Chapter XIX: A Chronicle of Recent Events (2)

Minnesota, meaning of word, 1.
Area east of the Mississippi (“Minnesota East”):
ceded by France to England (1763), 2, 31;
effect of proclamation of George III (1763), 36;
operation of the Quebec act of 1774, 37;
claim of Virginia, 37;
becomes part of the Northwest Territory (1787), 38;
remains in control of the Northwest Company of Montreal, 39;
British control ends (1815), 52;
part of successive territories, 58;
excluded from the State of Wisconsin (1848), 86;
treated by Congress as the Territory of Wisconsin, 86.
Area west of the Mississippi (“Minnesota West”):
ceded by France to Spain (1762), 31, 42;
retroceded (1801), 43;
bought of France by the United States as part of the Louisiana
Purchase, 43.
As Territory:
bill to organize in 1846, defeated, 88;
created (1849), 88;
proclaimed, 89;
boundaries and area, 89;
laws of Wisconsin remain in force, 90;
provisional counties and judicial districts, 90;
first census, election, and legislature, 91;
capital located at St. Paul, 91;
code of 1851, 91;
population, 90, 120, 149.
As State:
enabling act (1857), 133;
boundaries and area, 135;
constitutional convention in two bodies, 137;
they agree on one constitution, 141;
ratified, 148;
opposition in Congress to admission to the Union, 151;
admitted, 153;
state officers qualified, 157;
latitude and longitude, 363;
“Heart of the Continent,” 364;
elevation and temperature, 364;
population, 175, 252, 270, 307, 333, 364.

Minnesota colleges, 353.

Minnesota Historical Society incorporated, 91.

Minnesota River, course of, 1.

Minnesota state railroad adjustment bonds, 331.
_See_ Five million loan.

Minnesota troops, in Civil War, 178, 186, 188, 247;
in Spanish War, 350.

Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad Company, incorporated (1854), 122;
land grant before Congress, 123;
bill for land grant repealed, 125;
act of 1854 held repealed by Supreme Court of United States, 127.

Minnesota and Pacific Railroad Co., chartered, 161;
superseded by the St. Paul and Pacific, 285.

Missions, first, in Minnesota, 27;
beginning of Chippeway, 64;
first to Sioux, 65;
at Kaposia, 68;
Methodist, at Redwing, 68;
Catholic, at Lac qui Parle and Chaska, 68;
why unfruitful, 68.

Mississippi, the, rumors of, 14;
discovered (1673), 16.

Monopoly of markets forbidden, constitutional amendment, 346.

Munch, Emil, Captain of First Light Battery, 187;
wounded at Shiloh, 187;
state treasurer, 298.

Natural history survey, 303.

Neal commission, 114.

Neill, Rev. E. D., draws bill for free schools, 91;
chaplain of First Minnesota, 179;
superintendent of public instruction, 255.

Nelson, Knute, governor (1893-95), 340;
elected to United States Senate, 340.

New France, a royal province (1663), 13.

New Ulm, first attack on by Sioux, 201;
battle of, 209.

Nicollet, Jean, at Green Bay (1634), 6;
locates Lake Michigan, 6.

Nicollet, Joseph N., confirms work of Schoolcraft and Allen, 77;
discovers the “infant Mississippi,” 78.

Nicols, John, member of special board of regents, 259;
member of state commission on special state railroad bonds, 326.

Ninth Minnesota Infantry, at Nashville, 244.

Nix, Capt. Jacob, commands defense of New Ulm, first attack, 201.

Normal schools, establishment, 257.

Northern Securities Company, organized, 361;
dissolution of, 362.

Northfield murders (1876), 315.

Northrop, Cyrus, president of University of Minnesota, 337.

Northwest Company, organization and policy, 39;
posts of, 39.

Norton, Daniel A., elected United States senator, 252;
death, 292.

Official year fixed by constitutional amendment, 345.

Olmstead, David, mentioned, 110.

Other Day, John, rescues whites at upper agency, 201.

Otis, George L., defeated by Austin for governor, 267.

Ozawindib, Schoolcraft’s Chippeway guide, 76.

Panic of 1857, 142;
of 1873, 288.

