Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus: Catalogue No. 40

Chapter II: Part 2

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44. =The same stand= with prism-tube No. 49 for erected
image. Objectives 1*, 2, 3, magnifying 18, 40 and 80
diam. =47.25=

45. =Simple Dissecting Microscope=, with adjustment by
rack and pinion, movable plane mirror and white glass
plate, glass stage in metal frame. Metal hand-rests
covered with leather fit inside the case. Stand without
lenses =8.--=

46. =The same= with two aplanatic lenses after
Steinheil, Magnification 10 and 20 diam. =16.--=

47. =The same stand= with prism-tube No. 49, for erected
image; with objectives 2 and 3, magnifying 40 and 80
diam. =36.--=

=The Dissecting microscope with erected image according to Prof. R. Pfeiffer= has been constructed in such a way that all parts extending on both sides can be folded or turned, so that the instrument fits in a very small case.

The base consists of two parts which may be folded. The stage can be brought in a position vertical to the optical axis and the metal hand rests laid on top of the stage. They are connected with the latter by joints. The mirror can also be turned and put parallel to the pillar.

A round glassplate is set in the stage, below which is an iris diaphragm to properly regulate the illumination.

The adjustment is by rack and pinion.

Two rightangle prisms are mounted inside the tube in such a manner that the image obtained by the objective is reflected into the eye-piece and appears erected.

The eye-piece is of the Ramsden form. Three objectives of different magnifying power with specially long working-distances have been constructed Nos. 1, 2, 3.

The following table shows the magnification of the
objectives in connection with the eye-piece.

Objective 1 2 3
Magnification 18 40 80 diam.
Working distance 58 mm 18 mm 6 mm

Prices:

48. Folding dissecting microscope, stand only =24.--=

49. Upper part of the microscope, consisting of tube
with prisms, and one eye-piece =16.--=

50. Objectives 1, 2, 3, a $ 6,00 =18.--=
---------
51. Stand with complete outfit =58.--=

The instrument is furnished in a mahogany case with
nickelplated handle, lock and key.

52. =Lens-holder= on iron foot with moveable arms, the
joints of which may be fixed by thumb-screws, rack and
pinion adjustment--without lens =7.20=

53. =Lens-holder=, nickel-plated stand with attachment
of the collar holding the lens by ball and socket joint =4.--=

54. =Lens-holder= on heavy iron foot, ball and socket
joints, adjustable to any position--without lens =3.25=

55. =Pocket microscope.= The size of an eye-piece, in box =3.25=

56. =Lens= for examining Algae =1.25=

57. =Dissecting Stage= with white glass plate and moveable
lens-holder--without lens =2.--=

58. The same with lens No. 71 =3.25=

58a. =Simple Dissecting Microscope=, consisting of a
wood case with plate glass stage, movable plane mirror,
two simple lenses of 4 and 8 times magnification. Price =2.--=

58b. =The same= with metal hand rests, moveable lens-holder
and doublet magnifier No. 71, Price =3.50=

59. =Demonstration lens-holder=, consisting of a
hardrubber stage with handle, clamps for holding the
preparation in position, and with a moveable lens-
holder. Without lens =2.40=

60. =Focussing lens= for photographic camera. Lens in
spring-sleeve with clamping ring =4.75=

61. =Handle= with ring for holding lens =1.25=

The =aplanatic triplets after Steinheil= are remarkable
for their large, flat field and excellent definition,
free from chromatic aberration.

Diameter Visual field Magnification

62. 24 mm 20 mm 8 diam. =4.--=

63. 15 " 15 " 10 " =4.--=

64. 12 " 12 " 12 " =4.--=

65. 10 " 10 " 16 " =4.--=

66. 6 " 3,5 " 20 " =4.--=

67. 5 " 2 " 30 " =4.--=

68. 3 " 1 " 40 " =4.--=

The =achromatic doublets= have a very large, clear and
flat field.

69. 30 mm 35 mm 5 diam. =4.--=

70. 23 " 20 " 8 " =3.25=

=Doublet magnifier=, consisting of two double convex
lenses.

71. 23 mm 25 mm 6 diam. =1.25=

The doublet No. 69 can only be used as a hand lens. The
mounting of all the other lenses is such that they fit
any of the dissecting stands or lens holders. Aplanatic
triplets 64-68 can only be used on stands with rack and
pinion adjustment.

72. The aplanatic lenses Nos. 62-66 are also to be had
with a moveable cover and ring adapting them for use as
pocket lenses.

Price, when thus mounted =4.75=

73. =The Binocular Preparation Microscope=, after the
model of Eilhard Schulze permits the convenient use of
both eyes in dissecting small anatomical and botanical
preparations. It consists of two Brücke lenses, adjusted
to an accurate focus.

Both tubes are moveable on a joint and are adjustable to
various distances between the observers eyes. The
distance of the eye from the preparation is about 250
millimetres; the field of vision is large and flat; the
magnification, four diameters; lenses are adjustable to
either vertical or horizontal position and may be raised
and lowered on the vertical support, thumb-screws fixing
them in the desired position. A rack and pinion serves
as fine adjustment =24.--=

74. =Greenough's Stereoscopic Binocular Microscope.=
Two microscope tubes are so arranged as to bring the
same object into focus in the axis of each tube, the
tubes being set at an angle to each other for this
purpose. The stand is provided with rack and pinion
adjustment and both draw-tubes are also regulated by a
rack and pinion arrangement, so that they may be adapted
to the correct distance of the observers eyes.

By interposition of prisms the image is rendered erect.
Magnification, 20 diam. Price =80.--=

74a. =Corneal-Microscope=, is designed for the examination of
the interior of the eye.

