands plus the pinnacles, portions of which lie in the churchyard at the base of the tower.

[87] An example can still be seen at Scarning church, Norfolk.

[88] “And he sall make a windowe on the same side, of two lightes, and a botras accordaunt thereto on the same side. And the forsaide Richarde sall make then a quere dore on wheder side of the botras that it will best be, and a windowe of two lightes anense the deskes.”--_Endenture Ecclesie de Catrik_ (Yorks), A.D. 1412.

[89] Tompion and Graham lie in Westminster Abbey as the fathers of English clockmaking, while Knibb was clockmaker to William III., and Quare was the inventor, among other things, of the repeating watch.

[90] In the case of the late Mr. Harston, the organ builder, this process was reversed. Being apprenticed to a clock and organ maker, he left the clock trade for that of the piano and organ, and founded the business so successfully carried on at present by his son.

Transcriber’s Notes:

1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.

2. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.

3. Italics are shown as _xxx_.

4. Bold print is shown as =xxx=.

5. Superscripts are represented using the caret character, e.g. D^r.
or X^{xx}.