Parker, Ely F., forbids issue of Chippeway half-breed scrip, 114.

Parrant, Pierre, mentioned, 82.

Peck, Louis, discovers cause of mill explosion, 324.

Pembina, French and half breed town, 84;
treaty of, 112.

Perrot, Nicholas, at convocation of 1671, 15;
builds Fort St. Antoine, 22;
proclamation, 22.

Phelps, William F., organizes Winona Normal School, 257.

Phelps, William W., seated as representative from Minnesota, 154.

Picard du Gay, a title of Auguelle, companion of Accault, 18.

Pinchon, trades on Minnesota River, 32.

Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, personal appearance, 47;
expedition, 47;
treaty with the Sioux, 48;
at upper sources of Mississippi, 50;
asserts dominion of United States, 51.

Pillager band of Chippeways, outbreak of, 351;
suffer injustice, 352.

Pillsbury, C. A., heads relief committee, 350.

Pillsbury, John S., becomes regent of university, 259;
characteristics, 304;
governor for three terms, 304;
advises farmers how to fight “hoppers,” 305;
visits devastated counties, 305;
appoints day of fasting and prayer for “hoppers,” 306;
praises operation of public examiner law, 314;
urges payment of “dishonored bonds,” 330;
regent for life, 332;
death, 332.

Pine on the St. Croix, 79.

Pine forests, exhaustion of, 357.

Pine land operations, _see_ Chippeway half-breed scrip, Sioux
half-breed scrip.

Plympton, Major, mentioned, 128.

Pokegama mission broken up, 65.

Pond brothers, first missionaries to Sioux, 65;
build on Lake Calhoun, 65;
invent the Pond alphabet, 66.

Pope, General John, takes command of department of the northwest, 222;
protests against the appointment of H. M. Rice as brigadier-general,
223;
proposes to exterminate the Sioux, 226.

Population of Minnesota, in 1849, 90;
increase of, in Gorman’s administration, 120;
in 1860, 175;
in 1865, 252;
in 1870, 269;
in 1875 and 1880, 307;
in 1880 and 1885, 333;
in 1905, 364;
1850 to 1905, 365;
of the Twin Cities, 1905, 364.

Porter, Edward A., conceives school of agriculture, 354.

Prairie du Chien supply station, 32;
garrisoned, 55.

Presbyterian church at Fort Snelling, 67.

Prescott, Philander, teaches in agricultural school at Lake Calhoun
(1839), 67.

Primary elections, 342.

Prohibitory liquor law, 91.

Public examiner, office created (1878), 314.

Public lands, grants of, 135;
grants for railroads, 143.

Public Library Commission, 363.

Quebec act, the, 37.

Quinn, Peter, killed by Sioux, 201.

Radisson, _see_ Groseilliers.

Radisson manuscript discovered, 9.

“Ragnarök,” by Ignatius Donnelly, 318.

Railroad excursion of 1854, 121.

Railroads, land grant of 1857, 143;
four companies chartered (1857), 143;
five million loan for, 155;
the four land grant companies of 1857, 161;
loan of credit to the four companies, 162;
special Minnesota state railroad bonds, 162;
work stops, 164;
work of the four companies, 165;
special bonds not regarded as state obligations, 164;
banking on special bonds, 166;
special bonds repudiated, 173;
the four companies revived, 173;
they default, 173;
they give up, 174;
four new companies chartered, 174;
mileage, 174, 175, 271, 307, 360;
beginnings of construction, 175;
extension in late ’60’s, 255;
extensions in ’70’s, 270;
extend cultivation, 272;
welcomed, 276;
multiply new towns, 272;
extortion and discrimination, 276;
ignore legislation, 280;
state commissioner appointed, 280;
debts of 1873, 281;
evade taxes, 281;
reports of slight service, 281;
slight construction, 282;
finances in 1873, 282;
failure of companies (1873), 282;
litigate right to regulate, 282;
state board of commissioners created (1874), 283;
elective commissioner (1875), 284;
grants and gifts, 291;
law of 1885, 335;
competition of Canadian, 362.