=Prismtube= No. 49 with eye-piece =16.--=

=Objective= of low power permitting 2 degrees of
magnification =6.--=

=Stand= on heavy base, with rack and pinion adjustment
etc. =8.--=
-------
=30.--=

=Apparatus for Blood Examinations.=

75. =The Micro-Spectroscope= fits into the tube of the
microscope like any ordinary eye-piece and may be fixed
in any desired position by means of the thumb-screw M.
The position of the bright and dark lines of the
spectrum and their respective wave lengths are
ascertained by means of a scale. The flat drum A, the
interior of which is shown in section, contains the slit
and the comparison prism. The slit is regulated by the
screws F and H. The lever T moves the comparison prism
across one half of the slit. The cylinder Q above the
eye-piece contains the Amici prism. At the point N of
the horizontal tube RN is the micrometer scale,
illuminated by the mirror O. After raising the spring-
catch L the upper part of the spectroscope may be turned
round the pivot K, thus allowing of the adjustment of
the eye-piece =66.--=

(A full description accompanies each instrument.)

76. =Hand-Spectroscope=, Browning's, for spectroscopic examination
of the blood =12.--=

76a. =Hand-Spectroscope= with comparison prism, mirror,
and holder for vials =16.--=

77. =Thoma's Haemacytometer= consists of an object glass
with carefully constructed cell, a ground absolutely
plane coverglass and two pipettes for mixing the blood
and saline solution used in the examinations. One of
these pipettes, for estimating the number of red
corpuscles is so graduated as to permit dilution of the
blood 100 or 200 times as required; the other, for
counting the white corpuscles (leucocytes), is graduated
for dilution of the blood 10 or 20 times.

The volume contents of the pipettes are most carefully
determined and the depth of the cell is established by
accurate micrometric measurement, thus permitting very
exact observations by means of this instrument.

(A full description with each instrument) =14.50=

78. =Mixing-Pipette for white corpuscles= =3.60=

79. =Mixing-Pipette for red corpuscles= =3.60=

80. =Thoma counting chamber, with coverglass= =5.75=

81. =Türck counting chamber with coverglass= =7.25=

82. =Ehrlich's Eye-piece= is provided with a diaphragm
having a square opening, the size of which is regulated
by a small lever.

This eye-piece is designed to facilitate the estimation
of the relative numbers of red and white blood
corpuscles in dry preparations.

Full directions accompany each instrument =12.--=

82a. =Apparatus= for the clinical determination of the
alcalinity of the blood, after Prof. C. S. Engel.

The following parts compose the apparatus:

1) a capillary pipette so graduated as to permit the
dilution of 0,05 cc. blood from the finger, up to 5 cc.
with distilled water.

2) a beaker, for the reception of the diluted blood.

3) a burette mounted on stand, capacity 10 cc. Full
directions accompany each outfit. Price in box =8.--=

=Micrometers.=

83. =Screw-micrometer eye-piece= for accurate
measurement of large objects. Between the eye lens and
the collecting lens of a Huyghenian ocular there is a
millimeter scale etched on glass, above which is a
moveable indicator whose position is controlled by a
micrometer screw to which a graduated drum is attached.
The value of each graduation on the drum (about 1/20 of
the micrometer value of the objective) must be
determined for each combination of ocular and objective
by means of the stage micrometer. The eye lens of the
ocular is moveable to permit accurate focus upon the
scale. The apparatus slips into the tube of the
microscope like any ordinary eye-piece and is fixed in
position by a thumb-screw at the side =20.--=

84. =Micrometer eye-piece.= The mount unscrews in the
centre to permit the introduction of the micrometer
scale. The eye lens is moveable to permit of accurate
focus on the scale =4.--=

85. =Glass-Micrometer for the eye-piece=, to drop on the
diaphragm of the eye-piece. Scale of 5 mm divided into
100 parts =2.50=

86. =The same=, 10 mm divided into 100 parts =2.--=

87. =Stage-Micrometer=, 1 mm divided into 100 parts
etched on glass =3.75=

88. =Stage-Micrometer=, photographed on glass, 2 mm
divided into 200 parts =1.40=

89. =Eye-piece Micrometer=, divided into squares for
counting scattered objects in the field. Mounted.
Distance between the lines 0,5 mm =2.--=

90. =Glass slide with cell= 2/10 mm deep, with ocular
micrometer No. 89, in box =3.25=

91. =Glass slide with cell= the floor of which is
divided into squares, 1/400 square mm each, in box =4.--=

=Drawing Apparatus.=

The two following =drawing eye-pieces= Nos. 92 and 93,
have quickly found favor among those having frequent
occasion to make drawings from microscopic preparations
and are now largely used in educational institutions as
an aid to students in the study of their specimens. In
both eye-pieces the prism is so adjusted as to
accomplish total reflection of the image, thus doing
away with loss of light and with secondary reflections,
such disturbing features of those forms of drawing
apparatus of which a mirror forms an essential part.

92. This =drawing eye-piece= is employed with the stand
in the vertical position. The reflected image lies at
the side of the microscope, the rays passing off at an
acute angle from the reflecting prism near the top of
the eye-piece. The eye-piece slips into the tube of the
microscope like any ordinary eye-piece and is held in
position by a thumb-screw. The drawing field is at once
visible without further adjustment, and the picture is
clear and sharp. The brightness of the drawing field may
be regulated by smoked glass plates mounted in two
moveable metal arms =8.--=

93. This =drawing eye-piece= is similar in construction
to that just described, but is so arranged as to throw
the image vertically downwards behind the microscope
when the latter is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees.
In this case also the picture reflected is clear and
sharp, devoid of all disturbing secondary images. As the
image is reflected vertically downwards upon the table,
no special drawing stand is necessary as there is no
distortion of the picture. The intensity of the light
may be modified by smoked glass plates mounted in two
moveable metal arms =10.--=

For a description of these drawing eye-pieces and of the
principles involved in their construction reference may
be had to the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche
Mikroskopie, XII, 1895.