Ramsey, Alexander:
antecedents, 89;
appointed territorial governor, 89;
commissioner for Sioux treaties (1849), 93;
investigation of his conduct in Sioux treaties (1851), 100;
exonerated by Senate, 101;
protests against Rice’s Winnebago contract, 105;
superseded as territorial governor, 108;
negotiates Pembina treaty, 112;
director of Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad Co., 126;
elected governor of state, 170;
inaugural address (1860), 170;
rescues the school lands, 171;
recommends settling with holders of special state railroad bonds,
172;
reëlected governor (1862), 177;
in Washington on day of attack on Fort Sumter, 178;
tenders a regiment of infantry, 178;
appoints colonels, 189;
appoints Sibley to command the Indian expedition, 211;
elected United States senator (1863), 249;
recommends sale of university lands to pay debt, 258;
reëlected senator, 265;
fails to secure nomination again, 297;
secretary of war, 297;
lays corner-stone of new capitol, 298;
death, 298.

Ravoux, Monsignor, Catholic missionary, 68;
succeeds Père Galtier, 83;
baptizes thirty condemned Sioux, 231.

Raymbault, at Sault Ste. Marie (1641), 6.

Reeve, Col. C. McC., commands Thirteenth Minnesota, 350.

Registration of voters, 175.

Renville, Joseph, trader at Lac qui Parle, invites Dr. Williamson, 67;
guide and interpreter for Major Long, 72.

Renville Rangers, help defend Fort Ridgely, 205.

Republican party, organized, 136.

Revised laws of 1905, 344.

Rice, Henry M., birth and education, 102;
in Indian trade, 102;
personal qualities, 103;
settles in St. Paul, 103;
his Winnebago contract, 103;
selects new home for Winnebagoes, 103;
elected delegate to Congress, 107;
in Congress, 110;
reëlected delegate, 110;
secures issue of additional Chippeway half-breed scrip, 113, 118;
director of Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad Co., 126;
assists in sale of Snelling reserve, 132;
reëlected delegate, 136;
introduces bill for enabling act, 133;
causes retirement of Governor Gorman, 136;
elected United States senator, 150;
seated as senator, 153;
declines to change politics, 252;
defeated for governor by Marshall (1865), 254;
plans double land grant for the university, 301.

Riggs, Rev. Stephen Return, joins Sioux mission, 67;
edits Dakota grammar and dictionary, 68;
escape from upper Sioux, 202;
chaplain of Sibley’s Indian expedition, 227;
assists military commission, 227.

Rocky Mountain locust, scourge of, 290;
devastations of (1876), 305;
suddenly vanish (1877), 307;
appear in Otter Tail County (1886), 349.

Rolette, Joseph, absconds with capital removal bill, 132.

Root River and Southern Minnesota Railroad Co. chartered, 161.

St. Anthony’s Falls, discovered, 19;
two hundredth anniversary celebrated, 325.

St. Anthony’s Falls, city of, laid out (1847), 84;
united with Minneapolis, 131.

St. John’s University, mentioned, 354.

St. Lusson, at convocation of 1671, 15.

St. Michael the Archangel, mission of, 27.

St. Paul, Hennepin at site of (1680), 19;
Carver visits site (1767), 34;
first inhabitant, 82;
settled by evicted Swiss, 82;
how named, 83;
a French village till 1845, 83;
gets post-office (1846), 84;
capital of territory, 91;
remains the capital, 132, 265.

St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Co., financing of, 285;
bankruptcy of, 308;
sold to associates (1878), 310;
litigation following sale of, 311.

St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad Co. organized 1879, 311.

Saint Pierre, Capt. Legardeur, at Fort Beauharnois, 27.

Sanborn, John A., appointed colonel of the Fourth Minnesota, 184.

Sandy Lake and post, 40.

San Ildefonso, treaty of, 43.

Savanna portage. 40.

Sawmill, near Menominee, Wis., 80;
first in Minnesota, at Marine, 81;
first at falls of St. Anthony, 84.

School, agricultural, at Lake Calhoun, 67.

School-books, free, 321.

Schoolcraft, Henry R., mineralogist of Cass’s expedition, 71;
narrative of same, 71;
expedition of 1832, 75;
at Lake Itasca, 76;
conceals discovery in report to War Department, 77;
announces discovery in published narrative, 77.

School fund, increase of, 352;
may be loaned for erection of school buildings, constitutional
amendment, 346;
may be invested in municipal bonds, constitutional amendment, 348.

School of Agriculture of University of Minnesota, evolution of, 354.

School tax, 337.

Schools, common, development of, 255.

Second Battery of Light Artillery, 187.

Second Minnesota Infantry, recruited, 181;
at Mill Springs, 181;
gallant stand at Chickamauga, 242;
at Mission Ridge, 243.

Second Minnesota Sharpshooters at Antietam, 181.

Seeger, William, impeachment of, 298.

Selkirk, Earl of, plans colony, 78;
plants settlements in Canada, 78.

Selkirk colonists migrate to the States, 78.

Selkirk refugees, squat about Fort Snelling, 79;
evicted from Fort Snelling reservation, 82;
settle at St. Paul, 82.

Seventh Minnesota Infantry, at Nashville, 244;
at Wood Lake, 219.

Seven Years’ War, effect of, 31.

Sheehan, Timothy J., recalled to Fort Ridgely, 200;
commands there, 205;
gallantry at Nashville, 245;
U. S. marshal, 351.

Sherburne, Moses G., appointed territorial justice (1853), 108;
presents plan of union of two factions of constitutional convention,
139;
reports constitution to democratic body, 140.

Sherman, Gen. W. T., speaks at celebration of two hundredth
anniversary of the discovery of the falls of St. Anthony, 325.

Sherman, John, opposes the admission of Minnesota, 153.

Shields, James, elected U. S. senator, 150;
seated as senator, 153.

Sibley, Henry Hastings:
birth and education, 59;
arrives at Mendota (1834), 59;
Dakota name, 60;
chosen delegate by the Stillwater convention, 86;
delegate from Wisconsin Territory, 87;
secures passage of act creating Minnesota Territory, 88;
protests against Rice’s Winnebago Contract, 105;
elected delegate to Congress from Minnesota Territory, 105;
his notable Indian speech, August 2, 1850, 107;
secures double land grants for common schools and for a university,
107;
speech for reform of Indian policy, 107;
retires from American Fur Company, 197;
drafts new bill for land grants to Minnesota railroads, 124;
in legislature of 1855, 126;
frames report on Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad, 126;
draws memorial to Congress praying for disapproval of Minnesota and
Northwestern Railroad bill, 127;
chairman and president of Democratic end of constitutional
convention, 138;
elected first state governor, 149;
sworn in as governor, 157;
inaugural address, 159;
notifies the four companies as to prior lien, 163;
appointed to Command Indian expedition, 211;
corresponds with Little Crow, 216;
moves against the Sioux, 218;
commands in battle of Wood Lake, 218;
releases captives, 220;
promoted brigadier-general, 222;
appoints military commission, 227;
commands Sioux expedition of 1863, 234;
in legislature of 1871, favors payment of bonds of 1858 in full, 328;
honorary banquet to, 339;
receives degree of LL. D., 339;
death, 339.

Sioux and Chippeways exchange murders, 62.

Sioux campaign of 1864, 236;
expedition of 1863, 234.

Sioux half-breed scrip, story of, 117;
placed on iron ore properties, 119.

Sioux Indians:
first heard of, 7;
seen by Allouez, 14;
early habitat, 44;
immigration of, 44;
characteristics, 45;
tribes and numbers of, 94;
move to reserves (1853), 120, 167;
uneasy on reserves, 167;
become farmers, 168;
effect of concentration, 191;
character of reservations, 192;
prey of whiskey-sellers, 192;
disturbances at upper agency, 194;
delay of payments, 195;
soldiers’ lodge, 196;
late arrival of gold, 196;
murders at Acton, 197;
council at upper agency, 201;
depopulation, 203;
losses in outbreak, 211;
removal from Minnesota, 232.

Sioux outbreak, 190.

Sioux prisoners, trial of, by military commission, 227;
disposition of principal body of, 228, 232;
maltreated by whites, 228;
protests against leniency, 229;
Bishop Whipple’s letter to President, 230;
President Lincoln’s scrutiny, 230;
executions, 231;
mistakes in identification, 231;
become Christians, 231, 232;
disposition of convicts not executed, 232.