94. In =Abbe's Drawing Apparatus= the drawing field is
reflected by a mirror at the side of the instrument and
by a prism which fits over the eye-piece of the
microscope. The prism is supported on a vertical hinge
so that it may be readily turned out of the axis of the
microscope without disconnecting the whole apparatus
from the stand. It is shown turned to the side in the
figure. A cylindrical cap accompanies the apparatus
which fits over the prism holder and has six lateral
windows in which are smoked glasses of various
intensity, serving to regulate the lightness of the
reflected drawing field =12.--=

The =Drawing boards= serve two purposes. They afford a
smooth plane surface for the drawing paper and they are
so arranged that they may be inclined at such an angle
as to receive the rays of the reflected image at right
angle to their surface, thus doing away with any
distortion of the image on the paper.

95. This =drawing board= is especially adapted for use
with drawing eye-piece No. 92. When in the position
indicated in the figure its drawing surface forms an
angle of 12° to the horizontal =2.--=

96. In =Giesenhagen's drawing board= the drawing surface
may be adjusted at various angles and may be raised and
lowered =4.--=

For drawing eye-piece No. 93 and the Abbe drawing
apparatus the surface of the drawing board should be
horizontal.

97. The =drawing apparatus= after v. Tubeuf serves for
drawing objects from nature. By means of a prism mounted
in a metal box, the object is reflected into the eye in
such a manner that its image appears erected on the
drawing surface. This is quite an advantage when drawing
from nature but is unimportant when using a drawing
apparatus on the microscope. Two smoked glasses mounted
in moveable metal arms serve to moderate the intensity
of the light. On the side of the prism nearest the eye
is a small wheel diaphragm attached to regulate the size
of the opening. The apparatus is mounted on a heavy
nickel-plated stand with vertical and lateral
adjustments controlled by thumb-screws =12.--=

=Mechanical Stages.=

98. =Mechanical stage= adapted to Stands I, Ia and Ib.
The stage is readily attached to the microscope by means
of a small screw, _C_, which screws into a thread in the
microscope just behind its stage, and binds the
mechanical stage firmly in position and always in the
same position. It may be again removed by simply
unscrewing this set screw.

The movements of the stage are at right angles to one
another, are accomplished by carefully constructed rack
and pinion adjustments and the exact position of each
adjustment is indicated by vernier scales. The extent of
the lateral movement is 50 mm; that of the other 30 mm.

This stage permits the careful and systematic
examination of large specimens and its construction is
so perfect that by means of the vernier scales the most
minute objects may be readily replaced in the field of
vision, even after removal and readjustment of the
stage, provided only that their location when in the
field of vision as indicated by the scales had been
noted =28.--=

99. =Large mechanical stage= for stand, _A_, adapted for
slides 50×100 mm; both movements by rack and pinion
adjustments =32.--=

100. =Mechanical Stage No. 100.= When a mechanical stage
is ordered subsequently to a microscope outfit and under
such circumstances that its correct adjustment to the
stand by a skillful mechanic is impossible we advise the
purchase of this more readily adjusted mechanical stage,
which may readily be attached to Stands I, Ia, Ib, IIa
and IIb by means of a thumb-screw. It is as carefully
constructed as Mechanical Stage No. 98 and serves the
same purpose in every particular =28.--=

100a. =New Mechanical stage=, simplified form =20.--=

101. =Warm stage= after Schultze. This consists of a
metal stage to which long lateral arms are attached,
through which the heat from one or more small lamps is
conducted to the central part of the stage and the
object. The apparatus is also provided with a condenser,
which affords illumination sufficient for the use of
high power objectives, and with a thermometer indicating
the exact temperature of the centre of the stage, which
may be carried as high as 100° C. =12.--=

102. =Warm stage= after Pfeiffer. It consists of a glass
chamber through which warm water may be made to flow. A
small cell is ground in its surface thus permitting its
use as a moist chamber =6.--=

103. =Warm stage= after Stricker. This stage consists of
a metal chamber, through which warm water is made to
flow when in use, and is provided also with a condenser
and thermometer. It may be screwed firmly to any of the
square microscope stages =14.--=

104. =Warm stage= after Errera, permitting rapid changes
from low to high temperature and vice-versa.

It includes 2 vessels for cold and hot water, mounted on
tripods, with rubber-tubing etc. =24.--=

=Photo-micrographic Apparatus.=

The method of employing this apparatus and the general technique of photo-micrography are treated of in a separate pamphlet containing also four photo-micrographs taken with this apparatus.

This little work is furnished with each apparatus.

105. =The Photo-micrographic Apparatus= consists of a
heavy iron foot supporting a stout column in which
another iron support moves vertically. This latter holds
the camera and may be firmly fixed at any height by
means of a thumb-screw. This permits the accurate
adjustment of the camera to microscope stands of various
sizes. The length of the camera is also adjustable by
means of a thumb-screw sliding in the upright support.
Regulation of the field of the camera is accomplished by
a revolving disc diaphragm with openings of five
different sizes situated in the neck of the camera. Two
simple plate-holders for plates 9×12 and 13×18 cm are
supplied with each camera, as are also a ground glass
plate and clear glass plate in the frame of the camera
serve to catch the picture in the plane of the
photographic plate, and a simple lens aids in obtaining
a correct focus of the image. A white glass plate,
mounted on a stand is of use in diffusing direct
sunlight so as to make it available for photographic
purposes, and three discs of yellow, blue and green
glass are provided which may be inserted over the iris-
diaphragm of the condenser when colored light is
required.