Sioux reservations:
granted in treaties of 1851, 96;
annulled by Senate, 1852, 98;
ratified by Indians, 1853, 98;
nevertheless occupied, 167;
permitted by Congress to be held, 167;
reduction, 169, 192;
forfeited, 232.

Sioux treaties:
abortive treaty of 1849, 92;
treaties of 1851, 93;
of 1858, 169, 192;
abrogation of, 232.

Sissetons, 94;
country of, 96.

Sixth Minnesota Infantry, decimated in Arkansas, by disease, 246;
at Wood Lake, 219;
gallantry at Fort Blakely, 246.

Smith, Donald A., an associate for purchase of St. Paul and Pacific,
308.

Smith, Robert, gets lease at falls of St Anthony, 129.

Snelling, Col. Joseph, takes command, 56;
builds Fort St. Anthony, 56.

Soldiers’ Home, 335.

Source of rivers, the true, 70.

Spain retrocedes Louisiana to France, 43.

Special legislation forbidden, constitutional amendment, 346.

Special state railroad bonds, authorized, 155;
intended employment of, 164;
discredit of, 164;
amount of issue, 165;
legislative reports on, 172;
tribunal for, 330;
redeemed (1881), 331.

Springer, William, mentioned, 317.

Spring wheat, adapted to Minnesota, 273.

State agricultural college, located at Glencoe, 261;
merged with university, 261.

State Agricultural Society, mentioned, 356.

State Art Society, 363.

State Board of Charities and Corrections, 334;
Board of Health, 334;
Board of Control, 344;
Board of Visitors, 345.

State capital, efforts to remove, 132, 265.

State capitol, burned (1881), 325;
rebuilt, 343;
new, built, 343.

State Forestry Board, mentioned, 358.

State highway commission; constitutional amendment, 348.

State Public School for neglected and dependent children, 335.

State Reformatory, 335.

Steele, Franklin, gives site for university preparatory school, 144;
defeated by Shields for U. S. senator, 151.

Stephen, George, takes an interest in St. Paul and Pacific purchase,
310.

Stevens, Rev. J. D., missionary, opens school at Lake Harriet, 66;
pastor of Snelling church, 67.

Stevens, J. H., gets lease at falls of St. Anthony, 130.

Stillwater, laid out (1843), 81;
convention, 86.

Stone, George C., explores for iron ore, 358.

Stuart, Robert, mentioned, 64.

Sully, Gen. Alfred, commands expedition, 1863, 236.

Supreme Court of Minnesota holds “five million loan” amendment of 1860
unconstitutional, 331.

Supreme Court of United States, validates Sioux half-breed scrip, 120;
in obiter dictum holds Minnesota responsible for railroad bonds, 329.

Swift, Henry A., becomes governor for six months, 249.

Taliaferro, Lawrence, first Sioux agent, 61;
opposes issue of individual patents to Sioux half-breeds, 117.

Talon, intendant of New France, 13;
orders post at the Sault, 14;
plans expedition to the west, 15;
chooses Joliet to lead, 16.

Taxation, system, changed by constitutional amendment, 347.

Tenth Minnesota Infantry, at Nashville, 244.

Terms of office, 337.

Third Minnesota Infantry, recruited, 181;
at Murfreesboro, 182;
at Wood Lake, 219;
in battle of Fitzhugh’s Woods, 243.

Thomas, M. T., appointed colonel of Eighth Minnesota, 189.

Thompson, David, on Turtle Lake, 70.

Tornado, at St. Cloud (1886), 348;
in southern counties (1891), 349.

Traders’ paper, 95.

Transit Railroad Co., chartered, 161.

Transportation to seaboard, _see_ Windom.

Traverse des Sioux, treaty of, 95.

Treaty, _see_ Indian treaties.

Tweedy, John H., mentioned, 87.

Twelfth Minnesota Volunteers, in Spanish War, 350.

Tyler, Hugh, attorney-in-fact, 100.