It is of great advantage to interpose an illuminating
lens between the source of light and the mirror, thereby
condensing the light-rays, giving a uniform illumination
and preventing the heating up of the entire stand, which
is a disturbing factor in retaining the focus. The
illuminating lens also serves to lessen the time of
exposure.

This photo-micrographic apparatus is also available when
it is desired to photograph gross specimens as, for
example, embryos, insects, etc., by reflected light, as
is represented in the figure on p. 86. The photographic
objective of 64 mm focal distance, is best adapted to
this purpose. It fits in a collar in the neck of the
camera and yields a magnified image of about 3
diameters. The object is brought into proper focus by
means of a small stand, the table of which may be raised
or lowered as required.

Price of the apparatus without microscope stand =40.--=

106. =Small stand for supporting specimens= to be
photographed by reflected light as mentioned above =4.75=

107. =Welsbach lamp= with reflector =6.--=

108. =Illuminating lens= of 100 mm diam. on stand =12.--=

109. =Photo-micrographic apparatus=, for use in
horizontal and vertical position. It is in construction
similar to the foregoing, but is provided with joint for
inclination and clamping lever, and can be used at any
angle.

Large size bellows and plateholder, for plates up to
24×24 cm. Moveable platform with three leveling screws
and clamping-bar for holding stand. Price of the
apparatus, with 2 simple plate-holders, ground and plain
glass plate, etc., without microscope stand =60.--=

=Edinger's Projection Apparatus.=

110. =Edinger's Projection Apparatus=--For projecting
and drawing large objects slightly magnified. (Cf.
Zeitschrift für wissensch. Mikroskopie. VIII. 1891.)

A polished wooden base, in which a lime wood drawing
tablet is inlaid, supports a wooden stand which in turn
holds a horizontal metal tube in which are a collecting
lens and a reflecting mirror. The upright also carries,
two arms, by rack and pinion adjustment, the one
supporting the object stage, the other regulating the
length of the camera. On the other side of the upright
is a support for a lamp. The rays of this lamp are
converged by the collecting lens upon the mirror, are
reflected downward to the object and through the
objective to the drawing board below. The various
adjustments permit considerable variation of
magnification with the same objective.

Price, including lamp =18.--=

For photographic purposes this same apparatus may be had
with Nieser's photographic camera, plate holders,
focussing plate etc.

111. =Edinger's Projection Apparatus with Camera= for
plates 9×12 cm and 13×18 cm =38.--=

112. =Larger Projection Apparatus with Camera= for
plates 9×12, 13×18, 18×24 and 24×30 cm =56.--=

The following Objectives of 24, 35, 42 and 64 mm focal
distance respectively may be used in connection with
this apparatus for photographic purposes.

113. } { of 24 mm focal distance =18.--= 114. } =Photographic Objectives { " 35 " " " =18.--= 115. } with Iris diaphragms= { " 42 " " " =18.--= 116. } { " 64 " " " =20.--=

The following table shows the size of the preparation
which may be resolved by each one of these objectives
and the magnification with the smaller and with the
larger Edinger Projection Apparatus.

The time required for exposure in photographing with this apparatus is from 5 to 20 seconds according to the magnification and character of the specimen.

The following figure shows a further use for the Objective of 64 mm focal distance in connection with the photomicrographic apparatus (page 82).

=Large Projection Apparatus.=

In this projection apparatus an electric projection lamp is made use of, the lamp being available for electric currents of 20 Ampères and about 48 Volts. To regulate the current a rheostat is necessary. When using constant current the carbons should stand at an angle in order to utilize to best advantage the stronger light of the positive (upper) carbon. For spectroscopic projections the carbons of the lamp have to be in vertical position.

Connected with the lamp is a triple condenser of 150 mm aperture. The latter should be protected from the heat-rays by a large mica-plate which is furnished with the apparatus.

Various devices permit very accurate adjustment of the lamp and condenser. For example, two thumb-screws control the position of the carbons of the lamp so that the luminous point may be readily brought into the exact optical axis of the condenser. Again, the two inner lenses of the condenser are moveable and are controlled by two knobs conveniently situated as shown in the illustration.

By this adjustment of the lenses of the condenser it is possible to do away with disturbing chromatic aberration. The rays of light leave the condenser in moderate convergence.

For direct projection from the preparation the apparatus consists of the optical bench upon which are mounted the various accessories in proper succession (Fig. p. 88):

1. A large cooling cell, which is to be filled with water or alum solution.

2. The bellows with tube. This is connected with the cooling cell by means of a metal ring which slips over the end of the cell and is held in place by a screw. The metal ring is attached to one end of the bellows, while the other end carries a large tube.

3. The microscope condensers and diaphragm holder. A larger tube fits over the tube of the bellows and carries on a revolving arm the cylinder diaphragm and the two condensers. For low power objectives Nos. 1-3, the cylinder diaphragm and the condenser of longer focus have to be used. The latter at the same time serves as the objective for lantern slide projection.

The other condenser is especially needed when high powers are employed (Objectives 4 to 6). A small rack and pinion arrangement serves for the adjustment of condenser and diaphragm.

4. The object stage and small cooler. The stage has connected with it a second cooling cell on which the preparation rests. This arrangement permits prolonged use of the condenser and the greatest intensity of light without burning the most delicate specimens. The adjustment of the object is accomplished by means of an arrangement which permits any particular point to be brought accurately into the field.