University of Minnesota, created, 144;
land grant of 1851, 144;
first board of regents, 144;
preparatory school of 1851, 144;
campus purchased on credit, 145;
regents borrow money, 145, 160, 257;
erect building, 145;
state board appointed, 175, 258;
state board recommend sale of land, 258;
Congress donates lands reserved in 1851, 258;
properties turned over to state auditor, 258;
special board appointed, 259;
“extrication” by same, 259;
new charter, 260;
preparatory and academic departments opened, 260;
novel plan of organization proposed by the first president, the
author of this book, 300;
first commencement, 300;
double land grant, 302;
fed by high schools, 338;
late prosperity, 353.

Van Cleve, Horatio P., colonel of Second Minnesota, 181.

Van Cleve, Mrs. Charlotte Ouisconsin, born, 55.

Van der Horck, Capt. John, commands at Fort Abercrombie, 223.

Van Sant, Samuel R., governor (1901-05), 340;
opposes railroad consolidation, 340.

Verendrye, Sieur de la, explorations, 28.

Vermilion Iron Range, 358.

Vilas, William F., secretary of state, endeavors to prevent use of
Sioux scrip, 119.

Wabashaw sends letter to Sibley, 217.

Wabashaw reservation, 117.

Wahpékutes, _see_ Sioux Indians.

Wahpétons, _see_ Sioux Indians.

Walker, Lucius C., Chippewa agent, mentioned, 225.

Washburn, William D., declines nomination for Congress, 264;
becomes nominee in 1878, 316;
service as congressman, 318;
elected U. S. senator, 342.

Washburne, E. B., reply to Ignatius Donnelly, 263.

Weiser, Dr. J. S., shot by Sioux, 235.

Welch, Major A. E., gallantry at Wood Lake, 219.

Welch, William H., appointed territorial chief justice, 1853, 108.

Western fur-trade suspended, 25.

Wheat crops of 1875 and 1880, 307;
grading and inspection, 336.

Whipple, Henry Benjamin, protests against wholesale executions, 229.

Whitman, Allen, report on locusts, 304.

Wilkin, Alexander, defeated for delegate, 1855, by Rice, 107;
appointed colonel of Ninth Minnesota, 189.

Wilkinson, Major M. C., shot in Pillager outbreak, 352.

Wilkinson, Morton S., elected U. S. senator, 171;
defeated for Senate by D. S. Norton, 252.

Williamson. Miss Jane, missionary work, 67, 233.

Williamson, Thomas Smith, missionary of American Board (1835), 66;
translates Bible into Dakota, 67;
organizes the Hazlewood republic at Yellow Medicine, 169;
escapes from upper Sioux, 202;
ministers to Sioux convicts, 233.

Wilson, Eugene M., elected M. C., 264.

Wilson, Horace B., state superintendent of public instruction, 299.

Winchell, N. H., state geologist, 303;
reports on iron ore find (1878), 358.

Windom, William, reëlected to Congress (1862), 248;
elected U. S. senator, 292;
personal qualities, 292;
report of, on “transportation routes to the seaboard,” 292;
defeated for reëlection to U. S. Senate (1883), 338;
Secretary of the Treasury, 339;
death, 339.

Winnebagoes, established on Long Prairie reservation, 104;
stray from reserve, 104;
Rice contract, 104;
moved to new reserve, near Mankato, 120;
removed from Minnesota, 232.

Woman suffrage on school and library measures, 320, 347.

Wood Lake, battle of, 218.

Younger brothers, 315.

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=WASHINGTON IRVING.= By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER.
=MARGARET FULLER OSSOLI.= By T. W. HIGGINSON.
=EDGAR ALLAN POE.= By GEORGE E. WOODBERRY.
=GEORGE RIPLEY.= By O. B. FROTHINGHAM.
=WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS.= By WILLIAM P. TRENT.
=BAYARD TAYLOR.= By ALBERT H. SMYTH.
=HENRY D. THOREAU.= By FRANK B. SANBORN.
=NOAH WEBSTER.= By HORACE E. SCUDDER.
=NATHANIEL PARKER WILLIS.= By HENRY A. BEERS.

_The following, each, _$1.10_, net; postage, _10_ cents_

=NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.= By GEORGE E. WOODBERRY.
=HENRY W. LONGFELLOW.= By T. W. HIGGINSON.
=FRANCIS PARKMAN.= By H. D. SEDGWICK.
=WILLIAM HICKLING PRESCOTT.= By ROLLO OGDEN.
=JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.= By GEO. R. CARPENTER.

The set, 19 volumes, $23.00; half polished morocco, $50.50.

_In preparation_

=BRET HARTE.= By HENRY C. MERWIN.
=OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.= By S. M. CROTHERS.

_Other titles to be added._

HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY

------------------------------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN
COMMONWEALTHS

Volumes devoted to such States of the Union as have a striking
political, social, or economic history. Each volume, with Map and
Index, 16mo; gilt top, $1.25, _net_; postage 12 cents. The set, 19
vols., $23.75; half polished morocco, $52.25.

_The books which form this series are scholarly and readable individually; collectively, the series, when completed, will present a history of the nation, setting forth in lucid and vigorous style the varieties of government and of social life to be found in the various commonwealths included in the federal union._

=CALIFORNIA.= By JOSIAH ROYCE.
=CONNECTICUT.= By ALEXANDER JOHNSTON. (Revised Ed.)
=INDIANA.= By J. P. DUNN, JR. (Revised Edition.)
=KANSAS.= By LEVERETT W. SPRING. (Revised Edition.)
=KENTUCKY.= By NATHANIEL SOUTHGATE SHALER.
=LOUISIANA.= By ALBERT PHELPS.
=MARYLAND.= By WILLIAM HAND BROWNE. (Revised Ed.)
=MICHIGAN.= By THOMAS M. COOLEY. (Revised Edition.)
=MINNESOTA.= By WM. W. FOLWELL.
=MISSOURI.= By LUCIEN CARR.
=NEW HAMPSHIRE.= By FRANK B. SANBORN.
=NEW YORK.= By ELLIS H. ROBERTS. 2 vols. (Revised Ed.)
=OHIO.= By RUFUS KING. (Revised Edition.)
=RHODE ISLAND.= By IRVING B. RICHMAN.
=TEXAS.= By GEORGE P. GARRISON.
=VERMONT.= By ROWLAND E. ROBINSON.
=VIRGINIA.= By JOHN ESTEN COOKE. (Revised Edition.)
=WISCONSIN.= By REUBEN GOLD THWAITES.

_In preparation_

=GEORGIA.= By ULRICH B. PHILLIPS.
=ILLINOIS.= By JOHN H. FINLEY.
=IOWA.= By ALBERT SHAW.
=MASSACHUSETTS.= By EDWARD CHANNING.
=NEW JERSEY.= By AUSTIN SCOTT.
=OREGON.= By F. H. HODDER.
=PENNSYLVANIA.= By TALCOTT WILLIAMS.

HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Transcriber’s note:

All instances of ‘Ramsay’ have been changed to ‘Ramsey.’

All instances of ‘per cent’ have been changed to ‘per cent.’

All instances of ‘re-election’ have been changed to ‘reëlection.’

All instances of ‘pre-emption’ have been changed to ‘preëmption.’

All index entries have been regularised.

Page 75, changed ‘noteworty’ to ‘noteworthy,’ “It is noteworthy
that Beltrami”

Page 221, full stop added, “the imagination of the reader.”

Page 225, ‘Emmegabowgh’ changed to ‘Emmegabowh,’ “the missionary
Emmegabowh”

Page 270, ‘promotors’ changed to ‘promoters,’ “enthusiastic
promoters in many lines.”

Page 354, ‘but’ moved, “not to learn agriculture but to practice
it.”

Page 364, comma added, “The highest land, a granite peak”

Index, entry for ‘Brackett’s Cavalry Battalion’ changed from page
1862 to page 186.

Index, entry for ‘Hoag’ changed from ‘Min-ne-ha-po-lis’ to
‘Min-ne-ha-polis,’ “Hoag, Charles, proposes the name
Min-ne-ha-polis, 131.”

Index, entry for ‘Jogues’ moved to before entry for Johnson.

Index, entry for ‘Jogues’ changed from page 9 to page 6.

Index, entry for ‘St. Michel’ changed to ‘St. Michael,’ “St.
Michael the Archangel, mission of, 27.”

Index, full stop added, “Welch, Major A. E.”