5. The objective carrier is provided with a nose-piece for three objectives, with a broad projection tube, having an Iris diaphragm for the purpose of narrowing the aperture, and with a narrow tube which screws into the broad one, in case it is desired to use oculars in making the projection. The adjustments of the objectives are accomplished by rack and pinion and by micrometer screw.

In order to change readily from microscopic to lantern-slide projection, the parts 4 and 5 have been provided with hinges, by means of which they can be thrown to one side after loosening a lever (see illustration below).

6. Wooden cover with cloth curtain which fits over the diaphragm carrier, the stage and the objectives, to shut off any light which may escape at the sides.

For the projection of large preparations of from 8-35 mm diameter our photographic objectives of 24, 35, 42 and 64 mm focal distance are best adapted (p. 86). In connection with these low powers the large tube only should be used.

With this projection apparatus the powers of microscope objectives till number 6 may be well employed.

The picture, even when the highest powers are made use of, and the screen is at a distance of twelve feet from the apparatus, is of sufficient clearness and brightness to be available for demonstration to a large audience.

For the projection of lantern slides or of large section of tissue following parts of the apparatus are required: Lamp, condenser, cooler and bellows are the same as in the above described apparatus.

The stage and objective carrier are swung to one side.

The special-projection lens of 300 mm focal distance is to be used.

A slide carrier slips into the frame of the bellows, which is sufficiently large to accommodate lantern slides 9×10 and 9×12 cm in size. The slide carrier has a stop at both ends which facilitates its adjustment in the axis of the instrument, and is arranged for the simultaneous reception of two slides, so that while one is being projected it may be charged with a second which may then without delay be pushed into the optical axis as the first is removed. In this way series of pictures may be thrown on the screen without interruption.

When so arranged the projection can be made upon a screen 30 feet from the apparatus, over the heads of an audience.

Prices:

117. =Projection-lamp= for current of 20 Ampères, with
centering arrangement =92.--=

=Fixed rheostat= =30.--=

(The same, adjustable =$45.--=.)

Lamp and rheostat are furnished at factory prices. In
ordering it is well to state the strength of the
available electric current, also whether it is constant
or alternating.

=Outfit for projection of lantern slides:=

Metal-base with optical bench, triple collecting lens
(adjustable) of 150 mm aperture; large cooling cell;
slide carrier with bellows; triple revolving arm, with
rack and pinion adjustment =108.--=

Projection objective of 300 mm focal length =20.--=

(A second objective of same focal length may be slipped
over the former, the two combined represent an objective
of 150 mm focus. Additional price =$20.--=.)

=Outfit for microscopical projections:=

Cylinder-diaphragm and condenser; objectstage and small
cooler with moveable slide-holder. Objective carrier
with triple nose-piece: rack and pinion adjustment and
micrometer-screw. Broad tube with Iris-diaphragm into
which the smaller draw-tube fits. Two projection eye-
pieces.

Object-stage and objective carrier are provided with
hinges. Wooden cover with cloth curtain =84.--=
Transport =250.--=
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Complete outfit =334.--=

118. =Megascope=, apparatus for the projection of opaque
objects; special offers will be made on application.

119. =Attachment for spectroscopic examinations=, to be
used on the optical bench and in connection with the
lamp of the projection apparatus No. 117. Slit
mechanism, large triple prism, object-stage =80.--=

120. =Large projection apparatus=, of special design
with latest improvements, for lantern slides size 13×18
cm, for micro-projection, and megascope attachment.
Special offers for this apparatus will be made on
application.

(In ordering it is necessary to state the voltage of
the available electric current, also whether it is
direct or alternating.)

121. =Trichinoscope.= Simple electric lamp (hand feed)
of 20 Ampère, mounted on adjustable stand, encased in
Russian iron box, double collecting lens (adjustable) of
120 mm Aperture, with condensing lens.

Mechanical stage for glass compressors, with movements
at right angles to each other, cooling cell for the
preparation with a continual flow of cold water.
Objective carrier with micrometer screw, wide tube with
Iris diaphragm =120.--=

Projection objective of 35 mm focus, aperture f:3,5,
with Iris diaphragm =18.--=
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=138.--=

=Microtomes.=

Our larger microtomes are heavy and all their adjustments are of the most accurate construction, the result being that they are very steady when in use and permit the cutting of very thin and uniform sections.

They are to be had in three different sizes. The larger two are slightly different in construction from the third. The two former microtomes are provided with an automatic feed attachement. A heavy knife-carrier slides smoothly and rapidly on a horizontal track and is so arranged that it may be manipulated by the hand of the operator alone or by a wheel and chain device, which tends to assure a perfectly uniform stroke of the knife.

The objectclamp is raised vertically by a micrometer screw. This motion is accomplished by turning a large disc having teeth cut into its periphery and a turn of one tooth being equal to an elevation of 0.0025 mm.

The automatic feed is arranged as follows: With each return of the knife-carrier to the end of its track pressure is made upon an adjustable lever which regulates the motion of the micrometer wheel. This device may be so adjusted as to move the micrometer disc any number of teeth from one to ten with each sweep of the knife.

Three different forms of clamps may be had for these microtomes, and freezing apparatus as well as paraffin tables can also be fitted.

The Fixed clamp, No. 128, represented in the figure of the large sliding microtome, serves to clamp the specimen in position and does not allow any further adjustment.

The Ball and Socket clamp permits the adjustments of the specimen after it is held in the clamp by means of a ball and socket joint--see figure of No. 129--a set-screw then holds it firmly in position.

The Naples clamp permits the accurate adjustment of the specimen at any level, the clamp being supported on two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, the one controlled by rack and pinion, the other by endless screw.

The knife-carrier is arranged to hold the Thoma form knives, which are fastened by means of a wing-screw. Other knives require a special holder, such as No. 139.

122. =The Large Sliding Microtome= has a track 42 cm
long. Its price with automatic feed attachement, wheel
and chain arrangement for the knife carrier, and fixed
clamp, without knife =62.--=

123. =The same=, with knife holder for Jung microtome
knives =66.--=

124. =The same=, but without the wheel and chain
arrangement for the knife carrier =50.--=

125. =Medium size Sliding Microtome=--Track 32 cm long;
automatic feed attachement; wheel and chain motion of
knife carrier and fixed specimen clamp--without knife =56.--=

126. =The same=, with knife holder for Jung microtome
knives =60.--=

127. =The same=, but without wheel and chain motion =44.--=

128. =Fixed Specimen Clamp= =4.--=

129. =Ball and Socket Clamp= =6.--=

130. =Naples Clamp= =12.--=

131. =The Support-Microtome= has a track 19 cm long. The
knife-carrier slides on a double flanged support and is
moved by means of a large knob. The motion is smooth and
quick. The specimen is held in a clamp supported on two
adjustable axes at right angles to each other, thus
permitting its adjustment in any position. The specimen
carrier is moved vertically by means of a micrometer
screw to which a large disc is attached. This disc is
graduated, each degree representing a motion of the
specimen carrier of 0,005 mm. The price of this
microtome with knifeholder No. 139, without box or knife
is =34.--=

131a. =Small Sliding Microtome=, length of bed 21 cm,
heavy knife-carrier, object clamp for specimen 25 mm
diam., micrometer screw with disc graduated into 100
degrees, each division representing a motion of 0,005
mm. Price including knifeholder No. 139, without knife =24.--=

=Microtome knives.=
(Made by W. Walb.)

=A. Thoma's Model=, plano-concave, with handle adapted
for clamping immediately to the knife carrier of the
microtome, in box.

132. Length of cutting edge 36 cm =26.50=

133. " " " " 24 cm =13.25=

134. " " " " 16 cm =8.50=

135. " " " " 12 cm =5.50=

=B. Jung's Model=--plano-concave--requires knife-holder
No. 139--in box.

136. Length of cutting edge 24 cm =11.25=

137. " " " " 17 cm =6.--=

138. " " " " 12 cm =4.75=

139. =Knife-holder= designed for Jung's Microtome knife =4.--=

140. =Freezing apparatus= for Microtomes =8.--=

=Hand Microtomes.=

141. This =Hand Microtome=, shown in the figure above,
screws to the edge of the table. The specimen is held in
a clamp which may be removed from the instrument, and
which is raised by a micrometer screw to which a large
disc is attached, the edge of which is milled and
graduated, each degree of the graduation representing an
elevation of the specimen of 1/100 mm. The knife is
manipulated by hand and in cutting slides over two
narrow glass plates which serve as a track for it. The
length of this track is 7 cm =12.--=

142. =Cylinder Microtome.= The specimen is held by means
of a clamp-screw in a hollow cylinder. This entire
cylinder is raised within another cylinder which bears
the cutting table by means of a screw with milled and
graduated head. Each division of the graduation
represents a motion of the inner cylinder of 1/100 mm.
In cutting the edge of the knife is made to pass over
the surface of the glass cutting table, the diameter of
which is 7 cm =6.--=

143. =Microscopic section-cutter=--razor form--of best
quality, plano-concave, for microtomes No. 141 and 142 =1.25=

=Miscellaneous Accessories.=

144. =Polarizing Apparatus= for Food Analysis.

The analizer forms part of an ocular which fits into the
tube of the microscope and is provided with a graduated
disc and index. It is fixed in any desired position by
means of a thumb-screw.

The polarizer, when used in connection with stands
fitted with a substage condenser and iris-diaphragm, is
hung in the carrier of the iris diaphragm; when used on
other stands it takes the place of the cylinder
diaphragm, and if desired may be furnished with a
condenser. Price =22.--=

145. =Simpler Polarizing Apparatus.= The analizer is
without an ocular and has no graduated disc. The
polarizer is as described above =14.--=

146. =Gypsum= and =Mica plates= set of 8 =6.--=

147. =Coverglass Tester=, for measuring the thickness of
coverglasses =3.75=

147a. =Coverglass gauge=, dial form, for the rapid and
accurate measuring of coverglasses, thin plates etc. A
slight pressure on a lever opens a pair of steel clips.
The exact thickness is at once indicated by a pointer
moving over a divided circle on the lid of a metal box.
The gauge measures 0,01 up to 5 mm =12.--=

148. =Nose-piece= for two objectives--Double nose-piece =6.--=

149. =Nose-piece= for three objectives--Triple nose-piece =8.--=

150. =Nose-piece= for four objectives--Quadruple nose-piece =10.--=

Nose-pieces can be adjusted to our stands at any time
without charge.

151. =Iris-diaphragm= =6.--=

152. =Illuminating Lens on stand=, 100 mm diameter =12.--=

153. =Illuminating Lens on stand=, 60 mm diameter =8.--=

154. =Glass slides=, hollow, per doz =--.75=

155. =Glass slides=, English form 3×1", of plate-glass
with polished edges, per gross =1.--=

156. =Glass slides=, with well, for moist chambers =--.40=

157. =Cover-glasses=, squares, 15×15 mm, per 100 =--.60=

158. =Cover-glasses=, squares, 20×20 mm, per 100 =--.85=

159. =Cover-glasses=, circles, 15 mm diameter, per 100 =--.85=

160. =Cover-glasses=, circles, 20 mm diameter, per 100 =1.--=

161. =Turn-table=, for ringing, with adjustable slide clips =4.--=

162. =Thickened Cedar Oil= for oil-immersion lenses, 1 oz =--.40=

163. =Object Marker.= This is designed to indicate the
exact portion of an object which has been seen in the
field of the microscope. After finding the required
field, the objective of the microscope is unscrewed and
the marker is screwed into the tube in its place. By
then moving the tube so that the marker comes in contact
with the object that portion of the object which
occupied the optical axis of the microscope is indicated =1.25=

164. =Object Marker= with diamond point, by means of
which the object can be marked by drawing a circle =4.--=

165. =Demonstration Ocular= of Kuznitzky (Cf. Zeitschr. f.
wissensch. Mikroskopie, XIII, 1896).--Indicates any
particular portion of the image to which it is desired
to draw particular attention.

A small lever at the top of the ocular moves an
indicator just above the diaphragm of the ocular to any
part of the field =3.25=

166. =Opaque Illuminator=, for illuminating polished
pieces of metal whose structure is to be investigated by
means of high power objectives--A collar, carrying a
prism, screws into the tube of the microscope, and by
means of the prism sufficient light is thrown through
the objective upon the otherwise opaque object to permit
of its examination up to 1000 diameters magnification =6.--=

167. =Erecting Prism=--This is fastened over the ocular
and erects the image received from the compound
microscope, thereby materially assisting any dissection
or other operation on the stage of the microscope =7.25=

168. =Microscope= for the accurate reading of
thermometer scales, after Fridtjof Nansen.

Stand with spring-clamp to attach thermometers of
various sizes. With micrometer ocular and objective
magnifying 12 times =20.--=

169. =Saccharimeter=, Mitscherlich's (improved form),
for determining the amount of sugar contained in
liquids, glucose etc. by measuring the angle of
rotation. Tube with concave mirror on stand, graduated
scale with vernier and lens for reading one-tenth of a
degree of rotation.

The rotation of the Nicol prism with the vernier is
performed by means of an endless screw. The adjustment
is accomplished as soon as the two squares of the
divided quartz-plate show the same color. Two tubes of
100 and 200 mm length, for the liquid to be examined,
are supplied with the apparatus. Should the rotation of
the substance examined be excessive, it is necessary to
use sodium light for illumination =52.--=

=Microscopical cases.=

170. =Case=, containing a razor, spatula, two small
knives, straight and curved scissors, forceps, two
needles, two lancet-shaped needles =5.50=

171. =Case=, containing a razor, spatula, a small knife,
two needles, small scissors, and forceps =4.--=

172. =Case=, containing a small knife, small scissors,
forceps and two needles =2.50=

173. =Botanical Outfit= in case, containing a small
knife, forceps, self-closing forceps with horn handle,
two scissors, two needles and two lenses =5.50=

174. =Outfit for Sputum Examinations=, after Kaatzer,
consisting of a platinum needle, blower, cover-glass
forceps, and a small rubber plate =4.75=

175. =Leather Microscope case= to protect the mahogany
case when travelling =8.--=

176. =Leather case= to protect the mahogany cases of
larger size instruments =12.--=

177. =Bell jar= for covering microscope =2.--=

Any of the following publications will be sent on application:

1. Catalogue of microscopes etc., which has been issued in three editions, viz. in

a) English,

b) German and

c) French.

2. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Microscops.

3. Instructions pour l'emploi des microscopes.

4. Directions for using the Microscope.

5. On the method of counting red and white corpuscles with Thoma's Apparatus.

6. Instructions pour l'emploi de l'hématimètre de Thoma.

7. Anleitung zur Mikrophotographie, mit vier Mikrophotogrammen.

8. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Mikrospectroskops.

9. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Oculars nach Ehrlich.

10. Description de l'oculaire d'Ehrlich.

11. Direction for using Ehrlich's eye-piece.

12. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des grossen Projectionsapparates.

13. Anleitung zum Gebrauch des Saccharimeters.

=Index.=

Page
=A.=

Achromatic Objectives 12
Adjusting screw 49
Adjustment, coarse, fine 17, 18
Apertures 10
Aplanatic Lenses 67
Apochromatic Lenses 14
Apparatus for Blood Examinations 70

=B.=

Binocular Preparation Microscope 68
Binocular Microscope after Greenough 69
Bell jar 103

=C.=

Camera 81, 84
Cases for Stands 19
Cedar Oil 101
Clamps for Microtomes 94
fixed clamp 94
ball and socket clamp 94
Naples clamp 94
Compensation Eye-pieces 14
Compressors 49
Condenser 20
Corneal microscope 69
Counting chambers 71
Coverglass gauge 99
Cover-glasses 100
Cover-glasses thickness 8
Coverglass Tester 99
Cylinder Iris Diaphragm 20, 23
Cylinder Microtome 98

=D.=

Demonstration Lens-holder 67
Demonstration Microscope 49
Demonstration Ocular 101
Dissecting Microscopes 62
Dissecting Microscope with erected image 64
Dissecting Stage 66
Dölken's Microscope Stand 52
Drawing Apparatus after Abbe 74
Drawing Apparatus after Tubeuf 77
Drawing Board 76
Drawing Eye-pieces 74

=E.=

Edinger's Projection Apparatus 84
Engel's Alcalinity Apparatus 72
English screw 18
Erecting prism 102
Eye-pieces:
Compensation Eye-piece 14
Demonstration Ocular 101
Huyghenian Eye-piece 11
Micrometer Eye-piece 73
Ehrlich's Eye-piece 72
Eye-piece with cross lines 59
Eye-piece Micrometer with squares 73

=F.=

Freezing Apparatus 97
Focussing lens 67

=G.=

Glass compressor 49
Glass-Micrometer for the Eye-piece 73
Glass plates, ground, clear 82
Glass slides 100
Glass slides, hollow 100
Gypsum and Mica plates 99
Greenough Binocular Microscope 69

=H.=

Haemacytometer after Thoma 71
Handle for holding lens 67
Hand Microtomes 97
Hand Spectroscope 71
Horizontal Microscope 56

=I.=

Illuminating Apparatus 20
Illuminating Lens 100
Immersion Objective 12, 13
Immersion Oil 101
Iris-diaphragm 100
Iris cylinder diaphragm 20

=K.=

Knife-carrier 93
Knife-holder 97
Knife after Thoma 96
Knives for Microtomes 96

=L.=

Lamp 83
Leather case 103
Lenses:
aplanatic 67
binocular 68
for the pocket 68
Lens for Algae Examination 65
Lens-holders 65
Lens for Projection 90

=M.=

Magnification 13
Mechanical Stages 78
Megascope 91
Micrometers 73
Micrometer Eye-piece 73
Micrometer with squares 73
Micrometer-screw 18
Microscope after Dölken 52
" " Nebelthau 50
" " Unna 33
" stereoscopic 69
" mineralogical 57
" for dissections 62
" for reading thermometer scales 102
" for the examination of trichinae 48
Microscopical Cases 103
Micro-Spectroscope 70
Microtomes 92
Microtome knives 96
Moist chamber 100

=N.=

Nansen's Microscope 102
Nebelthau's Microscope 50
Net micrometers 73
Nose-pieces 100
Notice 4

=O.=

Object Marker 101
Objectives achromatic 12
" apochromatic 14
" photographic 85
Ocular for Demonstrations 101
Oil-Immersion 12, 14
Opaque illuminator 102
Outfit for Sputum Examinations 103

=P.=

Photographic Objectives 85
Photographic plates 82, 85
Photomicrography 82
Photo-micrographic Apparatus 82
Photomicrographic Apparatus with joint for inclination 83
Pfeiffer dissecting microscope 64
Pipettes 70
Plate holders 82, 85
Pocket Microscope 65
Pocket Lens 68
Polarizing Apparatus 99
Preface 6
Projection 87
Projection Apparatus, large size 91
Projection Apparatus after Edinger 84
Projection-lamp 90
Projection-lens 90
Projection-ocular 91
Publications 104

=R.=

Reflector 83
Revolving Eye-piece 15
Rheostat 90

=S.=

Saccharimeter, Mitcherlich 102
Screw-micrometer eye-piece 73
Simple dissecting microscope, wood case, with handrests 66
Sliding Microscope (Nebelthau's) 50
Sliding Microtome 92, 95
Slide for counting the corpuscles of the blood 71
Spectroscope 70
Stage-Micrometer 73
Stage for Dissections 66
Stand for supporting specimens 83
Stand A 24
Stand I 28
Stereoscopic Binocular stand 69
Stand Ia 30
" Ia with English Foot 32
" Ib 34
" II 36
" IIa 38
" IIb 40
" III 42
" IV 44
" V 46
" VI 48
" I for Mineralogical Research 57
" II " " " 60
Stereoscopic Microscope 69
Swing-out Condenser 20

=T.=

Thoma's Haemacytometer 71
Thoma Knives 96
Travelling Microscopes 53
Trichinoscope 91
Tube length 8
Tubeuf drawing Apparatus 77
Turn-table 101
Türck counting chamber 72

=U.=

Unna's Microscope 33

=W.=

Warm Stages 80
Water-Immersion 12
Welsbach lamp 83

Printed by Fr. Richter, Leipzic.

=Transcriber's Notes:=
hyphenation, spelling and grammar have been preserved as in the original
minor punctuation changes made without notes
Page 5, and specimens. focal length. ==> and specimens.
Page 10, will suffice tho show ==> will suffice to show
Page 15, eye-pieces may he changed ==> eye-pieces may be changed
Page 17, movement on Stands AI, Ia ==> movement on Stands A, I, Ia
Page 22, the purpore of modifying ==> the purpose of modifying
Page 25, in tis central portion ==> in its central portion
Page 26, has the folloving advantages ==> has the following advantages
Page 26, is absolutly no limit ==> is absolutely no limit
Page 43, an excellent loboratory stand ==> an excellent laboratory stand
Page 47, Exe-pieces I, III. ==> Eye-pieces I, III.
Page 54, size like the I. b. ==> size like the Ib.
Page 59, stand with these accessoires ==> stand with these accessories
Page 61, the and of the tube ==> the end of the tube
Page 62, The fit inside ==> They fit inside
Page 64, The case consists ==> The base consists
Page 68, Aplantic triplets 64-68 ==> Aplanatic triplets 64-68
Page 69, Magnifikation, 20 diam. ==> Magnification, 20 diam.
Page 71, micrometric measurment ==> micrometric measurement
Page 78, Mechanical stage Nr. 98 ==> Mechanical stage No. 98
Page 85, 42 und 64 mm ==> 42 and 64 mm
Page 90, removed duplicate 'Transport 250.--'
Page 91, also wheter it is direct ==> also whether it is direct
Page 91, a continual, flow ==> a continual flow
Page 97, 136. Lenght of cutting edge ==> 136. Length of cutting edge
Page 98, with melled and graduated ==> with milled and graduated
Page 99, forms port of an ocular ==> forms part of an ocular
Page 99, any disired position ==> any desired position
Page 99, The gange measures 0,01 ==> The gauge measures 0,01
Page 103, light. for illumination ==> light for illumination
Page 103, 167. Bell jar ==> 177. Bell jar
Page 107, Stage-Mikrometer, 73 ==> Stage-Micrometer, 73

End of Project Gutenberg's Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus, by Ernst Leitz

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Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus: Catalogue No. 40Chapter II: Part 2

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